Public Health Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Why health systems cannot fix problems caused by food systems: a call to integrate accountability for obesity into food systems policy.","authors":"Erica Reeve, Penny Farrell, Anne Marie Thow, Senoveva Mauli, Dory Patay","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024001848","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1368980024001848","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Overweight and obesity now impact one-third of the entire adult population globally, and play a role in the development of 3 of the 4 more common causes of death. Accountability systems for obesity prevention centring on food environment policies and health system strengthening have been vital for raising awareness to the lack of progress in prevention. However, health systems have struggled to prevent and treat obesity - in part because critical food systems reforms largely lay outside the mandate of health sectors and with government agencies for agriculture, industry, infrastructure, trade and investment, and finance. In this commentary we highlight aspects of food systems that are driving poor diets and obesity, and demonstrate a powerful but largely overlooked opportunity for accountability mechanisms for obesity that better address food systems as a main driver. We draw on lessons generated in the Pacific Islands Region where they have demonstrated remarkable commitment to obesity prevention through food system reforms, and the adoption of accountability systems that bring leaders to account on these. We make recommendations for accountability mechanisms that facilitate greater cooperation of food systems sectors on obesity and NCD prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of and factors associated with overweight and obesity in patients with severe mental disorders in Shenzhen: results from the urban Chinese population.","authors":"Wei Shan, Zhijian Zhou, Guojun Wang, Xiaodong Peng","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024001988","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1368980024001988","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in patients with severe mental disorders (SMD) and the factors associated with their socio-demographic and disease characteristics in a cross-sectional population-based study.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This analysis examined the prevalence of overweight and obesity in 14 868 managed SMD patients in an urban area of Shenzhen city based on data from the health information monitoring system in 2021. Multivariate logistic regression were used to identify the factors associated with the prevalence of overweight and obesity in patients with SMD.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>China.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>14 868 patients with SMD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of overweight and obesity in patients with SMD in this study was 32·6 % and 16·1 %, respectively. In multivariate analysis, married status, Shenzhen household registration, management durations of 5-10 years and >10 years, participation in family physician services, taking clozapine or aripiprazole, FPG > 6·1 mmol/l, hypertension, TC ≥ 5·2 mmol/l, TG ≥ 1·7 mmol/l, and more frequent follow-ups in the past year were associated with higher odds of overweight and obesity. Compared to their respective reference categories, living with parents, spouse and children, taking risperidone, aripiprazole, amisulpride and perphenazine, FPG > 6·1 mmol/l, hypertension, TC ≥ 5·2 mmol/l, TG ≥ 1·7 mmol/l, and more frequent follow-ups in the past year were associated with higher odds of obesity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We observed a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in patients with SMD in this study. The findings highlight the need for integrated management of overweight and obesity risk factors among patients with SMD.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal iodine intake and infant temperament in a multiethnic US cohort.","authors":"Aderonke A Akinkugbe, Julia Duffy, Srimathi Kannan, Terryl J Hartman, Julio Landero, Michelle Bosquet Enlow, Robert O Wright, Xueying Zhang, Rosalind J Wright","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024001575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980024001575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Maternal iodine plays a central role in fetal neurodevelopment. It is recommended that pregnant women consume sufficient levels of iodine to accommodate increased need for mother and fetus. We examined associations among prenatal dietary and supplemental iodine intake and infant temperament.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>The PRogramming of Intergenerational Stress Mechanisms (PRISM) study is an ongoing longitudinal pregnancy cohort. Data from 2011 to 2020 were used for this study. Women completed the Block98 FFQ ascertaining prenatal dietary and supplemental iodine intake and the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised at infant age 6 months to ascertain infant temperament (Surgency/Extraversion, Negative Affectivity and Orienting/Regulation).</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>USA.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Mother-child dyads (<i>n</i> 892).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Women were primarily Black/Hispanic Black (44 %) and non-Black Hispanic (35 %) with 46 % reporting household income < $25 000/year. Nearly half had an estimated average requirement (EAR) < 160 µg/d (49 % based on dietary intake; 43 % based on diet and supplements). Girls born to women with an EAR ≥ 160 µg/d compared to girls born to women below this level had higher unadjusted extraversion scores for dietary plus supplemental intake (<i>β</i> = 0·23 (0·13, 0·33)); decreased to <i>β</i> = 0·05 (-0·08, 0·19) after adjusting for covariates. Boys born to women with an EAR ≥ 160 µg/d (based on diet and supplements) as compared to boys born to women below this level had statistically non-significant higher unadjusted negative affective score (<i>β</i> = 0·06 (-0·08, 0·20)) that became significantly lower upon covariate adjustment (<i>β</i> = -1·66 (-1·97, -1·35)).