Public Health Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Household Food Insecurity and Physical Activity Behavior in Ecuadorian Children and Adolescents: Findings from the ENSANUT-2018","authors":"Rishika Chakraborty, Rodrigo X. Armijos, M. Margaret Weigel","doi":"10.1017/s1368980024000351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1368980024000351","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Ecuador has a high prevalence of household food insecurity (HFI) and is undergoing nutritional and epidemiologic transition. Evidence from high-income countries has reported negative or null associations between HFI and physical activity (PA) in children. It remains uncertain whether the same is true of those from low- and middle-income countries like Ecuador whose environmental and sociodemographic characteristics are distinct from those of high-income countries. We aimed to investigate the association of HFI with PA, sedentary behavior (SB), and anthropometric indicators in children. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of data from the nationally representative 2018 Ecuadorian National Health and Nutrition Survey. Data were collected on HFI, PA, SB, sociodemographic characteristics, and measured height and weight. Unadjusted and adjusted linear, log-binomial, and multinomial logistic regression analyses assessed the relationship of HFI with PA, SB, stunting, and BMI-for-age. Setting: Ecuador Participants: 23,621 children aged 5-17 years Results: Marginal and moderate-severe HFI was prevalent in 24% and 20% of the households, respectively. HFI was not associated with PA, SB, stunting nor underweight. Moderate-severe HFI was associated with a lower odds of overweight and obesity. However, adjustment for household assets attenuated this finding for overweight (adjusted OR:0.90, 95% CI:0.77, 1.05) and obesity (adjusted OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.71, 1.08). Conclusion: HFI is a burden in Ecuadorian households, but is not associated with PA, SB nor anthropometric indicators in children aged 5 -17. However, a concerning prevalence of insufficient PA was reported, emphasizing the critical need for evidence-based interventions aimed at promoting PA and reducing SB.","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139661714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of three prediction formulas of 24-hour urinary sodium excretion in Chinese residents: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Zijing Qi, Shuai Tang, Beike Wu, Yanxing Li, Hongmei Yang, Kunbo Wang, Zhifang Li","doi":"10.1017/s1368980024000168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1368980024000168","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the appropriateness of three widely used formulas estimating 24-hour urinary Na (24hUNa) from spot urine samples in the Chinese population. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis Setting: Literature review was conducted to identify studies for estimating 24hUNa using the Kawasaki, Tanaka, and INTERSALT formulas simultaneously in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library databases. The mean difference (MD) and correlation coefficients (r) between measures and estimates from different formulas were assessed. Subjects: Information extraction and quality assessment were performed in thirteen studies involving 8369 subjects. Results: Two studies which affected the overall robustness were excluded in the “leave-one-out” sensitivity analyses. Within the final meta-analysis included 11 studies and 7197 participants, 36.07 mmol/day (95%CI: 16.89, 55.25) of MD was observed in the Kawasaki formula, and -19.62 mmol/day (95%CI: -37.37, -1.87) in the Tanaka formula and -35.78 mmol/day (95%CI: -50.76, -20.80) in the INTERSALT formula; a pooled r-Fisher 'Z of 0.39 (95%CI: 0.32, 0.45) in the Kawasaki formula, 0.43 (95%CI: 0.37, 0.49) in the Tanaka formula and 0.36 (95%CI: 0.31, 0.42) in the INTERSALT formula. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore the possible factors affecting the accuracy of the formula estimation from three mainly aspects: population types, sodium intake levels and urine specimen types. Conclusions: The meta-analysis suggested that the Tanaka formula performed a more accurate estimate in Chinese population. Time of collecting spot urine specimens and sodium intake level of the sample population might be the main factors affecting the accuracy of the formula estimation.","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139669791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the prospective acceptability of a healthy food incentive program from the perspective of people with type 2 diabetes and experiences of household food insecurity in Alberta, Canada","authors":"Saania Tariq, Dana Lee Olstad, Reed F Beall, Eldon Spackman, Lorraine Lipscombe, Sharlette Dunn, Bonnie M Laschewicz, Meghan J Elliott, David JT Campbell","doi":"10.1017/s1368980024000429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1368980024000429","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: FoodRx is a 12-month healthy food prescription incentive program for people with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and experiences of household food insecurity. In this study, we aimed to explore potential users’ prospective acceptability (acceptability prior to program use) of the design and delivery of the FoodRx incentive and identify factors influencing prospective acceptability. Design: We used a qualitative descriptive approach and purposive sampling to recruit individuals who were interested or uninterested in using the FoodRx incentive. Semi-structured interviews were guided by the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability and corresponding interview transcripts were analyzed using differential qualitative analysis guided by the socioecological model. Setting: Individuals living in Alberta, Canada. Participants: 