Radiation and Environmental Biophysics最新文献

{"title":"Sensitivity of effective dose to changes in tissue weighting factors.","authors":"Thomas Otto","doi":"10.1007/s00411-025-01143-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00411-025-01143-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Effective dose E is the radiological protection quantity for stochastic health effects from whole-body exposure to ionising radiation. It is defined as a weighted sum of average absorbed doses in 15 selected tissues (organs), with weighting factors for radiation effectiveness and tissue sensitivity. This paper analyses the sensitivity of effective dose E with respect to the tissue weighting factors [Formula: see text]. It shows that a change of any single weighting factor by 100% results in relative changes of effective dose by a few percent for photons above an energy of 50 keV and for neutrons. Larger variations are observed for neutrons with an energy around 1 MeV and photons with low energies. The organs close to the body surface, breast and skin, are identified as the cause for these larger variations. Absolute changes of effective dose remain small, with exception for persons predominately exposed to low-energy photon radiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":21002,"journal":{"name":"Radiation and Environmental Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigations of gamma ray shielding properties of TeO₂-MoO₃-Nb₂O₅ glasses.","authors":"Mohammadreza Alipoor","doi":"10.1007/s00411-025-01142-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00411-025-01142-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study provides an analysis of glass composed of TeO₂, MoO₃, and Nb₂O₅, focusing on its gamma ray shielding capabilities. The assessment of these capabilities was conducted using Geant4 simulations, which evaluated parameters such as the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), transmission fractions, effective atomic number, half-value layer (HVL), and exposure buildup factor for photon energies ranging from 0.015 to 10 MeV. The comparison between the theoretical values obtained from Phy-X software and the simulated values from Geant4 revealed a deviation of less than 2%, indicating strong agreement across all glass samples at the examined energy levels. The MAC values for the selected samples varied from 35.57 to 0.034 cm²/g, with glasses G-2 and G-3 demonstrating the highest values. The results for the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) indicated that as photon energy increased, the ability of photons to penetrate the glass also increased. At 662 keV, the LAC values of the tellurite glass were compared with those of lead glasses, revealing that G-3 and G-2 exhibited attenuation results comparable to 20% Pb glass. The analysis of the HVL indicated that the selected glasses showed values almost equal to other tellurite glasses containing lead and tungsten, highlighting their effective performance. Additionally, the findings demonstrated that the transmission factor rises with increasing photon energy. The radiation shielding efficiency results indicated that thicker glass samples absorb more photons, resulting in reduced radiation transmission and enhanced radiation protection effectiveness (RPE). The findings show that the radiation shielding efficiency for energies below 150 kV is close to 100%. The glasses made from TeO₂, MoO₃, and Nb₂O₅ are considered highly promising for applications requiring effective shielding against high-energy photons, while also maintaining high radiation shielding efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":21002,"journal":{"name":"Radiation and Environmental Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Oligo-Fucoidan as a potentially beneficial adjunct to BNCT in a novel oral cancer and precancer experimental model.","authors":"Mónica A Palmieri, Jessica A Goldfinger, Paula S Ramos, Agustina M Portu, Julia S Viglietti, Emiliano C C Pozzi, Silvia I Thorp, Paula Curotto, Juan S Guidobono, Marcela A Garabalino, Verónica A Trivillin, Amanda E Schwint, Andrea Monti Hughes","doi":"10.1007/s00411-025-01141-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00411-025-01141-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The high mortality and morbidity of Head and Neck cancer patients and the toxicity associated to oncological treatments suggest the need for more selective and non-toxic therapies. BNCT (Boron Neutron Capture Therapy) is based on the capture reaction between boron-10, selectively targeted to tumor tissue, and a thermal neutron. In this study, an oral cancer and precancer model was used to study the therapeutic effect and radiotoxicity of BNCT mediated by BPA (boronphenylalanine) [BPA-BNCT] at short and medium-term follow-up. Oligo-Fucoidan, an extract of Laminaria japonica brown seaweed, was evaluated as a potentially beneficial adjunct to BPA-BNCT. Hamsters were chemically cancerized over 8 weeks. Tumor bearing hamsters were assigned to: (CONTROL) cancerized, sham-irradiated group; BPA-BNCT 3 Gy absorbed dose to precancerous tissue; BPA-BNCT 3 Gy + Oligo-Fucoidan (200 mg/kg/day, for 16 days). Neutron irradiation was performed at the RA-3 Nuclear Reactor 3 h post administration of BPA (15.5 mg ¹⁰B/kg). Boron biodistribution and microdistribution studies were performed in BPA and BPA + Oligo-Fucoidan groups. Oligo-Fucoidan did not reduce either the incidence of moderate/severe mucositis or reduced the percentage of animals with new tumors in precancerous tissue. Oligo-Fucoidan did enhance BPA-BNCT-induced tumor response at one month (67-94%) and three months after BNCT (42-81%). To understand this effect, boron biodistribution and microdistribution studies were performed. They demonstrated a slight tendency of Oligo-Fucoidan to increase boron concentration in tumors. Oligo-Fucoidan, used in humans and clinical veterinary patients, would be a potentially beneficial adjunct to BNCT.