pure and applied geophysics最新文献

{"title":"Potential Field Imaging of Salt and Basement Structures in the Southern Zagros Foreland Basin","authors":"Vahid Teknik,&nbsp;Abdolreza Ghods,&nbsp;Sedat Inan,&nbsp;Mahnaz Rezaeian,&nbsp;Remziye Akdoğan,&nbsp;Shahab Ghomi","doi":"10.1007/s00024-024-03576-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-024-03576-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The blind and exposed salt domes in the Fars Arc of the south-eastern Zagros Fold and Thrust Belt, are rooted in the Precambrian–Early Cambrian Hormuz Salt, which deposited over a Precambrian crystalline basement. To define the subsurface blind salt domes and examine the influences of the basement morphology on the distribution of the salt domes and their impact on hydrocarbon accumulation, we used high–resolution terrestrial magnetic and gravity data. Applying various derivative–based filters on the Bouguer gravity anomalies we identified seven blind salt domes. From those, two have characteristic topographic implications and another three have been also imaged by the earlier seismic studies. A low Bouguer anomaly with a prominence sharp variation limits the western extent of the overlying allochthonous Late Oligocene–Early Miocene Fars Salt layer. The horizontal derivative of the Bouguer anomaly highlights a distinctive lineament in the south of the Bander–e–Lengeh anticline, which is interpreted as the effect of the Fars Salt layer on folding and faulting propagation. The magnetic anomalies were not effective for detecting blind salt domes due to the presence of highly magnetised crystalline basement rock fragments within salt domes, yielding an unexpected non-zero susceptibility value similar to the surrounding sedimentary layers. This indicates the influence of crystalline basement dynamics on salt tectonism in the study area. The N–S trend of the long-wavelength magnetic anomaly of the Hendurabi Lineament extends east of the study area and reflects a basement structure. The integrated E–W gravity–magnetic forward modelling implies an N–S trending horst–graben structure in the crystalline basement, which controls the thickness of the Hormuz salt and possibly the distribution of salt domes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"181 10","pages":"3071 - 3101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142754340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Use of Different Sources for Controlled Source Radiomagnetotellurics","authors":"Arseny Shlykov,&nbsp;Stefan Schoettle,&nbsp;Alexander Saraev,&nbsp;Nikita Bobrov,&nbsp;Bülent Tezkan,&nbsp;Maria Smirnova,&nbsp;Pritam Yogeshwar","doi":"10.1007/s00024-024-03478-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-024-03478-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the controlled source radiomagnetotelluric (CSRMT) sounding method, different types of sources are in common use. However, no systematic examination of their advantages and disadvantages exists. In this paper, we analyze the electromagnetic fields of different CSRMT sources: horizontal electric dipole, HED, horizontal magnetic dipole, HMD, and vertical magnetic dipole, VMD, using both numerical modelling and field data. Positions of the boundary between the far-field and transition zones have been determined. Using 1D and 2D modelling and results of field experiments, we have shown that the HMD source has the smallest transition zone, while the VMD source has the largest one. In general, the HMD and HED sources are preferred for soundings in the far-field zone, due to the versatility of the transmitter’s geometry, and to the possibility of tensor measurements and use of 2D-3D magnetotelluric codes for data interpretation. In the case of the homogeneous half-space, for all sources the boundary between the transition and the far-field zone is farther away from a source for the impedance phase than for the apparent resistivity. Comparison of the signal magnitudes’ decay indicates that the field from the VMD source shows the slowest decrease with distance in the transition zone, while the field from the HMD source shows the fastest decrease, confirming the shorter range of measurements using the latter source. Using field experiments, we have compared the magnitudes of HED-, VMD-, and HMD-signals at odd subharmonics relative to the signal magnitude at the main frequency. We find that use of a HED source has definite advantage over loop sources for broadband frequency measurements with the square waveform from transmitter.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"181 11","pages":"3259 - 3277"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142890121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ground Motion Amplification and 3D P-Wave Velocity Model of the Crati Valley Graben (Italy)","authors":"Giuseppe Davide Chiappetta,&nbsp;Mario La Rocca","doi":"10.1007/s00024-024-03551-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-024-03551-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Crati valley (Calabria, Italy) is a densely populated area characterized by high seismic hazard, as inferred from the strong earthquakes that occurred in the past centuries and from the tectonic structures that border the graben. The valley extends in the NS direction between Sila massif to the east and Catena Costiera to the west. In recent years the area has been characterized by low to medium magnitude earthquakes, mostly located