Reactive & Functional Polymers最新文献

{"title":"Continuous preparation and performance investigation of RDX-based composite microspheres via a coaxial flow-focusing microdroplet method","authors":"Xiangru Li ,&nbsp;Ximing Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenyu Wu ,&nbsp;Penglin Kang ,&nbsp;Yuan Lai ,&nbsp;Leixin Hou ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Li ,&nbsp;Wenjie Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaojuan Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-energy insensitive composite explosives have become a key research direction in energetic materials due to their balanced energy output and safety. However, composite particles prepared by traditional methods often have limitations such as low sphericity and poor uniformity. In this paper, the coaxial flow-focusing microdroplet method was used to prepare RDX/F, RDX/F/E, and RDX/E composite particles, with RDX/F/E-P prepared by physical kneading method used as the process control samples to demonstrate the superiority of the process and investigate the effect of the binder formulation on the properties of the samples. Results showed that RDX/F/E has the best sphericity and particle size uniformity, indicating that adjusting the binder system can significantly improve the morphology and particle size distribution of the particles. In addition, the chemical and crystal structures of all samples remained unchanged. Thermal analysis and mechanical sensitivity tests revealed that compared to raw RDX, the apparent activation energy of RDX/F/E increased by 24.75 kJ∙mol⁻¹, and the impact energy threshold and critical friction force were enhanced by 42.5 J and 120 N, respectively, demonstrating excellent thermal and mechanical safety. In ignition tests, the RDX/F/E microspheres produced the clearest and brightest flames, with a significantly shorter burning duration than raw RDX and all other samples, demonstrating that the F2604 and EVA binder system ensures stable combustion while promoting concentrated energy release. This study demonstrates the superiority of the coaxial flow-focusing microdroplet technique, and the proposed F2604-EVA composite binder system provides practical guidance for formulation optimization and performance regulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 106602"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene /hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin) polyrotaxane: Synthesis and photophysical characteristics","authors":"Ana-Maria Resmerita,&nbsp;Mihaela Silion,&nbsp;Mihaela Balan-Porcarasu,&nbsp;Andrei Victor Oancea,&nbsp;Aurica Farcas","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report here the ability of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) to form an inclusion complex (IC) with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD), and the synthesis of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene/HPβCD) (PEDOT/HPβCD) polypseudorotaxane by oxidative polymerization of the EDOT-HPβCD IC in water using as a catalyst FeCl₃, followed by end-capping of PEDOT ends with bulky pyrene (Py). The IC was in-depth characterized by molecular docking computations and spectroscopic analyses, including FT-IR, HH-ROESY, ¹H NMR, and UV–Vis titration in water. The computational chemistry confirmed that EDOT can form IC with HPβCD through hydrophobic interactions, and the HH-ROESY NMR spectra indicated that the EDOT monomer is located inside the cavity of HPβCD. Additionally, Job's plot confirmed the 1:1 EDOT-HPβCD IC formation, with a stability constant of about 539 M⁻¹. The physico-chemical, thermal stability, and prelucrability of PEDOT/HPβCD polyrotaxane in thin films were investigated and compared to the reference PEDOT. The UV–Vis absorption, fluorescence, and lifetimes in acetonitrile (ACN), together with electrochemical properties were evaluated. The dynamic light scattering (DLS) was also employed to study the water dispersion of the material. The measured hydrodynamic diameter (HD) and zeta potential (ZP-ζ) indicated that PEDOT/HPβCD can form a stable water dispersion with an HD of about 300 nm and ZP-ζ = 22.81 mV, respectively. The cyclic voltammetry curve of PEDOT/HPβCD shows an electroactive response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 106603"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of chemically modified guar gum adhesives for enhanced wood bonding performance","authors":"Longfa Lan ,&nbsp;Jiayan Zhou ,&nbsp;Hongqing Cheng ,&nbsp;Jing Liu ,&nbsp;Dongying Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of eco-friendly wood adhesives from biomass polymers is challenging due to their poor water resistance and low wet bonding strength. To overcome