Public Health Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Dietary Patterns in Xinjiang, Western China, and Associations with Metabolic Syndrome: A Population-Based Study.","authors":"Qian Zhao, Juan Wang, Xier Zulipiye, Na Yang, Jun Liu, Aboduhapaer Tuersunjiang, Hui Peng, Yining Yang","doi":"10.1017/S1368980026102316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980026102316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the association between dietary patterns and MetS in western China, which has not been previously reported.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A population based cross-sectional study design. Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Principal component analysis identified dietary patterns, and multivariate logistic regression evaluated their associations with MetS.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Population-based Cohort Study of Chronic Diseases in Xinjiang (PCCDX), conducted in 2022.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>A total of 3 208 individuals from PCCDX (mean age: 53.1 ± 10.8 years; 49.1% male).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MetS was diagnosed in 1 762 participants (54.9%). Four distinct dietary patterns were identified, with the refined grain-animal products dietary pattern being the dominant one. After adjusting for general demographic and lifestyle factors, a higher score in the refined grain-animal product pattern was associated with an increased risk of MetS. The odds ratios for the second, third, and fourth quartiles of the dietary score were 1.07 (95% CI: 0.860∼1.322), 1.14 (0.923∼1.413), and 1.48 (1.189∼1.853), with a statistically significant trend (<i>P</i> = 0.003). Higher dietary scores in this pattern were also associated with increased risks of elevated waist circumference, high triglycerides, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Mediation analysis showed that visceral fat percentage partially mediated the association between the refined grain-animal product dietary pattern and low HDL-C, accounting for 17.2% of the total effect (indirect effect = 0.005, <i>P</i> = 0.006). The other three dietary patterns showed no significant associations with MetS or its components.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the high prevalence of MetS in western China and links a refined grains-animal products diet to poorer metabolic health, emphasizing the need for region-specific dietary strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147594188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depressive symptoms among Mexican adolescent girls in relation to iron status, anaemia, body weight and pubertal status: results from a latent class analysis - CORRIGENDUM.","authors":"Arli Guadalupe Zarate-Ortiz, Hans Verhoef, Alida Melse-Boonstra, Bo-Jane Woods, Elida Estefania Lee-Bazaldúa, Edith Jm Feskens, Angelica Quiroga-Garza, Ana Carla Cepeda-Lopez","doi":"10.1017/S1368980025000618","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1368980025000618","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":"29 1","pages":"e66"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13087968/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147594265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional anthropometry of children and adolescents in Spain in the middle of the 20th century (1934-1965).","authors":"María Dolores Marrodán, Ana Garcés Sánchez, María Sánchez Álvarez, Angel Herráez, Marisa González Montero de Espinosa","doi":"10.1017/S1368980026102250","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1368980026102250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The general objective was to explore the nutritional condition of schoolchildren, based on certain body measurements published in various reports (from 1934 to 1965). More specifically, we intended to analyse, first, the secular trend of growth by comparing historical anthropometric data with current national and international figures and, second, to study the possible variability of body measurements at that time among different Spanish regions and of different socioeconomical levels.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Based on these reports, a sample of individuals of both sexes, between 6 and 16 years of age, was selected. Average weight and height were calculated for each age and sex, and the BMI was determined for all series. The data of these series were compared first with each other and then, using the z-score method, with reference tables published by the WHO and by a current Spanish reference.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Seven Spanish historical series, from 1934 to 1965.</p><p><strong>Subjects: </strong>114 880 individuals aged 6 to 16 years (59 786 boys and 55 094 girls).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Almost all the historical populations assessed show chronic undernutrition and underweight, strongly influenced by socioeconomic status. On the other hand, nutritional status appears almost independent of rural or urban environment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the series analysed, various states of chronic undernutrition and underweight were present, mainly in schoolchildren from the most disadvantaged social groups. The secular trend in height and weight occurred in times after the beginning of Franco's developmentalism.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":"29 1","pages":"e61"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13087995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147582298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, value, and food marketing methods of food-related sponsorship and contracts in Canadian recreation and sport facilities.","authors":"Rachel Prowse, Melanie Warken, Trudy Tran, Dana Lee Olstad, Sara F Kirk, Kim D Raine, Erin Hobin","doi":"10.1017/S1368980025101699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980025101699","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the prevalence, financial value, and marketing leveraging methods of food sponsorship agreements and food service contracts in Canadian recreation and sport facilities (RSFs).