in the upper crust. In this work we analyzed local and regional earthquakes and seismic noise to study the seismic response and the upper crust structure in the investigated area. We analyzed 12 h of seismic noise and 24 regional earthquakes to compute the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) at all seismic stations available in the area. Results show that the two sites located on the sediments within the low-velocity anomaly are characterized by a high HVSR peak of amplitude 4 at frequency of about 0.27 Hz, which likely corresponds to the seismic resonance of the sediment-filled basin. At the same two sites, the amplification factor computed with the Standard Spectral Ratio (SSR) method applied to regional earthquakes shows values up to 6 in the frequency range 0.3–1.0 Hz. We used a selection of 332 local earthquakes in the magnitude range 0.6–4.4 to compute a high-resolution P-wave 3D velocity model of the Crati valley and surrounding terranes. The tomographic analysis shows results with a good resolution down to at least 15 km depth. A strong low-velocity anomaly at shallow depths in the well resolved sector of the valley coincides with the sediment-filled graben, the most important geological feature of the area. The results of this work provide a valuable information to be considered in the estimation of local seismic hazard.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"181 10","pages":"3051 - 3069"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142754253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Evaluation of WRF Model in Simulating Extreme Rainfall Events Over Bhubaneswar Urban Region of East Coast of India","authors":"Narayana Reddy Karrevula,&nbsp;Raghu Nadimpalli,&nbsp;P. Sinha,&nbsp;Shyama Mohanty,&nbsp;Alugula Boyaj,&nbsp;Madhusmita Swain,&nbsp;U. C. Mohanty","doi":"10.1007/s00024-024-03572-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-024-03572-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The urbanization and frequency of extreme rainfall events (EREs) have considerably increased over the recent decade in several cities in India. Forecasting of these EREs remains a significant challenge not only in urban environments but also across diverse geographical regions. However, there is a particularly pressing need for improved rainfall forecasts in urban areas where the impacts of cities and human activities are profound. Using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, a series of sensitivity experiments have been carried out by changing the various parameterization schemes to establish an improved model configuration for predicting EREs across the city of Bhubaneswar, Odisha- one of the most vulnerable cities to heavy rainfall in the recent decades. The study examines the influence of the urban heat island (UHI) effect on EREs, focusing on two specific EREs that occurred over Bhubaneswar and neighboring regions during the summer and post-monsoon season on July 19–21, 2018, and October 19–21, 2017. A total of thirty-two combinations of various cumulus, microphysics, and land surface sensitivity experiments are carried out for each ERE (a total of 64 for the two events). The results show that the combinations of Noah +  + Nocumulus and Noah-MP + Thompson + Kain-Fritsch are the most effective in capturing the spatial and temporal patterns of EREs with a root mean square error of 33.9 and 36.2 mm, respectively. In addition, the study successfully reproduced vertical integrated specific humidity. Moreover, it has been observed that the UHI effect reduces rainfall intensity by 4% within urban areas during extreme rainfall events.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"181 12","pages":"3605 - 3631"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Assessment of 4D-VAR Microphysics Schemes in Simulating the Track and Intensity of Super Cyclonic Storm “Amphan”","authors":"Arun Kumar,&nbsp;Kanak Lata Xalxo,&nbsp;Sushil Kumar,&nbsp;Biranchi Kumar Mahala,&nbsp;Ashish Routray,&nbsp;Nagendra Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s00024-024-03573-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-024-03573-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Four-Dimensional Variational (4DVar) data assimilation system of the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, developed by the international community dedicated to data assimilation research and operations, is customised to simulate the super cyclonic storm \"Amphan\" formed over the Bay of Bengal during May 16, 2020, to May 21, 2020. Five simulations are conducted using five different microphysics schemes namely, Kessler, Lin et al., WRF Single Moment 3-class (WSM3), WSM5, and WSM6 at a horizontal resolution of 18 km, keeping the Kain–Fritsch cumulus and the Yonsei University planetary boundary-layer scheme fixed. The model simulated features of \"Amphan\" are compared with observational data from the India Meteorological Department (IMD), the Global Precipitation Measurement mission (GPM), and the 5th generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Atmospheric Reanalysis (ERA-5) over the specified region. Among all the schemes, Lin et al. scheme shows track remarkably close to the observed track. Lin et al. (WSM5) scheme shows least along track (AT) error of 7.47 km at 24-h forecast length. Lin et al. shows least AT error of 5.8 km (28.12 km) for 48-h (72-h) forecast length. All schemes except Kessler and WSM3 show