Reactive & Functional Polymers最新文献

{"title":"Synthesis of betulin dioleate epoxide as a bio-based building block for epoxy resin formulations with modified rapeseed oil","authors":"Rinalds Buss ,&nbsp;Oskars Platnieks ,&nbsp;Viktors Kumpiņš ,&nbsp;Inese Mieriņa ,&nbsp;Māris Turks ,&nbsp;Armands Leitans ,&nbsp;Mikelis Kirpluks ,&nbsp;Sergejs Gaidukovs","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Growing demand for sustainable alternatives to petrochemical-based epoxy resins has spurred the development of bio-based systems. This study introduces a targeted synthesis using betulin extracted from birch bark to produce high-value polymeric resins. For the first time, a novel betulin-derived epoxide (BOE) was synthesized and combined with epoxidized rapeseed oil (ERO), then thermally cured with seven different anhydrides and three distinct thermal initiators. Samples of 21 compositions were formulated, and three optimally cured ones were studied in detail. Rheological and infrared analysis revealed a gel time of approximately 45 min, with maximum conversion achieved within 75 min, yielding conversion rates of 84–93 %. Hardness tests showed Shore hardness values ranging from 37 to 81 (Shore A) and 10 to 33 (Shore D), pencil hardness between 2B and 3H, and Vickers microhardness from 0.7 to 9.3 HV. Tribological analysis revealed wear rates from 1.27 to 1.76 × 10⁻³ mm³ N⁻¹ m⁻¹ and friction coefficients from 0.610 to 0.688 under various load conditions, confirming excellent wear resistance. The cross-cut adhesion tape test demonstrated adhesion with a 5 A rating. The study underscores the potential of combining soft and hard macromolecular chain block designs, optimized hardener, and initiator selection to yield bio-based epoxy resins tailored for specific applications and performance requirements – offering a viable alternative to conventional fossil-based epoxy analogs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 106285"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen and sulfur co-doped microporous carbon through benzo[c]-1,2,5-thiadiazole-functionalized benzoxazine-linkage porous organic polymer in CO2 capture and energy storage","authors":"Mohamed Gamal Mohamed ,&nbsp;Chia-Chi Chen ,&nbsp;Shiao-Wei Kuo","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Benzoxazine-based functional polymers have been received as promising materials because of their superior thermal stability, mechanical strength, and versatility in applications ranging from coatings to high-performance nanocomposites. In this study, we synthesized two benzo[c]-1,2,5-thiadiazole (BBT)-functionalized benzoxazine monomers: BBT-BZ and its brominated derivative, BBT-BZ-2Br, using a three-step process comprising Schiff base formation, reduction, and Mannich condensation, which were validated via FTIR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy, and HR mass spectrometry. To further enhance functionality, the porous organic polymer (POP) was synthesized from the BBT-BZ-2Br with tetraethynylpyrene (Py-T) monomers using the Sonogashira-Hagihara coupling reaction, resulting in BBT-BZTB-Py POP. The thermal properties of the BZ monomers and their corresponding polymers were analyzed via TGA, revealing excellent thermal stability and robust cross-linked networks formed via thermal ring-opening polymerization (ROP) to create poly(BBT-BZTB-Py) POP. Subsequent carbonization of poly(BBT-BZTB-Py) POP at 600 °C with KOH activation yielded a microporous N/S co-doped carbon material, poly(BBT-BZTB-Py) POP-600. Characterization using Raman spectroscopy, XRD, XPS, and N₂ adsorption/desorption analysis confirmed the successful incorporation of heteroatoms and the development of a hierarchical microporous and mesoporous structure. This material demonstrated potential for gas capture and electrochemical energy storage applications. Overall, this work presents comprehensive work on the design, synthesis, and thermal behavior of functionalized benzoxazine monomers and their POP derivatives, emphasizing their versatility for advanced material applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 106286"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Copolymerization mechanism of bismaleimide and cyanate Ester resins: Effect of naphthalene structures","authors":"Xin Zhang ,&nbsp;Chaoen Jin ,&nbsp;Fan Wang ,&nbsp;Yaping Zhu ,&nbsp;Yingjie Ren ,&nbsp;Liang Wang ,&nbsp;Huimin Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the development of aerospace and printed circuit board (PCB) industries, the thermal performance requirements for BT resins are continuously increasing. In this paper, naphthalene structure was introduced into the common BT resin system to improve the heat resistance of BT resin, and the effect of the naphthalene structure on the curing mechanism was investigated. Comprehensive studies on the copolymerization and curing mechanisms of the