Radiation and Environmental Biophysics最新文献

{"title":"Radiological dose assessment to marine biota from NORM-contaminated oil spills in the Strait of Malacca.","authors":"Mayeen Uddin Khandaker, Ali Taheri, Siti Fairus Abdul Sani, Zuhal Y Hamd, David Andrew Bradley","doi":"10.1007/s00411-026-01247-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00411-026-01247-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Strait of Malacca is a major global shipping corridor, yet the potential radiological impact of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) in crude oil spills remains unquantified for this region. This study extends existing static, single-scenario dose modeling of NORM-contaminated oil slicks into a systematic, multi-parameter Monte Carlo framework using the TOPAS code, applying ²²⁶Ra and ²²⁸Ra activity concentrations, oil compositions, and environmental conditions specific to the Strait of Malacca. Absorbed dose rates were evaluated in seawater and to ICRP Reference Animals and Plants (RAPs) for both surface slicks and contaminated seabed sediments, representing short- and long-term exposure phases. Absorbed dose scales linearly with spill thickness but saturates with increasing lateral extent, reflecting water-mediated photon attenuation, and up to 25% of the integrated dose is deposited beyond the visible slick boundary, indicating a measurable peripheral exposure pathway. Despite higher per-decay photon energies in the ²²⁸Ra (thorium series) decay chain, ²²⁶Ra dominates total dose under realistic activity concentrations because of its higher assumed fraction in the radium mixture. Predicted dose rates (~ 10^- 1 µGy/day) remain several orders of magnitude below established radiological benchmarks for marine biota. These findings provide a quantitative framework for interpreting NORM-related exposure in marine oil spills, support the prioritization of chemical over radiological impacts in spill response, and highlight the relevance of sediment-associated pathways for long-term assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":21002,"journal":{"name":"Radiation and Environmental Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148831567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Investigation into the foundations of the track‑event theory of cell survival and the radiation action model based on nanodosimetry.","authors":"Sonwabile Arthur Ngcezu, Hans Rabus","doi":"10.1007/s00411-026-01246-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00411-026-01246-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21002,"journal":{"name":"Radiation and Environmental Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148797582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence-based lifestyle guidance can complement radiological protection - reducing radiation-related cancer risk through lifestyle modification.","authors":"Andrzej Wojcik, Prabodha Kumar Meher, Richard Wakeford","doi":"10.1007/s00411-026-01243-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00411-026-01243-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radiological protection primarily manages exposure, yet public concern often focuses on health outcomes after exposure has occurred. This can foster fatalistic interpretations that cancer risk becomes fixed once a dose is received, contributing to anxiety and impaired well-being. Here we argue that such fatalism is not warranted: cancer risk is inherently conditional and depends on multiple determinants operating over time. Building on contemporary concepts of multistage carcinogenesis, radiation can contribute to initiation and may also influence promotion/progression through tissue responses; therefore, post-exposure conditions that affect inflammation, metabolism, hormonal milieu, and immune surveillance can plausibly modulate the probability that initiated lesions progress to clinically manifest cancer. We review epidemiological evidence - most notably for lung cancer - showing that lifestyle factors such as smoking interact with radiation-related risk, and we summarize additional human observations suggesting modulation by diet and infection status in the Life Span Study cohort of Japanese atomic bomb survivors. Controlled animal studies further support that obesity, dietary composition, caloric restriction, and physical activity can modify radiation-related cancer outcomes. We propose that evidence-based lifestyle guidance (e.g. smoking cessation, healthy weight, physical activity, alcohol moderation and supportive follow-up) should be communicated as an empowering complement to - never a substitute for - existing protection standards. Ethical implementation requires non-stigmatizing messaging and institutional support to ensure feasibility and equity.