</p>","PeriodicalId":21002,"journal":{"name":"Radiation and Environmental Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144874972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Astronaut dose coefficients calculated using GEANT4 and comparison with ICRP123.","authors":"Long Chen, Xuemei Chen, Ran Huo, Songying Xu, Weiwei Xu","doi":"10.1007/s00411-025-01126-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00411-025-01126-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fluence-to-dose conversion coefficients are fundamental ingredients to calculate astronaut radiation dose in space. For this purpose, the conversion coefficients for isotropic radiation provided by the International Commission on Radiological Protection in Publication 123 (ICRP123) are widely used. Understanding the uncertainties in these coefficients is important for a precise calculation of radiation dose. In this work, we present a systematic study of unshielded dose coefficients calculated by means of the GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulation toolkit and the human voxel phantoms defined in ICRP Publication 110. Four GEANT4 physics lists, featured with two variations of electromagnetic and two variations of hadronic interaction models, were used in the study. Absorbed dose and dose equivalent coefficients with both the ICRP60 and NASA quality factors were calculated, for individual cosmic nuclei with charge from Z <math><mo>=</mo></math> 1 to Z <math><mo>=</mo></math> 28 and a kinetic energy range from 1 MeV/n to 100 GeV/n. The effective dose equivalent rates in free space at 1 AU were then calculated for each set of dose coefficients. The four effective dose equivalent rates calculated with each physics list agreed within <math><mrow><mo>±</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo>%</mo></mrow> </math> , and on average they were larger than the ICRP123 results by <math><mrow><mo>∼</mo> <mn>7</mn> <mo>%</mo></mrow> </math> and <math><mrow><mo>∼</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>%</mo></mrow> </math> using the ICRP60 and the NASA quality factor, respectively. These results shed light on the systematic uncertainty of astronaut radiation exposure calculation, particularly from the physics interaction models.</p>","PeriodicalId":21002,"journal":{"name":"Radiation and Environmental Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":"391-407"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12350601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144044784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monte carlo analysis of low-energy 125I brachytherapy: implications for clinical dosimetry.","authors":"Jie Liu, Zhao Wen Quan, Omar Medhat Mostafa, M E Medhat","doi":"10.1007/s00411-025-01128-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00411-025-01128-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the primary limitations of the recommendations of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Task Group is that it does not consider attenuation effects from individual sources in multi-source brachytherapy implants. To address this issue, the inter-source effect (ISE) parameter has been introduced. In the present study the ISE is evaluated and compared for several ¹²⁵I brachytherapy sources simulating three different ¹²⁵I source models with the Geant4 code. The validity of these models was confirmed by comparing their dosimetric parameters - such as the radial dose and anisotropy functions - with those reported in previous work. The ISE parameters and corresponding attenuation factors (µ_f) were determined for each source at various distances in a three-source implant configuration. The results emphasize the importance of accounting for inter-source attenuation in clinical dosimetry to prevent dose overestimation, as ISE and µ_f are highly dependent on factors like source spacing, orientation, and implant geometry, necessitating case-specific calculations for optimal treatment planning. The present study provides critical insights for improving accuracy in dose delivery in brachytherapy, particularly for low-energy ¹²⁵I sources, and underscores the need for careful consideration of source design and configuration in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":21002,"journal":{"name":"Radiation and Environmental Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":"417-422"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indoor radon and thoron in dwellings and workplaces across three contiguous geological formations in Southwest Nigeria.","authors":"O O Awe, I C Okeyode, A O Abayomi-Alli, A O Mustapha, Chutima Kranrod, Yasutaka Omori, Masahiro Hosoda, Shinji Tokonami","doi":"10.1007/s00411-025-01135-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00411-025-01135-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The first regional survey of concurrent indoor radon and thoron measurements in Southwestern Nigeria was organized using the passive radon-thoron discriminative detectors RADUET. The measurements were carried out in various dwellings and workplaces across three geological formations within the Southwestern Nigeria basin, which consists of recent sediments in Akoka (Lagos State), cretaceous sediments known as Abeokuta formation in Ilishan (Ogun State), and basements in Alabata (Abeokuta, Ogun State). Both radon and thoron concentrations at 193 sites showed log-normal distributions, with significantly (p < 0.05) higher values of thoron than radon concentrations and a weak correlation (R = 0.224) between the two. The ranges and arithmetic means of the concentrations were 6-132 Bq m^-3and 24 ± 21 Bq m^-3for radon and 2-709 Bq m^-3 and 94 ± 124 Bq m^-3 for thoron, respectively. ANOVA results showed significant