N,N′-(4,4′-methylenediphenyl)bismaleimide/bisphenol A cyanate resin (BDM/BADCy) system and the N,N′-(4,4′-methylenediphenyl)bismaleimide/bisphenol A cyanate/naphthalene cyanate (BDM/BADCy/DNCy) system were carried out without the use of a catalyst, by using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC–MS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and two-dimensional Infrared (2D-FTIR) analytical techniques. The experimental results demonstrated that the cyanate ester (CE) and bismaleimide (BMI) initially copolymerized, predominantly leading to the formation of a pyrimidine structure. Subsequently, in the later stage of the reaction, CE underwent homopolymerization to form a triazine ring structure. The incorporation of the naphthalene ring conspicuously enhanced the reactivity, effectively lowered the curing temperature, expedited the onset of the copolymerization reaction, and promotes the formation of more copolymers. Moreover, due to the rigid nature of the naphthalene ring and the increased cross-linking density, the heat resistance of cured BT resin was consequently improved. This study provides valuable insights for the fabrication of high-performance BT resins with naphthalene ring structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 106282"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergetic effect of heteroatoms doping and functional groups of graphene-chitosan magnetic nanocomposite on enhancement of heavy metal sorption","authors":"Elham Qasemi,&nbsp;Mansoor Anbia,&nbsp;Marzie Rezaie","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficient removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions remains a significant environmental challenge. In this study, a nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) co-doped graphene (G) wrapped chitosan(CS) magnetic nanocomposite (NS-MGC) was synthesized via a scalable hydrothermal method. Thiourea acted as both a reducing and doping agent, while chitosan, a biodegradable and cost-effective biopolymer, provided additional functional groups for metal binding. The incorporation of Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ nanoparticles enabled rapid magnetic separation, enhancing recyclability.</div><div>The NS-MGC nanocomposite demonstrated exceptional adsorption capacities of 421.78 mg·g⁻¹ for Zn²⁺, 318.44 mg·g⁻¹ for Cd²⁺, and 169.58 mg·g⁻¹ for Pb²⁺. Adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model, indicating chemisorption, while equilibrium data were best fitted to the Freundlich isotherm, confirming multilayer adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces. The nanocomposite demonstrated excellent stability, retaining high efficiency over multiple reuse cycles. Mechanistic investigations revealed that electrostatic interactions, ion exchange, and surface complexation predominantly governed the adsorption process. The adsorption efficiency was largely influenced by the basicity of N-donor sites and the acidity and ion-exchange ability of –COOH⁺ groups, ensuring high adsorption even at elevated metal ion concentrations. These findings establish NS-MGC as a highly efficient, scalable, and reusable adsorbent for heavy metal removal in aqueous environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 106283"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-charged cryogels for efficient removal of dyes and oil-water separation in wastewater treatment","authors":"Pengfei Yang ,&nbsp;Yan Qin ,&nbsp;Zheng Xu ,&nbsp;Wangxu Hou ,&nbsp;Yujie Guo ,&nbsp;Kexin Zheng ,&nbsp;Junying Li ,&nbsp;Weitao Hao ,&nbsp;Liying Sun ,&nbsp;Feng Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the development of modern industry, water pollution has become an urgent environmental issue, so it is very urgent to find one-step strategy to treat with complicated wastewater. In this paper, poly (vinyl imidazole -<em>co</em>- methacrylic acid) cryogels were prepared with freezing polymerization for the treatment of complicated wastewater containing not only cationic dyes and anionic dyes but also common organic solvents. For the preparation of cyrogels, with the increase of the molar ratio of methacrylic acid to vinyl imidazole, the adsorption capacity of dyes varied as 271.33–187.09 mg·g⁻¹ for methyl blue, 342.96–150.16 mg·g⁻¹ for methyl orange, 7.76–85.72 mg·g⁻¹ for methylene blue, and 19.19–110.10 mg·g⁻¹ for crystal violet. Thus, by adjusting the molar ratio of monomers, a variety of versatile cryogels could be designed to treat with dye solutions of different type and concentration. Adsorption mechanism was then investigated through kinetics and isotherm, which showed single-layer chemical adsorption. Moreover, the surface hydrophilicity of porous cryogels made it possible for the separation of oil-water mixtures with over 95 % separation efficiency by selective water permeation. This study provides a quite new approach