Public Health Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Status of prevention of neural tube defects post-folic acid fortification of cereal grains in South Africa.","authors":"Vijaya Kancherla, Phillip Randall, Arnold L Christianson, Helen Louise Malherbe","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024002271","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1368980024002271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Neural tube defects (NTD) are serious, life-threatening birth defects. Staple food fortification with folic acid (vitamin B₉) is a proven, effective intervention to reduce NTD birth prevalence. Mandatory food fortification with folic acid was implemented in South Africa (SA) in 2003. This article provides an overview of NTD birth prevalence in SA, pre- and post-fortification, and evaluates current folic acid fortification regulations.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Fortification effectiveness data in SA were reviewed using published studies and national reports on NTD birth prevalence pre- and post-folic acid fortification. Current folic acid fortification regulations in SA were evaluated by experts.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Regulations were assessed using national health guidelines, legislation and regulations. NTD birth prevalence data were sourced from the published literature.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>None.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant reductions in the birth prevalence of spina bifida and anencephaly and improved maternal folate levels have been achieved following the introduction of folic acid fortification in SA. However, there is poor overall regulatory compliance in some instances and a gap in current regulations that excludes the fortification of cake flour in SA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While the SA NTD birth prevalence has decreased by 30% post-fortification, the regulatory exclusion of cake flour fortification is a significant and growing issue. Proposed 2016 regulatory amendments to address this gap urgently require finalisation and enactment by government to prevent negating benefits achieved to date and to ensure continued improvement. Fortification monitoring requires strengthening to ensure widespread compliance with policies, particularly in underserved areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"e258"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11705007/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142751510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strengthening the governance of food systems for nutrition in Africa: a political economy analysis of food policy in South Africa and Ghana.","authors":"Anne Marie Thow, David Neves, Robert Aidoo, Linda Nana Esi Aduku, Busiso Moyo, Charles Apprey, Florian Kroll, Reginald Annan","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024001356","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1368980024001356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine underlying political economy factors that enable or impede the integration of nutrition considerations into food system governance.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Comparative political economy analysis of data collected through (1) value chain analyses of selected healthy and unhealthy commodities and (2) food system policy analyses, using a theoretical framework focused on power, politics, interests and ideas.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Ghana and South Africa.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Value chain actors relevant to healthy and unhealthy foods (Ghana <i>n</i> 121; South Africa <i>n</i> 72) and policy stakeholders from government (Health, Agriculture, Trade and Industry, Finance), academia, civil society, development partners, Civil Society Organization (CSO) and private sector (Ghana <i>n</i> 28; South Africa <i>n</i> 48).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nutrition was a stated policy priority in both countries; however, policy responsibility was located within the health sector, with limited integration of nutrition into food system sectors (including Agriculture, Trade and Industry). Contributing factors included a conceptions of policy responsibilities for nutrition and food systems, dominant ideas and narratives regarding the economic role of the food industry and the purpose of food system policy, the influence of large food industry actors, and limited institutional structures for cross-sectoral engagement and coordination.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Integrating nutrition into multi-sectoral food policy to achieve multiple food system policy goals will require strategic action across jurisdictions and regional levels. Opportunities included increasing investment in healthy traditional foods, strengthening urban/rural linkages and informal food systems, and strengthening institutional structures for policy coherence and coordination related to nutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":"27 1","pages":"e243"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11705015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142740368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in food and nutrition behaviours, knowledge and attitudes among youth in six countries: findings from the 2019-2021 International Food Policy Study Youth Surveys.","authors":"Rachel B Acton, Christine M White, Karen Hock, Lana Vanderlee, David Hammond","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024002416","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1368980024002416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This commentary highlights the release of findings now available in the report <i>International Food Policy Study Youth Surveys: Summary of Findings 2019-2021.</i></p><p><strong>Design: </strong>The survey data described in this commentary consist of repeated cross-sectional surveys conducted annually beginning in 2019.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Online surveys were conducted in 2019 to 2021 among respondents living in Australia, Canada, Chile, Mexico, the United Kingdom and the USA.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Survey respondents were youth aged 10-17 years in 2019 (<i>n</i> 12 031), 2020 (<i>n</i> 11 108) and 2021 (<i>n</i> 10 459).