Public Health Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Testing and adapting dietary habits and food security questions for a national nutrition survey using cognitive interviews and expert consultation.","authors":"Berit Follong, Caitlin Haliburton, Jacqueline Grey, Maria Maiquez, Sally Mackay, Lisa Te Morenga, Cliona Ni Mhurchu","doi":"10.1017/S1368980025101195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980025101195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To cognitively test questions for inclusion in a national nutrition survey, ensuring the questions are interpreted as intended and to inform further improvements.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A draft nutrition survey questionnaire was developed based on existing questionnaires and expert input. Twelve questions on dietary habits and food security were selected for cognitive testing as these were newly developed, amended from existing questions, or identified to no longer reflect the current food environment or concepts. Cognitive interviews were conducted using both think-aloud and probing techniques to capture respondents' thought processes used to arrive at an answer. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Qualitative data were analysed for recurring patterns and unique discoveries across the survey questions.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>New Zealand.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Sixty-eight participants aged 11 years and older representing diverse socio-demographics including gender, ethnicity, and education level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three main cognitive challenges were identified: 1) interpreting ambiguous terms, 2) understanding of dietary or technical terms, and 3) following complex or unclear instructions. Questions were refined based on the study findings and further advice from experts in nutrition and survey design to enhance participant understanding and accuracy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The cognitive testing findings and expert input led to the refinement and potential improvement of selected questions for inclusion in a national nutrition survey. Changes included simplified terminology, clearer instructions, improved examples, and better question order. Our methodological approach and findings may be valuable for those designing similar questions for dietary surveys.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-37"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Home Food Inventories and Food Procurement Practices During the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Michelle C Kegler, Cerra Antonacci, Shadé Owolabi, Ana Arana, Alexandra Morshed, Regine Haardӧrfer, Michelle C Kegler","doi":"10.1017/S1368980025101249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980025101249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine how home food inventories and food procurement practices changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross sectional baseline data from a randomized controlled trial of a home food environment intervention. Telephone interviews were conducted from October 2020 to December 2022.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Four 2-1-1 United Way agencies in Georgia, U.S.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>2-1-1 clients (n=602); 80.6% identified as Black and 90.9% as women. Mean age was 42.8 (SD=11.80). The majority were food insecure (73.4%) and received SNAP benefits (65.8%).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A majority of participants reported smaller inventories of fresh fruits and vegetables (65.1%) and unhealthy snacks (61.6%) in the home relative to before COVID-19. The majority (55.8%) also reported decreased shopping for fruits and vegetables, and decreased use of fast food for family meals (56.1%). Over half (56.2%) started to use a food pantry and 44.9% started ordering groceries online due to COVID-19. A COVID-19 stressors scale was significantly associated with decreased odds of a smaller fresh fruit and vegetable inventory [OR=0.61, CI 0.51, 0.73], and a smaller unhealthy snack inventory [OR=0.86, CI 0.74, 0.99]. COVID-19 stressors were also associated with changed food procurement practices including increased online grocery shopping [OR=1.19, CI 1.03, 1.37], and starting to use a food pantry [OR=1.31, CI 1.13, 1.51].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The pandemic had a significant impact on home food inventories and procurement practices. Understanding how major events such as pandemics affect home food environments may help to stave off negative nutritional outcomes from similar events in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empowering Haiti's poor; spatially explicit targeting of food policies.","authors":"D Atzori, B G J S Sonneveld, C F A van Wesenbeeck","doi":"10.1017/S1368980025101237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980025101237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to contribute to enhanced food security in Haiti through proposing targeted local interventions. Employing a spatially explicit tool, the research supports decision-making by relating undernutrition to socio-economic conditions and biophysical factors.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Georeferenced Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) conducted in 2016-2017 combined with spatial environmental information were used for a multivariate linear regression model to identify factors associated with stunting prevalence. Missing data were imputed through kernel density regression. We converted the structural relationship estimated for the territory of Haiti into a decision support tool by adding fixed effects at communal level. Various policy scenarios were analysed.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Haiti, with spatial data across the 134 communes.