the spatial distribution of maximum sustained wind (MSW) surrounding the eye of the cyclone which is similar with ERA5 data. All the schemes underestimate the 10m-MSW during the entire life of the storm. However, the Kessler scheme simulates higher 10m-MSW during 00 UTC 18 May to 12 UTC 19 May in comparison to other schemes and further the simulated MSW matches with IMD observation up to 06 UTC 20 May. The Kessler scheme overestimates the MSLP for the intensity level ESCS-VSCS-SCS-CS valid 09 UTC on 19 May to 00 UTC on 21 May and other schemes underestimate during this period. The analysis carried out with the Method for Object-Based Diagnostic Evaluation tool reveals that the Lin et al. (WSM6) scheme indicates enhanced forecast proficiency for accumulation valid 00 UTC 20 May (21 May) 2020. The analysis of vertically integrated moisture transport (VIMT) and vertically integrated moisture divergence (VIMD) suggests that the greater moisture transport is quite evident in Lin et al. scheme during the SuCS intensity level. Kessler scheme is efficient in simulating warm-rain process and high intensity storm.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"181 11","pages":"3375 - 3391"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Kula Volcanic Field (Türkiye) Through the Inversion of Aeromagnetic Anomalies Using Success-History-Based Adaptive Differential Evolution with Exponential Population Reduction Strategy","authors":"Yunus Levent Ekinci, Çağlayan Balkaya, Hanbing Ai, Arka Roy, Şenol Özyalin","doi":"10.1007/s00024-024-03569-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-024-03569-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Kula Field is the youngest volcanic center in western Türkiye, and consists of various well-preserved volcanic products. Although many geological studies have been conducted in the region, geophysical anomalies have not been studied in detail. Therefore, we analyzed the aeromagnetic anomalies of these volcanic products by performing inversion studies with a recently proposed global optimizer. This study is the first attempt to use success-history-based adaptive differential evolution algorithm (SHADE) for inverting magnetic anomalies. To reduce the computational cost, we introduced the E-SHADE scheme by incorporating an exponential population reduction strategy into the optimizer. A synthetic anomaly study revealed the mathematical nature of the handled inverse problem. Some pre- and post-inversion analyses showed the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. Additionally, we observed that the E-SHADE algorithm produced better results than a commonly used derivative-based local optimizer. Nine profile data sets including magnetic anomalies of some volcanic cones in the Kula region were inverted. It was determined that the basaltic intrusions that allow the mantle material to uplift rapidly are not very deep in the subsurface. Therefore, it is possible that the three-phased volcanism may become active again and generate new alkaline basaltic lava flows in a new phase through these shallow dykes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142267080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability of Moment Tensor Inversion for Different Seismic Networks","authors":"Anna Tymińska,&nbsp;Grzegorz Lizurek","doi":"10.1007/s00024-024-03570-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-024-03570-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The article investigates the reliability of moment tensor (MT) inversion in time domain with use of first P-wave amplitude, a method used to determine the source mechanisms of earthquakes, across four different seismic networks. The study compares the synthetic tests results of MT inversion for two underground mining and two artificial reservoir monitoring seismic networks. The analysis was performed to assesses how consistency and accuracy of the results depend on different factors like: network configuration, events depth, velocity model, focal mechanism of event and applied noise. The findings highlight the impact of network configuration compared to other variables and data quality on the reliability of moment tensor inversion and provide insights into different factors which have to be considered to enhance MT accuracy. The significance of events depth in P-wave amplitude MT inversion and the necessity to consider velocity model influence, especially presence of high velocity gradient, is highlighted by the presented results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"181 9","pages":"2787 - 2800"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00024-024-03570-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Monitoring of Small Islands Belonging to the Aeolian Archipelago by MT-InSAR Data","authors":"Marco Polcari, Mimmo Palano, Silvia Puliero, Francesca Silverii, Claudia Spinetti, Cristiano Tolomei","doi":"10.1007/s00024-024-03568-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-024-03568-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aim of the present work is to evaluate the performance of several MT-InSAR techniques based on satellite SAR data in monitoring ground deformation phenomena affecting complex scenarios such as small islands of volcanic origin. To such purpose, PS, SBAS and IPTA approaches are applied in the study of Lipari, Salina and Vulcano islands belonging to the Aeolian archipelago, southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy. The