Reactive & Functional Polymers最新文献

{"title":"Achieving interfacial stability in lithium metal batteries by PEO/PSBMA-based gel polymer membrane using aqueous solvent","authors":"Weiqi Liang ,&nbsp;Ning Xu ,&nbsp;Changyong Mo ,&nbsp;Guanjie Li ,&nbsp;Youhao Liao ,&nbsp;Weishan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106503","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Utilizing high-capacity lithium anodes becomes the most effective strategy to enhance the energy density of lithium metal batteries (LMBs). The associated safety issues can be effectively addressed by employing gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs). Although traditional polyethylene oxide (PEO) based GPE exhibits good compatibility with lithium anodes, its lower oxidative decomposition potential (&lt; 4 V) restricts its application in 4.2 V LMBs. To extend the oxidative stability of PEO, we propose a PEO blended GPE that incorporates the water-soluble zwitterionic polymer, poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA), synthesized <em>via</em> free-radical polymerization. The blended polymer membrane was fabricated using electrospinning with water as the solvent. The environmentally friendly membrane with porous fiber structure shows the increased ionic conductivity of 1.8 × 10^‐3 S cm^‐1 for PPA25-GPE (PEO: PSBMA = 75 %: 25 %), compared to 1.0 × 10^‐3 S cm^‐1 for PEO based GPE. Furthermore, the oxidative potential of PPA25-GPE is extended to 5 V <em>vs</em> Li/Li⁺. The superior film-forming ability and wettability properties of PSBMA, attributed to its zwitterionic groups, improve the interfacial compatibility between GPE and electrodes, contributing to the cyclic performance of the assembled battery. A Li||Li symmetric cell delivers a stable lifespan of over 2500 h at 0.5 mA cm^‐2 with a fixed areal capacity of 0.5 mAh cm^‐2, while the LiNi_0.8Co_0.15Al_0.05O₂/Li cell exhibits excellent cycling stability and rate capability up to 4.5 V. Consequently, the environmentally friendly nature and electrochemical stability of GPE facilitates the further development of high-energy density LMBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 106503"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A switchable wettability coating based on KH550-SiO2-DTMS nanocomposite particles with controllable oil-water separation performance","authors":"Chenyu Cai,&nbsp;Shuangshuang Liang,&nbsp;Tianxiang Li,&nbsp;Luyao Cong,&nbsp;An Fan,&nbsp;Hong Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intelligently responsive super-wetting coatings have garnered significant attention for their ability to modulate wettability in response to environmental stimuli, enabling efficient oil/water separation. This study presents a novel pH-responsive super-wetting coating fabricated via a simple, cost-effective sol-gel and dip-coating approach on cotton fabric. The coating combines low-surface-energy dodecyl trimethoxysilane (DTMS) with pH-sensitive 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (KH550) modified SiO₂ nanoparticles. The coating's structure, morphology, and properties were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and water contact angle measurements (WCA). Compared to existing pH-responsive systems, this coating exhibits superior switching speed: it transitions rapidly from superhydrophobicity (WCA &gt; 150° at pH 7) to superhydrophilicity (WCA decreases from 50.24° to 0° within 20 s at pH 1) and reversibly back to superhydrophobicity (WCA = 163° at pH 13). The coating demonstrates excellent stability in various salt solutions (NaCl, KCl, KNO₃) and under ultrasonic washing, ensuring robustness in complex aqueous environments. Leveraging this reversible wettability switching, the coating achieves high separation efficiencies for both high-density (98.5 %) and low-density (96 %) oil/water mixtures. Critically, this fabrication strategy eliminates the need for expensive, environmentally hazardous heavy metals (e.g., Ag, Au, Cu) or complex polymerization processes commonly employed in other smart separation materials. The combination of rapid switching, environmental and economic friendliness, salt resistance, durability, and high separation performance underscores the significant potential of this coating for diverse practical oil/water separation applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 106498"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RAFT-polymerization of N-vinyl succinimide mediated by S,S´-dibenzyl trithiocarbonate: Synthesis of homopolymers, block-copolymers and amphiphilic derivatives as drug delivery systems","authors":"Mariia L. Levit ,&nbsp;Eugene V. Sivtsov ,&nbsp;Alexey I. Gostev ,&nbsp;Ekaterina S. Sinitsyna ,&nbsp;Anatolii V. Dobrodumov ,&nbsp;Irina O. Bagaeva ,&nbsp;Natalia