pure and applied geophysics最新文献

{"title":"Seismic Source Characteristics and Scaling Relations in the Northwest Himalayan Region: Case Study of Himachal Pradesh & Uttarakhand","authors":"Shikha Vashisth,&nbsp;Ambikapathy Ammani,&nbsp;Himanshu Mittal,&nbsp;Uma Shankar,&nbsp;O. P. Mishra","doi":"10.1007/s00024-024-03577-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-024-03577-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand areas are known for their high seismic activity in India. According to the Bureau of Indian Standards, the areas are situated in seismic zones IV and V, and have the potential to produce small to large earthquakes. These areas have also seen significant seismic events in the past. To accurately and reliably estimate the seismic hazard and simulate the characteristics of strong ground motion in the region, it is essential to evaluate the source characteristics of earthquakes and their scaling relationships. Our investigation involved the estimation of earthquake source parameters and high-frequency spectrum decay parameters using 1059 seismograms, corresponding to 247 earthquake events with magnitudes ranging from 3.0 to 5.5 that occurred in the Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand regions of the Northwest Himalaya between 2010 and 2020. The classic Brune’s model is used to estimate source parameters. The relationship can be expressed as <span>({M}_{0} = 2 times {10}^{15}{{f}_{c}}^{-2.316})</span> for Himachal Pradesh and <span>({M}_{0} = 2 times {10}^{16}{{f}_{c}}^{-3.445})</span> for Uttarakhand region, which agrees with previous studies given for the study region, providing vital insights into tectonics and structural heterogeneity beneath the respective regions of Northwest Himalaya. Our analysis revealed that for earthquakes in Himachal Pradesh, the source radius of circular fault ranges from 42 to 771 m, whereas, for events in the Uttarakhand region, it varies from 48 to 437 m. Additionally, the seismic moment ranged from 2 × 10¹¹ N-m to 9.93 × 10¹⁵ N-m for Himachal Pradesh and 1.11 × 10¹¹ N-m to 1.40 × 10¹⁶ N-m for Uttarakhand events. An increasing trend in stress drop is observed, varying from 0.0026 MPa to 8.66 MPa for Himachal Pradesh and 0.0014 MPa to 9.51 MPa for Uttarakhand, within the similar range of seismic moment. Moreover, the study highlighted that the estimation of κ and <span>({f}_{max})</span> is influenced by both source characteristics and propagation path, with the source exerting a significant impact. A detailed analysis of the data suggests that the differences in how earthquakes start and fade in Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand are due to the complex geological structures and the intricate earthquake processes in these regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"182 3","pages":"1129 - 1147"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutionary Characteristics Extraction and Catastrophic Years Prediction of Agricultural Drought Disaster in HENAN Province, China","authors":"Dongxing Zhang,&nbsp;Dang Luo","doi":"10.1007/s00024-024-03622-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-024-03622-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper utilizes the data on crop drought affected area rate and crop drought disaster area rate in Henan Province from 1978 to 2020 to explore the evolution patterns of agricultural drought disasters in the region. The Mann–Kendall test was employed to identify the trend and mutation characteristics of the disaster situation, while the Morlet wavelet method was applied to analyze its periodicity. A grey dynamic multivariable catastrophe prediction model was proposed to forecast the potential years for future agricultural drought disasters in Henan Province. The results indicate: (1) Over the past 42 years, both the crop drought affected area rate and crop drought disaster area rate in Henan Province have exhibited a significant downward trend. (2) No mutation was observed in the crop drought affected area rate during the study period, whereas a mutation in the rate of crop drought disaster area occurred in 2008. (3) Both the crop drought affected area rate and crop drought disaster area rate displayed multi-timescale periodic changes. (4) The potential years for agricultural drought disasters in the next decade are predicted to be 2024 and 2029, respectively. The findings of this study offer a scientific foundation for the development of medium to long-term management strategies for agricultural drought disaster mitigation in Henan Province.