15 adults with T2DM and experiences of household food insecurity. Results: People who were interested in using the FoodRx incentive (n=10) perceived it to be more acceptable than those who were uninterested (n=5). We identified four themes that captured factors that influenced users’ prospective acceptability: i) participants’ confidence, views, and beliefs of FoodRx design and delivery and its future use (intrapersonal), ii) the shopping routines and roles of individuals in participants’ social networks (interpersonal), iii) access to and experience with food retail outlets (community), and iv) income and food access support to cope with the cost of living (policy). Conclusion: Future healthy food prescription programs should consider how factors at all levels of the socioecological model influence program acceptability and use these data to inform program design and delivery.","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139661605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Changes in Home Food Availability and Concurrent Associations with Food and Nutrient Intake Among Children at 24 to 48 Months","authors":"Jennifer M. Barton, Arden L. McMath, Stewart P. Montgomery, Sharon M. Donovan, Barbara H. Fiese","doi":"10.1017/s1368980024000375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1368980024000375","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To describe changes in home food availability during early childhood, including modified, developmentally sensitive obesogenic scores, and to determine whether home food availability is associated with food and nutrient intakes of children concurrently, over time. Design: Data were drawn from the STRONG Kids 2 longitudinal, birth cohort to achieve the study objectives. Home food availability was assessed with the Home Food Inventory (HFI) and included 15 food groups (e.g., fruit, vegetables) and 3 obesogenic scores (1 original and 2 modified). Food and nutrient intakes were measured using the Block Food Frequency Questionnaire and included 27 food groups and 18 nutrients (e.g., vitamins A and C, protein). HFI and FFQ were completed by trained researchers or mothers, respectively, at 24, 36, and 48 months. Repeated measures ANOVAs and Spearman correlations were used to achieve the study objectives. Setting: Central Illinois, United States. Participants: 468 children at 24, 36 and 48 months of age. Results: Availability of less nutritious foods and obesogenic foods and beverages increased as children aged, and availability of both nutritious and less nutritious foods were associated with child food and nutrient intake. The 3 obesogenic scores demonstrated similar, positive associations with the intake of energy, saturated fat, added sugars, and kilocalories from sweets. Conclusion: These findings offer novel insight into changes in home food availability and associations with food and nutrient intake during early childhood. Additional attention is needed examining antecedents (e.g., built environments, purchasing behaviors) and consequences (e.g., child diet quality, weight) of home food availability.","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139667389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Caffeine Dilemma: Unraveling the Intricate Relationship Between Caffeine Use Disorder, Caffeine Withdrawal Symptoms, and Mental Wellbeing in Adults","authors":"Mahmut BODUR, Seda KAYA, Merve İLHAN-ESGİN, Funda Pınar ÇAKIROĞLU, Ayşe Özfer ÖZÇELİK","doi":"10.1017/s1368980024000399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1368980024000399","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship between caffeine use disorder (CUD), caffeine withdrawal symptoms, and the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress (DASS) in adults. Design: The study utilized a cross-sectional design to assess the relationships between CUD, caffeine withdrawal symptoms, and DASS. Setting: Participants’ CUD was evaluated through the Caffeine Use Disorder Questionnaire (CUDQ), while the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) measured DASS levels. Caffeine withdrawal symptoms and total caffeine intake were calculated based on self-reported consumption of caffeine-rich products. Participants: The study involved 618 participants with an average age of 27.8±7.8 years. Results: Participants consumed an average of 461.21±11.09 mg/day of caffeine, showing a positive correlation between CUD and total caffeine intake. The risk of CUD increased alongside levels of DASS. Individuals with caffeine withdrawal symptoms had higher CUDQ and DASS scores. A multiple linear regression model revealed significant associations between total caffeine intake (p<0.001) and DASS-21 score (p<0.001) with CUDQ score. Conclusions: The study concluded that caffeine, while recognized for its potential health benefits, also exhibits properties that may lead to addiction. The development of caffeine use disorder and cessation of caffeine intake can increase DASS levels in adults, indicating the need for awareness and appropriate interventions in public health nutrition.","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139661718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying barriers and facilitators to increase fibre intakes in UK primary school children and exploring the acceptability of intervention components: a UK qualitative study.","authors":"Angela S Donin, Lucy P Goldsmith, Clare Sharp, Charlotte Wahlich, Peter H Whincup, Michael H Ussher","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024000089","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1368980024000089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Within the UK, dietary fibre intakes are well below recommended intakes and associated with increased risk of obesity. This study aimed to explore the views of parents and children on barriers and facilitators to increasing fibre intakes and improving diets, alongside investigating the appropriateness of intervention components to overcome modifiable barriers.