V. Zakharova ,&nbsp;Evgenia G. Korzhikova-Vlakh","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of novel polymers for biomedical applications remains a highly demanded field of polymer science. In this study, the radical polymerization of <em>N-</em>vinylsuccinimide (VSI) using <em>S,S´</em>-dibenzyl trithiocarbonate (DBTTC) as a reversible chain-transfer agent was investigated both <em>in bulk</em> and in 1,4-dioxane solution. The resulting polymers were characterized by SEC, ¹H, ¹³С and HSQC NMR spectroscopy to determine their molecular weight distribution, conversion, and microstructure. The polymerization followed a controlled mechanism, as evidenced by linear molecular weight increase with conversion, suppression of the gel effect, and living chain behavior. The position of the trithiocarbonate group within the polymer chain was elucidated <em>via</em> nucleophilic and reduction reactions, and radical initiator substitution. The trithiocarbonate group was found to shift from a central to asymmetric position depending on synthesis conditions and chain length. PVSI-DBTTC was subsequently employed as a macro-RAFT agent for the synthesis of triblock copolymers with <em>O</em>-cholesteryl acrylate (ChA). These copolymers were analyzed by SEC, ¹H NMR spectroscopy and DSC. Hydrolysis of the VSI units to <em>N</em>-vinylsuccinamic acid (VSAA) units yielded the amphiphilic triblock copolymer – PVSAA-<em>b</em>-PChA-<em>b</em>-PVSAA, which self-assembled into micelles in aqueous media. The resulting dispersions were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which revealed the formation of spherical nanoparticles with a hydrodynamic diameter of up to 200 nm and a polydispersity index (PDI) below 0.3 in phosphate-buffered saline solution (pH 7.4). The developed micelles successfully encapsulated irinotecan and exhibited pH-responsive release. Furthermore, the nanoparticles demonstrated low cytotoxicity in various cells and low uptake by macrophages, as well as preserved the potent anticancer activity of the loaded drug, making them as promising candidate for effective drug delivery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 106497"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reversible Ca2+ coordination crosslinking of rPVB via melt blending: Concurrent enhancement of thermo-mechanical properties, shape memory effects, and ionic conductivity","authors":"Haorong Zhang ,&nbsp;Ping Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianmin Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Wang ,&nbsp;Yanyu Yang ,&nbsp;Wanjie Wang ,&nbsp;Yanxia Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106499","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address global resource waste and environmental pollution from unrecycled poly(vinyl butyral) (rPVB), this study establishes an rPVB/CaCl₂·nH₂O coordination crosslinking system via melt blending. The regulation mechanism of crosslinking networks on material properties was systematically investigated using multiple techniques including torque rheometry, ATR-IR, DSC, DMA, rheometry, and EIS. The results show that the addition of CaCl₂·nH₂O significantly improves the storage modulus, glass transition temperature (T_g), and mechanical properties of rPVB by forming coordination bonds between PVB hydroxyl groups and Ca²⁺. When the content of CaCl₂·nH₂O is 10 wt%, the shape fixing rate (R_f) and recovery rate (R_r) of the film both exceed 93 %, demonstrating excellent shape memory performance. In addition, the ionic conductivity of the crosslinked material increases with the increase of CaCl₂·nH₂O content, with a maximum value of 4.24 × 10⁻⁵ S/cm. The study confirms that CaCl₂ coordination crosslinking is an effective strategy to regulate the multifunctional properties of rPVB, providing theoretical and technical support for its low-cost applications in intelligent materials, energy storage, and other fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 106499"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a high-performance dual-curing Vitrimeric acrylate/epoxy system for 3D printing: Analysis of thermal effect and network evolution","authors":"A. Escribá-Flores ,&nbsp;Szymon Gaca ,&nbsp;X. Fernández-Francos ,&nbsp;Sandra Schlögl ,&nbsp;A. Fabregat-Sanjuan","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vat photopolymerization (VPP) 3D printing has gained significant attention for its ability to fabricate complex geometries with high resolution and excellent surface finish using relatively low-cost equipment. However, developing materials that combine mechanical robustness, geometric fidelity, and recyclability remains challenging. Here, we present a dual-curing vitrimeric acrylate/epoxy system that transitions from a highly deformable up to 