pure and applied geophysics最新文献

{"title":"Temporal Analysis of the Contamination Plume from the Bauru Landfill","authors":"Marina Fernandes Sanches Barros,&nbsp;Mariana Barbosa Juarez,&nbsp;Andrea Teixeira Ustra,&nbsp;Heraldo Luiz Giacheti,&nbsp;Marcelo Cesar Stangari,&nbsp;Vagner Roberto Elis","doi":"10.1007/s00024-026-04041-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-026-04041-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Improper disposal of municipal solid waste is a major source of soil and groundwater contamination, posing risks to ecosystems and public health. In this context, continuous and low-impact monitoring techniques are essential for tracking contaminant plume evolution around landfill sites. This study aims to evaluate the temporal evolution of a leachate-contamination plume at the Bauru Municipal Landfill (São Paulo State, Brazil) by integrating geoelectrical and hydrochemical data collected at different times. The analysis combines Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) data obtained in 2008 using the direct-current (DC) method with new surveys conducted in 2022 using capacitive resistivity (CR), which allows resistivity measurements without electrode insertion and enables rapid, minimally invasive data acquisition. These geophysical datasets were integrated with groundwater chemical analyses from 2006 and 2023, focusing on electrical conductivity and major dissolved ions. The results reveal an expansion of low-resistivity zones beyond the landfill boundaries, preferentially in the east–northwest direction, consistent with regional groundwater flow. Time-lapse comparison indicates an increase in the spatial extent and intensity of conductive anomalies between 2008 and 2022, accompanied by significant rises in chloride and major cation concentrations (Na⁺, K⁺, and Ca²⁺), confirming the progressive influence of leachate migration within the aquifer. These findings demonstrate that leachate impact has not only persisted after landfill closure but has intensified over time. The strong agreement between geoelectrical and hydrochemical data highlights the robustness of the integrated approach for long-term environmental monitoring. In addition, the CR method proved to be particularly suitable for repeated surveys due to its operational efficiency and reduced surface disturbance, supporting its application in routine monitoring programs and in the assessment of containment system performance and remediation strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"183 8","pages":"4159 - 4177"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00024-026-04041-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acceleration Response Spectra for Iran: A Comparative Analysis of Ground Motion Databases including Iranian, Turkey, and PEER Records","authors":"F. Mahdavianfard,&nbsp;M. Zare,&nbsp;H. Zafarani","doi":"10.1007/s00024-026-04036-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-026-04036-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates acceleration response spectra (ARS) resulting from different strong-motion databases, including Iranian, Turkey, and worldwide records. The study examined 5603 time histories from 404 shallow crustal earthquakes with a moment magnitude greater than M5.0, recorded by 1366 accelerometer stations. Site categorization follows the Iranian seismic design code (Standard No. 2800) procedure which is based on V_S30 (the time-averaged shear-wave velocity to 30 m depth). The ARS with a damping ratio of 5% was computed using 1913 Iranian time histories from 189 earthquakes with moment magnitudes greater than M5.0 at distances up to 80 km. The ARS from other datasets were also calculated and plotted in the same soil type using strong motion data from Turkey (AFAD) and important shallow crustal events around the world (PEER). The study reveals a mild discrepancy between derived record-based spectra for Iran and Standard No. 2800 spectra for different soil classes, particularly in softer ones. The near-field results demonstrate that with increasing in magnitudes, the response spectrum’s peak periods tend to increase at intermediate periods. In the analysis of near-field spectra, the proposed spectrum is significantly higher than the Iranian seismic design code (Standard No. 2800) spectrum in the short- and medium-period range for site class 2, indicating non-conservatism in current designing of short- and medium-rise structures in the near fault region. According to the conducted near-field investigations, it seems that from the statistical point of view, there is no need to apply the near-field coefficient in the standard No. 2800 spectrum.