Reactive & Functional Polymers最新文献

{"title":"High-hardness photocrosslinked coatings from a partially biobased and semi-aromatic unsaturated polyester","authors":"Klara Jastak,&nbsp;Elise Brument,&nbsp;Fabrice Burel,&nbsp;Nicolas Désilles,&nbsp;Laurence Lecamp","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the photochemical crosslinking of a partially biobased, semi-aromatic unsaturated polyester. Firstly, a polyester was synthesized from the condensation of diethyl 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylate, a biobased monomer derived from bacteria, and <em>cis</em>-2-butene-1,4-diol. Polyesters with molar masses up to 20,700 g/mol were obtained, with glass transition temperatures (T_g) reaching 51 °C. Secondly, photocrosslinked coatings were prepared by addition of a photosensitive thiol derivative of coumarin: 7-mercapto-4-methyl coumarin (0,1 eq / unsaturation). The resulting system was irradiated with a polychromatic lamp for one hour at 30 °C, allowing a thiol-ene reaction and a concomitant [2 + 2] cycloaddition. The resulting coatings were apolar (23 %), hard (König hardness 222 ± 1 s), well crosslinked (swelling rate of 0.11 ± 0.05) and exhibited a T_g of 74 °C.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 106420"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vanillin-based BDBEP enhances the comprehensive performance of trifunctional NNDG epoxy resin","authors":"Xiaoge Li,&nbsp;Yuting Dong,&nbsp;Zhiyong Li,&nbsp;Xiangyan Ji,&nbsp;Jingjing Meng,&nbsp;Kai Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since less attention has been paid to the modification of trifunctional N, N-diglycidyl-4-glycidyloxyaniline (NNDG) epoxy resins. Initially, the 4, 4′-methylenedianiline (DDM) hardener was used to fabricate NNDG networks, and then, petroleum-based EPDOPO and vanillin-based BDBEP epoxy monomers containing DOPO motifs were developed to modify the NNDG/DDM network. Finally, the resulting resins were investigated on their thermal curing process and comprehensive behaviors. It is found that NNDG/DDM has an activation energy of 52.2 kJ/mol in polymerization reactions, whereas NNDG/EPDOPO/DDM and NNDG/BDBEP/DDM counterparts have activation energies of 48.7 kJ/mol and 55.4 kJ/mol, respectively. All thermosets have good storage moduli (2116.3–2892.5 MPa) and high phase transition temperatures (218.2–208.1 °C). Besides, the epoxy resins demonstrated favorable mechanical characteristics. On average, as to NNDG/BDBEP/DDM, the bending strength and modulus reached 129.83 MPa and 3.43 GPa, respectively, while its tensile strength reached up to 81.49 MPa. Most importantly, compared to EPDOPO, the bio-based BDBEP exhibits superior flame-retardant properties, thereby augmenting the flame-retardancy of NNDG/BDBEP/DDM to meet the UL-94-V0 rating. Therefore, in terms of excellent functionality and sustainability, the NNDG/BDBEP/DDM networks offer good overall performance for potential future applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 106419"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catalyst-free synthesis of antibacterial poly(ethylene succinate) with gemini quaternary ammonium salts","authors":"Weipo Jiang ,&nbsp;Tengfei Zheng ,&nbsp;Zhiheng Wang ,&nbsp;Tianxiang Fang ,&nbsp;Wenna Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhongwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Weipu Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyesters are widely employed in textiles, packaging, and biomedical materials owing to their excellent mechanical properties, chemical stability, and cost-effectiveness. However, synthesizing inherently antibacterial polyesters remains challenging. Traditional methods often rely on metal catalysts, risking cytotoxic metal residues, while conventional polyesters lack intrinsic antibacterial activity and require additives. Inorganic antibacterial agents may pose toxicity concerns, and organic agents frequently degrade during high-temperature processing. To address these limitations, this study developed thermally stable, polymerizable gemini quaternary ammonium (GQA) salts as antibacterial comonomers. Using catalyst-free melt polycondensation, we synthesized an antibacterial poly(ethylene succinate) (PES) with antibacterial groups covalently bonded to the polymer backbone. The resulting material retained thermal and mechanical properties comparable to pure PES. Notably, incorporating just 0.05 mol% of the GQA comonomer achieved near-complete (&gt;99.9 %) antibacterial efficacy against both <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>Escherichia coli</em>. This metal-free, scalable approach enables the production of high-safety antibacterial polyesters suitable for critical applications