pure and applied geophysics最新文献

{"title":"The Bézier Curve Modeling of Some Space Climate Parameters Throughout the St. Patrick’s Day Superstorm","authors":"Emre Eroglu,&nbsp;Florenc Skuka,&nbsp;Arban Uka,&nbsp;Hayrettin Sen,&nbsp;Valmir Bame","doi":"10.1007/s00024-026-04033-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-026-04033-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A super geomagnetic storm is one of the most significant natural phenomenon that has the potential to produce electromagnetic disturbances in the solar system. The paper presents to the reader the new modeling of some space climate monitoring instruments (the TEC (TECU) map, Dst (nT), ap (nT), and IMF (nT)) throughout the <i>Saint Patrick's Day</i> superstorm (Dst =  − 234nT) period. The prototype of the <i>Bézier</i> family's curves in Euclidean topology and the <i>artificial neural network</i> are used to construct the instruments' models. The problem lies in establishing a well-posed model of space instruments under consideration. The aim is to be able to support potential hybrid prediction approaches through the proposed model. The model is compared with a neural network, a linear interpolated line model, and cubic splines. While the network model governs the preparation and training processes through the solar wind parameters, the Bézier generates its segmented model starting from class C⁰ without any preliminary procedure. Pearson's correlation coefficient and mean squared error are used to evaluate the models. The results show that the curve and the neural network prototype are acceptable. The results indicate a correlation of around 98.8% and 99.5% for the Bézier and network models, respectively. Their mean squared errors are reduced to 0.990 TECU, 1.722 nT, and 0.699 TECU, 0.294 nT for the Bézier and the network model, respectively. The paper's unique contribution is demonstrating that the segmented curve model may support hybrid models for the neural network in the upper atmosphere research. The paper hopes to support future hybrid approaches by transforming complex and nonlinear space weather parameters into segmented continuous differential geometric forms with as small error as possible.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"183 8","pages":"4227 - 4268"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148752380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Enduring Influence of Historic Walls on Urban Development: A Multi-Temporal Analysis of Damghan, Iran","authors":"Hadi Jarahi,&nbsp;Donya Namdar","doi":"10.1007/s00024-026-04032-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-026-04032-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Unregulated land-use changes create significant challenges in managing historic urban environments, especially in earthquake-prone regions. Damghan city in northeastern Iran, protected by an 8.8-km defensive wall, provides a unique case for investigating the long-term influence of fortification structures on spatial development. In this study, declassified satellite imagery, historical maps, and aerial photographs were used to reconstruct land-use transformations. All datasets were geometrically corrected and orthorectified, followed by object-based image classification and change detection analysis. The results demonstrated that the urban area expanded progressively, particularly after the 1970s, with a pronounced westward orientation. Despite the loss of defensive function, the ancient wall persisted as a spatial boundary constraining urban growth. The analysis also indicated that the early destruction of the eastern wall segment and environmental factors likely limited expansion toward the east. To situate wall effects among concurrent drivers, we contextualize post-1970 growth with population, transport, and conservation regimes and interpret the wall as a persistent spatial prior rather than a singular cause. These findings highlight that historical defensive structures continue to shape urban form over centuries. The study underscores the potential of integrating multi-temporal remote sensing and historical data to inform sustainable management of historic settlements in arid regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"183 8","pages":"4069 - 4083"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148752372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of Indian Rainfall Extremes by Madden–Julian Oscillation Phases","authors":"Rajeev Bhatla,&nbsp;Purnima Yadav,&nbsp;Aashna Verma","doi":"10.1007/s00024-026-04030-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-026-04030-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates modulation of extreme rainfall over India by Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) using 50-year (1974–2024) high-resolution daily rainfall dataset and Real time Multivariate MJO (RMM1 and RMM2) indices. Rainfall events were categorized by intensity and analyzed across eight MJO phases using composite anomalies, circulation diagnostics and frequency based trend analysis. Results reveal that MJO Phases 1, 2 are associated with enhanced convective activity and a higher frequency of extreme and very heavy rainfall events. The result shows MJO phase 5 and phase 6 are associated with high intensity of extreme rainfall and very heavy rainfall, especially over Indo—Gangetic Plain, central India and northeastern regions. These phases align with MJO convective envelope's presence over Indian Ocean, promoting favourable conditions (OLR anomaly and