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional survey using descriptive analysis. RSF managers and directors reported the number, value, and types of marketing leveraging methods used in food-related sponsorship agreements and food service contracts.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Publicly funded RSFs in nine Canadian provinces that provide indoor sport programming for children and youth.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Eighty-six RSF representatives completed the survey (response rate: 73.9%). Most facilities were municipally owned and located in urban settings; over 70% served children under 13 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Food sponsorship agreements and food service contracts were reported by 36.5% and 65.5% of RSFs, respectively. Financial donations were included in 88.6% of sponsorship agreements and 27.4% of contracts. Sponsors contributed a median of 25.0% (IQR: 13.9%, 83.3%) of total sponsorship income, with a median annual donation per sponsor of $500 (IQR: $288, $1,375). Nearly all agreements and contracts included at least one food marketing leveraging method. Branded signage was the most common in sponsorship agreements (64.6%), while equipment donation was most common in food service contracts (52.2%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and implications: </strong>Food sponsorship and service agreements are prevalent in Canadian RSFs and include financial and in-kind contributions that may benefit facilities. However, the marketing leveraging methods used-such as branded signage and product provision-may also increase children's exposure to food marketing. Greater monitoring and evaluation of these marketing practices is needed, especially in the context of proposed national marketing restrictions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147520823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An investigation of the change in alignment between the Health Star Rating Scheme and the Nova Food Processing Classification System and the Australian Dietary Guidelines.","authors":"Sandra Brastein, Julie Woods, Sarah Dickie, Mark Andrew Lawrence","doi":"10.1017/S1368980026102419","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1368980026102419","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Front-of-package labelling informs consumers about the 'healthiness' of foods based on different classification schemes. These schemes reflect competing worldviews for assessing a food's healthiness, represented by nutrient-, food- or diet-based indices. The Health Star Rating scheme (HSR) has been criticised for failing to appropriately score unhealthy products. Updates to the HSR algorithm were implemented over a two-year period from November 2020. This study investigated alignment between a nutrient-based scheme (HSR), food-based scheme (Nova food processing system) and diet-based scheme (Australian Dietary Guidelines (ADG)).</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Mintel Global New Products Database.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Retail foods displaying HSR launched or updated onto the Australian market between November 2020 and June 2023.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Products were categorised according to the ADG and Nova, descriptive statistics performed for each category and proportion displaying HSR ≤ 2·0 and ≥ 2·5 calculated for discretionary foods, five food group foods, ultra-processed foods (UPF) and non-UPF. Agreement between categories obtained by Kappa.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median HSR for UPF and discretionary foods were 3·5 and 2·5, respectively, and 73·7 % of UPF and 58·2 % of discretionary foods displayed HSR ≥ 2·5. Agreement between HSR and Nova was none to slight (k = 0·09, P < 0·001) and HSR and ADG was fair (k = 0·38, P < 0·001). Between 2020-2023, the proportion of UPF displaying HSR ≥ 2·5 increased from 60·2 % to 78·5 % and for discretionary foods 47·0 % to 62·5 %.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The HSR algorithm calculates 'healthy' HSR (≥ 2·5) for a high proportion of UPF and discretionary foods. The HSR's nutrient-based approach to translate food-and diet-based nutrition recommendations into accurate food 'healthiness' assessments is still problematic.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"e82"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13087985/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147521797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and implementation of food and nutrition labelling policies in Mongolia: a policy analysis.","authors":"Nyamragchaa Chimedtseren, Bridget Kelly, Heather Yeatman, Anne-Therese McMahon, Batjargal Jamiyan","doi":"10.1017/S1368980026102390","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1368980026102390","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyse food and nutrition labelling policies in Mongolia, with the aim to identify key facilitators and barriers in the policy process and to propose priority actions to address these challenges.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A qualitative study utilising semi-structured individual interviews explored opinions and views of policy stakeholders on Mongolian food and nutrition labelling policies.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Ulaanbaatar city, Mongolia.