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The report described in this commentary summarises findings on food and nutrition behaviours, attitudes and knowledge among youth, including their diet sources and patterns, school nutrition environments, food security, diet intentions, weight perceptions and weight loss behaviours, sugary drink perceptions, awareness of public education and mass media campaigns, perceptions of food labels and exposure to food and beverage marketing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results from the IFPS Youth surveys provide important insights into key policies of global interest, including front-of-package nutrition labelling, levies on sugary beverages and restrictions on marketing unhealthy food and beverages to children. As policymakers continue to seek effective strategies to improve adolescent health outcomes, ongoing cross-country monitoring of food and nutrition-related indicators, such as the data from the International Food Policy Study, will be critical in assessing dietary trends and evaluating upcoming policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"e256"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11705019/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142731877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adult dietary patterns and their association with iodine nutrition levels and thyroid function: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Gulinaizeer Abuduwaili, Jia Huang, Yan Ma, Hongguang Sun","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024002404","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1368980024002404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To understand the dietary patterns of adults and explore their association with iodine nutritional levels and thyroid function in adults.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We randomly collected 5 ml of adult urine samples and measured urinary iodine concentration (UIC) by cerium arsenate-catalysed spectrophotometry. A serum sample of 5 ml was collected for the determination of free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine and thyrotropin, and diet-related information was collected through a FFQ. Dietary patterns were extracted by principal component analysis, and the relationship between dietary patterns and iodine nutrition levels and thyroid function was explored.</p><p><strong>Settings: </strong>A cross-sectional study involving adults in Xinjiang, China, was conducted.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>A total of 435 adults were enrolled in the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall median urinary iodine of the 435 respondents was 219·73 μg/l. The dietary patterns were PCA1 (staple food pattern), PCA2 (fruit, vegetable and meat pattern), PCA3 (fish, shrimp and legume pattern) and PCA4 (dairy-based protein pattern). The correlation analyses showed that PCA1 and PCA3 were positively correlated with the UIC. The results of the multivariable analysis showed that PCA1, Q1, Q2 and Q3 were associated with an increased risk of iodine deficiency compared with Q4 ((OR): 260·41 (95 % CI: 20·16, 663·70)), 59·89 (5·64, 335·81), and 2·01 (0·15, 26·16), respectively). In PCA2, Q3 was associated with an increased risk of iodine deficiency compared with Q4 (OR: 0·16 (0·05, 0·53)). In PCA3, Q3 was associated with an increased risk of iodine deficiency compared with Q4 (OR: 0·23 (0·06, 0·90)). In PCA4, Q1 was associated with an increased risk of iodine deficiency compared with Q4 (OR: 31·30 (4·88, 200·64)).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated that of the four dietary patterns, the least dependent staple food pattern (Q1) had a higher risk of iodine deficiency compared with the most dependent staple food pattern (Q4). However, the current evidence on the effect of dietary patterns on thyroid function needs to be validated by further longitudinal studies that include long-term follow-up, larger sample sizes and repeated measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"e4"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142731965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food environments in the Pacific region and efforts to improve them: a scoping review.","authors":"Sela Ki Folau Fusi, Clara Gómez-Donoso, Kathryn Backholer, Jennifer Browne, Megan Ferguson, Adrian J Cameron","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024002350","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1368980024002350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To understand the characteristics of food environments in the Pacific region, and the broader economic, policy and sociocultural surroundings that influence food choices and interventions to improve food environments for Pacific communities.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Systematic searches were conducted for articles related to food environments or factors influencing food choices from 1993 to 2024 in five academic databases, Google, Google Scholar and relevant organisations' websites. Studies were included if they meet the eligibility criteria. Two authors independently reviewed the title and abstract of identified articles. Full-text screening was conducted before data were extracted from eligible studies. A narrative analysis was informed by an existing food environments framework.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Pacific Island countries or territories that are a member of the Pacific Community (SPC).</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Not applicable.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From the sixty-six included studies (of 2520 records screened), it was clear that food environments in the Pacific region are characterised by high availability and promotion of ultra-processed unhealthy foods. These foods were reported to be cheaper than healthier alternatives and have poor nutritional labelling. Food trade and investment, together with sociocultural and political factors, were found to contribute to unhealthy food choices. Policy interventions have been implemented to address food environments; however, the development and implementation of food environment policies could be strengthened through stronger leadership, effective multisectoral collaboration and clear lines of responsibility.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Interventions focused on improving physical, economic, policy and sociocultural influences on food choices should be prioritised in the Pacific region to improve the food environment and mitigate barriers to healthy eating.