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"182 2","pages":"753 - 773"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deterioration Mechanism and Statistical Damage Constitutive Model of Red-Bed Soft Rock with Different Moisture Content","authors":"Yizhe Wu,&nbsp;Huanling Wang,&nbsp;Yanjie Zhang,&nbsp;Changhao Lyu,&nbsp;Yuxuan Liu,&nbsp;Wenxiu Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00024-024-03609-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-024-03609-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The mechanical properties of red-bed soft rock, commonly encountered in the Central Yunnan Water Diversion Project, deteriorate significantly upon contact with water, impacting the project’s safety. This study investigates the effects of moisture content on the mechanical properties of red-bed soft rock by conducting triaxial compression tests under varying confining pressure. Degradation mechanisms associated with different moisture content levels are identified, and deformation and deterioration mechanisms are examined through mineral compositions using X-ray diffraction. Modifications to the Drucker-Prager criterion are explored to incorporate the Lode parameter. Using the Weibull distribution, a statistical damage constitutive model for red-bed soft rock is established. The triaxial compression test results of red-bed soft rock are used for model validation, demonstrating a strong agreement between the theoretical model and empirical findings, confirming its suitability for analyzing the mechanical behavior of red-bed soft rock under varying moisture content. The findings of this paper provide valuable insights for investigating large deformations in red-bed soft rocks within the context of Central Yunnan Water Diversion Project.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"182 1","pages":"189 - 208"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143480995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Near-field Atmospheric Dispersion Modeling: A New Approach for the Two-dimensional Steady-state Advection-Diffusion Equation Using Fractal Derivative","authors":"José Roberto Dantas da Silva,&nbsp;Paulo Henrique Farias Xavier,&nbsp;Davidson Martins Moreira","doi":"10.1007/s00024-024-03624-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-024-03624-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work presents a method for the analytical solution of the fractal advection-diffusion equation, considering the Hausdorff derivative to maintain dimensional consistency, so that is possible to simulate the atmospheric pollutant dispersion in the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL). The results show that the fractal parameter is a function of atmospheric stability, explicitly depending on the relationship between friction velocity and convective velocity (<span>({{u_{*} } mathord{left/ {vphantom {{u_{*} } {w_{*} }}} right. kern-0pt} {w_{*} }})</span>), and the inclusion of fractal derivative in the atmospheric dispersion equation improves the description of the turbulent transport process in the near-field region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"182 1","pages":"223 - 233"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143480992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modified Parameterization Scheme of Orographic Gravity Waves in the SOCOL Chemistry-Climate Model","authors":"A. V. Koval,&nbsp;N. M. Gavrilov,&nbsp;V. A. Zubov,&nbsp;E. V. Rozanov,&nbsp;A. G. Golovko","doi":"10.1007/s00024-024-03619-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-024-03619-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper describes the results of modifying the parametrization of subgrid stationary orographic gravity waves (OGWs) in the chemistry-climate model SOCOL, version 3. The originally used OGW parameterization is modified using polarization relations for stationary waves in the rotating atmosphere. Parameterizing the OGW generation by the Earth’s topography at subgrid scales follows the widely used Lott and Miller scheme, but the expressions for calculating the vertical profiles of OGW amplitudes, wave drag and heat influx, are modified. Test simulations of the general atmospheric circulation for 10 years (from 2009 to 2018) have been launched with the SOCOL model involving the modified OGW parameterization. Using the realistic profiles of the background wind and temperature, characteristics of OGWs propagating in the atmosphere from the Earth’s surface to the heights of about 80 km are simulated for different locations in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Comparisons with the MERRA2 reanalysis data show that the modified OGW parameterization provides better agreement of simulated and observed multiyear-mean zonal wind and temperature in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region. The modified parameterization can be used in other atmospheric circulation models.