variations in radon and thoron concentrations according to the underlying geology, with radon concentrations in Ilishan (cretaceous sedimentary) significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those of Akoka (recent sedimentary) and Alabata (basement complex). No significant differences (p = 0.09) were found between thoron concentrations in Alabata and Ilishan, and both locations had significantly higher (p < 0.05) concentrations of thoron than those recorded in Akoka. A test of the influence of building types showed that radon and thoron concentrations in offices were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than those in homes. None of the thoron concentrations were zero, and almost all were higher than the corresponding radon concentrations. Some of the radon concentrations exceeded the recommended reference level of 100 Bq m^-3, but all were below the action level of 300 Bq m^-3. This study has shown that with high concentrations of thoron, its contributions should not be neglected in indoor radon measurements, particularly in the areas with old sedimentary and basement complex geology. It is noted that dose evaluation is required to quantify the relative contributions of radon and thoron to human exposures in the three locations. Meanwhile, occupants of buildings in the study areas should be encouraged to optimize indoor ventilation.</p>","PeriodicalId":21002,"journal":{"name":"Radiation and Environmental Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":"487-504"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges in the dose calculation from urine measurements in routine internal monitoring of ¹³¹I and other radionuclides.","authors":"Oliver Meisenberg, Ayesha Mohsin","doi":"10.1007/s00411-025-01129-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00411-025-01129-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The measurement of 24-hour urine samples is one of the methods of routine monitoring of intakes of radionuclides. It is briefly mentioned in relevant documents by the International Commission on Radiological Protection that for ¹³¹I the strong decrease of the excretion within the first days after an intake makes the dose calculation from urine measurements unreliable when the time pattern of the intake is unknown. This can result in a major overestimation of the committed effective dose. For quantifying the influence of the time pattern of an intake on the dose, the results of the dose calculation for an acute intake at the midpoint of a monitoring interval (standard assumption) were compared with those for a chronic intake with varying daily activity. For ¹³¹I, aerosols type F, the standard assumption of an acute intake can lead to an overestimation of the calculated dose by a factor of 140 on average as compared to a chronic intake. Among other investigated radionuclides, the strongest overestimation was found for ¹⁴C, gas/vapour type F, when measured every 180 days (factor of 330), although this method complies with current criteria from the international standard ISO 20553. It is recommended that ISO 20553 is supplemented with a criterion that describes the reliability of a monitoring method under different time patterns of an intake additional to the existing criteria. This criterion should set an upper limit for the ratio of the dose calculations under the described assumptions.</p>","PeriodicalId":21002,"journal":{"name":"Radiation and Environmental Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":"409-416"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12350530/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of novel radiation protective systems during cardiac interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Ahmed Saad Elsaeidy, Mohamed Abuelazm, Yehya Khlidj, Ahmed Mazen Amin, Ahmed Almahdy Mohamed, Obieda Altobaishat, Ahmed Abdelhalem, Muhammad Imran, Yazan AlMohtasib, Basel Abdelazeem","doi":"10.1007/s00411-025-01133-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00411-025-01133-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cumulative exposure to X-ray radiation during cardiac intervention can indeed pose various health risks. The present meta-analysis aims to compare novel radiation protective systems (drapes and X-ray shields) versus conventional safety measures on the operator's procedural radiation exposure during cardiac interventions. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed including randomized controlled trials from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, and WOS until February 2024. The random-effects model was used to report continuous outcomes using mean difference (MD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Sixteen Trials with 3,370 patients were included. Novel radiation protective systems were significantly associated with low total operator radiation dose (MD: -7.3, 95%CI [-11.9, -2.7], p < 0.01) with no significant difference between both arms regarding chest radiation dose (MD: -20.7, 95%CI [-48.9, 7.6], p = 0.15) and thyroid radiation dose (MD: -15.4, 95%CI [-32.4, 1.7], p = 0.08). Also, the novel systems were significantly associated with low air kerma (MD: -46.4, 95%CI [-87.3, 5.5], p = 0.03) and low fluoroscopy duration (MD: -0.3, 95%CI [-0.6, -0.04], p = 0.02). However, there was no difference between both arms regarding the total procedure time (MD: -0.7, 95%CI [-3.1, 1.6], p = 0.54), contrast volume (MD: -3.2, 95%CI [-10.2, 3.7], p = 0.36), and dose area product (MD: 628.4, 95% CI [-3,466.9, 4,723.8], p = 0.76). Also, no differences were found between the drape and shields subgroups in most outcomes. The present literature review showed a low to very low certainty level that novel radiation protective systems significantly reduced the total radiation dose exposure of operators and air kerma. They were also associated with lower fluoroscopy