80 % of strain in the intermediate state (ultimate tensile strength of 0.7 MPa) to a mechanically robust final state (ultimate tensile strength of 66 MPa) after thermal treatment. The system also supports effective repair via bonding protocols, recovering substantial mechanical integrity, thanks to the transesterification bond exchange. In spite of some shortcomings related to the irreversible changes in network structure upon thermal cycling, these results demonstrate a promising versatile platform for sustainable, durable, and repairable VPP components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 106494"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reaction routes with glycidyl methacrylate for the incorporation of oleic acid in amphiphilic block copolymers","authors":"Catarina P. Gomes ,&nbsp;Mário Rui P.F.N. Costa ,&nbsp;Rolando C.S. Dias","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research focused on assessing different reaction routes for synthesizing amphiphilic block copolymers, with the hydrophobic part built using glycidyl methacrylate and oleic acid and the hydrophilic segment made from 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate. The main objectives of this study were to identify reaction routes leading to low-impact branching and/or crosslinking mechanisms involving epoxides and oleic acid, and to synthesize p(GMA-OA)-<em>b</em>-p(DMAEMA) copolymers in a simple and scalable manner. Block copolymer synthesis was considered using both ATRP and RAFT polymerization.</div><div>The reaction route involving the synthesis of methacrylated oleic acid proved problematic, whereas higher synthesis efficiency was achieved when the glycidyl methacrylate moieties were modified with oleic acid after polymerization. It was found that working with DMSO solvent and a stoichiometric excess of oleic acid was particularly important for reducing branching/crosslinking. FTIR and GPC analyses were used to assess the progress of the chemical composition and molecular architecture of the intermediate homo- and <em>co</em>-polymers, and to demonstrate the successful production of the intended p(GMA-OA)-<em>b</em>-p(DMAEMA) materials.</div><div>The synthesized block copolymers were used for encapsulating and delivering oleanolic acid considering solid polymer dispersions and aqueous particle dispersions. SEM and TEM analysis demonstrate the ability of the p(GMA-OA)-<em>b</em>-p(DMAEMA) copolymers to self-assemble in an aqueous environment and well-defined spherical aggregates were observed, for example with size up to 100 nm in size with an external shell around 5–8 nm thick. A high loading capacity for oleanolic acid was measured, with a range of up to 0.17 mg/mL in aqueous particle dispersions. The dynamics of oleanolic acid release was measured under different conditions, including changes in solvent composition, pH and temperature. The results demonstrate sustained release of the encapsulated oleanolic acid and transitions induced by pH/temperature changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 106492"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable bioactive films from sericin and carbon quantum dots: A green approach to smart food packaging","authors":"Seojin Kim ,&nbsp;Jihyeon Kim ,&nbsp;Yurim Kim ,&nbsp;Juhee Yoon ,&nbsp;Hyemin Kim ,&nbsp;Hyoseung Lim ,&nbsp;Seon-Gyeong Kim ,&nbsp;Dawoon Seo ,&nbsp;Chaeeun Kim ,&nbsp;Hyoung-Joon Jin ,&nbsp;Hyo Won Kwak","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing environmental burden of petroleum-based plastics has strengthened the demand for sustainable, biodegradable, and multifunctional materials in the food packaging industry. In this study, we developed a novel biologically active film by combining fructose-mediated Maillard crosslinking and sericin-derived carbon quantum dots (S-CQDs) within a sericin matrix. The Maillard reaction strengthened the film structure through covalent bonding and producing antioxidant melanoidin compounds. S-CQDs synthesized via a green hydrothermal route contributed additional functions such as enhanced mechanical strength, radical scavenging activity, and water barrier performance. The resulting composite films significantly improved tensile strength, elongation, ultraviolet protection, and water resistance compared to pure sericin films. The Fru/C exhibited excellent antioxidant activity in both DPPH and ABTS assays, and the highest preservation performance among the examined films when applied to fresh fruits, effectively minimizing weight loss and visual spoilage. These results demonstrated a synergistic strategy to convert silk industry byproducts into multifunctional packaging films through environmentally friendly processes, providing a promising platform for next-generation sustainable food