such as food packaging and biomedical devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 106417"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Needle into the line: Intercalation and dispersion of UV-curable ionic liquid monomers in graphene for sensing coating applications","authors":"Zhengtao Wu ,&nbsp;Tianhao Chen ,&nbsp;Ruiqi Song ,&nbsp;Yayun Liu ,&nbsp;Bingbin Zhang ,&nbsp;Li Jiang ,&nbsp;Haitao Wu ,&nbsp;Yanmao Dong ,&nbsp;Hui Miao ,&nbsp;Yan Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Imidazolium ion-based ionic liquids (ILs) have been employed to enhance the dispersion stability of graphene in composite materials, leveraging their π-π conjugation and cation-π interactions with graphene. In this study, a UV-curable ionic liquid monomer (UV-IL monomer), 1-[(6-methacryloyloxy)-hexyl]-3-methylimidazolium chloride, was successfully synthesized and characterized using ¹H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. To improve the dispersion stability and electrical conductivity of reduced graphene oxide (rGO), graphene oxide (GO) was chemically modified by grafting with an amino-functionalized ionic liquid, yielding reduced modified graphene oxide (RMGO) through covalent and non-covalent interactions. The resulting RMGO was incorporated into a UV-cured coating to fabricate a conductive sensing material. The conductive mechanism and sensing properties of the coating were systematically investigated. Results demonstrate that the conductivity of the coating arises from the synergistic effect between RMGO and the ionic liquid. The sensing coating exhibited excellent temperature responsiveness, with its response curve following a combined function derived from the Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher (VTF) equation for ionic liquids and the linear resistance-temperature relationship of graphene. These findings highlight the promising potential of this composite for temperature-sensing applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 106418"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pore structure characterization of hypercrosslinked styrene-divinylbenzene adsorbents of the Macronet series and ion exchangers based on them from N2, Ar and CO2 adsorption","authors":"Alexander V. Pastukhov","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The structure and adsorption properties of industrial adsorbents of the Macronet series from the class of hypercrosslinked polystyrenes (MN-200DR, MN-270) and ionites based on them (MN-500, MN-100, MN-270s) were studied. The parameters of the porous structure of the adsorbents are calculated based on experimental data on the adsorption of nitrogen, argon, and carbon dioxide. It has been established that these adsorbents have a hierarchical nanoporous structure. Nanopore fractions identified: 0.5, 0.8, 2.1 ± 0.2, 4.2 ± 0.2, 50–500 nm. The most developed system of micropores &lt;1 nm with a specific surface area of <!--> <!-->up to 680 m² g⁻¹ are found in MN-270 and MN-100. Sulfocationites are distinguished by a lower content of micropores &lt;1 nm (200–400 m² g⁻¹). Structural studies of Macronet adsorbents were carried out using the methods of electron scanning microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and X-ray phase analysis. Studies of the adsorption of phenol and metal ions from aqueous solutions on adsorbents Macronet were conducted. The most effective adsorbents for absorbing metal ions are those containing ultramicropores of 0.5 nm in size. Hypercrosslinked adsorbents are promising for use in sorption technologies for the complex purification of water from metal ions and toxic organic compounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 106416"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of thermo-oxidative stability in natural rubber via strain-induced network reorganization","authors":"Gui-Xiang Liu,&nbsp;Yu-Ting Huang,&nbsp;Shuangquan Liao,&nbsp;Yan-Chan Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rubber materials are frequently degraded by environmental factors such as light, heat and oxygen during service. Conventional protective approaches, however, often involve adding antioxidants during processing, which not only causes significant environmental pollution but also limits the applicability of rubber products in the biomedical field. Therefore, developing robust aging mitigation strategies constitutes a critical imperative to ensure material longevity. This study proposes a feasible and effective strategy: inducing network rearrangement in rubber through pre-stretching to achieve a more stable crosslinked structure, thereby enhancing its thermo-oxidative stability. During vulcanization, polysulfide and disulfide bonds are formed in the