pure and applied geophysics最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of Climatological Trends, Spatial Distribution and Driving Forces of Extreme Daily Precipitation Events","authors":"Habib Ullah,&nbsp;Rizwan Niaz,&nbsp;Ijaz Hussain,&nbsp;Huda M. Alshanbari,&nbsp;Mohammed M. A. Almazah,&nbsp;Hefa Cheng","doi":"10.1007/s00024-026-03991-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-026-03991-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the age of global warming, sub-daily precipitation extremes may become more severe in response to temperature changes more quickly than daily precipitation extremes, presenting growing threats to human society and the natural ecosystem. To guide climate adaptation and inform future precipitation projections, a systematic study of the spatiotemporal and climatology changes in daily precipitation extremes is necessary. Based on the daily precipitation data of 108 meteorological stations, we used a recently developed set of sub-daily extreme precipitation indices to analyze the characteristics and trends of daily precipitation extremes across four provinces of Pakistan during the monsoon seasons from 1981 to 2022. When comparing 1981–999 with 2000–2022, statistically significant extreme increase has been found in Punjab and KPK: Rx1day increased by 7–15% (36.9–39.2 mm in Punjab; 34.7–40.1 mm in KPK), and R95p increased by 30% (130.6–166.9 mm in Punjab; 128.4–177.8 mm in KPK). The frequency indices indicate that there is an increase in heavy rainfall days (R10mm) by 6–9 in Punjab and 7–10 in KPK, but Balouchistan and Sindh have weaker changes with a prolonged dry period (CDD &gt; 45 days). Total seasonal precipitation (PRCPTOT) increased by 30–45% (233.30–303.33 mm in Punjab and 231.69–336.89 mm in KPK), while SDII also increased, displaying higher mean precipitation per wet day. We used ordinary kriging (OK) and universal kriging (UK) methods, selected based on performance metrics such as RMSE, to interpolate spatial patterns of precipitation indices across four provinces of Pakistan. The RMSE values showed that for Rx1day, the Gaussian model had the lowest errors (OK = 0.0603, UK = 0.0573), while for Rx3day, Circular (OK = 0.7969) and Gaussian (UK = 0.7134) performed best. For other indices, K-Bessel minimized RMSE for R95p and R99p (OK = 0.1140, 0.3157; UK = 0.0230, 0.3519), threshold indices R10mm and R20mm were stable (OK = 0.9294–0.9575, 0.4375–0.4517; UK = 0.9328–0.9617, 0.4375–0.4528), and SDII, CWD, and PRCPTOT showed slightly lower RMSE in UK compared to OK. The OK and UK Kriging of spatial interpolation reveal a southwest northeast gradient where flood prone areas are in the eastern part of Punjab, north of KPK and coastal Sindh whereas areas with persistent drought susceptibility exist in Balouchistan. Field significance testing also shows strong positive changes in over 70% of indices in 2000–2022, with a regime shift towards wetter extremes. These findings represent new indications of increasing extremes precipitation at daily frequencies in Pakistan, which is essential in informing provincial-level flood risks, drought preparedness, as well as climate accommodation policy. Our results provide complementary evidence for change in extreme precipitation at daily timescale over Pakistan and could contribute to social decision-making for climate adaptation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"183 7","pages":"3545 - 3579"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity of Double-Difference and Precise Point Positioning GNSS Processing Strategies to Determine Ocean Tidal Loading Effect in a Large and Closed Basin Environment","authors":"Anna Fantoni,&nbsp;Carla Braitenberg,&nbsp;Grazia Pietrantonio,&nbsp;Roberto Devoti","doi":"10.1007/s00024-026-04010-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-026-04010-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ocean tidal loading (OTL) induced surface displacements, driven by lunar and solar gravitational forces, present significant challenges in geodetic applications, requiring precise modeling to improve GNSS positioning accuracy. The study conducts a methodological and feasibility assessment of the differential and absolute approaches for detecting and quantifying OTL signals from GNSS coordinate time series. By analyzing GNSS data from selected stations, this research assesses the strengths and limitations of DD and PPP in estimating OTL displacements. Applying the OTL model correction reduced coordinate RMS values by up to 22% in the vertical and 10–15% in the horizontal components, confirming the model’s effectiveness in reproducing dominant tidal displacements. The largest residual after applying the OTL model appears in the PPP-derived vertical component for <span>(K_1)</span>. However, diurnal constituents are particularly sensitive to GNSS-related systematic effects, including satellite orbit mismodelling and constellation repeat periods. Long baselines in DD improved detectability of differential signals but can introduce residual atmospheric biases, whereas shorter baselines were more resilient to noise yet less sensitive to weak tidal components. These results demonstrate that millimeter-level OTL displacements can be reliably detected with GNSS, but the choice of processing strategy and