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"182 1","pages":"255 - 270"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143481045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal-Dependent Dynamic Compressive Behavior and Damage Mechanism of Granite","authors":"Ronghua Shu,&nbsp;Jiabao Cheng,&nbsp;Lin Luo,&nbsp;Lijinhong Huang","doi":"10.1007/s00024-024-03614-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-024-03614-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In numerous underground engineering endeavors, rock often face the dual challenges of elevated temperatures and dynamic disruptions concurrently. This study involved conducting dynamic compressive experiments on heat-treated granite specimens. The aim was to analyze the thermal influences on the dynamic behavior of rock. Furthermore, the internal structure and composition of the specimens are analyzed using SEM and X-ray diffraction, respectively, to uncover the mechanisms of damage induced by thermal effects. The apparent morphology, P-wave velocity and density were also analyzed. The results indicate that as the temperature increases, the P-wave velocity, density, dynamic compressive strength, and elastic modulus of the granite specimen decrease. Due to chemical reactions, the quartz content increases, while the contents of feldspar, mica, and montmorillonite decrease with rising temperature. The total crack length and the width of the widest crack also increase as the temperature rises. The main causes of granite degradation following heat treatment include chemical reactions among its components and changes in its internal structure, such as the proliferation and enlargement of cracks due to thermal stress, as well as the evaporation of both free and bound water. Temperature affects both the chemical and physical properties of the specimens, ultimately influencing their dynamic compressive behavior.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"182 4","pages":"1563 - 1578"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geophysical Exploration for Archaeological Ruins North of Senusret I Pyramid, El-Lisht Area, Giza, Egypt","authors":"Dalia Hatem,&nbsp;Ahmed El Kotb,&nbsp;Tareq Fahmy Abdallatif,&nbsp;Khamis Mansour,&nbsp;Saada A. Saada,&nbsp;Mohamed Al Deep,&nbsp;Ahmed M. Eldosouky","doi":"10.1007/s00024-024-03613-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-024-03613-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A pioneer geophysical investigation utilizing magnetic gradiometry, ground-penetrating radar, and electrical resistivity tomography was conducted in the eastern area of Senusret I pyramid, El-Lisht area, Giza, Egypt, to identify all possible archaeological features and/or ancient historical remains. A high-resolution magnetic gradient survey was conducted at two selected areas (A &amp; B) east of the pyramid using the FM256 instrument to measure the vertical magnetic gradient and identify any possible extension of a few traces of the mudbrick features observed at some places of the study area. Subsequently, 60 GPR and 3 ERT lines were conducted in area A to confirm the resulting magnetic anomalies. Further, 14 GPR lines were carried out in area C to investigate any possible near-surface features between areas A and B. The magnetic data in areas A and B revealed several high magnetic anomalies that are very likely indicative of buried mud bricks structures and scattered granitic blocks. GPR data in areas A and C showed numerous hyperbolic features varying in size and amplitude, which have been interpreted as possible limestone structures and/or mud bricks walls. ERT results in area A depicted high resistivities that were interpreted by the magnetic gradiometry data as mud bricks walls. Integrating the findings from magnetic, GPR, and ERT surveys indicates the presence of ruins of a part of an ancient temple, potentially constructed from mud bricks in the 12th Dynasty. The integrated results emphasize the importance of applying more than one geophysical method at the same location to highlight the promising monuments that certainly require further excavation and restoration efforts to develop the area for future tourism programs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"182 4","pages":"1673 - 1695"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00024-024-03613-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"São Jorge's Volcano-Tectonic Unrest in 2022: A Joint Interpretation Through GNSS and Fully Automated Seismic Analysis","authors":"E. D. Suarez,&nbsp;L. García-Cañada,&nbsp;S. Meletlidis,&nbsp;I. Domínguez-Cerdeña,&nbsp;C. del Fresno,&nbsp;R. Perdiguer-Lopez,&nbsp;M. Poczatek-Stanczyk","doi":"10.1007/s00024-024-03612-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-024-03612-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Azores Triple Junction offers a unique opportunity to investigate the interplay between volcanism and tectonic activity. After 60 years of quiescence in São Jorge Island, in March 2022, the island experienced a volcano-tectonic unrest, accompanied by widely felt earthquakes and surface deformation. We conducted an extensive study of this anomalous activity throughout 2022, through a purely automated analysis based on a deep-learning approach for seismic activity, combined with the processing and analysis of data from GNSS stations in the archipelago. The