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"183 8","pages":"4025 - 4068"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Trends and Variability in Global and Diffuse Solar Radiation Over India","authors":"Somnath Mahato,&nbsp;Pushpa Saroja,&nbsp;Vijai Kumar,&nbsp;Anjit Anjan,&nbsp;Vijai Kumar Soni,&nbsp;D. S. Pai","doi":"10.1007/s00024-026-04037-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-026-04037-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Surface solar radiation (SSR) changes are of significance to the understanding of the atmospheric processes and regional climate variability. This study aims to provide a detailed analysis of the variations of both global and diffuse solar radiation in India over the past 54 years, based on the observations obtained from 12 stations of India Meteorological Department (IMD) across various parts of the country using quality-controlled pyranometers. To make sure the long-term data set is reliable and consistent, a systematic multi-stage data screening framework was implemented, such as removing outlier values by using IQR, excluding stations with more than 30% missing data, and performing extra data consistency checks for abrupt variability. Results show that there is a statistically significant reduction in solar radiation at all stations with the range of trends between − 0.42 and − 1.07 W m^–2 yr^–1 and maximum reduction in solar radiation is seen over New Delhi. On the contrary, the diffuse components of solar radiation show generally very small and spatially scattered positive trends, for which statistically significant tendencies can be found at a few stations. Seasonal analyses show that in monsoon season, diffuse radiation increases, indicating that the scattering effect of clouds may modulate the radiation components on the surface. Longer time series available until 2023 allows better characterization of the variability in the recent period and also shows high regional gradient in the radiation trends over India. The reductions were greater at stations from the north and west where the aerosol loading and urban emissions over the Indo Gangetic Plain are higher, with moderate changes at stations at coastal/southern stations, due to maritime and monsoonal effects. ERA5 reanalysis data supports this analysis, showing a statistically significant but relatively weak negative correlation between cloud cover and SSR in the recent period from 2001 to 2023 (r =  − 0.22, p &lt; 0.001), suggesting some of the observed variability in the recent period is due to the cloud variability. These findings offer a valuable observational baseline for monitoring long-term SSR variations across India, along with recent research, and reveal significant spatial variability and dynamic radiation patterns. The results of this study highlight the need for future multi-variate analysis using aerosols, cloud properties and atmospheric moisture to better parameterize the drivers of long-term radiation variability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"183 8","pages":"4187 - 4199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lightning Behavior and Its Relationship with Topography, Precipitation, and Land Use in the São Francisco River Basin","authors":"Samuel Amorim Silva,&nbsp;Weber Andrade Gonçalves,&nbsp;Lizando Pereira de Abreu,&nbsp;Douglas Leonardo Sales Pedrosa,&nbsp;Evandro Moimaz Anselmo,&nbsp;Enrique Vieira Mattos,&nbsp;Moisés Elias Nascimento Rufino da Costa,&nbsp;Glenda Yasmin Pereira de Carvalho,&nbsp;Bruno Felipe Moreira Lima,&nbsp;Daniele Tôrres Rodrigues,&nbsp;Vitória Régia Silva de Souza,&nbsp;Thiago Gonçalves da Silva","doi":"10.1007/s00024-026-04050-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-026-04050-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study quantifies how topographic features influence lightning activity in the São Francisco River Basin, Brazil, filling a critical gap by establishing previously unavailable thresholds. A 16-year climatology (1998–2013) was developed using LIS/TRMM lightning data, ASTER GDEM topography, CHIRPS precipitation, and MapBiomas land use, all standardized to a 0.1° grid. The analysis integrates elevation, slope, aspect, and land use with lightning flash rate density (FRD) and precipitation. Results show a non-linear response of lightning to topography, with a 261.7% increase in FRD above 517.14 m during the dry season, and additional thresholds of 45.4% above 601.96 m (spring) and 24.9% above 583.14 m (summer). Lightning hotspots range from 29.2 to 39.9 flashes km^–2 yr^–1, with the maximum value recorded in São Desidério (BA), concentrated in the Western Bahia Plateau (Cluster 04). A seasonal shift is identified, with large-scale thermodynamics dominating in the wet season and topographic forcing controlling lightning activity in the dry season. Ultimately, this study establishes a robust quantitative framework for the terrain–lightning relationship, highlighting zones of elevated risk for expanding agricultural activities in the basin.