to prepare cryogels with both positive and negative charges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 106279"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multilayer gradient chitosan fiber scaffolds for skin tissue regeneration with enhanced mechanical strength and cellular infiltration","authors":"Nguyen D. Tien ,&nbsp;Tianxiang Geng ,&nbsp;David Coelho ,&nbsp;Janne E. Reseland ,&nbsp;Ståle Petter Lyngstadaas ,&nbsp;Jonny J. Blaker ,&nbsp;Håvard J. Haugen","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using the solution blow spinning technique, a trilayer structure scaffold was developed for skin tissue engineering. The scaffold, composed of chitosan/polyethylene oxide (CHI/PEO) fibers, mimicking the skin's natural structure, featuring a fiber diameter gradient ranging from 300 to 1200 nm and controlled porosity. Neutralization with potassium carbonate solution stabilized the chitosan-based fibers and enhanced their mechanical properties. The subsequent removal of PEO during neutralization created a porosity gradient (80–50 %) across the scaffold layers, resulting in interconnected pores essential for cell infiltration and nutrient transport. The neutralized scaffolds enhanced mechanical performance with an ultimate tensile strength of 29.4 ± 4.8 MPa and Young's modulus of 6.5 ± 1.1 MPa. The toughness was found to be 2.3 ± 1.0 MJ/m³.</div><div>The gradient design closely mimics aspects of the skin's extracellular matrix. It substantially enhances the scaffold's mechanical integrity—doubling tensile strength, Young's modulus, and toughness compared to the as-spun structure—while preserving the essential flexibility required for dynamic wound environments.</div><div>In vitro evaluations using co-cultures of normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) and human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKa) demonstrated suitable cell viability, adhesion, and proliferation on the scaffold. Moreover, confocal imaging confirmed HEKa cellular infiltration throughout the more porous scaffold parts and dense NHDF layers on the less porous fiber layer, effectively mimicking the spatial organization of native skin layers.</div><div>Our results underscore the significant potential of this gradient chitosan fiber scaffold as a scalable and versatile platform for skin tissue engineering. This innovative scaffold offers a promising new strategy for accelerating wound healing and achieving durable tissue regeneration by seamlessly integrating superior mechanical performance with enhanced cellular dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 106276"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fully biomass reprocessable thermoset plastics based on acetals dynamic covalent bonds","authors":"Tengfei Han ,&nbsp;Yan Huang ,&nbsp;Shufen Zhang ,&nbsp;Benzhi Ju","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The introduction of dynamic covalent bond into thermoset polymer networks to construct covalent adaptable networks (CANs) can endow thermoset materials with plasticity through the rearrangement of network driven by their reversible bond exchange under specific stimuli. In this study, we constructed cellulose CANs based on dynamic covalent bond of acetals and hemiacetals (ACCs) using dialdehyde starch (DAS) as the cross-linker for hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC). The constitutive relationships of crosslinking density and crosslinker structure on the thermal and mechanical properties of ACCs were investigated by adjusting the addition ratio of crosslinker and the degree of oxidation of the crosslinker. In addition, the dynamic response properties of ACCs including stress relaxation, creep, remodelling and welding are also studied. We also analysed the degradation of ACCs in acid solution and the feasibility of raw material recycling. This work is expected to provide new ideas for the development of new sustainable plastics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 106281"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superabsorbent polymers: Eco-friendliness and the gap between basic research and industrial applications","authors":"Wilfried Denagbe ,&nbsp;Etienne Mazet ,&nbsp;Jacques Desbrières ,&nbsp;Philippe Michaud","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) are versatile materials, indispensable in the design of various products (98 % of SAPs in the hygiene sector, and 2 % of SAPs in agriculture, biomedical, water treatment and civil engineering) due to their ability to absorb massive quantities of fluids. SAPs are mainly made from polyacrylate derivatives despite their high ecological footprint, because of their high absorption capacities and their low cost. This reality forces some players in the field to envisage a more sustainable future through the development of eco-friendly SAPs. However, the notion of SAPs is often