pure and applied geophysics最新文献_第9页

Lightning Association with Aerosol and Relative Humidity Over Andhra Pradesh and Adjacent Area in Southeast India: A General Prospection 印度东南部安得拉邦及邻近地区闪电与气溶胶和相对湿度的关系：总体展望

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

pure and applied geophysics Pub Date : 2024-05-25 DOI: 10.1007/s00024-024-03509-w

Deen Mani Lal, Nandivada Umakanth

{"title":"Lightning Association with Aerosol and Relative Humidity Over Andhra Pradesh and Adjacent Area in Southeast India: A General Prospection","authors":"Deen Mani Lal, Nandivada Umakanth","doi":"10.1007/s00024-024-03509-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-024-03509-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The association of lightning yield per vertical column aerosol of unit cross section (AOD) with relative humidity and rainfall has been investigated using surface observation as well as satellite data for the south-east Indian peninsula, especially Hyderabad and adjacent areas, from 2019 to 2022. For a healthy finding, the study domain area has been separated into three sub-regions: Region R1 (Lat: 17.7–19.5; Lon: 78.5–84.5); R2 (Lat: 15.1–17.5; Lon: 76–80.1); and R3 (Lat: 12.5–15; Lon: 76–80.1). During the investigation, uneven relationship between aerosol and lightning has been found. The relationship between them increases with decreasing latitude (moving towards the south). It has also been found that the yield of lightning per AOD, cloud per AOD, and rainfall increases when relative humidity increases. However, lightning per rainfall is non-linearly associated with relative humidity. Most of the clouds in region R2 have lightning, with or without rain. A regression equation has been investigated that successfully captures the lightning that occurred in the regions R1 and R2.</div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"181 6","pages":"1987 - 2003"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141152153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterization of a Buried Quarry by Historical Analysis of Satellite Images Integrated with Electrical Resistivity Tomography, East Cairo area, Egypt 通过卫星图像历史分析与电阻率层析成像相结合确定埃及东开罗地区一个地下采石场的特征

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

pure and applied geophysics Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1007/s00024-024-03494-0

Ahmed Lethy, Usama Massoud, Hany Mesbah, Abbas Mohamed Abbas, Said M. Said

{"title":"Characterization of a Buried Quarry by Historical Analysis of Satellite Images Integrated with Electrical Resistivity Tomography, East Cairo area, Egypt","authors":"Ahmed Lethy, Usama Massoud, Hany Mesbah, Abbas Mohamed Abbas, Said M. Said","doi":"10.1007/s00024-024-03494-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-024-03494-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Many quarries in East Cairo are used as solid waste landfills. These locations are now impossible to find from the ground surface due to the urban development of New Cairo. In this study, a subterranean landfill site near the Ring Road in East Cairo, Egypt, was found and delineated using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) data and multi-temporal high-resolution satellite imagery. Up to 2005, the research location was a WNW-oriented quarry that had been randomly filled with diverse solid materials, according to an analysis of changes shown on the satellite images. Based on the change detection data, ERT survey planning was done. The ERT measurements identified the infill material-occupied electrically conductive zones on the plan view and separated them from the resistive zones, representing the natural soil areas. Two distinct geoelectrical units could be distinguished by combining the satellite images and the ERT results: Unit-2 (the lower unit) is characterized by high resistivity values that characterize the original soil (bedrock), whereas Unit-1 (the upper unit) is defined by low to moderate resistivity values that are the solid waste materials. The contact between the bedrock and the infill materials was mapped and delineated using the closely spaced grid of ERT profiles and the thorough topographic map. Ground surface elevation, the depth of Unit 1’s lower boundary, and this unit’s thickness change throughout the researched site are some criteria that might be addressed and used to characterize the unit of interest (Unit 1).</div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"181 6","pages":"1895 - 1906"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141105288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Attenuation of High-Frequency Seismic Waves in NW Iran 伊朗西北部的高频地震波衰减

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

pure and applied geophysics Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1007/s00024-024-03496-y

