pure and applied geophysics最新文献

{"title":"Can Contaminated Waters from the Fukushima Daiichi NPP Penetrate the East China Sea?","authors":"M. V. Budyansky,&nbsp;M. Yu. Uleysky,&nbsp;P. A. Fayman,&nbsp;A. A. Didov,&nbsp;M. A. Lebedeva,&nbsp;A. A. Udalov,&nbsp;T. V. Belonenko,&nbsp;Danling Tang,&nbsp;Xiaobo Yang,&nbsp;Sui Yi","doi":"10.1007/s00024-025-03688-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-025-03688-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mesoscale eddies play a pivotal role in the dispersion and transport of pollutants in the ocean, influencing their horizontal and vertical distribution over vast areas. These rotating structures, ranging from tens to hundreds of kilometers in diameter, effectively trap, transport, and mix water masses, redistributing contaminants away from their sources. This study investigates the southward transport mechanisms of contaminated waters released from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP), particularly near the Kuroshio Current. Using advanced Lagrangian modeling, we analyze the influence of mesoscale eddies, cross-jet transport, and interactions with adjacent water masses on the movement of pollutants into regions south of the Kuroshio. The findings reveal that the Kuroshio Current captures contaminated waters, forming cyclonic rings that detach and drive pollution southwestward. This process is further enhanced by the dissipation of cyclonic eddies, which facilitate the spread of contaminants toward the eastern periphery of the current. Cross-jet advection, resulting from the weakening of the Kuroshio near Taiwan, also contributes to westward transport. Additionally, the influence of East Asian monsoons introduces a 6-month recurrence cycle, sustaining long-term pollutant flux and promoting stable accumulation in the region. Three key mechanisms are identified for the successful transport of Lagrangian particles from FDNPP to the East China Sea: cross-jet transport in the Kuroshio Extension, leading to cyclonic ring formation, southwestward advection of these rings or their daughter eddies, and specific Kuroshio flow regimes allowing east-to-west pollutant transport.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"182 4","pages":"1843 - 1860"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil Characterization in Landslide-Prone Areas Using Ground Shear Strain Based on Active and Passive Source Surface Wave Methods","authors":"Ozgenc Akin,&nbsp;Nilgun Sayil","doi":"10.1007/s00024-025-03696-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-025-03696-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Black Sea Region in Türkiye, particularly Degirmendere Valley in Trabzon, is highly susceptible to landslides due to steep slopes and heavy rainfall. This study focuses on predicting landslide behavior which is highly important by characterizing soil conditions in both active and paleo-landslide areas using surface wave methods. The shear wave velocity was determined using the Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) and Rayleigh Wave Ellipticity (RWE) techniques. Additionally, soil parameters like predominant period, frequency, and amplification were obtained using Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) and Standard Spectral Ratio (SSR) methods. Ground shear strains (GSS), which indicate landslide susceptibility, were also calculated. Results show that landslide-prone areas were classified as D (NEHRP). These areas indicate predominant periods of 0.83–1.35 s, site amplifications of 5–6, Vs₃₀ values between 279–458 m/s, and GSS ranging from 10^–1 to 10^–2. In contrast, non-landslide-prone areas were classified as C (NEHRP), with predominant periods of 0.12–0.53 s, lower amplifications of 1–2, Vs₃₀ values between 300 and 782 m/s, and GSS of 10^–3–10^–4. This data is critical for understanding and mitigating landslide risks in the region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"182 4","pages":"1579 - 1600"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00024-025-03696-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 28th February 1969 Earthquake and Tsunami in the Atlantic Iberian Margin","authors":"M. A. Baptista,&nbsp;J. M. Miranda,&nbsp;R. Omira","doi":"10.1007/s00024-025-03689-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-025-03689-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>On the 28th February1969, a massive earthquake stroke SW Iberia and NE Morocco triggering a tsunami recorded in more than 20 tide stations. The event occurred in the SW Iberian margin, the same seismogenic area of the 1st November 1755 mega event. Several studies were developed in the last 55 years to address its earthquake mechanism and the corresponding tsunami source. In some cases, the study of the 1969 event was also the base for inferences regarding the 1755 earthquake and indirectly to give some light on tsunamigenic processes related with the SW Iberian margin. In this study, we present a comprehensive review of the tsunami data and modelling, taking advantage from the great improvement that occurred on the quality of the bathymetric data, particularly on the shallow areas close to the tide stations. We used a larger set of tide-records than previous studies. All records were digitized from