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>The analysis included 5623 children under five and their mothers, sourced from DHS data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Approximately 22% of all children were stunted. Implementation of the LimitedIntervention development scenario led to a 2.5% reduction in stunting, while the ModerateIntervention and FullIntervention scenarios achieved more significant reductions of 6% and 10%, respectively. Areas with highest stunting incidence benefit most from interventions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This tool supports decision makers by assessing the impact of interventions at commune level and selecting areas where interventions exert the most significant effects. The study suggests to apply a strategy that starts in relatively safe communes and then scales to other areas. The flexible approach adopted in this study allows applications in other countries or regions to assess the prevalence of undernutrition among children under five.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-35"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The digital marketing by big bubble tea brand in China in 2023: A content analysis.","authors":"Lin Wang, Navoda Nirmani Liyana Pathirana, Florentine Martino, Jia Ying Wu, Mengshan Ren, Kathryn Backholer","doi":"10.1017/S1368980025101110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980025101110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Bubble tea is known to have adverse health impacts due to its high sugar content. However, the influence of digital marketing on its consumption, especially among young people, remains unclear. This study aimed to describe the digital marketing strategies of Chinese bubble tea brands.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A content analysis of all marketing posts made by the top three Chinese bubble tea brands (by market share) - XIXUE, HEYTEA, and NAYUKI - on Bilibili between 1st of January 2023 and 31st of December 2023.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Bilibili, a popular social media platform among Chinese young people, in 2023.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Not applicable.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Branding is central to the digital marketing strategies of bubble team brands, with the majority of posts using brand logos (99%), branded effects (80.1%), and branded characters (63%), including children's characters (19%). Marketing strategies promoting user interaction were also common, reflected in the frequent use of hashtag campaigns (63%), general engagement strategies (43%), and competitions (10%). Cultural elements that are integrated into the marketing message to resonate with the audience's cultural identity were present in 47% of posts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Bubble tea brands are using a range of digital marketing strategies to engage consumers and build brand presence in the competitive bubble tea market in China. Measures to protect young consumers from the exposure of such marketing should be considered as a way of improving population diets and reducing excess weight gain.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Cost of Managing Moderate Wasting Using Local Foods: Evidence from Three Interventions in Northeast Nigeria.","authors":"Stacie Gobin, Margaret Holmesheoran, Pauline Adah, Halima Haruna, Amanda Yourchuck, Chloe Puett","doi":"10.1017/S1368980025101213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980025101213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Management of moderate wasting (MW) is an important component of country-level strategies to address wasting, given high caseloads and susceptibility to illness and death. However, many countries experience challenges in providing targeted supplementary feeding programs with specially-formulated foods (SFF) involved in managing MW. Some implementing agencies have developed a community-based program using locally-available foods (LF) for MW management known as Tom Brown (TB). This study assessed the costs and cost-efficiency of three TB programs (two with 8-weeks supplementation duration, one with 10-weeks duration).</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Northeast Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Program staff.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We assessed institutional costs and selected estimates of societal costs to households and community volunteers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total cost per child ranged from $155-184 per 8-week program and $493 per 10-week program. Monthly LF supplementation cost per child ranged from $5-21. Unit costs were influenced by implementation duration and variations in program features including storage and transportation models, the inclusion of voucher transfers, and volunteer cadre models. Opportunity costs to beneficiaries and volunteers in preparing recipes were substantial. Cash/voucher components, where used, represented a cost driver for institutional and societal costs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An updated WHO guideline emphasizes the role of LF for supplementing MW children who lack other risk factors. Given that SFFs are not necessary for all MW children to recover, program approaches using LF are important options for managing MW. This study from Nigeria provides the first cost estimates for using LF to manage MW. Future research is needed on effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of these approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-37"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145192699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proposed best-practice nutrition-related corporate reporting metrics for Australian food manufacturers, quick-service restaurants and retailers.","authors":"Jasmine Chan, Ella Robinson, Cliona Ni Mhurchu, Gary Sacks","doi":"10.1017/S1368980025101134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980025101134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To propose nutrition-related corporate reporting metrics for Australian packaged food manufacturers, retailers and quick service restaurants, and explore their feasibility of implementation.