these limitations, a modified guar gum (MGG) adhesive was developed via a combined approach of acrylate grafting, epoxy ring-opening, and silane coupling. This chemical modification established a stable cross-linked network, significantly enhancing cohesive and interfacial adhesion. The viscosity of MGG was reduced to about 900 mPa·s, greatly improving coatability compared to raw GG (6000 mPa·s at 1 % concentration). The optimized adhesive showed a dry bonding strength of 1.67 MPa and a wet bonding strength of 0.84 MPa, outperforming many previously reported biomass-based adhesives. Improved thermal stability and moisture resistance were also confirmed, attributed to introduced aldehyde and ether groups that promote dense crosslinking. This work not only demonstrates a viable pathway to overcome the intrinsic weaknesses of GG, but also highlights MGG as a sustainable and high-performance alternative to conventional formaldehyde-based wood adhesives, providing both practical applicability and scientific significance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 106615"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic enhancement of thermal mechanical stability in polypropylene separators via carbazole functionalization and UV crosslinking","authors":"Yixuan Qian ,&nbsp;Licheng Wang ,&nbsp;Ming Xie ,&nbsp;Hao Li ,&nbsp;Jinghao Yang ,&nbsp;Mingyuan Li ,&nbsp;Zhengguo Cai ,&nbsp;Long Chen ,&nbsp;Junfen Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the poor thermomechanical stability and strong hydrophobicity of commercial polypropylene (PP) separators in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), this study prepared functionalized PP-based separators via melt blending and UV-induced crosslinking. Carbazole-functionalized PP (PPCZ) was incorporated into the PP matrix, and a thermally stable 3D covalent network was constructed through in-situ self-crosslinking of carbazole groups under 365 nm UV irradiation. The synthesis of carbazole monomer UDK was optimized using KOH as a deprotonating agent instead of K₂CO₃, increasing monomer yield to 92 % with a reaction rate improvement of 30 % and simplifying purification. Metallocene-catalyzed copolymerization of UDK and propylene yielded PPCZ with 1.5 mol% carbazole insertion and a number-average molecular weight of approximately 90,000, and the product showed excellent PP matrix compatibility without phase separation. Key tests demonstrated that the 10 wt% PPCZ separator delivered superior comprehensive performance. Its thermal shrinkage at 105 °C measured 12 %, in sharp contrast to 28 % for the pristine PP separator and 18 % for the commercial Al₂O₃-coated PP separator. The temperature corresponding to 5 % weight loss (T₅) hit 342.2 °C, representing a 3.7 °C increase over pristine PP. Meanwhile, electrolyte wettability was significantly enhanced, with the contact angle reduced to 75° as opposed to 98° for pure PP. Despite slight decreases in porosity from 39.5 % to 36.8 %, electrolyte absorption from 120 % to 115 %, crystallinity from 51.1 % to 43.8 %, and ionic conductivity from 0.19 to 0.14 mS·cm⁻¹, the separator achieved an optimal balance of thermomechanical stability, wettability, and mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 110 MPa, puncture strength of 850 gf and elongation at break of 128 %, thus avoiding embrittlement. The strategy is compatible with existing dry-process lines, avoids ceramic coating issues such as high cost and delamination, and shows great potential for high-safety LIBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 106627"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dissolution-regeneration strategy for conductive cellulose nanofiber/PVA hydrogel toward flexible sensor and triboelectric Nanogenerator","authors":"Changtong Sha ,&nbsp;Zijian Wu ,&nbsp;Yue Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhaojun Wang ,&nbsp;Yue Zhang ,&nbsp;Mingpeng He ,&nbsp;Ning Guo ,&nbsp;Ling Weng ,&nbsp;Guoxing Yang ,&nbsp;Juanna Ren ,&nbsp;Gourisankar Roymahapatra ,&nbsp;Junguo Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a composite solution-based strategy for cellulose dissolution-regeneration, enabling the fabrication of a dual-crosslinked hydrogel through freeze-thaw cycling that integrates both physical and chemical networks. The resulting hydrogel serves as a flexible sensor and triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). Carboxylated cellulose nanofibers (CNF-C) were dissolved in a mixed AlCl₃/ZnCl₂ solution and incorporated into a borax-crosslinked PVA matrix, yielding a conductive porous PVA-AlCl₃/ZnCl₂/CNF-C/Borax hydrogel. Combined with treatment using an anhydrous ethanol/water mixture, the carboxylated cellulose