joint interpretation of ground deformation and seismicity suggests a failed magmatic eruption, which we have summarized in a four-stage conceptual model. The unrest began on 16 March 2022 with a period of vertical uplift that lasted for 2 days. On 19 March, the deformation reversed with a burst of seismicity that marked a rapid dike intrusion in the crust which abruptly stopped a few kilometers under the surface. Over the following weeks, the relocated seismicity suggests an intense overpressure near the Moho discontinuity and reveals, in great detail, a lateral magmatic expansion in a sill-like pattern. Finally, from the second week of April until the end of the year a decrease in seismic activity and a lack of deformation registered, indicates a decline and stabilization of the volcano-tectonic process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"182 3","pages":"1089 - 1111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00024-024-03612-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency-dependent Layered Q Model and Attenuation Tomography of the Himachal North-West Himalaya, India: Insight to Explore Crustal Variation","authors":"Parveen Kumar,&nbsp;V. J. Sahakian,&nbsp; Monika,&nbsp; Sandeep","doi":"10.1007/s00024-024-03618-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-024-03618-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The three-dimensional attenuation structure and frequency-dependent attenuation layered model are proposed for constraining seismic hazards and exploring the presence of an intra-crustal high conductive (ICHC) layer in the Himachal Himalaya, India. Using acceleration data recorded in the Himachal Himalaya, this work quantifies the attenuation characteristics in the form of shear-wave quality factor (Q_β). The low Q_β values (ranging 10–60) depict an aqueous fluid zone starting from a depth of ~ 11 km. This aqueous fluid identified in the study region closely resembles the ICHC layer identified by other researchers in its adjacent area. The geometry of the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT) is explored in terms of the obtained attenuation model, which suggests the absence of a ramp structure of MHT below the Main Central Thrust (MCT) in the study region. The presence of an aqueous fluid zone identified at 11–20 km depth may be one of the possible reasons for high seismicity in the Himalayan seismic belt. This work also suggests a frequency-dependent shear wave attenuation (Q_β(f)) model of the form Q_of ⁿ for six different layers of 5 km thickness each. The obtained layered model suggests low Q values, i.e., (49 ± 16) f ^(0.60±0.12) for layer 3 (10–15 km) and (27 ± 11) f ^(0.99±0.18) for layer 4 (15–20 km), corresponding to the aqueous fluid in the study region. The obtained Q_β(f) model appraises the region’s seismic hazard by describing the heterogeneity and tectonic activity level in the present study region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"181 12","pages":"3539 - 3559"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between TTI and Various Thunderstorm Related Parameters over Kerala, India","authors":"N. Umakanth,&nbsp;Rupraj Biswasharma,&nbsp;Rajesh Gogineni,&nbsp;P. Vinay Kumar,&nbsp;D. M. Lal,&nbsp;Sachin M. Deshpande,&nbsp;M. C. Rao","doi":"10.1007/s00024-024-03617-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-024-03617-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study mainly focuses on the relationship between Total Totals index (TTI) and other thunderstorm related parameters over Kerala region, India. This study has been carried out on thunderstorm days for the pre-monsoon season during the time period 2017–2022. The thunderstorm related parameters such as lightning, K Index (KI), Humidity Index (HI), Total precipitable water (TPW), Rainfall to Lightning Ratio (RLR), Maximum updraft speed (MUS), Lifted Index (LI), Convective available potential energy (CAPE), Dew point depression (DPD), Cloud fraction (CF) and Temperature Difference (TempDiff) have been considered for the analysis. For a better understanding between TTI and thunderstorm indices, two distinct regions D1 (10.8°-12.4° N, 75.2°-76.8° E) and D2 (9.2°-10.8° N, 76.2°-77.8° E) of Kerala state were selected as the study region. The results reveal that D2 region (135 days) showed more lightning activity than D1 region (88 days). A significant positive trend has been seen between TTI and KI parameters. RLR &amp; TPW parameters showed a significant negative trend with TTI parameter. MUS exhibits positive trend whereas LI showed negative trends with TTI on lightning days over both regions. This study also shows that the CAPE and DPD showed an increasing trend with TTI during lightning days. We also utilized Random forest technique to study the relationship between various thunderstorm related parameters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"181 11","pages":"3331 - 3350"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}