pure and applied geophysics最新文献

{"title":"Tidal Modulation of Seismicity Between the Mw 6.4 and Mw 7.1 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquakes","authors":"Ruyu Yan,&nbsp;Xiaodong Chen,&nbsp;Rumeng Guo,&nbsp;Jiangcun Zhou,&nbsp;Ming Qin,&nbsp;Heping Sun","doi":"10.1007/s00024-025-03705-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-025-03705-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tidal triggering of seismicity occurs preferentially when a region is subjected to being in a state of critical stress, suggesting that tidal stress may provide a useful tool for providing information about the state of stability of faults. Few studies have been conducted to explore the distinct behavior of tidal sensitivity with foreshock-mainshock-aftershock sequences. In this study, we integrated Schuster's test and <i>b</i> value to examine the correlation between tidally induced stresses and the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence. Schuster's results show a strong correlation between tidal stresses and foreshocks and a weak correlation with aftershocks. The spatiotemporal evolution of <i>b</i> value suggests that it is characterized by a low <i>b</i> value between the Mw 6.4 foreshock and the Mw 7.1 mainshock, and it slowly goes back to the background level after the mainshock. The low Schuster probability and <i>b</i> value indicate that the fault is under a high-stress state during the foreshock sequence, making it sensitive to tidal stress modulation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"182 6","pages":"2291 - 2301"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00024-025-03705-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145161060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PRISMA-Guided Systematic Review on the Adoption of Artificial Intelligence and Embedded Systems for Smart Irrigation","authors":"Nisrine Lachgar,&nbsp;Hajar Saikouk,&nbsp;Moad Essabbar,&nbsp;Achraf Berrajaa,&nbsp;Ahmed El Hilali Alaoui","doi":"10.1007/s00024-025-03707-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-025-03707-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sustainable agriculture requires immediate innovative strategies as climate change tightens its hold on the world's water resources, also referred to as the \"blue gold\" resources. This systematic review based on PRISMA guidelines explores how Artificial Intelligence and Embedded Systems alter the way we use this valuable resource. Two main areas are examined: (1) reference evapotranspiration estimation by AI for precision irrigation. In this work, we review current approaches and suggest a unique categorization strategy to direct future investigations in water management policy. (2) Smart agriculture using embedded systems, without more focus on irrigation systems. We analyze their components, characteristics, and the advancements, highlighting constraints and current gaps. By examining their synergistic adoption, insights into the growth of AI and Embedded Systems within smart farming is provided. The advanced system that uses AI to estimate ET accurately and combines it with embedded technologies for real-time irrigation control is fueled by this level of knowledge. This technology has enormous potential to enable sustainable water practices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"182 6","pages":"2533 - 2582"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145171607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Method for Precise Detection of Temporal Variations in the FCN Period Using Superconducting Gravity Observations","authors":"Weiwei Yang,&nbsp;Xiaoming Cui,&nbsp;Jianqiao Xu,&nbsp;Xiaodong Chen,&nbsp;Mingqiang Hou,&nbsp;Heping Sun","doi":"10.1007/s00024-025-03702-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-025-03702-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accurate determination of the parameters of the Earth’s free core nutation (FCN) provides insights into the core-mantle coupling mechanism and helps refine modeling of celestial pole offsets. Recent studies suggest that the FCN period exhibits time-varying characteristics, potentially related to core-mantle interactions, but precise detection remains challenging. Traditionally, FCN periods estimated from superconducting gravimeter (SG) observations, based on resonance phenomena in diurnal tidal waves, rely mostly on the <span>({Psi }_{1})</span> wave. However, the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the <span>({Psi }_{1})</span> wave leads to significant uncertainties in the precise detection of temporal variations in the FCN period. In this study, we propose a method that relies solely on <span>({K}_{1})</span> wave with a higher SNR, based on the sensitivity of the <span>({K}_{1})</span> wave to the time-varying FCN parameter. The simulation results show that the new method can overcome the limitations of using the <span>({Psi }_{1})</span> wave and can effectively capture the variations in the FCN period within a few days under current SG observational precision. The method is applied to observations from nine SG stations in the International Geodynamic and Earth Tide Service (IGETS) network. The results indicate that the proposed method can significantly improve the detection of temporal variation of the FCN period and can obtain results close to those of the very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) technique. This method can enhance the effective utilization of SG observations in detecting weak signals related to the dynamics of the Earth’s core.