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Social license to operate: an institutional critique and research framework 社会经营许可:制度批判与研究框架
IF 10.2 2区 经济学
Resources Policy Pub Date : 2025-06-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105657
Johannes Glückler, Denise Gutiérrez
{"title":"Social license to operate: an institutional critique and research framework","authors":"Johannes Glückler,&nbsp;Denise Gutiérrez","doi":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The concept of Social License to Operate (SLO) addresses the need for mutual acceptance among governments, civil society, and private actors of what is considered as legitimate resource development. We identify two key shortcomings in current understandings of SLO: a dominant managerial lens that fails to account for the collective and institutional dimensions of an SLO, and the flawed belief that the mere absence of conflict signifies the presence of a social license. To address these gaps, we conceptualize SLO as a social institution, introduce a heuristic framework for empirical analysis, and explore the role of governance in fostering and sustaining an SLO. A reconstruction of the arduous evolution of a mining project in Chile illustrates how this framework helps assess institutional alignment, trace the governance process, and understand place-specific SLO dynamics. We conclude by emphasizing how this perspective offers practical insights for achieving inclusive development in resource-dependent regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20970,"journal":{"name":"Resources Policy","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 105657"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Good intentions, negative Outcomes: Environmental consciousness and ambidexterity toward environmental performance in the resource-intensive mining industry 良好的意图,消极的结果:资源密集型采矿业环境绩效的环境意识和二元性
IF 10.2 2区 经济学
Resources Policy Pub Date : 2025-06-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105656
William Limousin , Laurent Scaringella , Morgane Scaringella
{"title":"Good intentions, negative Outcomes: Environmental consciousness and ambidexterity toward environmental performance in the resource-intensive mining industry","authors":"William Limousin ,&nbsp;Laurent Scaringella ,&nbsp;Morgane Scaringella","doi":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105656","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105656","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examine the link between environmental consciousness and individual ambidexterity and how these constructs enhance firm environmental performance in the mining sector. This study is based on responses from 243 employees and organizational data from a leading lime producer's 10 plants. We find that environmental consciousness does not significantly influence either CO2 combustion total emissions/number of people or CO2 combustion per ton of lime. However, the more individuals develop environmental consciousness, the more they use biomass, which is beneficial to the environment; at the same time, they use less gas, which could be harmful, since gas is cleaner than coal. Contrary to our expectations, we find that increased individual ambidexterity leads to higher CO2 combustion (both total emissions/number of people and per ton of lime) and lower biomass use in kilns. Therefore, our results indicate that individual ambidexterity is harmful to environmental performance. First, we contribute to the microfoundations perspective by showing that individual environmental consciousness does not directly lead to better organizational environmental performance. Second, we reveal that individual ambidexterity can have negative environmental effects, challenging the view that it always supports sustainability. Third, we extend existing research by applying a bottom-up lens to worker behavior in the lime industry, a traditional yet underexplored high-impact sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20970,"journal":{"name":"Resources Policy","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 105656"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mine closure transparency and disclosure: An open-source evaluation of financial, technical, and social reporting 矿山关闭透明度和披露:财务、技术和社会报告的开源评估
IF 10.2 2区 经济学
Resources Policy Pub Date : 2025-06-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105644
Luanna Di Guimarães , Uajara Pessoa Araújo , Hernani Mota de Lima
{"title":"Mine closure transparency and disclosure: An open-source evaluation of financial, technical, and social reporting","authors":"Luanna Di Guimarães ,&nbsp;Uajara Pessoa Araújo ,&nbsp;Hernani Mota de Lima","doi":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105644","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105644","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the transparency of mine closure disclosures across public reports, with a focus on identifying gaps in <em>communication</em> related to financial, technical, and social obligations, in Brazil. Using a quantitative content analysis of 16 documents (2019–2023) and six reporting frameworks from four global mining companies, a binary classification system (0/1) and weighted scoring protocol were applied to 15 criteria spanning two domains: Report Content (e.g., data verification, update frequency) and Sector-Specific Risks (e.g., financial provisioning, post-closure stability). Key findings reveal that mandatory reports (e.g., SEC Form 20-F) outperformed voluntary frameworks (e.g., GRI) in financial transparency, with 67 % compliance versus 22 % application rate), yet both lacked technical rigor, with only 33 % addressing physical-chemical stability risks. Mining-specific frameworks (ICMM, IRMA) achieved 85 % application rate to technical criteria, highlighting their efficacy in mitigating sector risks like tailings failures. Conversely, 78 % of reports omitted enforceable community