Reactive & Functional Polymers最新文献

{"title":"Sustainable nanocellulose recovery from newspaper waste to fabricate a composite for sensing and scavenging copper and iron in aqueous effluents and mining wastes","authors":"Nuha Y. Elamin ,&nbsp;Mohamed R. Elamin ,&nbsp;Laila S. Alqarni ,&nbsp;Rana O. Yahya ,&nbsp;Ahmed Shahat ,&nbsp;Reda F.M. Elshaarawy","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study offers a straightforward and economical method for recovering cellulose nanoparticles (CNMs) from post-consumer newspaper trash in a sustainable manner. The recovered CNMs were subsequently utilized to fabricate a novel solid-state visual composite by immobilizing a newly synthesized fluorescent Schiff base ligand, (saldach(Et₃N⁺PF₆⁻)₂, H₂L) (Saldach ligand). Both the quick and on-site visual identification of Cu²⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions in aqueous solutions and the effective elimination of these heavy metal pollutants from mining effluent were proved by the resultant Saldach-composite. The Schiff base ligand, characterized by FTIR, NMR, and ESI-MS, exhibited selective binding toward Cu²⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions, leading to quantifiable UV–Vis spectroscopy. The morphology and composition of the CNMs and the Saldach-composite were investigated using SEM, TEM, DLS, XRD, and XPS analysis, confirming the successful incorporation of the Schiff base onto the CNM matrix. Additionally, the binding mechanism between the Saldach-composite and the target metal ions was clarified by the use of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. For the simultaneous detection and removal of Cu²⁺ and Fe³⁺ from mine waste, the developed solid-state visual composite presents a viable, economical, and ecologically friendly alternative, especially addressing the difficulties related to mining waste management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 106423"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144748606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of chitosan on 3D printed scaffolds with gelatin–hyaluronic acid, hydroxyapatite and magnetic nanoparticles for bone tissues defects repair","authors":"Iustina Apăvăloaiei ,&nbsp;Isabella Nacu ,&nbsp;Florina-Daniela Cojocaru ,&nbsp;Vera Balan ,&nbsp;Maria Bercea ,&nbsp;Loredana Elena Niță ,&nbsp;Liliana Vereștiuc","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bone is a dynamic and vascularized tissue, with self-healing abilities, efficient in treating minor defects. Bone tissue engineering has focused on materials used to reconstruct large orthopedics defects and 3D (bio)printing is a revolutionary technology able to design well-defined geometries. The paper details the preparation of printable inks based on methacrylated chitosan with different molecular weight, methacrylated gelatin, hyaluronic acid, hydroxyapatite and magnetic nanoparticle, and evaluates the inks printability, and scaffolds properties in correlation with bone repair requirements. The polymers homogenization with magnetic nanoparticles and hydroxyapatite led to gels with rheological characteristics for 3D printing (shear tests in oscillatory or rotational regimes); inks containing short chitosan chains and high hydroxyapatite concentrations showed suitable viscosity and elasticity. The yield stress results suggest that the inks are becoming more resistant to flow by increasing the Cs molecular weight. Scanning electron microscopy images confirmed the 3D printed architecture and the formation of 3D network with interconnected pores, varying from 50 μm to 150 μm, beneficial for bone cells migration and infiltration. Hydroxyapatite content, strongly influenced scaffolds mechanical features (Young modulus), and by tailoring the polymeric/hydroxyapatite phases, 3D printed scaffolds suitable for implantation in low-load bearing sites. On the other hand, the inclusion of magnetic nanoparticles induced ability to respond to external magnetic field and potential to activate complex pathways for osteogenic differentiation. The prepared scaffolds are cytocompatible, the cells preserved their normal morphology and interacted in uniform layers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 106422"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144720813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrophilic-antimicrobial dual-function modification of TPU catheter based on sodium alginate and cationic composite coating","authors":"Tongtong Sun ,&nbsp;Zekai Zheng ,&nbsp;Lingling Cheng ,&nbsp;Jingjie Hou ,&nbsp;Chenglong Hou ,&nbsp;Zhongda Feng ,&nbsp;Zhen Wang ,&nbsp;Jingqiang Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the clinical challenges associated with conventional catheters, particularly bacterial adhesion and catheter-associated infections (CAI), which