geopotential rainfall anomaly shows negative) for deep convection and large-scale precipitation. Phase 7 and phase 8 show less rainfall, with more dry spells and negative rainfall anomaly dominating over peninsular and western India. The spatial patterns of maximum rainfall intensity also show significant attenuation during these later phases. The findings underscore MJO critical role in modulating intraseasonal hydroclimatic extremes over India and highlight its potential in improving sub-seasonal to seasonal rainfall forecasts, particularly for disaster preparedness and climate risk management in a warming climate. </p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"183 7","pages":"3741 - 3762"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148614235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three Decades of Winter Fog Variability at Delhi IGI Airport: Trends, Persistence, and Environmental Drivers Using Sen’s Slope and Transition Probability Analysis","authors":"Srabanti Ballav,&nbsp;Anoop Kumar Mishra,&nbsp;Gajendra Kumar,&nbsp;Sourav Adhikary","doi":"10.1007/s00024-026-04006-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-026-04006-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Winter fog is a major meteorological hazard for aviation operations over Delhi, India. This study provides a nearly three-decades (1996–97 to 2024–25) robust, multi-scale climatological assessment of winter fog season (November–February) using high-resolution METAR observations at Delhi IGI Airport, examining the fog frequency, intensity, and duration, extreme persistence of fog events, temporal variability, and links to meteorological drivers including planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) and environmental factors critical for aviation safety. Fog occurred on 70.5% of winter days with very dense fog (VDF: 11.7%). January shows the highest frequency (87.5%), with general fog (GF) most frequent (~ 27 days) and VDF occurring on ~ 9 days, including several zero-visibility spell. Inter-decadal analyses reveal a decline in VDF from 29.7 days in the late 1990s to 8.0 days during the COVID-19 period with high variability, while shallow fog (SF) and GF days remained relatively stable. Climatologies indicate mid-winter peaks, a bimodal onset characterized by evening and early-morning peaks and maximum intensities between 06:00–09:00 A.M. Fog duration shows a bimodal pattern, with short-lived (1–2 h) and prolonged (4–6 h) events. Night-time fog persists longer and exhibits greater variability than daytime. Sen’s Slope trends show a decline in fog event frequency, but increasing overall fog persistence, particularly for GF and SF during day time, suggesting longer-lasting but less intense events. Elevated PM_2.5 (~ 246 µg m^–3) and PM₁₀ (~ 367 µg m^–3) under shallow PBLH (~ 45–60 m),  near saturated conditions (relative humidity &gt; 96%), low temperature (~9 –11ºC) and weak wind (1.04 –2.59 m s^-1) supports DF to VDF persistence, whereas higher temperatures , drier atmosphere , stronger winds , and deepened PBLH facilitate a stepwise dissipation pathway. Early-season intensification is evident in November (+ 0.37 h/extreme event/season), highlighted by the record-breaking 70-h fog episode in 2016. Despite recent declines VDF, prolonged fog still disrupts aviation, emphasizing the need for integrated forecasting, air-quality monitoring, and urban climate adaptation to enhance aviation safety.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"183 7","pages":"3711 - 3739"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composition of Stable Isotopes (δ18O and δ2H) in Meteoric Waters for the Baltic Sea Catchment","authors":"Dmitry Domnin,&nbsp;Boris Chubarenko,&nbsp;Aleksey Ekaykin,&nbsp;Anna Kozachek","doi":"10.1007/s00024-026-04023-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-026-04023-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Baltic Sea catchment covers an area of 1.75 million km². Due to its substantial size, the climate varies significantly across the region. The eastern and northern regions experience a subarctic climate, whereas the southwestern and southern regions have a maritime climate. However, studies analysing climate change using isotope hydrology methods (e.g. analysis of local meteoric water lines) are few and far between, and some parts of the catchment are not covered by research at all. To facilitate an understanding of the spatiotemporal patterns between the isotopic composition of meteoric waters and the factors that characterise climatic dependencies, local meteoric water lines were constructed and analysed at different points in the Baltic Sea catchment area. The spatial patterns of isoscapes for the stable isotope signatures of δ²H and δ¹⁸O, as well as their temporal changes, were analysed for the Baltic Sea catchment area. A methodology for estimating similarity in the spatial distribution of scalar characteristics was adapted and applied to the study region. This methodological approach enables us to trace the spatial relationships between processes and phenomena that vary across the territory. Using this method, we compared the spatial distributions of the isotopic composition of meteoric waters, air temperature and precipitation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"183 7","pages":"3799 - 3820"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Consistency Between SPI, PNI, and DDI Drought Indices in the Asi Basin","authors":"Mehmet Can Topboğazı,&nbsp;Seda Sever,&nbsp;Recep Yurtal","doi":"10.1007/s00024-026-04007-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-026-04007-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study evaluates the consistency between three precipitation-based drought indices—the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Percent of Normal Index (PNI), and Deciles Drought Index (DDI)—in the Asi Basin, Türkiye. Using 32–52 years of precipitation data from 11 stations, drought conditions were analyzed at monthly, seasonal, and annual scales. To ensure statistical robustness, Mann–Kendall trend tests were applied, and Bartlett-corrected effective sample sizes were used to account for temporal autocorrelation in correlation analyses. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis using a common 30th percentile threshold was conducted to evaluate the influence of classification schemes. The results reveal strong agreement between DDI and PNI, while consistency with SPI decreases during dry summer months (July–August) due to the mathematical instability of PNI under zero-dominated rainfall regimes. Trend analysis identified a statistically significant drying trend at the Hassa station (p &lt; 0.05) across all indices, despite no basin-wide trend being detected. The use of 95% confidence intervals highlighted increased uncertainty at longer temporal scales due to autocorrelation. For operational purposes, it is recommended to interpret PNI with caution during hyper-arid periods and to use SPI as a proxy for potential hydrological drought. Overall, the findings emphasize the necessity of multi-index frameworks that account for both climatic variability and methodological constraints.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"183 7","pages":"3649 - 3677"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00024-026-04007-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in Spatial Localization of Acoustic Emissions During Stick–Slip and Stable Sliding on Laboratory Fault Gouge","authors":"Roshan Koirala,&nbsp;Navin Thapa,&nbsp;Thomas Goebel","doi":"10.1007/s00024-026-04022-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-026-04022-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Acoustic emission (AE) events during frictional sliding on laboratory fault gouge are closely linked to microphysical processes, including grain comminution, force chain collapse, and strain localization. Such micro-seismic events in the lab may also provide important constraints on foreshock characteristics and rupture nucleation in nature. Here, we locate AE events with millimeter accuracy and compare their spatiotemporal evolution during stick–slip in soda-lime glass and stable sliding in quartz sand gouge. The gouges are sandwiched between corrugated PMMA blocks and loaded to failure under constant shear velocity and constant normal displacement boundary conditions. We observe abrupt broadening of the AE activity perpendicular to the slip plane shortly before stick–slip, i.e., after 95% of the interseismic period, coinciding with rapid slip acceleration. Conversely, stable sliding lacks final-stage slip acceleration and the AE activity width shows only minor variations, which are correlated with gradual fault compaction and dilation. These differences in fault dilation and AE activity width may suggest different micromechanical processes associated with stable sliding vs. stick–slip (e.g., grain rotation and translation vs. force chain formation and collapse). We compare the tests on planar PMMA-gouge with experiments on rough, granite faults with off-fault damage. The latter exhibit pronounced AE localization before stick slip which starts early in the interseismic period. The width of AE activity zones on rough faults is reduced by a factor of ~ 2.5 (i.e., 10 mm to 4 mm) before dynamic failure compared to a factor of ~ 2 in planar soda lime glass (i.e., from 2 to 1 mm). Collectively, these findings demonstrate that microseismicity localization before labquakes, and potentially earthquakes, is strongly influenced by granular dynamics, gouge composition, and off-fault damage. Documenting these factors is crucial for an improved understanding of fault mechanics and earthquake nucleation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"183 7","pages":"3463 - 3480"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00024-026-04022-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency-Domain Wavefield Reconstruction Inversion Using Preconditioned Block Conjugate Gradient","authors":"Amir Jamasb,&nbsp;Mohammad Ali Riahi,&nbsp;Arash Rezaei Nevisi","doi":"10.1007/s00024-026-04020-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-026-04020-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Extended Full-Waveform Inversion (FWI) methods are generating considerable interest because of their capability to mitigate the cycle-skipping pathology. The Wavefield Reconstruction Inversion (WRI), which is a well-documented subclass of the extended FWI, extends the inversion search space by considering the wavefield as an extra unknown parameter during inversion. This modification involves the computation of the so-called Data-Assimilated Wavefields (DAW). The DAW is the solution to an ill-conditioned Hermitian Positive Definite linear system. In the case of large-scale 2D/3D models, explicit solutions of the normal equations associated with DAW (in the frequency domain) can be challenging, especially for conventional direct solvers due to the time and memory complexity. In this paper, we explore various iterative