baseline configuration strongly influences the accuracy, resolution, and spectral completeness of the recovered tidal signals. By quantifying these effects across contrasting tidal regimes, this study provides a rigorous assessment framework that can guide the optimal use of DD and PPP in geodetic and geophysical applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"183 7","pages":"3321 - 3343"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00024-026-04010-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viscoelastic Deformation Analysis of a Non-planar Strike-Slip Fault in Standard Linear Solid","authors":"Tanushree Biswas,&nbsp;Seema Sarkar Mondal,&nbsp;Subhash Chandra Mondal","doi":"10.1007/s00024-026-03985-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-026-03985-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In earthquake mechanisms, fault geometry is one of the important characteristics to investigate the aseismic deformation within the Earth’s interior. Fault structures have geometrical variations along the strike and dip-down directions, which may be curved, bent, or variable in shape. Modelling of such non-planar fault geometries is more complicated than a planar fault. Here, we have developed a 2-D analytical model framework of an infinite, non-planar, strike-slip fault in the lithosphere-asthenosphere region. The model has been considered in a viscoelastic half-space of standard linear solid (SLS) material. The primary aim is to determine the displacement of the Earth’s surface due to non-planar fault movement and the variation of stress–strain near the fault plane using suitable mathematical methods, including integral transforms, the correspondence principle, and the modified Green’s function technique. The study suggests how geometric irregularity influences the stress–strain components at Earth’s surface in both cases when the fault tip is buried and when it is surface-cutting. Moreover, the results show that variation of creep velocity across the fault plane influences the displacement, stress, and strain patterns. This provides a more realistic representation of natural fault deformation and stress redistribution. These findings may be useful for studying the effects of subsurface deformation due to fault movement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"183 7","pages":"3385 - 3402"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Infrasound Signals Generated by Quarry Blasts","authors":"Ulrike Mitterbauer,&nbsp;Ewald Brückl,&nbsp;Peter Carniel,&nbsp;Stefan Mertl","doi":"10.1007/s00024-026-04008-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-026-04008-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ISCO infrasound array has been installed at the Conrad Observatory (Austria, ~ 50 km SSW Vienna) since January 2021. Among the signals detected (average peak-peak amplitude 0.01 Pa), regularly recurring signals can be attributed to blasting in a limestone quarry located ~ 16 km away. The characteristic signal shape (max. spectral amplitudes 0.5–1.2 Hz) and the availability of blasting data provided a basis for an in-depth analysis of these signals. The response of the atmosphere to the rock mass set in motion by blasting is considered to be the source of the signals. The kinematics of the blasted rock masses, in particular the change in volume during the ejection process, was derived from photogrammetric documentation of the deposits and numerical modeling of the ejection process for six blasts. Among four candidate monopole source functions the pulsating sphere source function in combination with a transfer function consistent with reverberation of long-wavelength sound allows excellent modeling of the signal shape. An analogy between the shape and acoustics of classical amphitheaters and the shape of the open-cast mine and its possible acoustic effectiveness is considered hypothetically to explain the generation of the reverberations. Peak-to-peak model amplitudes correlate well with total explosive charge (R² = 0.87), while observed infrasound amplitudes shows larger scatter versus total explosive charge (max. ~ 3000 kg) over 50 blasts (R² = 0.37), reflecting source-strength variability and unmodeled atmospheric propagation. In order to support the separation of these two components the installation of an infrasound sensor within the quarry area is planned.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"183 9","pages":"4685 - 4705"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00024-026-04008-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148986174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Present and Future Climate Suitability for Tourism in Western Maharashtra (India): Implications of Tourism Climate Index (TCI) and Regional Climate Model (MIROC5)","authors":"Sukanya M. Khese,&nbsp;Rahul S. Todmal,&nbsp;Amit G. Dhorde,&nbsp;Nanabhau S. Kudnar","doi":"10.1007/s00024-026-04014-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-026-04014-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The climatic changes have direct effect on the tourism economy, as it augment the human discomfort and narrow down visiting periods at tourist destinations. Developing countries including India have high potential for rapid growth of tourism industry but at the same