crosslinking network of rubber. Pre-stretching preferentially broke weaker bonds, inducing the conversion of polysulfide bonds to disulfide bonds during the stretching process. This strain-induced network rearrangement enhanced the rigidity and stability of rubber. At elevated temperatures, this mechanism became more pronounced. Pre-stretching triggered rapid conversion of polysulfide to disulfide bonds during the initial stages of thermo-oxidative aging. Given the higher bond energy and stability of disulfide bonds under thermal-oxidative conditions, the aging resistance of rubber is significantly improved. Both atomic force microscopy tests and mechanical tests demonstrated that stretching induced dynamic transformation of sulfur bonds in the crosslinking network, leading to significant changes in spatial heterogeneity under thermo-oxidative conditions. As a result, the thermo-oxidative resistance of natural rubber was enhanced, with the retention of tensile strength increasing from 58.6 % to 81.1 % after 24 h of thermo-oxidative aging. This study not only provided important guidance for the general design of thermo-oxidation-resistant elastomers but also advanced the understanding of rubber network evolution mechanisms under thermo-mechanical coupling conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 106415"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photopolymerized PEDOT-coated polydopamine: A Green approach for supercapacitor electrode materials","authors":"Sena Ermis ,&nbsp;Jahan Tohtayeva ,&nbsp;Sinem Altinisik ,&nbsp;Sude Ulucay ,&nbsp;Steffen Jockusch ,&nbsp;Baris Kiskan ,&nbsp;Sermet Koyuncu ,&nbsp;Kerem Kaya","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conjugated conductive polymers (CCPs) are promising electrode materials for next-generation supercapacitors (SCs), yet their scalable and eco-friendly synthesis remains a challenge. Here, we report a light-driven<em>, in-situ</em> polymerization of EDOT onto polydopamine (PDA@PEDOT), offering a sustainable, photoinitiated route for high-performance SC electrodes. Using an organic, environmentally safe photoinitiator and ethanol as a green solvent, this method achieves uniform PEDOT deposition on PDA with minimal energy input. Using a three-electrode method, the resulting PDA@PEDOT electrode exhibits exceptional electrochemical performance, including a high specific capacitance of 275 F g⁻¹ at 1.0 A g⁻¹, an energy density of 34.04 W h kg⁻¹, and excellent adhesion properties. The synergistic non-covalent interactions between PDA's amine, catechol, quinone functionalities and PEDOT are credited to enhance ion transport through the electrode, improving SC efficiency. These exceptional properties, alongside strong adhesion and uniform deposition of PEDOT on PDA, demonstrate the novelty of the advanced photopolymerization approach. Our eco-friendly photopolymerization method paves the way for sustainable, high-performance SC electrode fabrication, bridging the gap between sustainable chemistry and next-generation energy storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 106414"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organocatalyzed ring-opening polymerization of proline-based lactones for poly(amino ester)s and cationic polymers with antibacterial activity","authors":"Zhe Tian ,&nbsp;Yu Dai ,&nbsp;Chengkai Zhan ,&nbsp;Yupeng Chen ,&nbsp;Zhaolin Ding ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Wu ,&nbsp;Ruixiang Hou ,&nbsp;Yongxiang Sun ,&nbsp;Yajun Li ,&nbsp;Wei He ,&nbsp;Ning Zhu ,&nbsp;Xin Hu ,&nbsp;Yihuan Liu ,&nbsp;Kai Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Poly(amino ester)s (PAEs) are widely employed in diverse applications, particularly biomedicine, owing to their tunable functionality <em>via</em> amine group modification and the inherent biodegradability and biocompatibility of their polyester chains. Herein, we reported (thio)urea/base-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of proline-based lactones for well-defined poly(amino ester)s. A series of (thio)ureas and organic bases were synthesized and combined to form various binary organocatalysts to explore the structure-activity relationships. Monomer conversion up to 95 % was achieved within 5 min. Kinetics studies and chain extension experiments confirmed the living/controlled nature of ROP. Four well-defined PAEs with high molecular weights (3150–51,340 g mol⁻¹) and narrow dispersity (<em>Đ</em> &lt; 1.29) were produced. The resultant PAEs showed high thermal stability (<em>T</em>_d,_5% = 224–350 °C) and <em>T</em>_m (189–244 °C). Furthermore, seven cationic random or block copolymers were synthesized through ring-opening copolymerization, followed by deprotection reaction. The effect of copolymer