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Eighteen policy stakeholders, including government officials, representatives of consumer organisations and food producers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Food labelling regulations in Mongolia were developed as part of broader reforms of the food system control to respond to changes related to the country's transition to a market economy. Government leadership, along with technical support from international agencies, facilitated the development of these regulations. Key barriers identified in policy development were industry opposition, lack of consumer engagement, disruptions from government changes and funding shortages. Policy implementation was hindered by delays in operational regulations, inadequate infrastructure and limited knowledge and funding.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To date, the development and implementation of food and nutrition labelling policies in Mongolia have been limited and insufficient. Given the health and nutritional impacts of the nutrition transition, prioritising nutrition labelling policies is essential and should emphasise consumer needs. Key actions should include the establishment of clear regulations, active stakeholder engagement, well-resourced implementation, capacity building among regulators and producers, and consumer education.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"e80"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13087973/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147514375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mother-child dyads double burden of malnutrition and associated factors in Burkina Faso.","authors":"Hermann Biénou Lanou, Aristide Marie Arsène Koumbem, Jérôme Winbetouréfâ Somé, Boubacar Savadogo, Aristide Romaric Bado, Seni Kouanda","doi":"10.1017/S1368980026102389","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1368980026102389","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to determine the prevalence of mother-child double burden of malnutrition (DBM) based on anthropometric indices and its associated factors in Burkina Faso.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This cross-sectional study used nationally representative data from the 2021 Burkina Faso Demographic and Health Survey (BFDHS-V). DBM was defined as follows: overweight mother with stunted child (OM/SC); overweight mother with wasted child (OM/WC); overweight mother with underweight child (OM/UC); overweight mother with stunted or wasted or underweight child (OM/SC-WC-UC). Generalised linear model of regression using R programming was performed to identify factors associated with DBM.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Burkina Faso.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>5286 mother-child dyads living in the same household.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of DBM in mother-child dyads was 4·9 % for OM/SC-WC-UC. Urban residence was inversely associated with 3 forms of dyads DBM. OM/SC-WC-UC: aOR = 0·60, 95 % CI (0·37, 0·96), OM/WC: aOR = 0·23, 95 % CI (0·11, 0·45), and OM/UC: aOR = 0·51, 95 % CI (0·29, 0·89). Higher child birth order was associated with increased odds of OM/WC: aOR = 3·82, 95 % CI (1·21, 12·10) and OM/UC: aOR = 4·75, 95 % CI (1·65-13·62). Older maternal age was associated with OM/SC: aOR = 3·17, 95 % CI (1·44, 7·00) and belonging to a wealthier household was associated with OM/SC-WC-UC: aOR = 3·43, 95 % CI (1·61, 7·30).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The finding suggests that household-level DBM is an emerging problem in Burkina Faso. The most prevalent form of DBM includes an overweight mother with a stunted child, and common associated factors include urban residence and high socio-economic status. Urgent strategies and actions need to be put in place in order to avert this trend.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"e91"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13112302/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147514368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociopolitical indicators of food insecurity: a study of 25 US states.","authors":"Rishika Chakraborty, Katelyn F Romm, Cassidy LoParco, Y Tony Yang, Carla J Berg","doi":"10.1017/S1368980026102353","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1368980026102353","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Food insecurity (FI) prevalence has increased globally, including in the USA, and disproportionately affects certain subgroups (e.g. women). Both food-related and non-food-related sociopolitical indicators may impact FI rates; however, these associations are underexplored. This study assessed select state-level sociopolitical indicators among states with higher and lower FI rates compared to the national average.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>US.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>We identified twenty-five states representing lower (<i>n</i> 18) and higher (<i>n</i> 7) FI prevalence compared to the 2021-2023 US average (12·2 %) and used national data sources to characterise sixteen sociopolitical indicators (selected via prior review) across three categories: (1) proximal to FI (related to food access/income/resources), (2) inequality (contributing to disparities) and (3) tobacco/alcohol/cannabis regulation (may exacerbate/perpetuate financial constraints). We described each indicator and explored their associations (using <i>t</i> tests or Fisher's tests) with state FI status (high <i>v</i>. low).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For proximal indicators, low-FI (<i>v</i>. high-FI) states had greater food environment scores, nutrition assistance programme participation, minimum wage and insured individuals. For inequality indicators, low-FI (<i>v</i>. high-FI) states had narrower gender wage gaps, greater racial equity and more protective policies for sexual/gender minority populations and abortion rights. For substance-related indicators, low-FI (<i>v</i>. high-FI) states had higher cigarette taxes and were more likely to have comprehensive smoke-free laws, legalised non-medical cannabis and provisions for expunging/pardoning prior cannabis-related convictions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Low-FI states had more sociopolitical indicators aimed at improving food access, financial resources, equality and substance use-related regulations. Findings highlight the importance of adopting a holistic, sustainable, multilevel approach to effectively address the broader determinants of FI.