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Qualitative study including semi-structured interviews and focus groups informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and the Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B) model.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Year 5 children (aged 9-10-years) and parents, recruited through London primary schools.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of twenty-four participants (eleven parents and thirteen children) took part. Five key themes were identified as barriers and facilitators, namely lack of (and improving) knowledge, social factors (including parent-child conflicts, limited time for food preparation, influence of peer and family members), current eating habits, influence of the school, community and home environment in shaping eating behaviours, and the importance of choice and variety in finding foods that are healthy and tasty. Parents strongly supported school-based dietary interventions to enable consistent messaging at home and school and help support dietary behaviour change. Practical sessions (such as workshops to strengthen knowledge, taste tests and food swap ideas) were supported by parents and children.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>By using a theory-driven approach to explore the barriers and facilitators to increasing fibre intake, this research identified important themes and modifiable barriers to behaviour change and identifies acceptable intervention components to overcome barriers and bring about sustained dietary behaviour change in primary school children.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10897578/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139651592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complementarity between the updated version of the front-of-pack nutrition label Nutri-Score and the food-processing NOVA classification.","authors":"Barthélemy Sarda, Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot, Valérie Deschamps, Pauline Ducrot, Pilar Galan, Serge Hercberg, Melanie Deschasaux-Tanguy, Bernard Srour, Leopold K Fezeu, Mathilde Touvier, Chantal Julia","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024000296","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1368980024000296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the initial and the updated versions of the front-of-pack label Nutri-Score (related to the nutritional content) with the NOVA classification (related to the degree of food processing) at the food level.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Using the OpenFoodFacts database - 129,950 food products - we assessed the complementarity between the Nutri-Score (initial and updated) with the NOVA classification through a correspondence analysis. Contingency tables between the two classification systems were used.</p><p><strong>Settings: </strong>The food offer in France.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Not applicable.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>With both versions (i.e. initial and updated) of the Nutri-Score, the majority of ultra-processed products received medium to poor Nutri-Score ratings (between 77·9 % and 87·5 % of ultra-processed products depending on the version of the algorithm). Overall, the update of the Nutri-Score algorithm led to a reduction in the number of products rated A and B and an increase in the number of products rated D or E for all NOVA categories, with unprocessed foods being the least impacted (-3·8 percentage points (-5·2 %) rated A or B and +1·3 percentage points (+12·9 %) rated D or E) and ultra-processed foods the most impacted (-9·8 percentage points (-43·4 %) rated A or B and +7·8 percentage points (+14·1 %) rated D or E). Among ultra-processed foods rated favourably with the initial Nutri-Score, artificially sweetened beverages, sweetened plant-based drinks and bread products were the most penalised categories by the revision of Nutri-Score while low-sugar flavoured waters, fruit and legume preparations were the least affected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results indicate that the update of the Nutri-Score reinforces its coherence with the NOVA classification, even though both systems measure two distinct health dimensions at the food level.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10897572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139651590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct and indirect associations of experience of racial discrimination, dietary patterns and obesity in adults from southern Brazil.","authors":"Marcos Fanton, Ylana Elias Rodrigues, Ilaine Schuch, Caroline Marques de Lima Cunha, Marcos Pascoal Pattussi, Raquel Canuto","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024000338","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1368980024000338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyse the direct and indirect associations of experience of racial discrimination on dietary patterns (DP), obesity and abdominal obesity.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This is a cross-sectional population-based study. The main exposure was self-reported experiences of racial discrimination (Experiences of Discrimination scale). The mediator variables were the DP: healthy, Brazilian traditional, sugar and carbohydrates, and fast food. The outcomes were obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) and abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥ 88 cm for women; ≥ 102 cm for men). Structural equation modelling was applied.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Porto Alegre, Brazil.