</p>","PeriodicalId":21002,"journal":{"name":"Radiation and Environmental Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148723419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leukaemia and lymphoma radiation risk models from atomic bomb survivors (1950-2001) suitable for lifetime risk calculations.","authors":"Janine Becker, Felix Heinzl, Maria Schnelzer, Peter Scholz-Kreisel, Munechika Misumi, Hiromi Sugiyama, Kyoji Furukawa, Markus Eidemüller","doi":"10.1007/s00411-026-01242-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00411-026-01242-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper updates radiation risk models for leukaemia and lymphoma incidence that can be applied to a variety of adult exposure scenarios and ages of onset of leukaemia and lymphoma, derived from the Life Span Study of atomic bomb survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Models were developed for four groups of haematological malignancies: acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML), chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), and Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (LYM). Multi-model inference methodology was applied for all groups to construct flexible radiation risk models. The models revealed complex radiation risk patterns with strong dependencies on dose, age, and sex. The ALL group showed high radio-sensitivity with risk decreasing strongly with attained age. The AML group demonstrated a strong non-linear dose response requiring special considerations for fractionated or protracted exposures. The CML model showed a strong dependence on time since exposure. Excess relative risk for the lymphoma group was smaller than other groups and displayed significant sex differences. The developed models for leukaemia and lymphoma provide robust risk predictions for a large variety of adult exposure scenarios with ionising radiation. Multi-model inference proved to be an important tool in the construction of such flexible risk models. The models can be safely used in risk assessment tools or for lifetime risk evaluations.</p>","PeriodicalId":21002,"journal":{"name":"Radiation and Environmental Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148702082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of long-term caesium-137 radioactivity in fungal species of the Czech Republic.","authors":"Daniel Šlemar, Barbora Litomiská, Pavel Řezanka","doi":"10.1007/s00411-026-01244-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00411-026-01244-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The accumulation of radionuclides in edible wild fungi represents a potential pathway of human exposure to ionising radiation. This study quantified the specific activity concentration of ¹³⁷Cs in 25 mushroom species collected from seven forest sites throughout the Czech Republic in 2023. Interspecific and spatial differences were observed. The highest activity concentrations were measured in Imleria badia, reaching up to 7,842 Bq/kg of dry mass, which is 63% below the European Union (EU) safety threshold, followed by other mycorrhizal Boletales such as Boletus edulis, Tylopilus felleus and Suillus grevillei. In contrast, Tapinella atrotomentosa, a saprotrophic member of the Boletales order with a gilled hymenophore, displayed markedly lower accumulation, indicating that both nutritional strategy and hymenophore morphology may modulate radiocaesium uptake independently of taxonomy. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests confirmed significant influence of species and locality on radiocaesium activity concentration, whereas trophic type alone was not significant. None of the analysed samples exceeded the 1,250 Bq/kg fresh mass limit set by Council Regulation Euratom 2016/52, although two I. badia samples surpassed the 600 Bq/kg fresh mass import limit of Commission Regulation (EU) 2020/1158. The estimated effective dose for an adult consumer was substantially below the annual 1 mSv dose limit, suggesting minimal radiological risk associated with wild mushroom consumption in the Czech Republic.</p>","PeriodicalId":21002,"journal":{"name":"Radiation and Environmental Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148702100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Range of dose enhancement factor for gold nanoparticles in radiotherapy using Monte Carlo simulations.","authors":"Wei Bo Li, Mario A Bernal, Ziad Francis","doi":"10.1007/s00411-026-01245-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00411-026-01245-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been widely investigated as radiosensitizers in preclinical radiotherapy studies and are now advancing into clinical trials. To enhance tumour targeting, various molecular vectors are conjugated with GNPs. The localized radiation energy deposited near GNPs mainly originates from photoelectrons, Auger electrons, x-ray fluorescence, and Compton electrons, resulting in higher tumour doses compared to conventional radiotherapy. Due to the nanometer-scale size of GNPs, the energy from secondary low-energy electrons is confined to nanometer to micrometer ranges, making direct dose measurements impractical. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are therefore commonly employed to estimate absorbed dose distributions around GNPs under different experimental conditions. However, published MC results show significant variability due to diverse simulation parameters. This review presents a quantitative analysis of reported dose distributions and dose enhancement factors (DEFs) from MC simulations. It also discusses the range of physical radiation doses and DEFs for GNPs irradiated by various radiation types, including kV/MV x-rays, synchrotrons, electrons, protons, heavy ions, and therapeutic radionuclides. To support understanding of the dose enhancement mechanisms, the underlying physical interaction processes of these radiation types with water and gold are reviewed. The range of reported DEFs helps bridge the gap between physical dose enhancement and observed biological effects. Finally, we recommend a qualitative estimate of the contribution of chemical species produced by the GNPs interactions to the consequent enhanced biological effects. This allows total dose enhancement from GNPs in radiotherapy, considering physical and chemical aspects, to be estimated using MC simulations as a complement to experiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":21002,"journal":{"name":"Radiation and Environmental Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148698020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NORM dust intake: comparison of personal air sampling and bioassays.","authors":"Gregory S Hewson, Martin I Ralph, Marcus Cattani","doi":"10.1007/s00411-026-01233-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00411-026-01233-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intake of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM), particularly the inhalation of thorium-bearing dust in mineral sand operations, has traditionally been assessed via personal air sampling (PAS). However, data from bioassay studies suggest that the actual intake determined via PAS may be underestimated. This review integrates thorium intake estimates derived from historical bioassay datasets, such as urine, faeces, lung counting, and thoron-in-breath tests, with historical PAS data. The findings indicated that bioassay-based predictions of intake were consistently greater, with mean bioassay-to-PAS intake ratios ranging from 2.6 to 4.2. The contributing factors to this discrepancy include biokinetic model uncertainties, potential dust sampler bias, the PAS strategy, high variability of exposure within similar exposure groups (SEGs), self-absorption of alpha particles during the radiometric analysis of filtered dust samples, and nonaccounting for respiratory protection. This review suggests improvements to current PAS-based dose assessments, including sampling and analysis protocols. We recommend that PAS be supplemented by targeted bioassay monitoring, where feasible, to improve dose estimation and worker protection in NORM industries.</p>","PeriodicalId":21002,"journal":{"name":"Radiation and Environmental Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":"929-942"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13486051/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148199588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"K-edge optimization of PMMA-based metal oxide shields for dental X-ray protection using Geant4 Monte Carlo simulations.","authors":"Mahmoud T Alabsy, Mai I El-Kaliuoby, Ahmed M El-Khatib, Alaa M Khalil","doi":"10.1007/s00411-026-01226-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00411-026-01226-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates PMMA-based composites enhanced with high-Z metal oxides (SnO₂, La₂O₃, Sm₂O₃, Er₂O₃, WO₃, and PbO) for dental diagnostic X-ray shielding. The oxides were selected for their K-edge energies lying within the 20-90 keV range relevant to dental radiology. PbO was included only as a benchmark material, while the other oxides were evaluated as safer, eco-friendly alternatives. Geant4 Monte Carlo simulations, validated against NIST XCOM with < 1% deviation, were employed to calculate key shielding parameters including linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), mean free path (MFP), half-value layer (HVL), tenth-value layer (TVL), effective atomic number (Z_ₑff), and effective electron density (N_ₑff). The results demonstrate that each oxide significantly improves PMMA's attenuation capability, particularly at photon energies just above its K-edge. In the investigated energy range, sharp enhancements in LAC, Z_eff, and N_eff, along with reductions in MFP, HVL, and TVL, were observed. Specifically, the maximum LAC values reached 15.309 cm⁻¹ for PMMA-Sn at 30 keV, 10.356 cm⁻¹ for PMMA-La at 40 keV, 7.353 cm⁻¹ for PMMA-Sm at 50 keV, 5.761 cm⁻¹ for PMMA-Er at 60 keV, 4.204 cm⁻¹ for PMMA-W at 70 keV, and 3.300 cm⁻¹ for PMMA-Pb at 90 keV, corresponding closely to the K-edge energies of the respective elements. Notably, all composites outperformed PbO in attenuation efficiency within their respective K-edge regions. These findings highlight the potential of strategically exploiting K-edge absorption to design lightweight, non-toxic PMMA-based shielding materials optimized for specific dental imaging modalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":21002,"journal":{"name":"Radiation and Environmental Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":"831-845"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148259287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development, fabrication, and