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"e88"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13112305/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147514425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions of ultra-processed foods, food processing and food healthfulness among a cross-sectional national sample of US adults: do perceptions align with the evidence?","authors":"Anna Claire Tucker, Euridice Martínez-Steele, Daphne Abigail Barquera-Guevara, Cindy W Leung, Lindsey Smith Taillie, Julia A Wolfson","doi":"10.1017/S136898002610233X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S136898002610233X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>There is growing public health interest in ultra-processed foods (UPF), but limited research exploring consumers' perceptions of these foods in the United States. We aimed to characterise consumers' beliefs about UPF, the association between perceived food processing and perceived food healthfulness and alignment between consumers' perceptions and objective measures of food processing and healthfulness.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>In a cross-sectional survey, participants answered questions regarding their beliefs about UPF. They rated the healthfulness and processing levels of a random selection of ten out of forty possible foods. We used descriptive statistics to examine participant beliefs about UPF. We used linear regression models to test associations between perceived processing and perceived healthfulness and between objective and perceived measures of food healthfulness and processing.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>We fielded an online survey in the USA in November 2023.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>This study included US adults aged ≥ 18 years (<i>n</i> 4455).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-four percent of participants correctly identified UPF as 'Food products submitted to a series of industrial processing' and 52 % correctly identified UPF as, 'Food products that contain artificial ingredients'. However, one-third of participants believed UPF were genetically modified products. While foods with higher perceived processing tended to have lower perceived healthfulness and individuals perceived UPF as more processed and less healthful than minimally processed foods, healthfulness perceptions better aligned with Food Compass 2.0, a measure that integrates food processing and nutrient-profile.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Educational and policy efforts (e.g. food labeling) are needed to help consumers distinguish UPF and holistically assess the healthfulness of foods and beverages.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"e89"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13112312/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147514383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of household food insecurity in malnutrition among Indonesian children under 5 years of age: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2015-2025).","authors":"Rahayu Sutrisno, Irka Dwi Fatmawati, Agung Dwi Laksono, Widya Rahmawati, Nia Novita Wirawan, Dian Handayani","doi":"10.1017/S1368980026102365","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1368980026102365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To synthesise and quantify the association between household food insecurity (HFI) and various forms of malnutrition that include stunting, wasting, underweight, overnutrition and anaemia among Indonesian children under 5 years of age.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. The study included literature search, screening, data extraction, quality assessment using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tools and meta-analysis using Review Manager 5.4.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Studies conducted in Indonesia, covering urban, rural and mixed settings across multiple provinces.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Children under 5 years of age residing in Indonesia, from households assessed for food insecurity using validated tools.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of thirty-two studies met the inclusion criteria, of which twenty-six were eligible for meta-analysis. HFI was significantly associated with higher odds of stunting (case-control: OR = 4·66; 95 % CI: 3·39, 6·40; <i>P</i> < 0·001; cross-sectional: OR = 4·61; 95 % CI: 4·17, 5·11; <i>P</i> < 0·001), wasting (OR = 1·92; 95 % CI: 1·60, 2·32; <i>P</i> < 0·001), underweight (OR = 5·26; 95 % CI: 2·12, 13·04; <i>P</i> < 0·001) and overnutrition (OR = 1·66; 95 % CI: 1·49, 1·85; <i>P</i> < 0·001). Children in food-secure households had significantly lower odds of anaemia (OR = 0·41; 95 % CI: 0·30, 0·58; <i>P</i> < 0·001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HFI is strongly associated with multiple forms of malnutrition among Indonesian children under 5 years of age. These findings highlight the urgent need for integrated, nutrition-sensitive strategies that address food security to improve child health and reduce malnutrition in Indonesia.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"e86"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13112310/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147514443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}