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Totally, 400 adults aged between 20 and 70 years were participated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of participants was 47·2 years (sd = 13·9), and 75 % were women. Experiencing racial discrimination had a positive direct effect on obesity (healthy DP: <i>β</i> = 0·153, <i>P</i> < 0·05; Brazilian DP: <i>β</i> = 0·156, <i>P</i> < 0·05; sugar and carbohydrates DP: <i>β</i> = 0·156, <i>P</i> < 0·05; and fast-food DP: <i>β</i> = 0·153, <i>P</i> < 0·05) and abdominal obesity (healthy DP: <i>β</i> = 0·206, <i>P</i> < 0·01; Brazilian DP: <i>β</i> = 0·210, <i>P</i> < 0·01; sugar and carbohydrates DP: <i>β</i> = 0·204, <i>P</i> < 0·01; and fast-food DP: <i>β</i> = 0·204, <i>P</i> < 0·01). The experience of racial discrimination did not have a direct effect on DP, nor did it exert an indirect effect on obesity and abdominal obesity through any DP.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A higher experience of racial discrimination is associated with obesity and abdominal obesity, independent of diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10897576/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139651591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An overview of the nutritional status of childbearing age women, children and adolescents living in a rural area of Madagascar: preliminary results of the Tany Vao project.","authors":"Maria Vittori Conti, Leila Itani, Alice Beretta, Kassandra Yaghi, Asia Filosa, Cristina Monti, Hellas Cena","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024000259","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1368980024000259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the food consumption, nutrition knowledge and nutritional assessment of childbearing age women and their children, living in rural villages in Madagascar. The results presented are related to the Tany Vao research study.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A cross-sectional pilot study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The study was carried out in Ampanitosoha village on Nosy Mitsio island in Madagascar.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>32 women (14-49 years) and 36 children and adolescents (2-17 years).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>70 % of the women lacked nutrition knowledge and did not reach the Minimum Dietary Diversity Index for Women cut-off. The median BMI was 21·1 kg/m² but 55·2 % of the women exceeded the cut-off for waist-to-hip ratio, 51·7 % for waist-to-height ratio and 81·2 % for mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). Almost all had adequate intake of energy, protein and carbohydrates, while 27·6 % had excessive fat intake and 75·9 % of added sugars. Over half of the women did not meet the micronutrients Reference Daily Intake (RDI). For children, the MUAC z-score was lower for boys than for girls (<i>P</i>-value = 0·041).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results underline the importance of increasing women's nutritional knowledge to promote healthy pregnancy and lactation. Moreover, it is fundamental to provide people living in rural areas with sustainable tools to improve dietary diversity and support long-term health.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10882536/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139571243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediators and moderators of the effects of a school-based intervention on adolescents' fruit and vegetable consumption: the HEIA study.","authors":"Merel Celine Daas, Mekdes Kebede Gebremariam, Maartje P Poelman, Lene Frost Andersen, Knut-Inge Klepp, Mona Bjelland, Nanna Lien","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024000260","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1368980024000260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine whether targeted determinants mediated the effects of the HEalth In Adolescents (HEIA) intervention on fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption and explore if these mediating effects were moderated by sex, parental education or weight status.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cluster-randomised controlled trial.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The HEIA study (2007-2009) was a Norwegian 20-month multi-component school-based intervention to promote healthy weight development. FV consumption and targeted determinants were self-reported at baseline, mid-way (8 months) and post-intervention (20 months).</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Adolescents (11-13-year-old) in twenty-five control schools (<i>n</i> 746) and twelve intervention schools (<i>n</i> 375).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At post-intervention, more adolescents in the intervention group compared with the control group had knowledge of the FV recommendations (OR: 1·4, 95 % CI 1·1, 1·9) and reported a decreased availability of vegetables at home (<i>β</i>: -0·1, 95 % CI -0·2, 0·0). Availability/accessibility of FV at home, availability of vegetables at dinner, taste preferences for different types of FV and knowledge of the FV recommendations were positively associated with the consumption of FV. However, none of the post-intervention determinants significantly mediated the intervention effects on FV consumption. Although no moderating influences by sex, parental education or weights status were observed on the mediating effects, exploratory analyses revealed significant moderations in the b-paths.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Since none of the targeted determinants could explain the increase in FV consumption, it remains unclear why the intervention was effective. Reporting on a wide range of mediators and moderators in school-based interventions is needed to reveal the pathways through which intervention effects are achieved.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10882531/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139547086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}