transition plans, exacerbating social dislocation problems. The study advocates for regulatory reforms to mandate technical disclosures (e.g., geotechnical stability audits) in capital market filings and urges integration of ICMM/IRMA standards into broad ESG frameworks. These steps are critical to aligning disclosure practices with the mining industry's environmental, financial, and social risk profile. This study aligns with disclosure legitimacy theory, which posits that firms disclose information to legitimize operations in high-risk sectors, and impression management theory, which explains the prioritization of aspirational narratives in voluntary frameworks. By evaluating how these theories manifest in mine closure reporting, the research advances transparency discourse in extractive industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20970,"journal":{"name":"Resources Policy","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 105644"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bibliometric and systematic analysis of the literature on the Hartwick rule in non-renewable resources 不可再生资源中哈特威克规则文献计量学与系统分析
IF 10.2 2区 经济学
Resources Policy Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105654
Marco A. Cotrina-Teatino , Jairo J. Marquina-Araujo , Jose N. Mamani-Quispe , Solio M. Arango-Retamozo , Joe A. Gonzalez-Vasquez
{"title":"Bibliometric and systematic analysis of the literature on the Hartwick rule in non-renewable resources","authors":"Marco A. Cotrina-Teatino ,&nbsp;Jairo J. Marquina-Araujo ,&nbsp;Jose N. Mamani-Quispe ,&nbsp;Solio M. Arango-Retamozo ,&nbsp;Joe A. Gonzalez-Vasquez","doi":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Hartwick rule states that an economy can be sustainable if the revenues from the exploitation of non-renewable resources are reinvested in other forms of capital that benefit future generations. This study aims to conduct a bibliometric and systematic review of all research published up to 2024 on the application of the Hartwick rule in the context of non-renewable resources. A mixed-method approach was employed, combining bibliometric analysis, text mining, and qualitative content analysis. The review is based on 71 peer-reviewed articles selected using the PRISMA protocol, complemented by an ad hoc search in leading academic databases. The findings show how the Hartwick rule has evolved from a theoretical concept to a practical tool for guiding public policy, particularly in countries heavily dependent on oil, minerals, or gas. The literature is structured around three main thematic areas: the theoretical and economic foundations of the rule; its application in the management of non-renewable resources; and the assumptions and conditions required for its sustainability. This study provides a structured overview of the Hartwick rule's evolution and application in non-renewable resource management, underscoring its relevance for sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20970,"journal":{"name":"Resources Policy","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 105654"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144261338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hidden mining capitalism, mineral transportation chain, and gendering livelihoods in Africa's artisanal and small-scale mining: Evidence from northern Ghana 隐藏的矿业资本主义、矿产运输链和非洲手工和小规模采矿中的性别生计:来自加纳北部的证据
IF 10.2 2区 经济学
Resources Policy Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105608
Francis Arthur-Holmes , Jennifer Dokbila Mengba
{"title":"Hidden mining capitalism, mineral transportation chain, and gendering livelihoods in Africa's artisanal and small-scale mining: Evidence from northern Ghana","authors":"Francis Arthur-Holmes ,&nbsp;Jennifer Dokbila Mengba","doi":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105608","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105608","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) literature on mineral transportation roles and gender inequalities, there has been little empirical investigation and theorization of how the mineral transportation chain perpetuates hidden labor exploitation and contributes to the gender pay gap in the sector. This paper conceptualizes “hidden mining capitalism” to explore the often concealed labor exploitation of women's work in the mineral transportation chain in Africa's ASM industry using the case of Northern Ghana. Drawing from our qualitative research, findings highlight that women's involvement in different stages of the mineral transportation chain from the extraction of the mineralized rocks (e.g. gold ore) to the crushing, shanking (i.e. sieving), milling, and washing centers are unremunerated, thus revealing socio-historically and structurally embedded dynamics of women's livelihoods, economic exploitation, and dimensions of “gendered sympathy” towards women in ASM settings. Findings also reveal that rural poverty causes increasing feminization of ASM operations, resulting in women's surplus labor that further produces several pathways for economic exploitation and unsafe working environment. Our inquiry showcases that intersectional factors (such as age, social networks, shanking experience, and ethnicity) shape women's access to transportation and processing roles as mining livelihoods to advance their economic independence and overall well-being. In exploring the above issues, we raise questions about women's role in the mineral transportation chain, particularly those related to economic exploitation (e.g. shanking) and the need for gender-sensitive on-site formalization policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20970,"journal":{"name":"Resources Policy","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 105608"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144253428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The emerging phyllite mining industry in Ghana: economic potential and policy implications 加纳新兴的千层石采矿业:经济潜力和政策影响