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A significant proportion of these women reported suboptimal prenatal iodine intake. Suboptimal prenatal iodine intake may have implications for child neurodevelopment evident as early as infancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of probiotics on selected anthropometrics and biochemical measures in overweight or obese Saudi subjects: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trial.","authors":"Samira M AlMalki, Hanan A Alfawaz, Turki A Binmoammar, Saleh F AlBahlei, Luluah M Al Bakr, Ahmed M Alzahrani, Salem S Alshammari, Syed Danish Hussain, Shaun Sabico, Nasser M Al-Daghri","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024002003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980024002003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to assess the effects of multi-strain probiotics on anthropometric and biochemical measures in Saudi adults with overweight or obesity.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Single-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trial.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Occupational Health Clinics at King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Ninety-three Saudi participants with overweight or obesity were randomly assigned to receive twice-daily doses of either placebo (<i>n</i> 49) or 30 × 10⁹ CFU/g of HEXBIO® containing three <i>Lactobacillus</i> and three <i>Bifidobacterium</i> species (<i>n</i> 44) in a double-blind manner over a 12-week period, respectively. Both groups adhered to a hypoenergetic diet. Anthropometric measurements, glycaemic indices and lipid profiles were evaluated at baseline and post-intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following the 12-week intervention, no statistically significant differences were found in all between the probiotic group and placebo group comparisons, except for fat intake, where the group*time interaction showed a significant decrease in favour of the probiotic group (<i>P</i> = 0·02). However, significant within-group reductions were observed in the probiotic group: body weight (-0·9 kg, <i>P</i> = 0·02), HC (-1·5 cm, <i>P</i> = 0·002), energy intake (-387·3 kcal/d, <i>P</i> = 0·002), fasting glucose (-0·7, <i>P</i> = 0·002) and LDL-cholesterol (-0·7, <i>P</i> = 0·02).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Consumption of multi-strain probiotic supplementation over 12 weeks significantly decreased fat intake in Saudi adults with overweight or obesity, with the probiotic group highlighting improved anthropometric and biochemical parameters. Further research is needed to evaluate the long-term clinical significance of this dietary practice and whether it has a meaningful impact on overall health beyond the placebo effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Behavioral Drivers of Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation and Vitamin A- and Iron-Rich Food Consumption among Women and Adolescent Girls in Niger.","authors":"Abigail Conrad, Jen Burns, Lisa Sherburne, Mamoudou Djibo Kaled, Hadiara Souley, Jennifer Nielsen","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024002192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980024002192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined drivers and barriers to iron and folic acid (IFA) supplementation and consumption of iron- and vitamin A-rich foods among women of reproductive age (WRA) and adolescent girls in Niger.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This was an exploratory qualitative study using focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>This study was conducted in the rural areas of three districts in Maradi and Zinder regions of southern Niger.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>The study included a purposive sample of 56 WRA (15-49 years), 34 non-pregnant adolescent girls (10-14 years), 105 family members and community leaders, 32 health workers, and 12 national and regional level stakeholders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Respondents demonstrated widespread knowledge of recommendations for IFA during pregnancy and had positive attitudes toward supplements. However, supply barriers were significant, and adherence was limited by side effects, among other constraints. Despite knowledge about and positive attitudes towards micronutrient source foods, respondents reported that limited food access was an overriding constraint to increasing consumption. WRA were seen as nutritionally vulnerable, however husbands were often not able to provide sufficient nutritious food and there was a cultural expectation that wives serve themselves food last. Adolescent girls were not seen as nutritionally vulnerable and there was little family support for their consumption of nutritious foods.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Projects should work with local actors to develop multi-pronged solutions that address supply and access barriers for IFA and micronutrient-rich foods and to improve social support for nutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the application of front-of-package labelling regulations to menu labelling in the Canadian restaurant sector using Menu Food Label Information and Price (Menu-FLIP) 2020 data.","authors":"Hayun Jeong, Yahan Yang, Christine Mulligan, Mary R L'Abbé","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024002143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980024002143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the application of front-of-package (FOP) labelling regulations to menu labelling in the Canadian restaurant sector by assessing the proportion of menu items that would be required to display the 'high-in' FOP symbol if the policy were extended to the restaurant sector.