the original mareograms and processed according to modern standards. We address the possible landslide triggered at the NW coast of Morocco as the explanation of the tsunami observation at Casablanca. The new dataset combining both the earthquake and the landslide sources allows a better relocation of the tsunami source, enabling a quantitative comparison of the different source scenarios that have been developed for seismological research. The simulations presented here suggest that a thrust fault of 85 km × 20 km verging to the southeast is the best candidate to be responsible for the 1969 earthquake. The trace of this deep fault follows the one of the “Horseshoe Fault”, a northwest verging structure interpreted from the multichannel seismic data. Moreover, this deep structure may be accountable for both the 1969 event and the later 12th February 2007 M6 earthquake. Even more, the “Deep Horseshoe Fault” is a strong candidate to be the source of the 1st November 1755 event up to now elusive to multiple geological and geophysical studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"182 4","pages":"1363 - 1380"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00024-025-03689-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficiently Modelling Magnetic Fields of the Tesseroid and its Application to Investigate Impacts of Earth’s Curvature on Forward Calculation","authors":"Changqing Yuan,&nbsp;Jinsong Du,&nbsp;Jiangsong Gui,&nbsp;Liang Yin,&nbsp;Chao Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00024-025-03690-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-025-03690-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the continually accumulated magnetic measurements and the gradually reliable global models of the lithospheric magnetic field by several advanced satellites (such as CHAMP, <i>Swarm</i>, CSES-1 and MSS-1), now present a requirement and also a challenge to develop realistic forward modelling methods for magnetic fields (i.e., the magnetic potential and its derivatives) that take the curvature of the Earth into account. The spatial discretization by a set of elementary tesseroids is generally utilized to approximate the complex magnetized source in spherical domain by the principle of superposition and saturate the source volume without “holes”. Since there is no analytic solution for magnetic fields of the tesseroid (except for the special points located on the polar axis), the numerical solution is the efficient way, where the Gauss–Legendre quadrature (GLQ) is usually employed. However, the required computation becomes notably time-consuming when the geometric sizes of the tesseroids are very large or the distances between the tesseroids and the observation points are very close, that is, the distance-to-size ratio (DSR) is quite small. Moreover, in an actual application, the DSRs vary with relative distances between source locations and observation points and hence are often non-uniform. Therefore, in order to reduce the computational time while maintaining a desired accuracy (i.e., relative percentage error) of each observation point, an efficient forward modelling scheme is employed. The key point of this scheme is the adoption of a new simple and efficient adaptive subdivision method. It is an equidistant subdivision method based on the longest side length, rather than recursion or stacking. By comparing the number of subdivided tesseroids, this method demonstrates its ability to avoid over-subdivision and perform more efficient calculations compared to the recursive method, because it adopts a new priori termination condition for subdivision rather than the traditional posteriori way. We obtain the required DSRs with errors of 0.1% and 0.01% through numerical simulation. At the same time, we package this scheme and release the open-source forward calculation software written by the C++ programming. Then, the analytical solution of the global homogeneous spherical shell using Runcorn’s theorem is utilized to test our newly proposed method. As a practical application, the impacts of Earth’s curvature on forward modelling of the magnetic fields are investigated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"182 4","pages":"1473 - 1488"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parameter Estimates of Magnetic Dipole Source Using Extended Two-Dimensional Orthonormal Basis Functions","authors":"Naizheng Liu,&nbsp;Tao Wang,&nbsp;Songlin Peng,&nbsp;Yongdong Li,&nbsp;Ji Cai,&nbsp;Guangyou Fang","doi":"10.1007/s00024-025-03677-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-025-03677-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We have proposed an alternative method for calculating the six parameters (three position parameters and three magnetic moment parameters) of a magnetic dipole source using extended two-dimensional orthonormal basis functions (2D-OBFs). In this method, a 2D-OBF decomposition is performed on the total-field anomaly generated by the magnetic dipole to obtain parameters defined as energy. The horizontal position estimate of the dipole is determined by identifying the peak of the energy distribution. By using peaks corresponding to two different initial vertical distance estimates (the distance from the dipole to the observation plane), the final