are exacerbated by surface hydrophobicity. To address these issues, a functional modification strategy for thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) catheters was developed, leveraging the complexation between sodium alginate (SA) and the cationic antimicrobial agent poly (hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) to construct a dual-functional composite coating system with combined hydrophilicity and antibacterial properties. A hydrophilic coating was first formed on the TPU surface using 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH-560) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), significantly reducing surface hydrophobicity. Simultaneously, the anionic properties of SA were utilized to complex cationic antimicrobial agents, forming a long-lasting antibacterial functional layer. The modified catheter exhibited a reduction in the coefficient of friction from 1.3 to 0.03, corresponding to a 53 % improvement in lubricity. Compared to unmodified catheters, the coating introduction showed no significant impact on maximum tensile force or hardness, but slightly reduced the bending modulus, enhancing adaptability in vascular environments. Zone of inhibition assay confirmed the strong antimicrobial efficacy of the hydrophilic-antibacterial coating against <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>) and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (<em>S. aureus</em>). Additionally, cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility verified the biosafety of the modified catheters. By optimizing the composite coating modification, this study successfully achieved efficient synergy between hydrophilicity and antibacterial properties in TPU catheters, providing an innovative solution to reduce the risk of CAI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 106410"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-hardness photocrosslinked coatings from a partially biobased and semi-aromatic unsaturated polyester","authors":"Klara Jastak,&nbsp;Elise Brument,&nbsp;Fabrice Burel,&nbsp;Nicolas Désilles,&nbsp;Laurence Lecamp","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the photochemical crosslinking of a partially biobased, semi-aromatic unsaturated polyester. Firstly, a polyester was synthesized from the condensation of diethyl 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylate, a biobased monomer derived from bacteria, and <em>cis</em>-2-butene-1,4-diol. Polyesters with molar masses up to 20,700 g/mol were obtained, with glass transition temperatures (T_g) reaching 51 °C. Secondly, photocrosslinked coatings were prepared by addition of a photosensitive thiol derivative of coumarin: 7-mercapto-4-methyl coumarin (0,1 eq / unsaturation). The resulting system was irradiated with a polychromatic lamp for one hour at 30 °C, allowing a thiol-ene reaction and a concomitant [2 + 2] cycloaddition. The resulting coatings were apolar (23 %), hard (König hardness 222 ± 1 s), well crosslinked (swelling rate of 0.11 ± 0.05) and exhibited a T_g of 74 °C.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 106420"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vanillin-based BDBEP enhances the comprehensive performance of trifunctional NNDG epoxy resin","authors":"Xiaoge Li,&nbsp;Yuting Dong,&nbsp;Zhiyong Li,&nbsp;Xiangyan Ji,&nbsp;Jingjing Meng,&nbsp;Kai Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since less attention has been paid to the modification of trifunctional N, N-diglycidyl-4-glycidyloxyaniline (NNDG) epoxy resins. Initially, the 4, 4′-methylenedianiline (DDM) hardener was used to fabricate NNDG networks, and then, petroleum-based EPDOPO and vanillin-based BDBEP epoxy monomers containing DOPO motifs were developed to modify the NNDG/DDM network. Finally, the resulting resins were investigated on their thermal curing process and comprehensive behaviors. It is found that NNDG/DDM has an activation energy of 52.2 kJ/mol in polymerization reactions, whereas NNDG/EPDOPO/DDM and NNDG/BDBEP/DDM counterparts have activation energies of 48.7 kJ/mol and 55.4 kJ/mol, respectively. All thermosets have good storage moduli (2116.3–2892.5 MPa) and high phase transition temperatures (218.2–208.1 °C). Besides, the epoxy resins demonstrated favorable mechanical characteristics. On average, as to NNDG/BDBEP/DDM, the bending strength and modulus reached 129.83 MPa and 3.43 GPa, respectively, while its tensile strength reached up to 81.49 MPa. Most importantly, compared to EPDOPO, the bio-based BDBEP exhibits superior flame-retardant properties, thereby augmenting the flame-retardancy of NNDG/BDBEP/DDM to meet the UL-94-V0 rating. Therefore, in terms of excellent functionality and sustainability, the NNDG/BDBEP/DDM networks offer good overall performance for potential future applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 106419"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catalyst-free synthesis of antibacterial poly(ethylene succinate) with gemini quaternary ammonium salts","authors":"Weipo Jiang ,&nbsp;Tengfei Zheng ,&nbsp;Zhiheng Wang ,&nbsp;Tianxiang Fang ,&nbsp;Wenna Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhongwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Weipu Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyesters are widely employed in textiles, packaging, and biomedical materials owing to their excellent mechanical properties, chemical stability, and cost-effectiveness. However, synthesizing inherently antibacterial polyesters remains challenging. Traditional methods often rely on metal catalysts, risking cytotoxic metal residues, while conventional polyesters lack intrinsic antibacterial activity and require additives. Inorganic antibacterial agents may pose toxicity concerns, and organic agents frequently degrade during high-temperature processing. To address these limitations, this study developed thermally stable, polymerizable gemini quaternary ammonium (GQA) salts as antibacterial comonomers. Using catalyst-free melt polycondensation, we synthesized an antibacterial poly(ethylene succinate) (PES) with antibacterial groups covalently bonded to the polymer backbone. The resulting material retained thermal and mechanical properties comparable to pure PES. Notably, incorporating just 0.05 mol% of the GQA comonomer achieved near-complete (&gt;99.9 %) antibacterial efficacy against both <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>Escherichia coli</em>. This metal-free, scalable approach enables the production of high-safety antibacterial polyesters suitable for critical applications such as food packaging and biomedical devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 106417"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Needle into the line: Intercalation and dispersion of UV-curable ionic liquid monomers in graphene for sensing coating applications","authors":"Zhengtao Wu ,&nbsp;Tianhao Chen ,&nbsp;Ruiqi Song ,&nbsp;Yayun Liu ,&nbsp;Bingbin Zhang ,&nbsp;Li Jiang ,&nbsp;Haitao Wu ,&nbsp;Yanmao Dong ,&nbsp;Hui Miao ,&nbsp;Yan Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Imidazolium ion-based ionic liquids (ILs) have been employed to enhance the dispersion stability of graphene in composite materials, leveraging their π-π conjugation and cation-π interactions with graphene. In this study, a UV-curable ionic liquid monomer (UV-IL monomer), 1-[(6-methacryloyloxy)-hexyl]-3-methylimidazolium chloride, was successfully synthesized and characterized using ¹H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. To improve the dispersion stability and electrical conductivity of reduced graphene oxide (rGO), graphene oxide (GO) was chemically modified by grafting with an amino-functionalized ionic liquid, yielding reduced modified graphene oxide (RMGO) through covalent and non-covalent interactions. The resulting RMGO was incorporated into a UV-cured coating to fabricate a conductive sensing material. The conductive mechanism and sensing properties of the coating were systematically investigated. Results demonstrate that the conductivity of the coating arises from the synergistic effect between RMGO and the ionic liquid. The sensing coating exhibited excellent temperature responsiveness, with its response curve following a combined function derived from the Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher (VTF) equation for ionic liquids and the linear resistance-temperature relationship of graphene. These findings highlight the promising potential of this composite for temperature-sensing applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 106418"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pore structure characterization of hypercrosslinked styrene-divinylbenzene adsorbents of the Macronet series and ion exchangers based on them from N2, Ar and CO2 adsorption","authors":"Alexander V. Pastukhov","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The structure and adsorption properties of industrial adsorbents of the Macronet series from the class of hypercrosslinked polystyrenes (MN-200DR, MN-270) and ionites based on them (MN-500, MN-100, MN-270s) were studied. The parameters of the porous structure of the adsorbents are calculated based on experimental data on the adsorption of nitrogen, argon, and carbon dioxide. It has been established that these adsorbents have a hierarchical nanoporous structure. Nanopore fractions identified: 0.5, 0.8, 2.1 ± 0.2, 4.2 ± 0.2, 50–500 nm. The most developed system of micropores &lt;1 nm with a specific surface area of <!--> <!