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Proposed metrics were developed based on: 1) a review of current corporate reporting frameworks and relevant literature to collate nutrition-related recommendations, metrics and principles of best practice reporting; and 2) adaptation of existing recommendations into reporting metrics. Interviews with representatives from 15 food companies were conducted to understand implementation considerations.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Australia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There are a wide range of existing globally-applicable nutrition-related recommendations and reporting metrics for food companies. Based on nine key principles identified for best practice corporate reporting on nutrition, we devised 41 reporting metrics (including five flagged as priorities) tailored to food companies operating in Australia across five focus areas: 'corporate strategy and governance', 'product formulation', 'nutrition labelling and information', 'promotion practices', and 'product accessibility and affordability'. Company representatives expressed support for the proposed metrics, noting that additional information technology infrastructure and resources would be required for their routine reporting by companies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The proposed set of reporting metrics offer evidence-based guidance for disclosure of nutrition-related actions by Australian food companies. The proposed metrics can inform government, public health groups and investors on best practice approaches to monitor corporate nutrition practices, and guide related policy decisions. Widespread implementation of the reporting metrics would be facilitated by integration with mandatory corporate sustainability reporting standards, with routine monitoring and enforcement by government, coupled with fit-for-purpose tools for comparing the healthiness of company product portfolios.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-33"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145186530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food insecurity and employment income: considerations regarding gender inequalities.","authors":"Aléxia Vieira de Abreu Rodrigues, Eloah Costa Sant'Anna Ribeiro, Rosana Salles-Costa","doi":"10.1017/S1368980025101201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980025101201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the associations among income from work, the gender of the reference person, family and food insecurity (FI).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This quantitative study used nationally representative data from the 2018 Brazilian Family Budget Survey.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The analyses estimated levels of food security and insecurity measured by the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale according to labor income determined by the minimum wage per capita (MWPC) and the sex of the reference person (female/male). The logistic regression model measured the interaction between work income and gender in association with household FI.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Brazilian families living in permanent households with at least one resident earning income from employment (n=48,625).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Households headed by women and with labor income ≤¼ MWPC had the highest percentage of moderate/severe FI (29.7%). In these families and households with lower levels of employment income headed by men, the highest probabilities of moderate/severe FI were observed, at 10.8 and 9.6, respectively, compared with families with higher levels of employment income headed by men.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Lower employment income contributes to FI in families, especially those that are headed by women. The socialization of care work and the reduction in paid labor hours contribute to greater access to the labor market for women and a lower likelihood of FI.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining Intra- and Inter-Device Reliability of Pressure-Mediated Reflection Spectroscopy in a Multi-State Sample of Healthy Adults.","authors":"Susan B Sisson, Emily Helms, Shanon Casperson, Saima Hasnin, Stephanie Jilcott Pitts, Virginia C Stage, Christopher R Long, Taren Massey-Swindle, Dipti A Dev, Ashlea Braun, Jodi D Stookey, Rowena Cape, Jonathan Baldwin","doi":"10.1017/S136898002510116X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S136898002510116X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the intra- and inter-device reliability of devices using pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy (the Veggie Meter®).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A cross-sectional research study was conducted across 8 sites in the United States. Using two Veggie Meters® at each site, participants completed five, counter-balanced pairs of finger scans. Intra-device comparisons included intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and calculation of the Coefficient of Variation (CV) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of each device/site; hypothesized to be ≤ 6%. Inter-device comparisons included ICC, Absolute Relative Differences (ARD) and 95% CI, and equivalence; both hypothesized to be ≤ 10%.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Eight sites across the United States.