Radiation and Environmental Biophysics最新文献

{"title":"CT-based radiodensity validation of a custom orbital phantom: quantitative comparison with the CIRS ATOM reference and clinical data.","authors":"Walid Allioui, Abdellah Khallouqi, Abdelali Slimani, Hamza Sekkat, Landry Fharid, Abdellah Halimi, Omar El Rhazouani","doi":"10.1007/s00411-026-01254-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00411-026-01254-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study the development and radiological validation of a custom-designed orbital anthropomorphic phantom was investigated. The phantom was intended to accurately reproduce the radiodensity of key oculo-orbital tissues in computed tomography (CT). The phantom was fabricated using epoxy-resin-based composites modified with calcium carbonate, acetone, and sodium bicarbonate to achieve tissue-equivalent attenuation properties. Four representative tissues-orbital bone, crystalline lens, extraocular muscle, and optic nerve-were simulated to obtain optimized material compositions. CT images were produced on a clinical scanner under standardized conditions (80-120 kV), and Hounsfield Unit (HU) values were measured using a consistent region-of-interest (ROI) methodology. The results were compared with those obtained from a commercial reference phantom (CIRS ATOM Adult Phantom) and a clinical dataset of 256 adult brain CT images, providing statistically robust reference values. The developed phantom demonstrated strong agreement with clinical data, particularly for soft tissues, with relative differences of - 3.83% for the eye lens, - 3.63% for muscle, and + 3.49% for the optic nerve. In contrast, the commercial phantom showed significant discrepancies for soft tissues, including - 48.31% for the eye lens and + 30.62% for the optic nerve, due to its homogeneous material composition. Both phantoms accurately reproduced bone radiodensity, with relative differences remaining below 5%. Furthermore, the developed phantom preserved tissue-specific HU differentiation across varying tube voltages, reflecting realistic energy-dependent behavior consistent with X-ray interaction mechanisms. Overall, the developed phantom provides a realistic radiological representation of the orbital region and a promising experimental platform for CT imaging and dosimetric applications, while further validation across different CT systems and acquisition protocols is warranted to establish its broader applicability.</p>","PeriodicalId":21002,"journal":{"name":"Radiation and Environmental Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Induction and persistence of chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes of pediatric participants exposed to diagnostic CT scans.","authors":"Divya K Mohan, Sudha Pattan, Venkata Sai Pulivadula Mohanarangam, Venkateswarlu Raavi, Venkatachalam Perumal","doi":"10.1007/s00411-026-01252-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00411-026-01252-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing use of computed tomography (CT) in pediatrics raises concerns about low-dose ionizing radiation and its potential to induce DNA damage, as pediatric patients are more radiosensitive and have a longer lifespan than adults. This study evaluated the induction and persistence of chromosomal aberrations (CA) in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of pediatric participants following a CT scan and examined their association with dose indices and estimated blood dose. Pediatric participants who underwent CT scans (Group 1, n = 48) and healthy pediatric volunteers (Group 2, n = 8) were included. In Group 1, blood samples were collected before and 1-2 h after the scan for CA analysis. In Group 2, blood samples were irradiated in vitro with 20, 60, and 120 mGy using fabricated phantoms to simulate CT exposures. CA were assessed using cytogenetic assays at 48 and 240 h, and stable aberrations were analyzed using multicolour fluorescence in situ hybridization (m-FISH). A significant increase in CA frequency was observed in Group 1 after CT scans compared to pre-scan levels (p < 0.001). Similarly, in vitro irradiation showed a significant dose-dependent increase in CA frequency at 48 h. However, CA frequency declined after 240 h, with no significant difference compared to controls. m-FISH analysis did not detect stable CA in either short- or long-term cultures. No correlation was found between CA frequency and age, size-specific dose estimate, or estimated blood dose, except for the dose-length product. Although CT exposure increases CA frequency, most aberrations are unstable and decline over successive cell divisions, highlighting the importance of evaluating both the induction and persistence of chromosomal damage to better understand potential long-term health consequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":21002,"journal":{"name":"Radiation and Environmental Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149031236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of X-ray image quality and scattered radiation among portable, mobile, and stationary X-ray machines.","authors":"Wantanee Wannawong, Kornkamon Chalermwiriyawat, Sasikan Kaeoklang, Panatsada Awikunprasert, Kritsada Prasomsap, Wasu Tanasoontrarat, Pipu