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"183 9","pages":"4909 - 4935"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00024-026-04050-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148985343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reservoir Characterization of the Upper Rudeis Formation Using Petrophysical, Pressure Testing, and CMR Logs: A Case Study from the Western Offshore July Field, Gulf of Suez","authors":"Abdelbaset M. Abudeif,&nbsp;Hesham Zahra,&nbsp;Miguel A. Santoyo,&nbsp;Nouran S. Salama,&nbsp;Nasir Alarifi,&nbsp;Fathy Abdalla","doi":"10.1007/s00024-026-04039-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-026-04039-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents an integrated petrophysical evaluation of the Early Miocene Upper Rudeis reservoir within the Asl and Hawara formations in the western offshore July Field, Gulf of Suez. The study is supplemented by formation pressure measurements from RFT/MDT equipment and is based on wireline logs (gamma-ray, resistivity, density, neutron, and sonic), dipmeter data, and sophisticated petrophysical methods such as Pickett plot analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance (CMR) logging. The findings show that the two formations’ reservoir qualities differ significantly. The thinly laminated, fine-grained sandstones that make up the Asl Formation are interbedded with limestone and shale, which results in low effective porosity (generally &lt; 10%) and high water saturation (up to 100%), indicating poor reservoir potential. The Hawara Formation, on the other hand, shows more heterogeneity, with water saturation as low as 7% in cleaner sandstone intervals and effective porosity as high as 24%, indicating the potential hydrocarbon-bearing zones. While variations in bulk volume water (BVW) reflect changes in pore-size distribution and fluid behavior, Pickett plot analysis shows consistent formation water resistivity (Rw = 0.045 Ω m) and cementation exponent (m ≈ 2.0). Dipmeter measurements contribute to the observed heterogeneity by supporting the interpretation of gravity-driven and channelized depositional systems. By highlighting reservoir compartmentalization and restricted vertical connection, the integration of CMR and RFT/MDT data improves the evaluation of permeability and fluid distribution. The results show that lithological heterogeneity and depositional facies are the main factors influencing reservoir quality, with the Hawara Formation serving as the primary exploration target despite its discontinuous nature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"183 8","pages":"4133 - 4158"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the Performance of Single and Hybrid Machine Learning Models for Estimating Pan Evaporation Across Climatically and Structurally Diverse Reservoirs","authors":"Boukemache Khaoula,&nbsp;Marouf Nadir,&nbsp;Batout Soumia,&nbsp;Binh Thai Pham","doi":"10.1007/s00024-026-04044-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-026-04044-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Evaporation is a crucial part of the water cycle and is significantly influenced by weather conditions, particularly temperature. In this study, we evaluated the performance of seven machine learning models in predicting monthly pan evaporation (EP) (mm) across five reservoir dams in northeastern Algeria, which vary significantly in design, hydro-climatic conditions, and operational purposes. The models included Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Classification and Regression Trees (CART), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Random Forest (RF), and Support Vector Machines (SVM), as well as RF and SVM optimized using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), resulting in the hybrid RF-PSO and SVM-PSO models. The methods were trained using air temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), and wind speed (m/s) characteristics of the study dam reservoirs, and were evaluated using five performance metrics (RMSE, MAE, NSE, and R²) and visually compared with Taylor diagrams. All models showed good performance, with RF and RF-PSO consistently providing the highest accuracy. The results showed that RF-PSO and RF consistently outperformed other models across all five reservoirs, with testing RMSE ranging from 0.038 mm to 0.112 mm, R² values between 0.737 and 0.983, and NSE typically exceeding 0.9, demonstrating strong robustness and generalization. SVM also performed reliably, reaching R² values up to 0.985 in some sites. In contrast, the hybrid SVM-PSO model, despite achieving excellent training accuracy, showed unstable testing performance in several reservoirs, indicating sensitivity to PSO-based