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Nutrition information of 18,760 menu items were collected from 141 chain restaurants in Canada. Menu items were evaluated using the mandatory FOP labelling regulations promulgated in Canada Gazette II by Health Canada in July of 2022.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Chain restaurants with ≥20 establishments in Canada.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Canadian chain restaurant menu items including beverages, desserts, entrées, sides, and starters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 77% of menu items in the Canadian restaurant sector would display a 'high-in' FOP symbol. Among these menu items, 43% would display 'high-in' one nutrient, 54% would display 'high-in' two, and 3% would display 'high-in' all three nutrients-of-concern. By nutrient, 52% were 'high-in' sodium, and 24% and 47% were 'high-in' total sugars and saturated fat, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Given the poor nutritional quality of restaurant foods, the current regulations, if applied to restaurant foods, would result in most menu items displaying a FOP symbol. Therefore, expanding the Canadian FOP labelling regulations to the restaurant sector can be key to ensuring a healthy food environment for Canadians. Furthermore, menu labelling along with other multi-faceted approaches such as reformulation targets are necessary to improve the dietary intake of Canadians from restaurant foods.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrient intake of young South African adults from the baseline of the African-PREDICT cohort study.","authors":"Marina Visser, Claudine Jordaan, Edelweiss Wentzel-Viljoen, Aletta Elisabeth Schutte, Tertia Van Zyl","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024002076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980024002076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to describe and compare the nutrient intake of young adults in the African Prospective Study on the Early Detection and Identification of Cardiovascular Disease and Hypertension (African-PREDICT) study according to ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional analysis of baseline nutrient intakes in the African-PREDICT study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>North West Province, South Africa.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Black and white adults (n=1153), aged 20-30 years, were classified into three SES groups. Dietary data were collected using three multiple-pass 24-hour dietary recalls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among all participants, over 70% failed to meet the Estimated Energy Requirements and the Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) for 17 of the 19 reported micronutrients. Across SES groups, more than 50% of participants consistently did not meet the EAR for calcium, magnesium, folate, pantothenic acid, and biotin, as well as vitamins A, C, D, and E. Participants' distribution by nutrient pattern tertiles showed high adherence to two patterns: one rich in animal protein and saturated fat, and the other in magnesium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, and fiber. This was seen only in white participants and high SES. Black participants and low SES showed higher adherence to a plant protein, B-vitamins, zinc, and iron nutrient pattern.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The dietary intake of young adults in this study was restricted, with none of the groups meeting nutrient requirements for essential nutrients. Further research is needed to establish a direct link between nutrient patterns and the early detection and identification of cardiovascular diseases and hypertension.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142522814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Canada's 2018 proposed and 2022 final front-of-pack labelling regulations using generic food composition data and a nationally representative dietary intake survey.","authors":"Jennifer J Lee, Christine Mulligan, Mavra Ahmed, Mary R L'Abbé","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024001496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980024001496","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of the study was to compare the potential dietary impact of proposed and final front-of-pack labelling (FOPL) regulations (published in <i>Canada Gazette I (CG1)</i> and <i>Canada Gazette II (CG2)</i>, respectively) by examining the difference in the prevalence of foods that would require a 'High in' front-of-pack nutrition symbol and nutrient intakes from those foods consumed by Canadian adults.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Foods in a generic food composition database (<i>n</i> 3676) were categorised according to the details of FOPL regulations in <i>CGI</i> and <i>CGII</i>, and the differences in the proportion of foods were compared. Using nationally representative dietary survey data, potential intakes of nutrients from foods that would display a 'High in' nutrition symbol according to <i>CGI</i> and <i>CGII</i> were compared.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Canada.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Canadian adults (≥ 19 years; <i>n</i> 13 495).