Tavornshevin","doi":"10.1007/s00411-026-01251-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00411-026-01251-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chest radiography is a sensitive method for tuberculosis (TB) detection, and portable X-ray systems offer a practical solution for community-based screening. However, whether the image quality of portable systems is diagnostically comparable to that of mobile and stationary systems remains insufficiently addressed. This study compared image quality and ambient dose equivalent H*(10) per radiographic exposure across one portable, three mobile, and three stationary X-ray systems. Image quality was evaluated using a test object for radiography (TOR) contrast-detail phantom at acrylic thicknesses of 13 cm, 22.5 cm, and 32 cm, and using an anthropomorphic chest phantom assessed by two radiologists and one pulmonologist according to the European guidelines on quality criteria for diagnostic radiographic images. Spatial resolution, low-contrast sensitivity, and high-contrast sensitivity were analysed using AutoPIA and, where automated analysis was not possible, visual scoring with ImageJ (median values from three independent observers). Scattered radiation was quantified as ambient dose equivalent H*(10) per exposure at 1.0 m from the centre of the phantom. Values were measured directly at 1.0 m for the 13 cm and 22.5 cm acrylic thicknesses and the anthropomorphic chest phantom; for the 32 cm thickness, the 1.0 m value was estimated by inverse square law extrapolation from a measurement obtained at 1.5 m. For the TOR phantom, the portable system produced spatial resolution and contrast sensitivity values generally within the range observed for the mobile and stationary systems across the tested thickness conditions. For the anthropomorphic phantom, the portable system achieved the highest median total score (45 out of 45), with all systems meeting the defined threshold for acceptable diagnostic quality (median score of 4 or higher per criterion). H*(10) per exposure from the portable system ranged from 0.12 to 0.97 µSv across acrylic thicknesses and were within the ranges observed for the mobile and stationary systems. These findings support the potential use of the evaluated portable X-ray system for chest imaging and TB screening in community-based settings; however, the scattered-radiation measurements should be interpreted as baseline reference data, and further clinical and workload-based studies are needed to confirm real-world image quality and occupational radiation exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":21002,"journal":{"name":"Radiation and Environmental Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149002503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation of spread and dispersion of Kr and Xe noble gas radionuclides in a hypothetical accident in the Tehran Research Reactor.","authors":"Hamed Rouhi, Iraj Jabbari, Mahdi Tourang","doi":"10.1007/s00411-026-01248-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00411-026-01248-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the atmospheric transport and dispersion of radioactive materials following a nuclear accident is essential for effective emergency response and environmental monitoring. In this study, a hypothetical accident scenario involving a 10% core meltdown at the Tehran Research Reactor was analyzed. The core radionuclide inventory was first calculated using the ORIGEN 2.0 code. Subsequently, the atmospheric transport, dispersion, and deposition of released radionuclides were simulated using the HYSPLIT 5.2 model, driven by the Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) and Global Forecast System (GFS) meteorological data. Seasonal variations were investigated to evaluate concentration patterns at different distances from the release point. Particular attention was given to identifying optimal sampling locations for measuring the activity of noble gases, specifically krypton (Kr) and xenon (Xe). A novel feature of this study is the development of a spatial monitoring strategy that moves beyond traditional dose assessment to provide actionable data for emergency responders. The results indicate that, across all seasons, distances between 5 and 10 km from the reactor site provide the most suitable conditions for air sampling and noble gas activity measurements. This finding establishes a critical technical benchmark for the deployment of automated sampling systems in the event of a TRR accident.</p>","PeriodicalId":21002,"journal":{"name":"Radiation and Environmental Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148912492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiological dose assessment to marine biota from NORM-contaminated oil spills in the Strait of Malacca.","authors":"Mayeen Uddin Khandaker, Ali Taheri, Siti Fairus Abdul Sani, Zuhal Y Hamd, David Andrew Bradley","doi":"10.1007/s00411-026-01247-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00411-026-01247-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Strait of Malacca is a major global shipping corridor, yet the potential radiological impact of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) in crude oil spills remains unquantified for this region. This study extends existing static, single-scenario dose modeling of NORM-contaminated oil slicks into a systematic, multi-parameter