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"e5"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736657/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142716402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Violence, mental health and nutritional status in pregnant women: the Araraquara Cohort Study.","authors":"Leonardo Domingos Biagio, Delanjathan Devakumar, Paula Louro da Silva, Rossana Verónica Mendoza López, Perla Pizzi Argentato, Liania Alves Luzia, Patrícia Helen Carvalho Rondó","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024002295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980024002295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the relationship between violence and the nutritional status of pregnant women, and whether mental health could be a mediator in this relationship.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study. Violence and mental health status were investigated using the following questionnaires: World Health Organization Violence Against Women (WHO-VAW), Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Demographic, socioeconomic, obstetric, and lifestyle factors (smoking/alcohol consumption) were also investigated. The nutritional status of the women was assessed by the body mass index.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Data were collected from February 2021 to August 2022 in Araraquara city, Brazil.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Four hundred pregnant women recruited at 34 health units and the municipal maternity hospital.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Experience of violence was reported by 52.2% of the women and psychological violence in the last 12 months was the most prevalent type of domestic violence (19.5%). Approximately 43% of the women showed mental health changes and 59.7% had a risk of major depression. Women with mental health changes had an increased risk (OR=2.34) of obesity. Psychological violence in the last 12 months was associated with obesity (p=0.01) when mediated by mental health changes. The mediation effect was significant (β=0.708; 95%BCa CI=0.004-1.460), with mental health changes mediating 46.1% of the relationship between psychological violence and obesity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The relationship between psychological violence and obesity during pregnancy was mediated by changes in mental health. This original study shows that nutritional status is not limited to biological factors and highlights the importance of social, mental, and psychological factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-29"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142716713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Starch intake and caries increment: A longitudinal study in Finnish adults.","authors":"Fariah H Jangda, Annaliisa L Suominen, Annamari Lundqvist, Satu Männistö, Ali Golkari, Eduardo Bernabé","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024002398","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1368980024002398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate whether changes in starch intake (in terms of amount and food sources) were associated with increments in dental caries among adults.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This is an 11-year longitudinal study (2000-2011) with duplicate assessments for all variables. A 128-item FFQ was used to estimate intake of starch (g/d) and six starch-rich food groups (potatoes, potato products, roots and tubers, pasta, wholegrains and legumes). Dental caries was assessed through clinical examinations and summarised using the number of decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT score). The relationship between quintiles of starch intake and DMFT score was tested in linear hybrid models adjusting for confounders.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Northern and Southern regions of Finland.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>922 adults, aged 30-88 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean starch intake was 127·6 (sd: 47·8) g/d at baseline and 120·7 (55·8) g/d at follow-up. Mean DMFT score was 21·7 (6·4) and 22·4 (6·2) at baseline and follow-up. Starch intake was inversely associated with DMFT score cross-sectionally (rate ratio for highest <i>v</i>. lowest quintile of intake: -2·73, 95 % CI -4·64, -0·82) but not longitudinally (0·32, 95 % CI -0·12, 0·76). By food sources, the intakes of pasta (-2·77, 95 % CI -4·21, -1·32) and wholegrains (-1·91, 95 % CI -3·38, -0·45) were negatively associated with DMFT score cross-sectionally but not longitudinally (0·03, 95 % CI -0·33, 0·39 and -0·10, 95 % CI -0·44, 0·24, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Changes in the amount and sources of starch intake were not associated with changes in dental caries. Further studies should be conducted in different settings and age groups while focusing on starch digestibility and specific sources of starch.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"e263"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11705017/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142716622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating reformulation in the Canadian food supply between 2017 and 2020 and its impact on food prices.","authors":"Emily R Ziraldo, Guanlan Hu, Ayesha Khan, Mary R L'Abbé","doi":"10.1017/S136898002400226X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S136898002400226X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined the relationship between reformulation and food price in Canadian packaged foods and beverages between 2017 and 2020.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Matched foods and beverages in the University of Toronto Food Label Information and Price 2017 and 2020 databases were analysed (<i>n</i> 5774). Price change by food category and by retailer were compared using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. The proportion of products with changes in calories and nutrient levels were determined, and mixed-effects models were used to examine the relationship between reformulation and price changes. The Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) nutrient profiling model was applied to calculate nutritional quality scores, and mixed-effects models were used to assess if changes in nutritional quality score were associated with price changes.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Large grocery retailers by market share in Canada.