Resources Policy最新文献

{"title":"Quantifying conflict risks in raw material supply using the INFORM risk index","authors":"Anish Koyamparambath ,&nbsp;Guido Sonnemann ,&nbsp;Steven B. Young","doi":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105605","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105605","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Regulations and initiatives focused on responsible sourcing of raw materials have grown in the last decades. So-called “conflict minerals”— typically tin, tantalum, tungsten, and gold (3TG) associated with Democratic Republic of Congo — have been a target for responsible sourcing since 2008. As production of most raw materials has increased, there is need to pay attention to sourcing from conflict-affected or high-risk areas which poses various risks and consequences. To support sustainable and responsible use, companies seek to identify and manage potential risks. Existing tools and initiatives are limited in supporting companies' sustainability goals, as many are generic or are not publicly accessible. This article introduces an open-access tool that provides a product focus, the ConflictRisk method, which assesses the risks associated with sourcing raw materials from conflict-affected and high-risk areas at the country level using publicly available data. Building upon the existing GeoPolRisk framework, this method replaces the governance indicator with the INFORM Risk Index, which provides a direct measure of armed conflict. The ConflictRisk method was demonstrated in a case study considering 52 raw materials imported into the United States, and revealing risks even for materials sourced from outside traditionally recognized high-risk areas. Differences between the ConflictRisk method and existing frameworks, such as the European Union's conflict mineral regulations, underscore the value of a quantitative assessment. The article also presents a framework for integrating the ConflictRisk method into Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment to characterize the impacts of conflict risks. Limitations of the method include its reliance on national-level data, which can restrict the granularity of conflict risk evaluations at the sub-national level. The study also emphasizes the need for comprehensive supply chain analysis and further research to refine the integration of conflict risk into broader sustainability assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20970,"journal":{"name":"Resources Policy","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 105605"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Licensing to operate: Understanding variations in regulatory outcomes in the Australian mining sector","authors":"Lisa Nicole Mills,&nbsp;Jennifer M. Stewart,&nbsp;Graeme Auld","doi":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Literature on natural resources has argued that to proceed with the development of a mine, mining companies need a “licence to operate” – the approval of a legal authority, embodied in a regulatory licence; the approval of the affected community and broader society, a social licence; and the approval of investors, lenders, or purchasers, an economic licence. While conceptually distinct, in practice these licences interact. Communities and protest movements which bestow or withdraw social licence may also exert pressure on regulators, or influence economic licences through boycott and divestment campaigns. In this paper, we examine the pressures which affect business risk through the multiple dimensions of the “licence to operate,” in the case of federally regulated mines in Australia. Studying 409 mining applications that were under regulatory review, approved, or withdrawn between 2000 and 2020, we use competing risk hazard models and linear regressions to examine how measures of business risk (longer times in review and more conditions) and choices to withdraw are affected by: the attributes of the mine, competing rights claims and land-uses, levels of oppositional mobilization, changes in political parties in power, and market prices. We found that new projects, and those that triggered an independent assessment of their impact on water, were likely to experience longer reviews. Mines where agriculture was the competing land use also faced longer reviews, and mine proponents were more likely to withdraw their proposal. Contrary to our expectations, the mobilization of opposition to a mine was associated with faster time to approval, but also a higher number of conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20970,"journal":{"name":"Resources Policy","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 105578"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of economic sanctions on world trade of mineral commodities. A gravity model approach from 2009 to 2020","authors":"Raul Caruso ,&nbsp;Maria Cipollina","doi":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article employs a gravity model to examine the impact of sanctions on the trade of mineral commodities, classified at a detailed level (using the six-digit code of the Harmonized System — HS, a global classification system for traded goods), from 2009 to 2020. The dataset covers flows from 239 exporter countries to 38 OECD members. The primary findings highlight that: (i) a significant trade disruption is evident, characterized by an immediate 90 percent reduction, with a growing impact observed over time; (ii) sanctions-busting appears effective only in the very short term, albeit with weak supporting evidence; (iii) sender countries experience a decline in trade not only with target countries but also with third countries (negative network effect).</div><div>An analysis by regions and commodity groups provides different evidence. First, North American sender countries exhibit the ability to replace imports from target countries with alternative suppliers, while EU countries experience a clear trade disruption. Second, when examining different mineral commodities, findings indicate that sanctions lead to a reduction in trade of Ores and Slag (HS Chapter 26) and Mineral Fuels and Oils (HS Chapter 27), but not in Salt and Cement (HS Chapter 25). Regarding sanctions-busting, it is evident for Ores and Slag. However, sender countries importing Salt and Cement seem to be able to shift to other sources, whereas sender countries importing Mineral Fuels and Oils experience a substantial trade disruption</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20970,"journal":{"name":"Resources Policy","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 105574"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to maximize the chilean government's revenue with the National Lithium Strategy?","authors":"Francisco Olivares,&nbsp;Gustavo Lagos,&nbsp;Marcos Singer","doi":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the goals of the Chilean Government's National Lithium Strategy is to increase tax revenue, which can be accomplished through levying an ad valorem tax or via government ownership of projects. A key consideration when designing the tax system is the Laffer curve, which demonstrates that although higher taxes lead to more revenue, the tax burden can reduce the number of projects undertaken.