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with <i>CGI</i>, less foods would display a 'High in' nutrition symbol (Δ = -6 %) according to <i>CGII</i> (saturated fat = -4 %, sugars = -1 %, sodium = -3 %). Similarly, potential intakes of nutrients-of-concern from foods that would display a 'High in' nutrition symbol were reduced according to <i>CGII</i> compared with <i>CGI</i> (saturated fat = -21 %, sugars = -2 %, sodium = -6 %). Potential intakes from foods that would display a 'High in' nutrition symbol were also reduced for energy and nutrients-to-encourage, including protein, fibre, calcium and vitamin D.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Changes to FOPL regulations may have blunted their potential to limit intakes of nutrients-of-concern; however, they likely averted potential unintended consequences on intakes of nutrients-to-encourage for Canadians (e.g. calcium and vitamin D). To ensure policy objectives are met, FOPL regulations must be monitored regularly and evaluated over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142522815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of vitamin D status and vitamin D supplementation on immune function and prevention of acute respiratory tract infections in dark-skinned individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Abigail R Bournot, Andrea L Darling, Ian D Givens, Julie A Lovegrove, Susan A Lanham-New, Kathryn H Hart","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024001861","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1368980024001861","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the evidence for a potential relationship between vitamin D status and vitamin D supplementation on immune function biomarkers and prevention of acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) in dark-skinned individuals.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Six databases were searched (inception to December 2021) for randomised controlled trials (RCT) and observational studies. A narrative synthesis and random-effects meta-analysis were used to synthesise the findings.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Not applicable.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Ethnic groups other than white, with or without a white comparator.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After duplicates were removed, 2077 articles were identified for screening. A total of eighteen studies (<i>n</i> 36 707), including seven RCT and 11 observational studies, met the inclusion criteria, and three RCT (<i>n</i> 5778) provided sufficient data of high enough quality to be included in a meta-analysis. An inverse association between vitamin D status and at least one inflammatory biomarker in black adults was found in three studies, and vitamin D status was inversely associated with ARTI incidence in black and Indigenous groups in two studies. There was no significant effect of vitamin D supplementation on differences in ARTI incidence in ethnic minority groups (OR, 1·40; 95 % CI: 0·70, 2·79; <i>P</i> = 0·34), nor African American (OR, 1·77; 95 % CI: 0·51, 6·19; <i>P</i> = 0·37) or Asian/Pacific (OR, 1·08; 95 % CI: 0·77, 2·68; <i>P</i> = 0·66) subgroups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is a lack of conclusive evidence supporting an association between vitamin D status and immune function or ARTI incidence in dark-skinned individuals. Further RCT in diverse ethnic populations are urgently needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and beliefs about dietary inorganic nitrate in a representative sample of adults from the United Kingdom.","authors":"Alex Griffiths, Evie Grainger, Jamie Matu, Shatha Alhulaefi, Eleanor Whyte, Eleanor Hayes, Kirsten Brandt, John C Mathers, Mario Siervo, Oliver M Shannon","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024002167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980024002167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Evaluate knowledge and beliefs about dietary nitrate among United Kingdom (UK)-based adults.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>An online questionnaire was administered to evaluate knowledge and beliefs about dietary nitrate. Overall knowledge of dietary nitrate was quantified using a 21-point Nitrate Knowledge Index. Responses were compared between sociodemographic groups.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>UK.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>A nationally representative sample of three hundred adults.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only 19% of participants had heard of dietary nitrate prior to completing the questionnaire. Most participants (∼70%) were unsure about the effects of dietary nitrate on health parameters (e.g., blood pressure, cognitive function, cancer risk) or exercise performance. Most participants were unsure of the average population intake (78%) and acceptable daily intake (ADI) (83%) of nitrate. Knowledge of dietary sources of nitrate was generally low, with only ∼30% of participants correctly identifying foods with higher/lower nitrate contents. Almost none of the participants had deliberately purchased, or avoided purchasing, a food based around its nitrate content. Nitrate Knowledge Index scores were generally low (median[IQR]: 5[8]), but were significantly higher in individuals who were currently employed vs. unemployed (median[IQR]: 5[7]vs.4[7]; <i>p</i><0.001), in those with previous nutrition education vs. no nutrition education (median[IQR]: 6[7]vs.4[8]; <i>p=</i>0.012), and in individuals who had heard of nitrate prior to completing the questionnaire vs. those who had not (median [IQR]: 9[8]vs.4[7]; <i>p</i><0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates low knowledge around dietary nitrate in UK-based adults. Greater education around dietary nitrate may be valuable to help individuals make more informed decisions about their consumption of this compound.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}