nanofibers were regenerated, forming a PVA-AlCl₃/ZnCl₂/CNF-B-E/W hydrogel. After treatment with anhydrous ethanol/water, the maximum stress of the hydrogel increased from 1.7 MPa to 1.9 MPa, and the maximum strain increased from 450 % to 455 %, with a high electrical conductivity (4.6 S/m). The hydrogel exhibited outstanding triboelectric performance and strain sensing capabilities (GF = 6.15, response time = 381 ms), demonstrating its applicability as a flexible strain sensor for motion detection and information transmission. Furthermore, the P-TENG based on this hydrogel enabled stable handwriting recognition. With its excellent electromechanical properties and operational stability, this material represents an ideal platform for intelligent sensing and self-powered energy systems, holding significant research and application value in flexible electronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 106624"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silk fibroin/chitosan composite cocoon membranes regulated by lithium chloride for atmospheric-pressure oil–water separation","authors":"Junshuang Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenwen Feng ,&nbsp;Huizhu Xing ,&nbsp;Shufan Chen ,&nbsp;Ning Qi ,&nbsp;Tong Li ,&nbsp;Guan Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional membrane materials used for treating oily wastewater from ships often suffer from complex fabrication processes, the use of toxic reagents, and limited capability for efficiently separating emulsified oils under atmospheric conditions. In this study, a natural silkworm cocoon was used as the substrate, onto which a hydrogel coating was constructed through the crosslinking reaction between silk fibroin (SF) and chitosan (CS). Lithium chloride (LiCl) was further incorporated to regulate the membrane properties. Through this strategy, a novel composite separation membrane, cocoon/CS@SF/LiCl (RCSL), was successfully fabricated. The RCSL membrane exhibited superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic characteristics, with a water contact angle (WCA) of 0° and an underwater oil contact angle (UOCA) of 152 ± 1°. It achieved separation efficiencies exceeding 98 % for five types of oil-in-water emulsions, including diesel-in-water (D/W) and lubricating oil-in-water (L/W) systems. Moreover, the RCSL membrane demonstrated excellent chemical stability in corrosive environments, such as HCl solution (pH = 3), NaOH solution (pH = 10), and 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, while maintaining a maximum tensile strength of 36.1 MPa—meeting the mechanical requirements for practical applications. This work provides a new strategy for developing efficient, stable, and environmentally friendly membranes for oil–water separation, offering promising potential for applications in the treatment of oily wastewater from ships and related fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 106617"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ZnBr2/modified polyethersulfone as a new catalytic system for the efficient coupling of CO2 with epoxides","authors":"Mehdi Khalaj ,&nbsp;Maryam Bakhtiari ,&nbsp;Seyed Mahmoud Musavi Safavi ,&nbsp;Majid Ghashang","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a sustainable approach to utilizing carbon dioxide (CO₂) by converting it into cyclic carbonates, providing a viable strategy to address carbon emissions. A modified polyethersulfone (PES) was developed and applied as a robust heterogeneous catalyst for this transformation under solvent-free conditions. Under optimized conditions (60 °C, 10 atm, 6 h, and 0.05 g of catalyst), the catalyst demonstrated high efficiency, achieving 91–98 % yields. Notably, PES showed excellent reusability, retaining its performance with minimal reduction in yield after 11 consecutive cycles. These results emphasize the catalyst's potential for environmentally friendly applications in CO₂ utilization and sustainable chemical processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 106609"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A bio-based flame retardant with super-low addition for polylactic acid: Simultaneous enhancement of flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and biodegradability","authors":"Jinpeng Song,&nbsp;Haotian Hao,&nbsp;Yufei Yang,&nbsp;Yuehu Zhang,&nbsp;Qing Yu,&nbsp;Liang Song,&nbsp;Guiqing Cheng,&nbsp;Zhongwei Wang,&nbsp;Yuxi Han","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of biodegradable polymers that simultaneously exhibit flame retardancy and smoke suppression remains a significant challenge. In this work, a bio-based flame retardant (PA-AB) was synthesized from phytic acid (PA) and 2-aminobenzimidazole (AB) via a facile one-step reaction and incorporated into polylactic acid (PLA) by melt blending. At a low loading of 1.0 wt%, PA-AB enabled PLA to achieve a UL-94 V-0 rating with a limiting oxygen index of 26.5 % and effectively suppressed melt dripping. Cone calorimetry results showed that PLA/PA-AB-1.0 exhibited a prolonged ignition time, a slight reduction in heat release, and a pronounced decrease in total smoke release (89.3 %) compared with neat PLA, demonstrating the combined flame-retardant and smoke-suppressing effects of PA-AB. Mechanistic analysis suggests that PA-AB predominantly acts in the gas phase, with a limited contribution in the condensed phase. In addition, PA-AB enhanced the ultraviolet-shielding capability of PLA without significantly compromising optical transparency. Mechanical testing revealed that PLA/PA-AB-1.0 retained 73 % of the tensile strength and 87 % of the elongation at break of neat PLA. Enzymatic degradation studies further indicated that PA-AB accelerated the degradation behavior of PLA. This study provides an effective approach for designing multifunctional, bio-based flame-retardant PLA materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 106625"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tree-like biomimetic metal-organic framework/carbon nanotube to enhance the dielectric response of sulfurized polyurethane","authors":"Liang Tao ,&nbsp;Sheng-Hong Yuan ,&nbsp;Jing-Wen Wang,&nbsp;Rui-Han Feng,&nbsp;Zi-Long Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to meet the urgent demand for efficient, compact, and low-power actuators in leading-edge flexible electronics, such as wearable devices and soft robots, it is crucial to develop dielectric elastomer actuators with high dielectric constants and low dielectric losses. Inspired by the structure of trees in nature, we constructed a CNT/c-MOF filler with a three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure, with carbon nanotube (CNT) as the “trunk” and conducting metal-organic framework Ni₃(HHTP)₂ (abbreviated as c-MOF) as the “leaves”. The above fillers were combined with synthetic sulfurized polyurethane (S-PU) to prepare CNT/c-MOF@S-PU composite films using the solution casting method, and c-MOF@S-PU composite films were fabricated as a control. This dendritic structured filler improves compatibility with S-PU and significantly increases the specific surface area, thereby enhancing the dielectric constant of the composite film. Concurrently, the internal micropores of the filler suppress excessive charge carrier migration, leading to a reduction in dielectric loss. At 100 Hz, the 3.41 vol% CNT/c-MOF@S-PU composite achieves a dielectric constant of 135.7, which is 1.55 times that of c-MOF@S-PU (87.4) and 25.5 times that of pure S-PU (5.32). Simultaneously, its dielectric loss remains low at 0.13. This reveals the composite film is a promising candidate material for actuators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 106619"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailoring porous properties of polymer monoliths through the composition of the binary solvent mixture","authors":"Barbara Beiler ,&nbsp;Malik H. Mahmood ,&nbsp;Dóra Bereczki ,&nbsp;Ágnes Sáfrány ,&nbsp;Péter Fürjes ,&nbsp;Miklós Veres","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porous polymer monoliths with controlled porosity are critical materials for advanced separation technologies. Gamma-radiation initiated polymerization offers a straightforward and robust approach to their synthesis, employing a monomer mixture composed solely of monomers and solvents. Achieving precise control over the pore structure for a given monomer primarily depends on the careful selection of the porogenic solvent. This study presents a comprehensive investigation into how solvent composition affects both the structural characteristics and functional flow performance of diethylene glycol dimethacrylate (DEGDMA) monoliths prepared using binary solvent mixtures via gamma-radiation polymerization. Three binary solvent systems—ethyl acetate/alcohols, acetonitrile/alcohols, and acetone/alcohols—were examined, with alcohol concentrations varying from 0 to 70 vol% in a monomer solution containing 30 vol% DEGDMA. Changes in morphology, porous properties, and flow behavior were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, mercury porosimetry, nitrogen absorption measurements, and liquid flux analyses. Results reveal that binary solvent mixtures enable precise tuning of monolith architecture, ranging from macroporous to microporous and even bulk polymer structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 106614"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}