vertical distance estimate can be analytically calculated. The magnetic moment vector is then obtained by solving the corresponding analytical equation. Thus, all six magnetic dipole parameters can be calculated simultaneously. We comprehensively demonstrated the characteristics and effectiveness of the proposed method through testing with synthetic and field data. Additionally, we conducted a comparative analysis to evaluate the similarities and differences between the proposed method and the Euler deconvolution method in field data testing. Although the 2D-OBF method requires further practical application testing, we are confident in its potential for detecting magnetic dipole sources, particularly in providing reliable initial parameter estimates for iterative optimization inversion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"182 4","pages":"1427 - 1443"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic and Radiometric Signatures of Carbonatite Complexes from the Western Reguibat Alkaline Province (West African Craton, Moroccan Sahara): Tectonic and Weathering Implications","authors":"Oualid El Amraoui,&nbsp;Mustapha Boujamaoui,&nbsp;Abdellah Nait Bba,&nbsp;Ibtissam Rezouki,&nbsp;Abdelmounaim Fahim,&nbsp;Hassane Sahbi,&nbsp;Mamadou Diallo,&nbsp;Hassan Ibouh,&nbsp;João Mata,&nbsp;Telmo M. Bento dos Santos,&nbsp;Nasrrddine Youbi,&nbsp;My Ahmed Boumehdi","doi":"10.1007/s00024-025-03693-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-025-03693-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Western Reguibat Alkaline Province comprises rare earth elements (REE) and niobium (Nb)-bearing carbonatites complexes of different ages hosted by the peri-cratonic Ouled Dlim Massif located in the southernmost regions of the Moroccan Sahara, adjacent to the West African Craton. This alkaline province includes the Cretaceous Twihinat-Lamlaga-Lahjeyra carbonatite complexes (TC-LmC-LhC) that have intruded the Massif during the Middle Cretaceous Peri-Atlantic Alkaline Pulse. Their emplacement is argued to be controlled by tectonics, though no structural evidences were presented due to recent sediments covering them. In this study, we aim to explain their emplacement control and assess the weathering processes they underwent based on the interpretation of airborne magnetic and radiometric data. Magnetic data reveal that the TC-LmC-LhC aligns with NNE-trending magnetic lineaments, which are interpreted as dikes related to the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province. This alignment is explained by tectonic reactivation of these NNE-trending dikes by a N-trending shortening during the Lower-Middle Cretaceous, leading to opening of pull-apart structures via a strike-slip motion, creating areas of emplacement for the studied carbonatite complexes. Radiometric data indicate a widespread weathering across the entire western margin of the Ouled Dlim Massif and its associated carbonatite complexes, primarily controlled by the hydrographic network. Our findings suggest that major streams might be promising targets for REE-Nb exploration, given their potential to contain substantial amounts of placer-type REE-Nb deposits.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"182 4","pages":"1445 - 1472"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of Diffusional Growth Rate and Reassessing Existing Parameterizations for Monsoon Precipitating Clouds: A Process-Based Approach","authors":"Moumita Bhowmik,&nbsp;Anupam Hazra,&nbsp;Suryachandra A. Rao,&nbsp;Lian-Ping Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00024-025-03686-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-025-03686-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Quantitative prediction of the intensity of rainfall events (light or heavy) has remained a challenge in Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models. For the first time, the mean coefficient of diffusional growth rate (<span>(c_m)</span>) is calculated using a Eulerian-Lagrangian particle-based model on in situ airborne measurement data from the Cloud Aerosol Interaction and Precipitation Enhancement Experiment (CAIPEEX) during monsoon over the Indian sub-continent. The results show that <span>(c_m)</span> varies in the range of <span>(sim 0.25times 10^{-3} - 1.5times 10^{-3})</span> (cm <span>(s^{-1})</span>). The generic problem of overestimation of light rain in NWP models might be related to the choice of <span>(c_m)</span> in the model. It is also shown from a direct numerical simulation (DNS) experiment using small-scale model that relative dispersion (<span>(epsilon )</span>) is constrained with average values in the range of <span>(sim )</span> 0.2<span>(-)</span>0.37 (<span>(sim )</span> 0.1<span>(-)</span>0.26) in less humid (more humid) conditions. This is in agreement with in situ airborne observation (<span>(epsilon )</span> <span>(sim )</span> 0.36) and previous studies over the Indian sub-continent. The linear relationship between relative dispersion (<span>(epsilon )</span>) and cloud droplet number concentration (NC) is obtained using CAIPEEX. The present study compares different exciting parameterizations for the cloud-to-rain “autoconversion” and effective radius using a sophisticated parcel-DNS model guided by CAIPEEX observation. The dispersion-based ‘autoconversion’ and effective radius parameterization schemes for the Indian region must be useful for the calculation of Indian summer monsoon precipitation in the general circulation model. The present study also provides valuable guidance for parameterizing the effective radius, which is important for the radiation scheme.