</div><div>We computed the ideal revenue for Chilean salt flats based on cost estimates for both operating and capital expenses, utilizing data from various salt flats worldwide. Our analysis indicates that if it is not possible to discriminate by project, the optimal ad valorem tax rate and government participation rate are 10.94 % and 15.97 %, respectively, generating about US$ 3600 million per year in revenue for the government. If a separate rate is applied for each project, the total amount increases to US$ 4355 million, irrespective of the mechanism type. If both mechanisms are implemented simultaneously, the collection does not increase in relation to the amount already obtained.</div><div>This research demonstrates that if the Chilean government persists in demanding a majority stake in the partnerships engaged in the exploitation of lithium, it is probable that few agreements will come to fruition in the following years. A successful strategy should balance revenue optimization with environmental sustainability and community engagement, factors already incorporated into Chile's regulatory framework. Consequently, this approach would help Chile maintain its position in global lithium production despite competition from other countries with significant reserves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20970,"journal":{"name":"Resources Policy","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 105600"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of renewables in smoothing the impact of oil and gas price shocks on inflation: The LAC experience","authors":"Magdalena Cornejo ,&nbsp;Michelle Hallack ,&nbsp;David Matias","doi":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines the role of renewable electricity adoption in mitigating the impact of international fossil fuel price shocks on inflation in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), the region with the highest proportion of renewables in its energy mix. Utilizing data from 18 LAC countries spanning 2005 to 2021, we show that renewable electricity significantly reduces the transmission of fossil fuel price shocks to both energy-specific and overall inflation. Our findings indicate that countries with larger shares of renewable electricity generation experience notably smaller inflationary impacts in response to fluctuations in global oil prices. These results underscore the positive externalities of renewable energy investment, particularly its potential to reduce the transmission of global energy price volatility to local inflation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20970,"journal":{"name":"Resources Policy","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 105577"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The centrality of energy transition: New global shifts and old realities for sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"Simon Manda ,&nbsp;Sambo Lyson Zulu ,&nbsp;Toyin Ebenezer Adeyemi","doi":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article develops a new understanding of energy transition through a qualitative historical analysis of the links between ‘so-called’ global transition and histories of colonialism and capitalism in the sub-Saharan Africa. Drawing from 52 energy transition materials centered on Africa, the article critiques dominant emphasis on global transitions and proposes a multiplicity of transitions from a justice and African perspective and proposes an alternative dialogue that leverages national and regional experiences. We find that drivers of energy transition centre on capital pools and financial concentration and energy supply chains but that these ignore possible plurality of transitions – which is crucial for delivering just transitions – but plentiful evidence also exist showing that this misaligns with national visions and socio-economic and political realities. The paper shows how the current framings of energy transition contradict and are misaligned with national conditions that shape realities and possibilities. As a result, new global shifts in energy architecture, we argue, produces old socio-economic and political realities in the way the sub-Saharan Africa is being integrated in the energy transition. Thus, rather than present energy transition as a new dawn for structural transformation across the sub-region, the current structure and organisation of the transition presents historical continuities of dispossession where social formations are marginalised. We conclude that instead of portraying energy transition as a global phenomenon, emphasis should be placed on the multiplicity of transitions based on historiies of colonialism and neoliberal capitalism. A variety of policy angles that can shape transitions and expansion of renewable energy sources in the region are discussed from an African perspective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20970,"journal":{"name":"Resources Policy","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 105596"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the dynamic interdependence between risk factors and clean energy stock prices","authors":"Walid M.A. Ahmed ,&nbsp;Mohamed A.E. Sleem","doi":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing challenges posed by climate change have made the shift to clean energy an urgent necessity for sustainable development. However, the clean energy sector is deeply intertwined with broader risk factors that can significantly impact its growth and stability. In this study, we investigate the complex dynamics between clean energy stock markets and five key US risk factors: climate policy uncertainty, economic policy uncertainty, financial stress, geopolitical risk, and oil price volatility. Our analysis uses the novel quantile-on-quantile connectedness approach, which enables a deeper exploration of the interdependencies between variables not only within the same quantiles but also across