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Foods and beverages available in 2017 and 2020.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Food price changes differed by retailer and by food category (e.g. increased in Bakery, Snacks, etc; decreased in Beverages, Miscellaneous, etc.). Nutrient reformulation was minimal and bidirectional with the highest proportion of products changing in sodium (17·8 %; 8·4 % increased and 9·4 % decreased). The relationship between nutrient reformulation and price change was insignificant for all nutrients overall and was not consistent across food categories. Average FSANZ score did not change (7·5 in both years). For Legumes and Combination dishes, improvements in nutritional quality were associated with a price decrease and increase, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Stronger policies are required to incentivise reformulation in Canada. Results do not provide evidence of reformulation impacting food prices.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"e257"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11705022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142688641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Child undernutrition and its association with household environmental conditions in Bangladesh.","authors":"Md Mostaured Ali Khan, Md Arif Billah, Kaniz Fatima, M Mofizul Islam, Bidhan Krishna Sarker, Shimlin Jahan Khanam, Aduragbemi Banke-Thomas, Md Nuruzzaman Khan","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024002325","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1368980024002325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Undernutrition among children under the age of five years is a prevalent global issue, especially in Bangladesh. This study aimed to explore the relationships of household environmental conditions (HECs) with child undernutrition in Bangladesh, with a specific focus on rural-urban variations.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We analysed children's data from the 2017/18 Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey. The outcome variable considered were measures of child undernutrition, including stunting, wasting and underweight. The primary exposure variables considered were indicators of HEC. We used a hierarchical multilevel mixed-effect generalized linear models (GLM) modified with a Poisson regression to explore the association between outcomes and exposures, adjusting for potential confounders.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Nationally representative cross-sectional survey.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>8,057 under-5 children.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight in Bangladesh was 31%, 8%, and 22%, respectively, with notable urban-rural variations. Under-5 children who lived in houses constructed with unimproved materials (aRR: 1·17), exposed to household air pollution (aPR: 1·37), had unimproved drinking water sources (aPR: 1·28) or had poor handwashing facilities (aPR: 1·24) had a greater likelihood of stunting compared to their counterparts. Similar associations were observed for underweight. The likelihood of stunting and underweight increased with increasing scores of poor HECs, with variations in the effect size across urban-rural areas.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The high prevalence of stunting and underweight in Bangladesh is linked to poor HECs, therefore, integrated approaches should be adopted to address these environmental factors collectively. Policies and programmes should prioritse enhancing housing quality to achieve sustainable improvements in child nutritional outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"e3"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736652/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142688626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of linear growth and weight gain in the first 2 years with bone mass at 4 years of age in children in Dhaka, Bangladesh.","authors":"Maimuna Gias, Huma Qamar, Farzana Fariha, Abdullah Al Mahmud, Prakesh Shah, Steven A Abrams, Daniel E Roth, Karen M O'Callaghan","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024002301","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1368980024002301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Growth faltering is widespread in many low- and middle-income countries, but its effects on childhood bone mass accrual are unknown. The objective of this study was to estimate associations between length (conditional length-for-age <i>z</i>-scores, cLAZ) and weight (conditional weight-for-age <i>z</i>-scores, cWAZ) gain in three age intervals (ages 0-6, 6-12 and 12-24 months) with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-derived measures of bone mass (total body less head (TBLH) bone mineral content (BMC), areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and bone area) at 4 years of age.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Associations between interval-specific growth parameters (cLAZ and cWAZ) and bone outcomes were estimated using linear regression models, adjusted for maternal, child and household characteristics.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Data collection occurred in Dhaka, Bangladesh.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>599 healthy children enrolled in the BONe and mUScle Health in Kids Study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>cLAZ in each age interval was positively associated with TBLH BMC, aBMD and bone area at 4 years; however, associations attenuated towards null upon adjustment for concurrent height-for-age <i>z</i>-scores (HAZ) at age 4 years and confounders. cWAZ from 0 to 6 and 6 to 12 months was not associated with bone mass, but every sd increase in cWAZ between 12 and 24 months was associated with greater BMC (7·6 g; 95 % CI: 3·2, 12·0) and aBMD (0·008 g/cm²; 95 % CI: 0·003, 0·014) after adjusting for concurrent WAZ, HAZ and confounders.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Associations of linear growth (birth to 2 years) with bone mass at age 4 years were explained by concurrent HAZ. Weight gain in the second year of life may increase bone mass independently of linear growth in settings where growth faltering is common.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"e265"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11705024/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142688572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}