generalized independently of their field of application, and the procedures used to evaluate their performance are sometimes far removed from the standardized procedures essential to their industrial applications. This review attempts to give readers clear definitions of SAPs depending on their applications. It aims also to take stock of existing standardized and normalized procedures for qualifying them. It highlights the cruel reality in this field, distinguishing eco-friendly “SAP” materials from those that are not. Finally, it recontextualizes the subject proposing a clear approach to adopt and showing that the industrial application potential of “eco-friendly and biodegradable SAP” is poorly understood when it is not evaluated according to industrial requirements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 106278"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and properties of intrinsically antimicrobial Nylon 6 containing Trifluoromethyl Thiazole ring via a capping strategy","authors":"Wenxing Yuan,&nbsp;Rende Qin,&nbsp;Yuming Wang,&nbsp;Yongjie Yuan,&nbsp;Hailiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antibacterial nylon 6 exhibits excellent antibacterial properties, as well as good mechanical performance, wear resistance, and dyeing characteristics, making it widely applicable in various fields such as automotive, medical, apparel, and personal care industries, including medical sutures, food packaging films, and automotive interior materials. However, most of the reported antibacterial nylon 6 is prepared by doping antibacterial agents. Developing a simple strategy to synthesize intrinsically antimicrobial nylon 6 with superior antibacterial performance is of great significance, but also presents challenges. In this study, we propose a strategy for preparing intrinsically antimicrobial nylon 6 through a capping strategy. 2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)thiazole-5-carboxylic acid (TA), an antibacterial compound, was used as a capping agent. Through hydrolytic polymerization with caprolactam, we synthesized intrinsically antimicrobial nylon 6 with trifluoromethyl thiazole group. The results show that the prepared antibacterial nylon 6 possesses good mechanical properties and thermal stability, with a tensile strength exceeding 60 MPa and a thermal decomposition temperature above 390 °C. Furthermore, the addition of only 3 wt% TA completely eradicates <em>E. coli</em> and <em>S. aureus</em>, demonstrating excellent antibacterial efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 106280"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of new hybrid materials based on polymeric membranes and polarized electrodes for Cu2+ and Pb2+ photo reduction","authors":"O. Arous ,&nbsp;R. Bagtache ,&nbsp;L. Bechohra ,&nbsp;S. Merazka ,&nbsp;B. Bellal ,&nbsp;M. Trari","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new system combining ionic membranes–semiconductors is studied for the photo-reduction of metallic ions M²⁺ (Pb²⁺ and Cu²⁺) from water. For this purpose, a novel class of cellulose triacetate (CTA) membranes was developed; they were modified by polyanethol-sulfonic acid (PATSA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyethylenimine (PEI), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) incorporation that are selectively permeable to metallic ions. The synthesized membranes were plasticized by nitro-phenyl pentyl ether (NPPE) to improve the physical and mechanical properties. The elaborated membranes were characterized by thermal analysis (TGA), FTIR spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). In parallel, two semi-conductors namely <em>p</em>-CuO and <em>n</em>-ZnO were prepared by precipitation in alkaline medium and characterized physically and electrochemically. The optical gaps of CuO (1.30 eV) and ZnO (3.25 eV) were obtained from the diffuse reflectance. The activation energies were deduced from the slope of the plots log (conductivity) vs. 1000/T. The electrochemical characterization was undertaken to establish the energy diagram of the system “<em>p</em>-CuO / water / M²⁺ electrolyte membranes/ water/ <em>n</em>-ZnO”, a preamble of the M²⁺ photo-electrodeposition. The conduction band of CuO (−0.11 V_<em>SCE</em>) is cathodic enough for the reduction of metal ions. As application the photo-electro-dialysis was successfully exploited to reduce the cations M²⁺ (Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺) under visible light. The results indicated that the combined system enhances considerably the electrons transfer and the diffusion flux of M²⁺ ions, thus giving appreciable percentages of M²⁺ reduction to elemental state. Abatements of 82 and 25 % were reached respectively for Pb²⁺ and Cu²⁺ upon visible light irradiation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 106274"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}