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"182 6","pages":"2317 - 2331"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145171770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Rainfall Effect on Strain Observed by Extensometers at the Jixian Seismostation in China","authors":"Lei Zhang,&nbsp;Haixia Sun,&nbsp;Liqiang An","doi":"10.1007/s00024-025-03703-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-025-03703-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Strain data at Jixian seismostation have been exhibiting long term extensional trend since installation in 2018, and with clear annual variation and accelerated change during heavy rainfall. We categorize the rainfall effect into short-term and long-term effect. Strain changes induced by heavy rainfall in short term are diverse and complex, with 2 or 3 types of responses in the same direction. The extensional trend of strain in long term is caused by a continuous effect of water storage accumulation at Jixian seismostation, as we find from linear regression between total rainfall and strain long-term variation. Loading effect and pore pressure change of the aquifer cause strain changing rapidly. The continuous accumulated waterstorage changed leads to the permanent and small extensional deformation. Such findings provide insight into the influence of rainfall on deformation and seismic precursor anomaly.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"182 5","pages":"2239 - 2252"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145171540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal and Regional Differences in the Lightning Activity Over East and West Coasts of India","authors":"N. Umakanth,&nbsp;Rupraj Biswasharma,&nbsp;D. M. Lal,&nbsp;S. D. Pawar,&nbsp;V. Gopalakrishnan","doi":"10.1007/s00024-025-03700-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-025-03700-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study analyzed lightning activity along the east and west coasts of India using Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) for a 20-year period (1995–2014). For this study, we divided the coasts into four sub-regions with 5° × 5° grid resolution: R1 &amp; R2 on the west coast (Maharashtra &amp; Goa, Kerala respectively) and R3 &amp; R4 on the east coast (Tamil Nadu &amp; Southern Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal &amp; Orissa respectively). To understand the factors influencing these different regional patterns, we investigated various meteorological parameters such as rainfall, wind, specific humidity, brightness temperature (BT), Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE), lifted index (LI), K-index (KI) and total totals index (TTI). During the pre-monsoon months, R4 on the east coast and R2 (Kerala) on the west coast displayed the most lightning activity compared to other regions. However, during monsoon R3 and R4 on the east coast displayed the most lightning activity. Both coasts exhibited peaks in CAPE coinciding with peaks in lightning activity, suggesting CAPE plays a role in modulating lightning characteristics. The convergence of moisture transporting south-easterlies and westerlies potentially contributes to its high pre-monsoon lightning activity over R4. In contrast, westerly winds might influence post-monsoon activity in the western and southern regions (R2 &amp; R3). The study also revealed a potential association between regional variations in lightning activity and the width of the mixed-phase region, along with its Ice water content (IWC) and Liquid water content (LWC). Conversely, rainfall is positively correlated with higher LWC in the lower atmosphere rather than in the mixed-phase region. Our findings underscore the importance of continuous lightning monitoring in dynamic coastal regions to deepen our understanding of these natural phenomena and enhance lightning prediction and safety measures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"182 4","pages":"1799 - 1823"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismicity in the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau: Insights from Geodynamic Modelling","authors":"Xinpeng Qiu,&nbsp;Changyong Chen,&nbsp;Yifen Ke,&nbsp;Yunqiang Sun","doi":"10.1007/s00024-025-03697-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-025-03697-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is imperative to analyze, understand, and evaluate seismic hazards in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau due to the frequent strong earthquakes. In this study, we construct a three-dimensional viscoelastic finite element model to calculate the co- and post-seismic Coulomb stress