duration, insignificantly lower procedure time, and contrast volume. Given the limited available data it is concluded that novel radiation protective systems are promising, but further large-scale, multicenter, placebo-controlled randomized trials are needed to confirm the efficacy of the newly developed RPSs in lowering radiation exposure of staff in the medical setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":21002,"journal":{"name":"Radiation and Environmental Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":"355-369"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144333820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boron neutron capture therapy: a promising radiation treatment modality.","authors":"Hossam Donya, Nouf Mobarak Alzahrani, Abdulla Abdulsalam, Muhammed Umer","doi":"10.1007/s00411-025-01134-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00411-025-01134-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a progressive medical technique that combines the use of boron compounds and neutron radiation to preferentially destroy cancer cells while minimizing, but not entirely eliminating, damage to surrounding healthy tissues. This therapy relies on ¹⁰B, delivered via specific compounds, capturing neutrons and undergoing a nuclear reaction. This capture leads to the emission of high-energy alpha particles and lithium ions, which selectively damage the boron-loaded tumour cells, ultimately leading to their destruction. The key advantage of BNCT lies in its ability to deliver a highly localized and targeted treatment to cancer cells, and sparing healthy tissues from significant radiation damage due to the extremely short range of the reaction products. This makes it particularly suitable for treating certain types of tumours located in sensitive or critical areas where conventional radiation therapy is less effective or poses higher risks. In BNCT, the neutron source is a crucial component of the treatment process. Reactors and accelerators have traditionally been used as neutron sources in BNCT, while recent studies have also explored neutron generators. The success of BNCT depends on the development of effective boron delivery agents and optimized neutron sources, with recent advances in both areas expanding its clinical potential for treating challenging tumours. Recent advances in nanotechnology have introduced carbon dots as promising boron nanocarriers for BNCT. These carbon dots offer high biocompatibility and unique optical properties. Additionally, they have the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, enabling targeted brain tumour delivery and imaging. Recent progress in molecular biology and imaging technologies is enhancing our knowledge of tumour characteristics and facilitating the development of boron compounds with greater selectivity for cancer cells. The present overview presents the historical development of the two primary BNCT components, the boron compound and neutron source, as well as their potential for future applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":21002,"journal":{"name":"Radiation and Environmental Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":"339-353"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144476547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human dose estimation of a novel SPECT imaging agent using animal experimental data and Monte Carlo simulation.","authors":"Samaneh Zolghadri, Saeed Ranjbar, Fateme Taati, Arezou Karimian, Hassan Yousefnia, Yohannes Sardjono","doi":"10.1007/s00411-025-01137-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00411-025-01137-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Undoubtedly, the precise measurement and determination of the optimum delivered dose to patients during diagnostic and therapeutic procedures is essential. This study estimated the human absorbed dose of the novel GRPR-targeting single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging agent [^113mIn]In-RM2 (GRPR - gastrin-releasing peptide receptor) for potential clinical application in diagnosing GRPR-positive tumors, particularly prostate cancer, using animal experimental data and Monte Carlo simulation. The radiolabeled compound was prepared under optimized conditions using an in-house developed ¹¹³Sn/^113mIn generator, with a molar activity at least 43 GBq/µmol. The radiochemical purity of the final product was evaluated using radio-thin layer chromatography (RTLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), revealing a purity > 98%. The complex demonstrated high stability for at least three hours post-incubation. The biodistribution of the radiotracer in mice showed rapid blood clearance, with the primary excretion route being the urinary tract. Additionally, this SPECT agent showed high accumulation in GRPR-expressing organs at various time points. The time-integrated activity of animal source organs was extrapolated to human source organs using a mass-scaling method. Finally, the absorbed dose to human organs was calculated using the MCNPX software (Version 2.6.0) and a voxel-based human phantom developed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The results showed that the pancreas and kidneys received the highest absorbed doses of 0.008 ± 0.0007 and 0.0036 ± 0.0003 mGy/MBq, respectively, while all other organs received negligible doses. Moreover, this novel SPECT radiotracer exhibited lower absorbed doses in nearly all organs compared to similar radiopharmaceuticals. Overall, [^113mIn]In-RM2 can be considered a safe and promising agent for SPECT imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":21002,"journal":{"name":"Radiation and Environmental Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":"423-436"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144744489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}