packaging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 106493"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of polyesters from hydroxyalkenes and CO via optimized alkoxycarbonylation","authors":"Qiuyuan Huang ,&nbsp;Katsuhiko Takenaka ,&nbsp;Tomoyuki Toda","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, polyesters were synthesized via palladium-catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation of hydroxyalkenes (allyl alcohol, 3-buten-1-ol, 4-penten-1-ol, 7-octen-1-ol, 10-undecen-1-ol) using carbon monoxide (CO). The methylene chain length critically dictates the polymerization behavior: short-chain substrates (allyl alcohol, 3-buten-1-ol) undergo dominant intramolecular cyclization to lactones, suppressing polymer formation. In contrast, longer-chain monomers (7-octen-1-ol, 10-undecen-1-ol) yielded high-molecular-weight linear polyesters (<em>M</em>_n up to 9500). Structural characterization using NMR, SEC, IR, and MALDI-TOF-MS confirmed the formation of predominantly linear polyesters (70–80 mol%) with minor branching. Mechanistic studies revealed that terminal olefins exhibit higher reactivity than internal olefins; however, palladium-catalyzed isomerization generates less-reactive internal olefin chain ends, limiting polymer growth. Optimizing the catalyst composition, polymerization temperature, and monomer concentration enhanced the polymer yield and molecular weight. These findings demonstrate the potential of alkoxycarbonylation for converting hydroxyalkenes and CO into polyesters, providing key insights into monomer structure-reactivity relationships and enabling sustainable polyester synthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 106489"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rational design and synthesis of novel benzoxazine resins with excellent thermal and flame - Retardant properties","authors":"Zeyu Zhu,&nbsp;Xin Zhang,&nbsp;Yuliang Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Benzoxazine resins, a type of thermosetting resin, have drawn increasing research attention due to their advantages in flame retardancy, heat resistance, and waste - free curing. However, balancing multiple advantageous properties like high residual carbon content, low curing temperature, and excellent flame retardancy remains a challenge in their application. In this study, four benzoxazine resin materials were rationally designed and synthesized using inexpensive and readily available 2,4 - dihydroxybenzaldehyde as the starting material. Among them, Poly(EHD – 3apa) stands out with remarkable performance. It has a low curing temperature of 186.1 °C, which can be attributed to the catalytic effect of hydroxyl and aldehyde groups in its structure. Poly(EHD – 3apa) also exhibits high thermal stability, with a heat resistance index (HRI) value of 284, and a high char yield of 67 %. Its outstanding flame retardancy is demonstrated by an LOI value of 40, well above the self - extinguishing material standard. MCC testing and vertical burning tests further confirm its excellent flame - retardant properties. These results indicate that Poly(EHD – 3apa) shows great potential for applications in high - performance composite materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 106491"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring countered anions effect on the luminescence behaviors of triphenylamine-based dipyridinium salts and poly(pyridinium salts)","authors":"Kai-Jhen Huang ,&nbsp;Yu-Jen Shao ,&nbsp;Chin-Hsuan Lin ,&nbsp;Peng-Yi Lin ,&nbsp;Yu-Ting Kao ,&nbsp;Yan-Ding Lin ,&nbsp;Pi-Tai Chou ,&nbsp;Guey-Sheng Liou","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two series of acceptor-donor-acceptor (A−D−A) structural triphenylamine (TPA)-based dipyridinium salts, as well as the corresponding poly (pyridinium salts), have been strategically designed and synthesized in this work. Substantial intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) effects of dipyridinium salts with solvent- and counter anion-dependent emission features manifested in photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and confirmed by cyclic voltammetry and theoretical approaches. The PL quantum yields (Φ_PL) of prepared dipyridinium salts could facilitate further enhancement in neat film by incorporating larger anions, including BF₄⁻, ClO₄⁻, and PF₆⁻; among them, CN-BF₄ achieved a Φ_PL as high as 88 %. PH and PCN polymers were also successfully prepared with high molecular weight (M_w &gt; 94 kDa) and characterized, revealing aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) behaviors, in which PCN-BF₄ demonstrates the greatest Φ_PL of 22 % in the neat film.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 106481"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}