Zahra Zarunizadeh, Khalil Motaghi, Habib Rahimi

{"title":"Attenuation of High-Frequency Seismic Waves in NW Iran","authors":"Zahra Zarunizadeh, Khalil Motaghi, Habib Rahimi","doi":"10.1007/s00024-024-03496-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-024-03496-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div>We analyzed 872 local earthquakes recorded by 18 seismic stations to estimate P-, S-, and coda-wave quality factors for NW Iran, an active seismic and geothermal region in the central part of the Alpine-Himalayan orogeny in western Asia. The calculated frequency-dependent attenuation relations are as follows: Qp = 38 ± 2 f 1.00±0.07, Qs = 79 ± 2 f 0.90±0.17, and Qc = 64 ± 1 f 0.86±0.18 (for a lapse time window length of 50 s). The depth variations of Qc were investigated by estimating Qc at five lapse time windows ranging from 30 to 70 s. The Analysis of Qc in sub-regions surrounding Sahand volcano, Sabalan volcano, and Talesh Mountains indicates that Qc is increasing with the increase of the lapse times. However, the Qc values estimated in the areas surrounding the volcanoes are generally lower than those of the Talesh Mountains, confirming a lithospheric contrast between the warm and weak lithosphere of NW Iran and the more rigid South Caspian Basin lithosphere located beneath the Talesh Mountains. The average Qs/Qp ratio in NW Iran is > 1.6 at all frequencies, likely due to a high degree of heterogeneities and thermal activities in the crust.</div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"181 6","pages":"1811 - 1829"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140940792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hydrological Drought and Trend Analysis in Kızılırmak, Yeşilırmak and Sakarya Basins 克孜勒玛克、叶希勒玛克和萨卡里亚盆地的水文干旱和趋势分析

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

pure and applied geophysics Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1007/s00024-024-03499-9

Veysi Kartal, Muhammet Emin Emiroglu

{"title":"Hydrological Drought and Trend Analysis in Kızılırmak, Yeşilırmak and Sakarya Basins","authors":"Veysi Kartal, Muhammet Emin Emiroglu","doi":"10.1007/s00024-024-03499-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-024-03499-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Water is one of the most essential elements for human life and must be provided for life necessities. Historical changes in hydro-meteorological data are vital for operating and planning water structures. Drought indices are commonly used in the literature to assess the drought. Long-term streamflow records were used to evaluate the hydrological drought based on the Stream Flow Drought Index (SDI) in Sakarya, Kızılırmak and Yeşilırmak basins located in Turkey for 56 years (1965–2020) with sixteen stations. SDI values were calculated at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month scales based on moving averages (MA) to analyze the drought. Run Test and Double Mass Curve were applied to analyze the streamflow data. Moreover, Sen’s Innovative Trend Detection Test (SITDT), Innovative Polygon Trend Analysis (IPTA), Mann–Kendall and Sen’s slope were applied to evaluate the trend in the streamflow. Findings show that similar results were obtained for SDI-1, SDI-3, SDI-6, and SDI-12 results based on MA at the same stations. Although different droughts occurred, normal droughts were observed more. Downward trends were detected in streamflow data based on IPTA, SITDT, Mann–Kendall and Sen’s slope. As a result, assessment of hydrological drought and trend analysis in these basins will contribute to water resources planning and management in the basins.</div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"181 6","pages":"1919 - 1943"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140976473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recent Changes in Temperature Extremes and Heat Stress over Eastern India 印度东部极端气温和热应力的近期变化

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

pure and applied geophysics Pub Date : 2024-05-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00024-024-03497-x