time are considerably vulnerable to climatic changes. The present investigation, therefore, attempted to understand climatic changes (past and future) and their influence on favourability for tourism in coastal and semi-arid regions of Maharashtra. For this, temperature, rainfall, humidity, wind speed and sunshine duration data of 17 stations for the period between 1981 and 2100 were considered to calculate the Tourism Climate Index (TCI) formulated by Mieczkowski. Parametric and non-parametric statistical techniques were applied to understand trends and step-changes in climatic variables and TCI. It is observed that the Madhya Maharashtra and Konkan Subdivisions experienced rise in annual mean (0.73 and 0.52 °C, respectively) and mean maximum (0.40 and 0.59 °C, respectively) temperature during 1991–2023 period. During the same period, the study area registered marginal (16 to 46 mm) amount of increase in rainfall. The simulated data (RCP 4.5 and 8.5) suggest a considerable rise in annual mean maximum (1.1 to 3.2 °C) and mean (1 to 3 °C) by 2100. Summer and winter seasons (main vacation periods) are very likely to have adverse climate for tourism in future (up to 2100). Rise in temperature (particularly maximum) and humidity will be the prominent factors to amplify discomfort and deterioration of TCI. Moreover, the coastal region may have rainfall as another cause for the same. Broadly, the study area may witness a notable exacerbation in climate favourability for tourism after 2060. The estimated adverse changes in climate have potential to shorten the optimal period for tourism in all season, which may reduce the volume of international and intra-national/domestic tourist and eventually hamper the tourism economy. Therefore, in order to minimize the adverse effects of climate change and maintain tourism development, the concerned government and non-government agencies should have climate-resilient tourism polices and plan.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"183 8","pages":"4201 - 4225"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148752179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Method for Restoring the Orientation of Ocean Bottom Seismometers Using Distant Earthquakes Records","authors":"Oleg V. Ponomarev,&nbsp;Sergey V. Kolesov,&nbsp;Mikhail A. Nosov","doi":"10.1007/s00024-026-04027-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-026-04027-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"183 7","pages":"3383 - 3383"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Projected Intensification and Persistence of Drought in Southeastern Anatolia, Turkey: A Multi-Index Analysis Based on CMIP6 Multi-Model Ensemble Projections","authors":"Emrah Yalcin,&nbsp;Nermin Sarlak,&nbsp;Fahid Abbas Tofiq,&nbsp;Omer Celebi","doi":"10.1007/s00024-026-04017-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-026-04017-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Drought is a major climatic hazard in semi-arid environments, with severe implications for agriculture, hydropower production, and socio-economic stability. This study examines Turkey’s Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP), one of the country’s largest development programs, which encompasses nine provinces: Siirt, Gaziantep, Kilis, Adiyaman, Sanliurfa, Mardin, Diyarbakir, Batman, and Sirnak. Future drought variability in this region is assessed using multi-model ensemble projections derived from Global Circulation Models (GCMs) participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Daily precipitation, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature outputs from 24 GCMs are spatially standardized, bias-corrected, and evaluated using statistical performance metrics. The four best-performing GCMs are combined into ensembles for each climate variable under the CMIP6 historical experiment and the Shared Socio-economic Pathway (SSP) scenarios SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5. Drought dynamics are analyzed using three complementary indices: the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), and the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). Validation indicates strong agreement with observations for the historical simulation period (1965–2014) and the initial projection decade (2015–2024), while acknowledging methodological and index-related uncertainties. Ensemble projections for the near- and late-century periods (2025–2062 and 2063–2100) indicate an increasing frequency and persistence of drought events. SSP2-4.5 exhibits greater drought severity in the near-century; in contrast, SSP5-8.5 yields more severe conditions in the late-century. While the proposed integrated multi-model, multi-index framework provides a potentially transferable tool for assessing drought risk in other semi-arid regions worldwide, the findings offer strong evidence supporting the urgent need for climate adaptation in the GAP provinces.