composition on the self-assembly behavior was investigated by DLS and TEM. Cationic random copolymers with high hydrophobic content demonstrated strong antimicrobial activity against <em>E. coli,</em> while those with high hydrophilic content were more active against <em>S. aureus</em>. This work would provide valuable insights into poly(amino ester)s and cationic polymers with tailored antimicrobial activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 106411"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulation of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/caffeic acid composites for vegetable packaging applications","authors":"Siva Sankar Sana ,&nbsp;Zohreh Riahi ,&nbsp;Vijayalaxmi Mishra ,&nbsp;Jun Tae Kim ,&nbsp;Ramakrishna Vadde ,&nbsp;Pedro Brandão ,&nbsp;Seong-Cheol Kim ,&nbsp;Pedro Fonte","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Poly(butylene adipate-<em>co</em>-terephthalate) (PBAT) is widely used as a bioplastic owing to its commendable water-barrier properties. In this work, PBAT was blended with caffeic acid (CA) (1–3 wt%) by solution mixing using chloroform as a solvent through solvent casting method. UV–Visible spectroscopy results show a decrease in transmittance from 100 % in PBAT to 6 % PBAT/3CA. The film's elongation was notably improved with an increase in the CA ratio, reaching up to 1055.4 %. Moreover, the tensile strength experienced a significant enhancement upon the inclusion of CA (3 wt%) up to 25.5 MPa. The decrease in water vapor permeability (WVP) (3.05 ± 0.1 × 10⁻¹¹ g.m/m².Pa.s) and water contact angle (WCA) (60.5° ± 1.34°) was observed in PBAT/3CA. PBAT film containing 3 wt% CA exhibited remarkable scavenging action against ABTS^•+ and DPPH^•, recording values of 100 % and 98.5 %, respectively. When subjected to testing against foodborne pathogens such as <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>) and <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> (<em>L. monocytogenes</em>), the fabricated films displayed excellent antibacterial activity. The active films comprising PBAT/CA possess the potential to serve as a synergistic solution for food packaging, combining the UV barrier property, mechanical properties, flexibility, peeling resistance, and renowned biodegradability of PBAT with the ability to repurpose industrial waste.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 106413"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A nitrogen-rich organic polymer for CO2 utilization and conversion through cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides","authors":"Waseem Tariq ,&nbsp;Manoj Pudukudy ,&nbsp;Li Shuangjiang ,&nbsp;Yi Liu ,&nbsp;Heping Su ,&nbsp;Xiliang Li ,&nbsp;Yunfei Zhi ,&nbsp;Shaoyun Shan","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The soaring levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂), driven by fossil fuel consumption, pose significant environmental challenges, necessitating innovative strategies for its mitigation and utilization. This study introduces a novel, metal-free nitrogen-rich organic polymer, CMBr-OP, designed as an efficient catalyst for the cycloaddition of CO₂ with epoxides to produce cyclic carbonates. Synthesized through a straightforward one-step polymerization of cyanuric chloride and melamine, followed by functionalization with bromoacetic acid, CMBr-OP integrates multiple active sites, including nitrogen-rich triazine units and bromine functionalities, which synergistically enhance catalytic performance. Under mild reaction conditions (110°C, 1 MPa CO₂ pressure, 6 h), CMBr-OP achieves an impressive 99.6% yield of chloropropene carbonate without requiring co-catalysts or solvents. Comprehensive characterization techniques, including FTIR, XPS, SEM, and BET analysis, confirm its hierarchical porous structure, high surface area, and uniform distribution of active sites, facilitating efficient CO₂ activation and epoxide ring-opening. The catalyst demonstrates remarkable versatility, effectively catalyzing a wide range of epoxides, and exhibits excellent recyclability, maintaining high activity over five consecutive reaction cycles. DFT calculations reveal the critical role of hydrogen bond donors, nitrogen sites, and bromide ions in activating both epoxides and CO₂, underscoring the cooperative synergy within CMBr-OP. This work represents a significant advancement in sustainable catalytic systems for CO₂ utilization, aligning with green chemistry principles and offering a promising candidate for industrial-scale applications aimed at reducing CO₂ emissions and promoting environmentally friendly chemical processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 106412"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}