Javed Akhter, Riddhima Biswas, Lalu Das, Subrata Kumar Midya

{"title":"Recent Changes in Temperature Extremes and Heat Stress over Eastern India","authors":"Javed Akhter, Riddhima Biswas, Lalu Das, Subrata Kumar Midya","doi":"10.1007/s00024-024-03497-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-024-03497-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The rise of extreme heat events and increase in heat stress under changing climate has been a major concern in recent periods. The present study has been undertaken to analyze temperature extremes and heat stress patterns over Eastern India during the period 1981–2020 for April, May, and June (AMJ). Six indices namely, Monthly maximum value of daily maximum temperature (TXx), Monthly maximum value of daily minimum temperature (TNx), Monthly minimum value of daily maximum temperature (TXn), Monthly minimum value of daily minimum temperature (TNn), Percentage of days when maximum temperature > 90th percentile (TX90p) and minimum temperature > 90th percentile (TN90p) have been utilized to assess the changes in temperature extremes. Furthermore, three heat stress indices (HSIs) namely, Humidex, Simplified Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature, and Apparent Temperature have been used to estimate and categorize heat stress levels. Mixed results with both increasing and decreasing trends over different parts of the study area have been observed during three months in case of TXx, TXn, TNx, and TNn. During AMJ, there has been amplification in the frequency of TX90p over coastal regions of West Bengal and Odisha in latest decades. Increasing TN90p frequency has been found over Sikkim, Bihar, and North Bengal while it has decreased over Chhattisgarh and Odisha. The frequency of strong heat stress has intensified over Gangetic West Bengal and Bihar during recent decades. Spatial coverage of strong stress has also gradually extended and the area under no stress has decreased during AMJ season.</div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"181 6","pages":"2005 - 2024"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140940552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Submesoscale Topography on Baroclinic Instability Under the Quadric Shear Basic Zonal Flow 亚主题尺度地形对四元剪切基本地带流下的巴洛克不稳定性的影响

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

pure and applied geophysics Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1007/s00024-024-03450-y

Hui Liu, Jing Yu, Jian Song

引用次数: 0

Deep Neural Networks Based Denoising of Regional Seismic Waveforms and Impact on Analysis of North Korean Nuclear Tests 基于深度神经网络的区域地震波形去噪及其对朝鲜核试验分析的影响

IF 2 4区地球科学

pure and applied geophysics Pub Date : 2024-05-02 DOI: 10.1007/s00024-024-03491-3

Andreas Steinberg, Peter Gaebler, Gernot Hartmann, Johanna Lehr, Christoph Pilger

{"title":"Deep Neural Networks Based Denoising of Regional Seismic Waveforms and Impact on Analysis of North Korean Nuclear Tests","authors":"Andreas Steinberg, Peter Gaebler, Gernot Hartmann, Johanna Lehr, Christoph Pilger","doi":"10.1007/s00024-024-03491-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-024-03491-3","url":null,"abstract":"We test a deep learning based denoising autoencoder algorithm on regional and teleseismic seismological and hydroacoustic datasets, which we compile from the International Monitoring System of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organisation. We focus on stations which can be relevant to investigate North Korean nuclear tests. Denoising of waveform records using autoencoder techniques potentially enables improved signal detection and processing due to lowered signal-to-noise ratios. We train and compare the performance of several different denoising autoencoder models, for short- and long waveform periods, trained on the complete station network as well as on individual stations. We investigate if the denoised waveform signals are useful for seismic source analysis and if they can still be reliably used in downstream analysis for further inferences on the seismic source type, i.e. seismic moment tensor analysis. The declared North Korean nuclear tests are a suitable benchmark test set, as they have extensively been researched and their source type and location might be assumed known. Verification of the source type is of particular interest for potential nuclear tests under international law. We find that care needs to be taken using the denoised waveform data, as a slight bias is introduced in the seismic moment tensor analysis. However we also find promising results hinting at possible future use of the technique for standard analyses, as it improves the investigation of smaller events. Autoencoder based denoising techniques could be employed in future routine frameworks to increase earthquake catalog completeness and possibly aid in detecting smaller potential treaty relevant events.","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140882275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effectiveness of Integrating Ensemble-Based Feature Selection and Novel Gradient Boosted Trees in Runoff Prediction: A Case Study in Vu Gia Thu Bon River Basin, Vietnam 基于集合的特征选择与新型梯度提升树在径流预测中的整合效果：越南 Vu Gia Thu Bon 河流域案例研究

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

pure and applied geophysics Pub Date : 2024-04-28 DOI: 10.1007/s00024-024-03486-0

Oluwatobi Aiyelokun, Quoc Bao Pham, Oluwafunbi Aiyelokun, Nguyen Thi Thuy Linh, Tirthankar Roy, Duong Tran Anh, Ewa Łupikasza