parameter tuning. ANN and CART achieved moderate accuracy (testing R² = 0.648–0.957; NSE = 0.615–0.946), while KNN exhibited pronounced overfitting, achieving perfect performance during training (RMSE = 0; R² = 1.0; NSE = 1.0) but experiencing a considerable decline in performance during the testing phase. By applying machine learning models across climatically and structurally diverse reservoirs, our study demonstrated the superiority and adaptability of two RF variants, the single RF and the hybrid RF-PSO models, for EP modeling in heterogeneous environments. The results highlight the need for site-specific calibration and provide a methodological foundation to support water resource management, dam operation, and evaporation estimation under variable and data-scarce climatic conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"183 8","pages":"4269 - 4289"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Convection Permitting Rainfall Forecast Over South Peninsular India During Northeast Monsoon Season","authors":"Jyoti Bhate,&nbsp;G. Pavani,&nbsp;Amit Kesarkar","doi":"10.1007/s00024-026-04026-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-026-04026-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The high-resolution rainfall forecast was generated using ARW-WRF for the NE monsoon season for 2022 and 2023. The model forecast was available for 12 km, 4 km, 1.33 km and 0.44 km. Rainfall is a crucial parameter in weather forecasting because it strongly influences agricultural activities. In the present study, the skill of kilometre- and sub-kilometre-scale rainfall forecasting has been investigated by validating against GPM, IMD-merged, and CHIRPS rainfall. In addition, the rainfall forecasts over Ananthapur and Sri Sathya Sai districts have been verified with AWS rainfall data and bias-correction techniques are demonstrated to improve the forecast accuracy. For a 1.33 km resolution forecast over South Peninsular India during the OND of 2022 and 2023, the model consistently showed higher RMSE values over oceanic areas, notably over the southwest BoB, and exhibited a wet bias across much of the southern Peninsula land region. Moreover, wet bias tendency increased with the increase of forecast lead time, particularly over oceanic regions. It is also seen that the model tends to overestimate the frequency of light rain events and underestimate the frequency of heavy rain events with respect to GPM rainfall. For a 0.44 km resolution forecast over South Andhra Pradesh during OND 2022 and 2023, a wet bias is observed over the interior parts and a dry bias is noticed over the coastal region. The forecast skill scores are calculated for all resolutions over the south Andhra Pradesh (12° to 16°N, 77° to 81°E). The probability of detection decreased with increasing resolution and false alarm ratio decreased with increasing resolution. The overall accuracy for 2022 is 74%, and that for 2023 is 70%. The Taylor diagram analysis over the south Andhra Pradesh indicates that 4 km and 1.33 km resolution forecasts shows the best overall agreement with observations in terms of spatial variability and RMSE, whereas 0.44 km resolution forecast exhibits higher correlation but reduced spatial variability. The location-specific 0.44 km forecast is assessed using AWS data over Anantapur and Sri Sathya Sai districts for OND 2022. The location-specific rainfall forecast for all lead times shows 75% accuracy. Quantile Mapping and Random Forest (RF) bias correction methods were applied to improve the rainfall forecasts and it was found that the RF based approach showed a lower RMSE (about 14% reduction) over the study region during the evaluation period.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"183 8","pages":"4307 - 4336"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148752059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curie Point Depth Analysis Reveals Geothermal Potential in Ulu Slim Hydrothermal Environment, Western Malaysia","authors":"Maryam Lawan,&nbsp;Noer El Hidayah Ismail","doi":"10.1007/s00024-026-04031-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-026-04031-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding the geothermal structure of Malaysia is intriguing and essential for assessing its renewable energy potential; so far, limited studies have constrained the depth to the Curie isotherm and associated heat flow. This study has investigated the geothermal potential of the Ulu Slim Hot Spring in a non-volcanic setting and emphasized the role of the granitic intrusions and the structural controls in sustaining an anomalous high heat flow. The spectral analysis of the aeromagnetic data has revealed that shallow Curie Point Depths (CPDs) are consistent with elevated geothermal gradients (GG) and heat flow (HF). The thermal