methods to solve the DAW of large-scale two-dimensional problems. More specifically, we employ the preconditioned Conjugate Gradient method with Symmetric Successive Over-Relaxation, Incomplete Cholesky Factorization, and Additive Schwarz (AS) preconditioner. To solve the wavefield reconstruction simultaneously for multiple (sources) Right-Hand Sides (RHSs), commonly, direct solvers are the method of choice since they solve all the RHSs at once. Block iterative methods, such as Block Conjugate Gradient (BCG), can be a substitute for direct solvers for multiple RHSs systems. However, the success of the BCG algorithm requires the orthogonality of the RHSs columns to avoid rank deficiency happening during the iterations of the algorithm. To cope with this issue, we propose a cheap approach, the so-called source sketching technique, which increases the orthogonality of the RHSs and dimension reduction, thereby not only preventing the breakdown of the block iterative methods but also reducing the computational complexity. We implemented the proposed method for the DAW problem in the Iteratively-Refined WRI (IR-WRI). The results obtained by numerical examples show high performance of the suggested method for large-scale 2D frequency-domain waveform inversion with an AS preconditioner.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"183 7","pages":"3481 - 3501"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Oceanography of Aniva Bay (Sea of Okhotsk)","authors":"Stanislav Myslenkov,&nbsp;Vladimir Pishchalnik,&nbsp;Victor Arkhipkin,&nbsp;Valery Romanyuk,&nbsp;Valery Chastikov,&nbsp;Elena Latkovskaya","doi":"10.1007/s00024-026-04028-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-026-04028-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In light of the global imperative for carbon neutrality, a through evaluation of ocean-related greenhouse gas emission sources is cruical. A system of coastal marine carbon testing sites, termed carbon polygons, has been implemented across Russia, with Aniva Bay hosting one such site. A meticulous analysis of prior works focused on the hydrology of Aniva Bay is provided, along with significant new insights stemming from our independent research. The findings from the analysis of temperature, salinity, currents, tides, wind waves, and ice conditions are presented herein. The yearly cycle observed in water temperature is characterized by peak values at depths of 0–30 m during late August and early September, and at 100 m depth in December. The interannual variability of monthly mean water temperature is most pronounced in July and August, with an increase of about 1 °C over the past 40 years. Maximum water temperatures are observed in August, reaching 20.1 °C. The spatial mean salinity at the depths of 75–100 m is ~ 33.0 while at the sea surface it is ~ 31.8. Currents near the sea surface exhibit seasonal variability that aligns with the monsoonal characteristics of atmospheric circulation. In spring and autumn, a cyclonic eddy is detected in the central part of the bay, whereas an anticyclonic eddy dominates in summer. The speed of currents in Aniva Bay changes from 5 to 10 cm/s in spring to 20–25 cm/s in winter. The range of tidal level fluctuations reaches 1.4 m during spring tides and about 0.4 m during neap tides. According to observations, the seiche periods are 4.7, 2.0, 1.0, 0.5, and 0.3 h, while model simulations provide periods of 3.2, 1.81, 1.52, 1.33, and 1.05 h. Ice formation in the bay is frequently recorded during the period from January 15 to February 10. On average, ice coverage stands at 20%, and an analysis of interannual variability from 1991 to 2020 indicates a trend of increasing ice coverage by 4%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"183 7","pages":"3821 - 3848"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation of Wave Propagation in Cosserat Micropolar Media","authors":"José M. Carcione,&nbsp;Mamdoh Alajmi,&nbsp;Ayman N. Qadrouh,&nbsp;Juan E. Santos,&nbsp;Jing Ba","doi":"10.1007/s00024-026-04012-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-026-04012-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the Cosserat micropolar theory, the stress tensor is asymmetric, with the antisymmetric part representing micro rotations, for example, of material particles such as grains in granular porous media. The solution of the differential equations includes the classical P and S waves, as well as two micro-rotation waves, whose effects become significant at high frequencies. Explicit expressions for the phase and group velocities as functions of frequency and wavenumber for a plane wave are derived. In homogeneous media, the P wave is not affected by the micro-rotations, and the S wave is coupled to the micro-rotation waves, it is dispersive and has the same velocity as in the classical theory of elasticity at low frequencies. To our knowledge, there are no simulations of micro-rotation waves as single wavefronts in the literature; only their effects on the particle displacements are simulated. A direct grid method, based on the Fourier pseudospectral method for computing spatial derivatives and a fourth-order Runge–Kutta algorithm for time integration, calculates the wavefield in the space-time domain and simulates micro-rotation wavefronts. A stability analysis verifies the conditions under which the algorithm solves the Cosserat differential equations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"183 7","pages":"3433 - 3451"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}