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"183 7","pages":"3679 - 3709"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00024-026-04017-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inversion of Self-Potential Data from Regular Geometric Objects Using Bat Algorithms","authors":"Idrees Khan,&nbsp;Yi-an Cui,&nbsp;Muhammad Ishfaque,&nbsp;Syed Yasir Ali Shah","doi":"10.1007/s00024-026-04005-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-026-04005-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the inversion of self-potential (SP) data using the Bat Optimization Algorithm (BA), with a focus on the sphere and cylinder models as representative cases. To establish a performance benchmark and validate the proposed approach, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is employed as a comparative algorithm throughout this study. By leveraging nature-inspired optimization techniques, this study advances geophysical exploration by enhancing the accuracy of subsurface anomaly detection. The primary objective is to evaluate the Bat Algorithm’s effectiveness in estimating model parameters associated with SP anomalies, emphasizing its precision and efficiency. Comprehensive discussions are provided on parameter estimation, including the minimization of misfit and the tuning of algorithm-specific parameters such as loudness and pulse rate. Through meticulous adjustment of these parameters, the BA consistently produces reliable estimates that closely match real-world geological data. The findings highlight the importance of robust parameter tuning strategies for optimizing the algorithm’s performance, especially in complex geophysical environments. The successful application of the BA to both synthetic and real SP data underscores its potential to accurately characterize geological structures with varying geometries, thus contributing valuable insights to the field of geophysical inversion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"183 7","pages":"3421 - 3432"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of November 2023 Storms along the Southern Black Sea Coastline","authors":"Hasan Gokhan Guler,&nbsp;Gozde Guney Dogan,&nbsp;Isikhan Guler,&nbsp;Cagil Kirezci,&nbsp;Seyda Pirincci,&nbsp;Ahmet Cevdet Yalciner","doi":"10.1007/s00024-026-04011-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-026-04011-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents a comprehensive assessment of two successive storm events that impacted the Black Sea coasts in November 2023. Using a combination of meteorological and oceanographic datasets, satellite altimetry, and an extensive post-disaster field survey conducted at most of the affected regions along the Southern Black Sea coastline, the characteristics of storms and their impacts on coastal structures and communities are documented in detail. The storms, spaced just one week apart, generated significant wave heights exceeding 7–8 m offshore, wind speeds above 20–25 m/s, and widespread coastal inundation. Despite the limitations in the spatial resolution of global datasets, particularly in capturing localized wind and wave conditions, datasets provided valuable insights together with observational data. Field observations revealed recurring structural damages across the region, particularly the breakwater crown walls, due to high wave impact. At several harbors, displaced armor units contributed to damage. Inundation extends up to 270 m, highlighting the extreme wave run-up and overtopping during the storms. A digital repository containing photos and videos was also developed and openly shared via the Zenodo platform to support further research and documentation. This study contributes a unique and open-access dataset, empirical insights on structural damage mechanisms, and a baseline for improving future coastal hazard assessments in semi-enclosed seas such as the Black Sea.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"183 7","pages":"3291 - 3320"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00024-026-04011-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Hydrological Modelling and Water Resource Management in the Vaitarna River Basin","authors":"Lata K. Kamthekar","doi":"10.1007/s00024-026-04015-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-026-04015-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Climate change is significantly impacting hydrological processes in the Vaitarna River Basin, which is crucial for water resource management in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region. This study aims to assess the effects of climate change on hydrological processes, evaluate changes in water availability, and propose adaptive strategies for sustainable water management. Using data from the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), future climate scenarios are generated based on projected greenhouse gas emissions. The Physically-Based Model—Hydrologic Modelling System (PBM-HMS) is employed to simulate streamflow and assess climate impacts. Additionally, a Smart Water Allocation System (SWAS) is integrated with IoT sensors to optimize water distribution. The Climate-Aware Transformer Network (CAT-Net) is used to improve model accuracy and enhance flood forecasting and drought management. The proposed method shows high accuracy, with values of 92% for precipitation, 90% for temperature, and 88% for streamflow. Future research will focus on refining climate models and developing adaptive strategies for enhanced water resource resilience.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"183 7","pages":"3525 - 3543"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}