Monte Carlo framework using the TOPAS code, applying ²²⁶Ra and ²²⁸Ra activity concentrations, oil compositions, and environmental conditions specific to the Strait of Malacca. Absorbed dose rates were evaluated in seawater and to ICRP Reference Animals and Plants (RAPs) for both surface slicks and contaminated seabed sediments, representing short- and long-term exposure phases. Absorbed dose scales linearly with spill thickness but saturates with increasing lateral extent, reflecting water-mediated photon attenuation, and up to 25% of the integrated dose is deposited beyond the visible slick boundary, indicating a measurable peripheral exposure pathway. Despite higher per-decay photon energies in the ²²⁸Ra (thorium series) decay chain, ²²⁶Ra dominates total dose under realistic activity concentrations because of its higher assumed fraction in the radium mixture. Predicted dose rates (~ 10^- 1 µGy/day) remain several orders of magnitude below established radiological benchmarks for marine biota. These findings provide a quantitative framework for interpreting NORM-related exposure in marine oil spills, support the prioritization of chemical over radiological impacts in spill response, and highlight the relevance of sediment-associated pathways for long-term assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":21002,"journal":{"name":"Radiation and Environmental Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148831567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Investigation into the foundations of the track‑event theory of cell survival and the radiation action model based on nanodosimetry.","authors":"Sonwabile Arthur Ngcezu, Hans Rabus","doi":"10.1007/s00411-026-01246-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00411-026-01246-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21002,"journal":{"name":"Radiation and Environmental Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148797582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence-based lifestyle guidance can complement radiological protection - reducing radiation-related cancer risk through lifestyle modification.","authors":"Andrzej Wojcik, Prabodha Kumar Meher, Richard Wakeford","doi":"10.1007/s00411-026-01243-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00411-026-01243-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radiological protection primarily manages exposure, yet public concern often focuses on health outcomes after exposure has occurred. This can foster fatalistic interpretations that cancer risk becomes fixed once a dose is received, contributing to anxiety and impaired well-being. Here we argue that such fatalism is not warranted: cancer risk is inherently conditional and depends on multiple determinants operating over time. Building on contemporary concepts of multistage carcinogenesis, radiation can contribute to initiation and may also influence promotion/progression through tissue responses; therefore, post-exposure conditions that affect inflammation, metabolism, hormonal milieu, and immune surveillance can plausibly modulate the probability that initiated lesions progress to clinically manifest cancer. We review epidemiological evidence - most notably for lung cancer - showing that lifestyle factors such as smoking interact with radiation-related risk, and we summarize additional human observations suggesting modulation by diet and infection status in the Life Span Study cohort of Japanese atomic bomb survivors. Controlled animal studies further support that obesity, dietary composition, caloric restriction, and physical activity can modify radiation-related cancer outcomes. We propose that evidence-based lifestyle guidance (e.g. smoking cessation, healthy weight, physical activity, alcohol moderation and supportive follow-up) should be communicated as an empowering complement to - never a substitute for - existing protection standards. Ethical implementation requires non-stigmatizing messaging and institutional support to ensure feasibility and equity.</p>","PeriodicalId":21002,"journal":{"name":"Radiation and Environmental Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148723419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leukaemia and lymphoma radiation risk models from atomic bomb survivors (1950-2001) suitable for lifetime risk calculations.","authors":"Janine Becker, Felix Heinzl, Maria Schnelzer, Peter Scholz-Kreisel, Munechika Misumi, Hiromi Sugiyama, Kyoji Furukawa, Markus Eidemüller","doi":"10.1007/s00411-026-01242-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00411-026-01242-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper updates radiation risk models for leukaemia and lymphoma incidence that can be applied to a variety of adult exposure scenarios and ages of onset of leukaemia and lymphoma, derived from the Life Span Study of atomic bomb survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Models were developed for four groups of haematological malignancies: acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML), chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), and Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (LYM). Multi-model inference methodology was applied for all groups to construct flexible radiation risk models. The models revealed complex radiation risk patterns with strong dependencies on dose, age, and sex. The ALL group showed high radio-sensitivity with risk decreasing strongly with attained age. The AML group demonstrated a strong non-linear dose response requiring special considerations for fractionated or protracted exposures. The CML model showed a strong dependence on time since exposure. Excess relative risk for the lymphoma group was smaller than other groups and displayed significant sex differences. The developed models for leukaemia and lymphoma provide robust risk predictions for a large variety of adult exposure scenarios with ionising radiation. Multi-model inference proved to be an important tool in the construction of such flexible risk models. The models can be safely used in risk assessment tools or for lifetime risk evaluations.