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Across sites, participants' (n=282) average age ranged 24.7-39.0 years; sex ranged 60.0%-85.7% women, and Non-Hispanic White ranged 20.0%-94.3%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intra-device ICC ranged from 0.77-0.99. The CV ranged from 6.2%-14.2%, with an average of 8.8%. A majority (63%; n=10) of the Veggie Meter® devices had significantly higher CV from the hypothesized 6%. Inter-device ICC ranged from 0.58-0.94. The Absolute Relative Difference (ARD) ranged from 7.5%-22.0%, with an average of 13.9%. ARD in a majority (n=5) of sites was significantly higher than the hypothesized 10%. Five sites (63%) demonstrated equivalence below the hypothesized 10%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study demonstrates the intra-device and inter-device reliability to be moderate to high, as per ICC. The observed margin of difference within a device was up to 14%, with an average of 9%. The observed margin of difference between devices was up to 22% with an average of 14% between devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-30"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145138681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voluntary Vitamin D Testing: A Decade-Long Study of Utilization Patterns and Impact on Deficiency Outcomes in Taiwan.","authors":"Hsiao-Yun Yeh, Mei-Lin Shih, Jei-Wen Chang, Liang-Yu Lin, Zih-Kai Kao, Ai-Ru Hsieh, Ping-Hsing Tsai, Jui-To Wang, Yu-Chun Chen","doi":"10.1017/S1368980025101183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980025101183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Although guidelines recommend targeted vitamin D testing for high-risk populations, testing has increased globally. Limited studies have examined real-world testing patterns and their relationship with deficiency outcomes. This study investigates trends, demographic determinants, and deficiency outcomes associated with voluntary vitamin D testing among Taiwanese adults.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A retrospective cohort study analyzing electronic medical records to assess vitamin D testing trends, demographic predictors of deficiency, and status changes following consecutive tests within two years. Vitamin D status was classified based on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels as deficient (<20 ng/mL), insufficient (20-29.9 ng/mL), or sufficient (≥30 ng/mL).</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>A tertiary medical center in Taiwan.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Between 2013 and 2022, 13,381 outpatients underwent voluntary vitamin D testing. After excluding those aged <18 years, with advanced renal disease, osteomalacia, rickets, or hyperparathyroidism, 8,383 were included in the final analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Testing increased sharply after 2019. Although women underwent twice as many tests, men had a higher deficiency prevalence (56.94% vs. 53.01%). Adults aged 18-34 had the highest prevalence (67.81%). Obstetrics and Gynecology specialists ordered the most tests, particularly for female infertility, with 65.73% of patients deficient. Among those with repeat tests, deficiency prevalence decreased from 60% to 43.25%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The increase in voluntary vitamin D testing with demographic disparities highlights the importance of understanding testing behaviors and public health implications. Improved vitamin D status at follow-up suggests potential benefits in identifying high-risk individuals and emphasizes the need for further research to evaluate outcomes and guide prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-29"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145138357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"School Staff Perspectives on Universal Free Meals in the US.","authors":"Sarah Martinelli, Emily M Melnick, Francesco Acciai, Ashley St Thomas, Punam Ohri-Vachaspati","doi":"10.1017/S1368980025101171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980025101171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>During the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Department of Agriculture allowed all US schools to offer meals at no cost regardless of family income, a policy known as Universal Free Meals (UFM). Despite the recognized benefits of UFM, the policy expired in June 2022. The goal of this study was to gather perceptions of school staff in Arizona about school meals, UFM, and the discontinuation of UFM.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This mixed-method study collected data using an online survey. Open-ended survey questions were analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis, and closed-ended questions were analyzed using descriptive analysis.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The survey was distributed to school staff in the two major metropolitan areas in Arizona between September and October 2022, soon after the UFM policy expired.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Survey responses were received from 1,255 school staff, including teachers, cafeteria staff, administrators, and other staff.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most school staff (93%) were supportive of UFM, and the support was consistent across all staff categories and across different political leanings. Thematic analysis demonstrated that staff felt UFM helped to meet students basic needs, reduced stigma, and lessened the burden on teachers to use their own resources to provide food to students. Despite strong support, some staff reported concerns about food quality, program waste, and time available for lunch.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>UFM policies were strongly supported by school staff, despite some concerns about program implementation. Understanding these views is important to the discussion of expanding UFM policies in the US and globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-30"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145138185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}