changes caused by the regional historical strong earthquake sequence with <i>M</i> ≥ 7.0, spanning from 1561 to 1927. Our results indicate that preceding earthquake sequences cause a stress loading effect near the hypocenters of subsequent earthquakes, suggesting that the interaction between major earthquakes could be a crucial factor contributing to earthquake clusters. We then analyze the recurrence patterns of earthquakes within the regional fault system combined with the synthetic seismic catalog and the available regional seismic data. We find the recurrence intervals of earthquakes are unevenly distributed on different faults or different segments of the same fault. Finally, we analyze regional future seismic hazards combined with Coulomb stress changes and earthquake recurrence interval. Our assessment highlights that the elapsed time since the last strong earthquake on the Maomaoshan fault, Laohushan fault, western Tianqiaogou-Huangyangchuan fault, central Yunwushan fault, and southern Huanghe fault is approaching their respective recurrence intervals. Additionally, these regions have experienced marked Coulomb stress increases resulting from the historical earthquake sequence, indicating an elevated risk of future seismic activity on these faults. The numerical modeling here can provide scientific insights into the assessments of regional seismic hazard potential.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"182 5","pages":"1931 - 1948"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geophysical Study of Crustal Deformation Using Gravity Data: Muzaffarabad and Adjoining Regions in Azad Jammu and Kashmir","authors":"Arooj Zulqranan,&nbsp;Michal Šprlák,&nbsp;Muhammad Rustam Khan,&nbsp;Fahad Hameed","doi":"10.1007/s00024-025-03692-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-025-03692-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present research utilizes the gravity method to investigate Muzaffarabad and its adjacent areas in Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Qualitative analysis included creating various maps such as Bouguer anomaly, free air anomaly, elevation, residual Bouguer anomaly, and regional Bouguer anomaly maps, while quantitative interpretation included computing a geological model along the selected profile A-A’. Although effective in revealing subsurface structural features and the thickness of the sedimentary-metasedimentary wedge, the gravity method is limited by its non-uniqueness and reliance on supplementary geological and geophysical data. The study identified two major faults: the Muzaffarabad Fault (MF) and the Bagh Basement Fault (BBF). The NW–SE contour trend in the north indicates the MF, while the western part shows the Jhelum strike-slip fault trend. The BBF extends from Mahoter to Shahdara and reaches Moho depth. The geological model demarcates the MF within the Miocene Murree Formation, dipping at 49° and connecting with a detachment fault. These tectonically active faults pose a risk of moderate to high-magnitude earthquakes, as evidenced by numerous active landslides and fault-induced deformation. The identification of hanging wall areas of the MF and BBF as unsuitable for heavy structures provides a basis for safer site selection and infrastructure design, while footwall areas, being more stable, are better suited for lightweight constructions. Despite the challenges of non-uniqueness and data dependency, these findings contribute to seismic hazard assessment and advance civil engineering by enabling resilient design strategies, informing sustainable development, and mitigating disaster risks in this earthquake-prone region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"182 6","pages":"2303 - 2315"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D Inversion of Controlled-Source Electromagnetic Data for Coalbed Methane Exploration in Southern Yanchuan","authors":"Hong Li,&nbsp;Hongwei Yin,&nbsp;Wenlong Gao,&nbsp;Pengfei Xiao","doi":"10.1007/s00024-025-03699-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-025-03699-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Coal-measure natural gas exploration is of great significance for developing the global natural gas industry. To explore the feasibility of 3D controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotelluric (CSAMT) inversion for coalbed methane (CBM) exploration in southern Yanchuan, we collected orthogonal dual-source CSAMT data. The inversion algorithm uses the Data Space Conjugate Gradient (DCG) method. The research mainly includes three aspects: (1) The influence of orthogonal dual-source tensor and scalar observations on the inversion results of 3D CSAMT are analyzed; and (2) based on the geological formation of the known boreholes, the deep formation is calibrated according to the large differences in physical properties between CBM and surrounding rocks, left and right monoclinic structures, and relatively simple geological structure in the southern Yanchuan experimental work area. A 3D CSAMT inversion initial model constrained by the known formation information is established. The final results show