anomalies, together with the surface hot spring manifestations, indicate a shallow hydrothermal system. The result of the study highlights a regional scale CPD values across the study area, which range from 12 to 33 km with an average value of 28 km, the geothermal gradients range between 18 to 49 °C/km, and the heat flow values range from 39 to 107 mW/m² with an average value of 49 mW/m². The results of this study have isolated the zones of high geothermal potential, which are characterized by shallow CPD, high geothermal gradient, and elevated surface heat flow, and the findings have established a framework for future geothermal exploration and resource development in Malaysia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"183 7","pages":"3403 - 3420"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00024-026-04031-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148614884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring and Assessing Intense Rainfall Episodes Over Patna Using Satellite Data","authors":"Mala Sinha,&nbsp;Swagata Payra,&nbsp;Mili Ghosh Nee Lala,&nbsp;Navneet Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s00024-026-04034-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-026-04034-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Early detection and monitoring of intense rainfall is essential to protect at-risk communities. This study aims to: (1) assess the use of satellite-derived Cloud Top Height (CTH) and Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) in detecting extreme rainfall; (2) link these atmospheric parameters directly to rainfall intensity and flood impacts; and (3) establish a multi-sensor urban flood monitoring framework for data-sparse regions, using Patna, Bihar, as a primary case study. ERA-5 reanalysis product Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) was also taken into consideration to distinguish between active rainfall-producing convection and non-precipitating cloud systems. Using six gridded rainfall datasets (ERA5, INSAT-3D IMR/HEM, CHIRPS, GPM, GPCP) and Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)-derived cloud parameters, the study captures the spatial–temporal variability of four major intense rainfall events (1997, 2007, 2013, 2019) that triggered severe flooding in Patna. Strong correlations were observed between atmospheric indicators-particularly CTH OLR, CAPE and rainfall intensity, addressing the limitations of earlier studies that relied on single rainfall products or short-term analyzes. To further validate this relationship, a comparative analysis has been conducted by integrating AVHRR based CTH and OLR across 25 Indian cities over a long-term period (1986–2019), representing a largely unexplored inter-city, long-term assessment in urban flood studies. The analysis indicates that CTH ≥ 17 km and OLR ≤ 160 W/m² consistently preceded extreme rainfall events. Further, the 2019 Patna flood, which inundated ~ 30% of the city, was analyzed using a detailed multi-sensor approach integrating rainfall, atmospheric indicators, soil moisture, and Sentinel-1 based flood mapping. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of combining atmospheric and land-surface parameters for detecting and characterising intense rainfall events and provide a scalable framework for satellite-based flood preparedness in data-scarce urban environments. These results strengthen the linkage between atmospheric behaviour, land-surface response, and flood impacts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"183 7","pages":"3763 - 3798"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148614430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pollard’s Exact Solution for Geophysical Internal Waves with Centripetal Forces","authors":"Yi Guan","doi":"10.1007/s00024-026-04029-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00024-026-04029-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study formulates the governing equations for internal geophysical flows under the influence of centripetal forces at any latitude in the <span>(f-)</span>plane approximation and conducts a detailed analysis of the model. The Pollard exact solution for nonhydrostatic geophysical internal waves across diverse layers is elaborated. Furthermore, a implicit description of the dispersion relation of this solution within Layer <i>M</i>(<i>t</i>) is provided. We have compared the pressure and dispersion relation with those presented in Reference (McCarney, 2024), wherein the model fails to account for the centripetal force.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21078,"journal":{"name":"pure and applied geophysics","volume":"183 7","pages":"3453 - 3462"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148614547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}