{"title":"Effectiveness of Integrating Ensemble-Based Feature Selection and Novel Gradient Boosted Trees in Runoff Prediction: A Case Study in Vu Gia Thu Bon River Basin, Vietnam","authors":"Oluwatobi Aiyelokun, Quoc Bao Pham, Oluwafunbi Aiyelokun, Nguyen Thi Thuy Linh, Tirthankar Roy, Duong Tran Anh, Ewa Łupikasza","doi":"10.1007/s00024-024-03486-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-024-03486-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Traditional rainfall-runoff modeling techniques require large datasets and often an exhaustive calibration process, which is challenging, especially in poorly-gauged basins and resource-limited settings. Therefore, it is necessary to examine new ways of constructing predictive models for runoff that can achieve satisfactory results, while also minimizing the data requirement and model construction time. In this study, the effectiveness of integrating the Random Forest (RF) as an important feature identifier with novel gradient boosted trees to achieve satisfactory results was examined for two adjacent catchments in Vietnam. Antecedent daily runoff in combination with daily and one-day antecedent rainfall was found to significantly influence the runoff at the outlet of the catchments. Categorical Boosting (CatBoost) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) were effective in predicting day-ahead runoff. For instance, CatBoost with NSE, d, r, and R2 values of 0.92, 0.98, 0.96, and 0.92, respectively, and XGBoost with NSE, d, r, and R2 values of 0.91, 0.98, 0.96, and 0.92, respectively, are well suited for predicting runoff. A comparative analysis of their results with previous studies revealed that the models were very effective since they were able to better reduce generalization errors at different calibration and validation phases. This study presents the integration of RF and gradient boosted trees as a simplified alternative to computationally expensive and data-intensive physically-based rainfall-runoff models. The practitioners can build upon the experimentation presented in this study to minimize the computational time requirement, construction process complexity, and data requirement, which are often serious constraints in physically-based rainfall-runoff modeling.</div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"181 5","pages":"1725 - 1744"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140811386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

GNSS Gravity Leveling 全球导航卫星系统重力水平仪

IF 2 4区地球科学

pure and applied geophysics Pub Date : 2024-04-26 DOI: 10.1007/s00024-024-03492-2

Hurong Duan, Yerui Zhang, Lelin Xing, Weifeng Liang

引用次数: 0

Deformation and Frictional Failure of Granular Media in 3D Analog and Numerical Experiments 三维模拟和数值实验中颗粒介质的变形和摩擦破坏

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

pure and applied geophysics Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1007/s00024-024-03464-6

P. I. Ioannidi, S. McLafferty, J. E. Reber, G. Morra, D. Weatherley

{"title":"Deformation and Frictional Failure of Granular Media in 3D Analog and Numerical Experiments","authors":"P. I. Ioannidi, S. McLafferty, J. E. Reber, G. Morra, D. Weatherley","doi":"10.1007/s00024-024-03464-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-024-03464-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Frictional sliding along grain boundaries in brittle shear zones can result in the fragmentation of individual grains, which ultimately can impact slip dynamics. During deformation at small scales, stick–slip motion can occur between grains when existing force chains break due to grain rearrangement or failure, resulting in frictional sliding of granular material. The rearrangement of the grains leads to dilation of the granular package, reducing the shear stress and subsequently leading to slip. Here, we conduct physical experiments employing HydroOrbs, an elasto-plastic material, to investigate grain comminution in granular media under simple shear conditions. Our findings demonstrate that the degree of grain comminution is dependent on both the normal force and the size of the grains. Using the experimental setup, we benchmark Discrete Element Method (DEM) numerical models, which are capable of simulating the movement, rotation, and fracturing of elasto-plastic grains subjected to simple shear. The DEM models successfully replicate both grain comminution patterns and horizontal force fluctuations observed in our physical experiments. They show that increasing normal forces correlate with higher horizontal forces and more fractured grains. The ability of our DEM models to accurately reproduce experimental results opens up new avenues for investigating various parameter spaces that may not be accessible through traditional laboratory experiments, for example, in assessing how internal friction or cohesion affect deformation in granular systems.</div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"181 7","pages":"2083 - 2105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00024-024-03464-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140655389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0