validation of anthropomorphic orbital bone phantoms based on epoxy-CaCO₃ composites: a combined Monte Carlo, theoretical, and experimental approach.","authors":"Walid Allioui, Abdellah Khallouqi, Hamza Sekkat, A Slimani, Abdellah Halimi, Omar El Rhazouani","doi":"10.1007/s00411-026-01238-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00411-026-01238-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of tissue-equivalent materials is useful for dosimetry and the optimization of computed tomography (CT) protocols, for example in the orbital region. In this work, five epoxy resin-CaCO₃ composites (S1-S5), containing 30% to 50% CaCO₃, were developed to reproduce the radiological properties of adult orbital bone. The materials were fabricated by controlled mixing of epoxy resin and CaCO₃, followed by mechanical homogenization, and mold casting, with subsequent curing at room temperature to obtain homogeneous solid samples. The materials were characterized in terms of mass attenuation coefficient, effective atomic number, electron density, and CT number. Monte Carlo simulations showed good agreement with XCOM data, with deviations ranging from 0.0% to 4.8%. The electron density of the developed composites ranged from 4.54 × 10²³ to 5.18 × 10²³ e⁻/cm³. The 55% epoxy resin-45% CaCO₃ composite demonstrated the closest match to the reference skull bone, whose radiological properties were calculated from the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements elemental composition, with an electron density deviation of only 1.18% relative to the reference value (5.07 × 10²³ e⁻/cm³). Likewise, the 50% epoxy resin-50% CaCO₃ composite achieved a Z_eff of 12.89, corresponding to a deviation of only 0.39% from the Z_eff of the ICRU-based reference skull bone (12.94). At low energies (30-60 keV), the 50% epoxy resin-50% CaCO₃ composite exhibited the lowest deviations relative to the mass attenuation coefficients of the ICRU skull bone, with a maximum of 1.81%. In contrast, within the CT energy range (70-150 keV), the 55% epoxy resin-45% CaCO₃ composite showed the best agreement with the same reference, with a deviation of only 1.18%. CT measurements further demonstrated excellent reproducibility, with a coefficient of variation below 2%. This suggests that both formulations possess promising tissue-equivalent properties, although their suitability depends on the intended application. It is concluded that the 50% CaCO₃ composite appears more appropriate for low-energy radiographic applications, whereas the 45% CaCO₃ composite represents the most suitable candidate for CT imaging and dosimetric studies within the diagnostic scanner energy range.</p>","PeriodicalId":21002,"journal":{"name":"Radiation and Environmental Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":"873-886"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148431178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a phantom-based quantitative assessment of dose reduction and image-quality trade-offs in half- and full-rotation dental CBCT protocols: a thermoluminescent dosimetry approach with clinical insight.","authors":"Hakan Amasya, Osman Günay, Fahrettin Fatih Kesmezacar, Emine Tuna Akdoğan, Duygu Tunçman Kayaokay, Songül Çavdar Karaçam, Nami Yeyin, Mustafa Demir, Kaan Orhan, Ghada ALMisned, H O Tekin","doi":"10.1007/s00411-026-01228-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00411-026-01228-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to compare full- (360°) and half-rotation (180°) dental cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) protocols in terms of effective dose (ED) and quantitative image quality for the maxilla and mandible regions. An Alderson Radiation Therapy phantom was imaged using a Hyperion X9 Pro (Cefla, Imola) CBCT device with a 10 × 6 cm field of view. Both anatomical regions were acquired using full- and half-rotation protocols. A total of 67 thermoluminescence dosimeters were positioned in the phantom for ED calculations. Quantitative image-quality assessment was performed using axial slices extracted from each volume, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNRs) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNRs) were calculated. The EDs were 406.33 µSv (full-rotation) and 208.29 µSv (half-rotation) for the maxilla, and 248.94 µSv (full-rotation) and 73.63 µSv (half-rotation) for the mandible. These doses corresponded to dose reductions of 48.74% in the maxilla and 70.42% in the mandible. SNRs and CNRs decreased by 36.69% and 34.74% in the maxilla, and by 49.95% and 50.28% in the mandible, respectively. Dose reduction was more pronounced in the mandible than in the maxilla, and this was accompanied by a greater loss in SNR and CNR. It is concluded that protocol selection should be guided by diagnostic requirements and adherence to the \"As Low as Diagnostically Acceptable being Indication-oriented and Patient-specific (ALADAIP) principle.</p>","PeriodicalId":21002,"journal":{"name":"Radiation and Environmental Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":"863-871"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148199643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}