various quantiles of their respective distributions. We find substantial inverse connectedness, particularly under extreme market circumstances, underscoring the vulnerability of clean energy stocks to changes in policy uncertainty, financial stress, and oil prices. Geopolitical risk, meanwhile, exhibits a strong direct relationship with clean energy markets, especially in times of heightened geopolitical tension. Additionally, the pairwise connectedness structure tends to intensify throughout paramount political, economic, and climate events or crises. Our findings have practical implications for both investors and policymakers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20970,"journal":{"name":"Resources Policy","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 105595"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutionary dynamics in common oil resource management for enhancing long-term strategic interactions","authors":"Seyed Pendar Toufighi ,&nbsp;Iman Ghasemian Sahebi ,&nbsp;Zahra Soltani","doi":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the application of evolutionary game theory to optimize long-term extraction strategies for common oil fields, focusing on the North Pars field shared by Iran and Qatar. The research aims to identify optimal management policies for shared resources by modeling the strategic interactions between these countries. The analysis incorporates key factors such as recovery rates, and information asymmetry, providing a realistic framework for decision-making. The study reveals that full cooperation between Iran and Qatar yields the highest long-term payoffs, emphasizing the benefits of strategic alignment. However, the game-theoretic model also indicates an equilibrium where Iran cooperates, and Qatar does not, resulting in higher payoffs for Qatar. This highlights the challenges in achieving mutual cooperation and underscores the need for robust legal frameworks and negotiation strategies. Using real data from the North Pars field, the mathematical model optimizes extraction values and payoffs, demonstrating the potential of technological advancements and strategic planning. The optimized extraction rates are 147,865 barrels per day for Iran and 265,748 barrels per day for Qatar. The study shows that increasing a country's potential payoff accelerates the convergence towards a stable, cooperative strategy. The findings suggest that evolutionary strategies, informed by dynamic geopolitical and economic conditions, enhance the management of shared oil resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20970,"journal":{"name":"Resources Policy","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 105597"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Garimpo and public policies in Brazil: Proposal for a responsible activity","authors":"Alex dos Santos Macedo ,&nbsp;Dione Macedo ,&nbsp;Hassan Sohn ,&nbsp;Luís Mauro Gomes Ferreira","doi":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Garimpo,</em> or artisanal and small-scale mineral extraction, is a centuries-old activity in Brazil that has been largely neglected by the government, society, academia, and other stakeholders since the seventeenth century. This article proposes a public policy framework aimed at revitalizing and regulating this overlooked sector by promoting new mining standards with a focus on sustainability. The research utilized documentary and bibliographic methods to develop the proposed policy. A problem tree was created to identify the central issues, their causes, and their consequences, and a logical model was developed based on established public policy modeling references. The findings emphasize the need for the policy to address several critical components: mineral mapping and regularization, inspection and monitoring, training and education, appropriate technology, environmental management, responsible trade and supply chains, economic incentives, and community participation. The study also highlights key challenges for the policy's success, including the lack of political will, limited state capacity of mining agencies, discontinuity of interventions, and the lack of government presence in mining territories. Recommendations are provided to outline a preliminary model for intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20970,"journal":{"name":"Resources Policy","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 105591"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ESG mapping of the Australian mining sector – The state of play on mobilising spatial datasets for decision making","authors":"Eléonore Lèbre ,&nbsp;Karol Czarnota ,&nbsp;Stuart D.C. Walsh ,&nbsp;Marcus Haynes ,&nbsp;Natasha Ufer ,&nbsp;Laura J. Sonter ,&nbsp;Rachakonda Sreekar ,&nbsp;Pascal Bolz ,&nbsp;Nevenka Bulovic ,&nbsp;Claire Côte ,&nbsp;Nadja C. Kunz ,&nbsp;Steven Micklethwaite ,&nbsp;Stephen A. Northey ,&nbsp;Louisa M. Rochford ,&nbsp;Richard Schodde ,&nbsp;Benjamin Seligmann ,&nbsp;Kathryn Sturman","doi":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global energy transition will drive increased demand for a broad range of mined minerals. Australia is well positioned to support the global energy transition, given its mature mining sector and rich and diverse mineral resources. The potential growth in the mining sector represents an economic opportunity, however, navigating the associated environmental, social, and governance (ESG) risks remains a challenge. A step towards improved ESG credentials across the Australian mining sector is for mine developers, regulators, communities, investors and other industry stakeholders to be capable of integrating diverse types of ESG data into decision-making processes. This paper establishes the foundations for applying ESG mapping, a research technique that mobilises spatial data to analyse and compare extractive locations in terms of factors relevant to mining and exploration, at the scale of Australia. To do so, the paper first critically reviews 33 spatial ESG datasets available at national scale across six main themes: people, land uses, water resources, extreme events, nature conservation, and governance. The paper then provides two proof-of-concept applications of ESG mapping to the Australian mining context and draws on these preliminary applications to propose a program of research aiming to fully utilise this technique to inform decision makers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20970,"journal":{"name":"Resources Policy","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 105592"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}