IF 10.2 2区 经济学
Resources Policy Pub Date : 2025-06-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105642
Kenneth Joseph Bansah , Lilian Owusu , Paul Junior Acquah , Abigail Boafo , Emmanuel Abrokwah , Samuel Yamoah Nyamekye
{"title":"The emerging phyllite mining industry in Ghana: economic potential and policy implications","authors":"Kenneth Joseph Bansah ,&nbsp;Lilian Owusu ,&nbsp;Paul Junior Acquah ,&nbsp;Abigail Boafo ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Abrokwah ,&nbsp;Samuel Yamoah Nyamekye","doi":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines the rapid growth of Ghana's emerging phyllite mining industry, focusing on its operational and regulatory challenges, economic benefits, and opportunities for improving environmental performance and business sustainability. The study employs an exploratory research approach, integrating field observations, interviews, document analysis, geological mapping, GIS modeling, and mineral economic evaluation. Findings indicate that phyllite mining represents a significant source of mineral revenue with the potential to drive economic prosperity and national development—provided miners undergo formalization. The industry has created thousands of jobs, stimulated local commerce, and generated substantial revenue for landowners and miners, aligning with the anticipated economic contributions of mining projects. Economic analysis suggests that mining a phyllite deposit spanning just 0.2 square kilometers in the Tarkwa mining district could yield over US$2.3 billion. Further investment in exploration could identify additional reserves, enhancing the industry's long-term economic viability. Despite its economic potential, regulatory challenges threaten the industry's sustainability. Pragmatic and accessible regulations are essential to formalizing miners and ensuring compliance with standard mining practices. Post-formalization strategies, such as miner education and training, stringent regulatory enforcement, routine site monitoring, and penalties for noncompliance, are critical to maintaining sustainable operations. These measures will help align mining activities with environmental, social, and governance (ESG) principles while promoting long-term industry resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20970,"journal":{"name":"Resources Policy","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 105642"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144231451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Adding precious metals to a risk avert Investor's portfolio – Is gold alone? 将贵金属加入避险投资者的投资组合——黄金是唯一的吗?
IF 10.2 2区 经济学
Resources Policy Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105627
Dhriti Chattopadhyay, Bidipta Saha, Dikshita Saha, Madhurima Saha, Gagari Chakrabarti
{"title":"Adding precious metals to a risk avert Investor's portfolio – Is gold alone?","authors":"Dhriti Chattopadhyay,&nbsp;Bidipta Saha,&nbsp;Dikshita Saha,&nbsp;Madhurima Saha,&nbsp;Gagari Chakrabarti","doi":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Risk-avert investors generally take gold to act as a hedge against the market during crises. However, literature suggest that the safe haven property of gold is short-lived. We therefore look at other precious metals that could protect investors at least as effectively as gold, especially during periods of market stress. We consider five precious metals, namely, gold, silver, platinum, palladium, and copper to analyse the unique and market risks associated with each as well as construct optimum weighted portfolios using them in different combinations. We find that including a safe haven in a portfolio is a necessary condition to minimize risk but is in no way sufficient. Both gold and silver exhibit safe haven property but an optimum portfolio containing gold and copper offers a higher hedging effectiveness than that offered by an optimum portfolio containing either gold or silver. In fact, copper when combined in an optimal ratio with other precious metals, offers way better hedging effectiveness than other metal-market portfolio combinations. Our study finds copper as a rapidly emerging hedging instrument, driven by its manyfold uses in both the industrial and non-industrial sectors. Thus, a gold-copper-market portfolio would undoubtedly be the optimum choice for a risk-avert investor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20970,"journal":{"name":"Resources Policy","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 105627"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144195240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A genetic algorithm for temporal and spatial alignment of long- and medium-term mine production scheduling for open-pit mines 露天矿中长期生产调度时空对齐的遗传算法
IF 10.2 2区 经济学
Resources Policy Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105629
Pathy Muke , Tinashe Tholana , Cuthbert Musingwini , Montaz Ali
{"title":"A genetic algorithm for temporal and spatial alignment of long- and medium-term mine production scheduling for open-pit mines","authors":"Pathy Muke ,&nbsp;Tinashe Tholana ,&nbsp;Cuthbert Musingwini ,&nbsp;Montaz Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Open-pit mine production scheduling essentially comprises long-term (LT), medium-term (MT) and short-term (ST) schedules, which have typically been optimized in isolation to each other. However, by independently optimizing these schedules, temporal and spatial scheduling misalignment between consecutive schedules occurs and can lead to lower mining project net present values (NPVs). Therefore, it is important to integrate these schedules for improved scheduling alignment. Accordingly, this paper developed a mixed integer programming (MIP) model that integrates LT and MT production schedules to improve scheduling alignment between LT and MT schedules compared to separately optimizing the schedules. The model was solved using a genetic algorithm (GA), which is a stochastic algorithm. The combined MIP model and GA approach was tested on a Geovia Surpac® block model and generated a 2.20 % higher NPV than for the isolated LT schedule. Using the same input parameters on MineLib, the approach was validated by comparing its results to the best-known feasible linear programming (LP) relaxation solutions obtained using a TopoSort heuristic algorithm. For the Newman, Zuck Small and KD block models, the approach generated comparable NPVs, which were 4.90 % lower, 10.90 % higher, and 2.36 % lower, respectively. However, for the four block models, the approach achieved 100 % temporal alignment between LT and MT production schedules, while the isolated schedules had temporal misalignment ranging between 86.22 % and 105.47 %. Therefore, this paper's contribution is on incorporating temporal and spatial alignment between LT and MT production schedules to achieve LT objectives at the MT horizon.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20970,"journal":{"name":"Resources Policy","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 105629"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144190449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
No Minerals, No Megawatts: How material costs and availability shape the future of the US power sector 没有矿物,就没有兆瓦:材料成本和可用性如何塑造美国电力行业的未来
IF 10.2 2区 经济学
Resources Policy Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105607
Maxwell Brown , Eliza Hotchkiss , Gabriel Collins , Mirali Seyedrezaei , Morgan Bazilian
{"title":"No Minerals, No Megawatts: How material costs and availability shape the future of the US power sector","authors":"Maxwell Brown ,&nbsp;Eliza Hotchkiss ,&nbsp;Gabriel Collins ,&nbsp;Mirali Seyedrezaei ,&nbsp;Morgan Bazilian","doi":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105607","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105607","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The resilience of the US power sector is increasingly challenged by material price fluctuations and supply chain disruptions, necessitating a deeper understanding of their impacts on energy capacity expansion, infrastructure and system costs, and emissions. This paper quantifies the effects of material price and availability shocks on the power sector across permutations of fossil fuel and electricity capacity cost assumptions. Our findings reveal that extreme price shocks in major metals are the most disruptive to power system development; minor metal disruptions, taken together, can also have an equal impact when strictly unavailable. In response, the system adapts by prolonging the operation of existing capacity rather than investing in new infrastructure, thereby exacerbating reliability, economic, and environmental outcomes. This research underscores the importance of moving beyond traditional, static methods of assessing energy system resilience to a dynamic approach that considers the interactions between material availability, cost, and system evolution. These findings have significant implications for policymakers and industry stakeholders, stressing the need for proactive risk management strategies across supply chains that are often overlooked in planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20970,"journal":{"name":"Resources Policy","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 105607"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144170097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optimizing cut-off grades under stochastic price: A model for open-pit lateritic nickel mining with multiple products 随机价格下边界品位优化:多产品露天红土镍矿开采模型
IF 10.2 2区 经济学
Resources Policy Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105630
Benazir Imam Arif Muttaqin , Udisubakti Ciptomulyono , Nurhadi Siswanto
{"title":"Optimizing cut-off grades under stochastic price: A model for open-pit lateritic nickel mining with multiple products","authors":"Benazir Imam Arif Muttaqin ,&nbsp;Udisubakti Ciptomulyono ,&nbsp;Nurhadi Siswanto","doi":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The open-pit mining industry faces numerous challenges. One of the key issues is the determination of the optimal cut-off grade that ensures economic viability. Nickel, as one critical commodity in the renewable energy supply chain, adds another layer of complexity, as its prices fluctuate in uncertain market conditions. These price fluctuations further intensify the challenge of selecting the most economically viable cut-off grade. This research develops a cut-off grade optimization model in an open-pit mining of laterite ores, as the main source of nickel commodities. The proposed cut-off grade model considers two product options, i.e. pure nickel and ferronickel. The uncertainty in selling prices is presumed to follow to the Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) function. The cut-off grade model is mathematically formulated and analytically solved using derivatives analysis to achieve the global optimal solution. There are two scenarios to be analyzed, which include deterministic and stochastic scenarios. Numerical examples indicate that the proposed model can effectively optimize the cut-off grade value to obtain the maximum profit for both scenarios. An analysis of three scenarios—most likely, pessimistic, and optimistic—shows that fluctuations in selling prices significantly affect both profit and Net Present Value, with the effect amplifying at lower optimal cut-off grades. This finding highlights the importance of flexible decision-making in mine planning to maintain financial stability under the presence of market uncertainties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20970,"journal":{"name":"Resources Policy","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 105630"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144168265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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