outcomes retrieved from each technique are then discussed in terms of intrinsic features, spatial coverage, linear trend and coherence. Moreover, the accuracy of PS, SBAS and IPTA results are evaluated by comparison with in-situ measurements from the GNSS network managed by INGV-OE and private operators considering different metrics. Experimental results show that in this case there is no preferred MT-InSAR technique in an absolute way but each of them has strengths and drawbacks that have to be taken into account in the monitoring of complex scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"176 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stochastic Approach to the Evolution of the Global Water Cycle: Results of Historical Experiments on the CMIP-6 Models","authors":"Serguei G. Dobrovolski,&nbsp;Vladislav P. Yushkov,&nbsp;Irina V. Solomonova","doi":"10.1007/s00024-024-03567-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-024-03567-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Changes in the integral characteristics of the global water exchange, at climatic time scales, are considered as random functions (processes). “Trajectories” obtained as the results of numerical calculations on various, from 34 to 43, climate models (participating at the CMIP-6 “historical” experiment covering the period from 1850 through 2014) are taken as realizations of these processes. Temporal variations of following annually averaged parameters are studied: (1) average evaporation from the ocean surface, (2) precipitation over the ocean, (3) “effective evaporation” from the ocean (difference “evaporation minus precipitation”, on average equal to the water transport from the ocean to land), (4) precipitation over land, (5) evaporation (evapotranspiration) from the land surface, (6) “effective precipitation” over land (or “climatic runoff”: precipitation minus evaporation), and (7) river runoff. It is shown that precipitation over the ocean and evaporation from land largely suppress the monotonous trends in the mean values of evaporation from the ocean and precipitation over land, respectively, at secular time scales. At the same time, this damping does not extend to the trends of the last few decades, which may be due to a combination of a sharp increase in global temperature with explosive volcanic eruptions that preceded this period. An analysis of the time divergence in the model trajectories of each of the components of the global water exchange, as well as the very existence of such divergences, indicates an increase in the uncertainty of processes that is not associated with anthropogenic impact on the climate system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"181 9","pages":"2873 - 2893"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142226668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Basin Style Variation Along a Transform Fault: Southern Colorado River Delta, Baja California, México","authors":"Mario González-Escobar, Carlos Simón Reyes-Martínez, Cristian A. Gallegos-Castillo, Sergio M. Arregui-Ojeda, Edgar A. Mastache-Román","doi":"10.1007/s00024-024-03561-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-024-03561-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Colorado River Delta is an example of a transtensional plate boundary defined by a series of en-echelon faults along the Gulf of California. Near the gulf’s mouth, the southern segment of the Cerro Prieto transform Fault (CPF) and the listric Pangas Viejas Fault (PVF) outline Montague Basin (MB), which contrasts with the pull-apart basins along the gulf’s axis. In this context, we present a series of seismic reflection profiles and known observations to illustrate the MB subsurface architecture. The imaging findings reveal concentrated deformation within the CPF and PVF regions, which exhibit a high density of faults perpendicular to the major faults. The imaging findings reveal concentrated deformation within the CPF and PVF regions, which exhibit a high density of faults perpendicular to the major faults. At the same time, in the central part of the basin, the seismoreflectors appear largely unaltered and only slightly tilted. The MB covers an area of approximately 250 km², with a length of around 90 km and a width of 30 km between the CPF to the east and the PVF to the west. Based on the data resolution, the basin's depth is believed to be over 5 km. The acoustic basement appears only on the west side of the basin, around 4 km deep. Other important observations include the Yurimori Fault running parallel to the PVF showing significant deformation at the basement level, as well as the Ometepec and La Salina Faults in the southwest oblique to the CPF, which could be the structural link with the Wagner Basin in the Gulf of California. Historical seismicity and one particular seismic profile indicate that deformation in the Indiviso fault occurred before the El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake (2010, Mw 7.2). Although the connection with the gulf’s basins is uncertain, a slight gravimetric high striking NE is observed; this is interpreted as a strike-slip zone, suggesting that the MB could become an overlap gap between marine and terrestrial basins. Our findings provide various controls for fault linkage in a transtensional setting in which continental and oceanic basins interact.</p>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}