-->up to 680 m² g⁻¹ are found in MN-270 and MN-100. Sulfocationites are distinguished by a lower content of micropores &lt;1 nm (200–400 m² g⁻¹). Structural studies of Macronet adsorbents were carried out using the methods of electron scanning microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and X-ray phase analysis. Studies of the adsorption of phenol and metal ions from aqueous solutions on adsorbents Macronet were conducted. The most effective adsorbents for absorbing metal ions are those containing ultramicropores of 0.5 nm in size. Hypercrosslinked adsorbents are promising for use in sorption technologies for the complex purification of water from metal ions and toxic organic compounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 106416"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of thermo-oxidative stability in natural rubber via strain-induced network reorganization","authors":"Gui-Xiang Liu,&nbsp;Yu-Ting Huang,&nbsp;Shuangquan Liao,&nbsp;Yan-Chan Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rubber materials are frequently degraded by environmental factors such as light, heat and oxygen during service. Conventional protective approaches, however, often involve adding antioxidants during processing, which not only causes significant environmental pollution but also limits the applicability of rubber products in the biomedical field. Therefore, developing robust aging mitigation strategies constitutes a critical imperative to ensure material longevity. This study proposes a feasible and effective strategy: inducing network rearrangement in rubber through pre-stretching to achieve a more stable crosslinked structure, thereby enhancing its thermo-oxidative stability. During vulcanization, polysulfide and disulfide bonds are formed in the crosslinking network of rubber. Pre-stretching preferentially broke weaker bonds, inducing the conversion of polysulfide bonds to disulfide bonds during the stretching process. This strain-induced network rearrangement enhanced the rigidity and stability of rubber. At elevated temperatures, this mechanism became more pronounced. Pre-stretching triggered rapid conversion of polysulfide to disulfide bonds during the initial stages of thermo-oxidative aging. Given the higher bond energy and stability of disulfide bonds under thermal-oxidative conditions, the aging resistance of rubber is significantly improved. Both atomic force microscopy tests and mechanical tests demonstrated that stretching induced dynamic transformation of sulfur bonds in the crosslinking network, leading to significant changes in spatial heterogeneity under thermo-oxidative conditions. As a result, the thermo-oxidative resistance of natural rubber was enhanced, with the retention of tensile strength increasing from 58.6 % to 81.1 % after 24 h of thermo-oxidative aging. This study not only provided important guidance for the general design of thermo-oxidation-resistant elastomers but also advanced the understanding of rubber network evolution mechanisms under thermo-mechanical coupling conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 106415"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photopolymerized PEDOT-coated polydopamine: A Green approach for supercapacitor electrode materials","authors":"Sena Ermis ,&nbsp;Jahan Tohtayeva ,&nbsp;Sinem Altinisik ,&nbsp;Sude Ulucay ,&nbsp;Steffen Jockusch ,&nbsp;Baris Kiskan ,&nbsp;Sermet Koyuncu ,&nbsp;Kerem Kaya","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conjugated conductive polymers (CCPs) are promising electrode materials for next-generation supercapacitors (SCs), yet their scalable and eco-friendly synthesis remains a challenge. Here, we report a light-driven<em>, in-situ</em> polymerization of EDOT onto polydopamine (PDA@PEDOT), offering a sustainable, photoinitiated route for high-performance SC electrodes. Using an organic, environmentally safe photoinitiator and ethanol as a green solvent, this method achieves uniform PEDOT deposition on PDA with minimal energy input. Using a three-electrode method, the resulting PDA@PEDOT electrode exhibits exceptional electrochemical performance, including a high specific capacitance of 275 F g⁻¹ at 1.0 A g⁻¹, an energy density of 34.04 W h kg⁻¹, and excellent adhesion properties. The synergistic non-covalent interactions between PDA's amine, catechol, quinone functionalities and PEDOT are credited to enhance ion transport through the electrode, improving SC efficiency. These exceptional properties, alongside strong adhesion and uniform deposition of PEDOT on PDA, demonstrate the novelty of the advanced photopolymerization approach. Our eco-friendly photopolymerization method paves the way for sustainable, high-performance SC electrode fabrication, bridging the gap between sustainable chemistry and next-generation energy storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 106414"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}