</p>","PeriodicalId":21002,"journal":{"name":"Radiation and Environmental Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148702082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of long-term caesium-137 radioactivity in fungal species of the Czech Republic.","authors":"Daniel Šlemar, Barbora Litomiská, Pavel Řezanka","doi":"10.1007/s00411-026-01244-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00411-026-01244-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The accumulation of radionuclides in edible wild fungi represents a potential pathway of human exposure to ionising radiation. This study quantified the specific activity concentration of ¹³⁷Cs in 25 mushroom species collected from seven forest sites throughout the Czech Republic in 2023. Interspecific and spatial differences were observed. The highest activity concentrations were measured in Imleria badia, reaching up to 7,842 Bq/kg of dry mass, which is 63% below the European Union (EU) safety threshold, followed by other mycorrhizal Boletales such as Boletus edulis, Tylopilus felleus and Suillus grevillei. In contrast, Tapinella atrotomentosa, a saprotrophic member of the Boletales order with a gilled hymenophore, displayed markedly lower accumulation, indicating that both nutritional strategy and hymenophore morphology may modulate radiocaesium uptake independently of taxonomy. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests confirmed significant influence of species and locality on radiocaesium activity concentration, whereas trophic type alone was not significant. None of the analysed samples exceeded the 1,250 Bq/kg fresh mass limit set by Council Regulation Euratom 2016/52, although two I. badia samples surpassed the 600 Bq/kg fresh mass import limit of Commission Regulation (EU) 2020/1158. The estimated effective dose for an adult consumer was substantially below the annual 1 mSv dose limit, suggesting minimal radiological risk associated with wild mushroom consumption in the Czech Republic.</p>","PeriodicalId":21002,"journal":{"name":"Radiation and Environmental Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148702100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Range of dose enhancement factor for gold nanoparticles in radiotherapy using Monte Carlo simulations.","authors":"Wei Bo Li, Mario A Bernal, Ziad Francis","doi":"10.1007/s00411-026-01245-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00411-026-01245-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been widely investigated as radiosensitizers in preclinical radiotherapy studies and are now advancing into clinical trials. To enhance tumour targeting, various molecular vectors are conjugated with GNPs. The localized radiation energy deposited near GNPs mainly originates from photoelectrons, Auger electrons, x-ray fluorescence, and Compton electrons, resulting in higher tumour doses compared to conventional radiotherapy. Due to the nanometer-scale size of GNPs, the energy from secondary low-energy electrons is confined to nanometer to micrometer ranges, making direct dose measurements impractical. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are therefore commonly employed to estimate absorbed dose distributions around GNPs under different experimental conditions. However, published MC results show significant variability due to diverse simulation parameters. This review presents a quantitative analysis of reported dose distributions and dose enhancement factors (DEFs) from MC simulations. It also discusses the range of physical radiation doses and DEFs for GNPs irradiated by various radiation types, including kV/MV x-rays, synchrotrons, electrons, protons, heavy ions, and therapeutic radionuclides. To support understanding of the dose enhancement mechanisms, the underlying physical interaction processes of these radiation types with water and gold are reviewed. The range of reported DEFs helps bridge the gap between physical dose enhancement and observed biological effects. Finally, we recommend a qualitative estimate of the contribution of chemical species produced by the GNPs interactions to the consequent enhanced biological effects. This allows total dose enhancement from GNPs in radiotherapy, considering physical and chemical aspects, to be estimated using MC simulations as a complement to experiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":21002,"journal":{"name":"Radiation and Environmental Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148698020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}