that, compared with scalar observations, the 3D CSAMT inversion results of tensor observations can efficiently delineate the spatial location of anomalies; the initial model of the 3D CSAMT inversion is constrained by the boreholes in the survey area, which improves the compatibility between the 3D CSAMT inversion results and the actual geological stratigraphic information in the southern Yanchuan work area. The results show that the method has high reliability and can be popularized and applied in southern Yanchuan and similar regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"182 5","pages":"2153 - 2167"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00024-025-03699-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145168681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis on Deformation Characteristics of Environmental Load at Anqiu Station","authors":"Wang Lexing,&nbsp;Zhang Xiaotong,&nbsp;Liu Qingchao,&nbsp;Jiang Ying,&nbsp;Zhao Yingang,&nbsp;Sun Qingwen,&nbsp;Zhou Hao,&nbsp;Zhai Dulin,&nbsp;Xiao Chi,&nbsp;Liu Ziwei","doi":"10.1007/s00024-025-03695-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-025-03695-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Anqiu seismic monitoring station is located on the Tanlu Fault Zone in eastern China, an area where the tectonic activity of the fault has been a central focus of research and monitoring by the China Earthquake Administration. This paper investigates mass loading and tectonic deformation patterns using superconducting gravity data, GNSS data, and water level measurements from the Anqiu station, along with geophysical fluid loading products provided by the IERS Associated Product Centre Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ Potsdam. The primary objective is to understand how various loadings—such as surface hydrological, non-tidal atmospheric, non-tidal oceanic, and groundwater loading—affect gravity and deformation at this site. The results show that surface hydrological loading can induce gravity changes up to 2 µGal. A joint analysis of non-tidal atmospheric and non-tidal oceanic loads, using a infinite-layer model of vertical deformation, reveals interannual gravity variations of approximately 3 µGal, strongly correlating with residuals from superconducting gravity data, albeit with a phase shift of about 10 h. The study also finds that vertical deformation caused by non-tidal atmospheric and surface hydrological loads is of similar magnitude, both exceeding that induced by non-tidal oceanic loads, with vertical deformations significantly greater than horizontal ones. Further, GNSS-derived vertical displacement data exhibit a negative correlation with superconducting gravity residuals, although slight discrepancies remain in the detailed variations. After removing non-tidal and hydrological influences, the annual gravity variation is approximately 7 µGal. Subtracting groundwater influences leaves a residual gravity change of about 3 µGal, which may be linked to tectonic activity along the Anqiu-Juxian fault zone. These findings offer valuable insights into the geodynamics of the region and contribute to assessing potential geological hazards.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"182 4","pages":"1601 - 1616"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00024-025-03695-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Deformation Field Characteristics from the 2016 Kumamoto Mw 7.1 Earthquake Based on Multisource Remote Sensing Technology","authors":"Qingyun Zhang,&nbsp;Jingfa Zhang,&nbsp;Yongsheng Li,&nbsp;Bingquan Li,&nbsp;Quancai Xie,&nbsp;Sanming Luo","doi":"10.1007/s00024-025-03694-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-025-03694-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Kumamoto earthquake is analyzed, mainly on the basis of InSAR data combined with strong earthquake and <span>GNSS</span> data, using a variety of joint InSAR methods and multisource data solution methods and by comprehensively considering the normalization and weighting of multisource data. The three-dimensional (3D) deformation field is determined. The results show that the joint solution with multisource data can improve the accuracy of the 3D solution deformation results to a certain extent. According to the 3D solution results, the maximum east–west deformation caused by the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake was approximately 2 m; the manifestations in the north–south direction were mainly characterized by expansion and stretching; the northwestern side subsided vertically, with a maximum subsidence of 2 m; and the southeastern side was uplifted. The horizontal deformation characteristics reveal that the earthquake was dominated by right-lateral strike-slip; the strike was NE–SW oriented, and the Futagawa fault has several normal fault properties. By analyzing the co-seismic 3D deformation field, seismogenic faults can be better understood, which provides a foundation for studying seismic mechanisms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"182 4","pages":"1409 - 1425"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}