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"182 4","pages":"1755 - 1782"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to the Special Issue Geoscience in Active Areas","authors":"U. Riccardi,&nbsp;J. Arnoso,&nbsp;D. Gómez-Ortiz,&nbsp;C. Del Negro,&nbsp;F. Sigmundsson","doi":"10.1007/s00024-025-03684-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-025-03684-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"182 3","pages":"953 - 959"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Observational Study on the Variability and Climatology of Arunachal Pradesh","authors":"A. Sandeep,&nbsp;Sunit Das,&nbsp;V. H. Arun","doi":"10.1007/s00024-025-03685-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-025-03685-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the climate trends, variability, and short-term climatology of Arunachal Pradesh (ARP), leveraging data from a network of Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) and manual observations. Important meteorological variables such as air temperature (<i>T</i>), relative humidity (RH), wind speed (WS), wind direction (WD), pressure (P), and rainfall (RF) have been assessed. A very good correspondence is seen between two rainfall estimates (correlation coefficient value <i>R</i> = 0.77) for the study region, whilst during the monsoon season 10–20% higher <i>R-</i>values were registered. The plain regions of ARP experienced hot, humid conditions with gusty winds, while the hilly regions were cooler, and hazier conditions with lower wind speeds. Predominantly westerly winds during cooler seasons, while the warmer seasons saw a shift to south-westerly to westerly winds, consistent with the broader monsoonal wind patterns in the region. Rainfall analysis suggested that during the winter (64% isolated, 21% scattered), pre-monsoon (33% isolated, 37% scattered), monsoon (41% scattered, 32% fairly widespread), and post-monsoon season (67% isolated, 18% scattered) rainfall days were recorded. Overall, 70% of the region’s rainfall comes from light-to-moderate rain while 30% is from heavy-to-extremely heavy rainfall, however, the contribution of heavy rainfall increased to 45% during the monsoon season. The study region has a significant long-term negative trend in annual rainfall with a slope rate of − 0.11 mm/year for the period from 1976 to 2022. Interestingly, the data shows a positive trend in recent years (2016–2022), with a slope rate of 0.405 mm/year. The frequency of heavy rainfall events has also increased, with a slope rate of 0.22/year, highlighting a growing trend towards more frequent intense rainfall. Overall, this study provides the current state of the climate for the study area, but the erratic trends point towards strengthening of the observational network.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"182 4","pages":"1737 - 1754"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Model Space Subdivision on Three-Dimensional Magnetic Anomaly Inversion","authors":"Bairu Zhao,&nbsp;Houpu Li,&nbsp;Henglei Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00024-025-03683-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-025-03683-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Three-dimensional (3D) magnetic inversion plays a critical role in magnetic exploration by providing information about the spatial location, geometric shape, and distribution of physical parameters of anomalous bodies. The size of the model space subdivision determines the inversion resolution, while there is currently no consensus regarding the selection of subdivision accuracy for model space, which hampers its practical application. By discussing the relationship between subdivision accuracy and the effectiveness of 3D inversion, this study aims to provide a basis for the selection of the size of the model space subdivision. Multiple sets of theoretical magnetic models are used for 3D inversion with different size of the model space subdivisions, and the correlation coefficient between the inverted magnetization model and the theoretical magnetization model is used to evaluate the inversion accuracy. The results showed that the inversion accuracy continuously increases as the model subdivision spacing decreases to 0.5 times of the observed data spacing, and further improvement in the subdivision accuracy affect slightly the inversion accuracy. Therefore, it is suggested that the model subdivision spacing for inversion could be half of the observed data spacing. The applications of the model tests and field magnetic data from a mining area demonstrated that the inverted magnetization obtained using the size of the model space subdivision of 0.5 times the observed data spacing are significantly better than those obtained using the general 1 time the observed data spacing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"182 4","pages":"1513 - 1524"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}