Effect of chitosan on 3D printed scaffolds with gelatin–hyaluronic acid, hydroxyapatite and magnetic nanoparticles for bone tissues defects repair

IF 5.1 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers Pub Date : 2025-07-27 DOI:10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106422

Iustina Apăvăloaiei , Isabella Nacu , Florina-Daniela Cojocaru , Vera Balan , Maria Bercea , Loredana Elena Niță , Liliana Vereștiuc

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Bone is a dynamic and vascularized tissue, with self-healing abilities, efficient in treating minor defects. Bone tissue engineering has focused on materials used to reconstruct large orthopedics defects and 3D (bio)printing is a revolutionary technology able to design well-defined geometries. The paper details the preparation of printable inks based on methacrylated chitosan with different molecular weight, methacrylated gelatin, hyaluronic acid, hydroxyapatite and magnetic nanoparticle, and evaluates the inks printability, and scaffolds properties in correlation with bone repair requirements. The polymers homogenization with magnetic nanoparticles and hydroxyapatite led to gels with rheological characteristics for 3D printing (shear tests in oscillatory or rotational regimes); inks containing short chitosan chains and high hydroxyapatite concentrations showed suitable viscosity and elasticity. The yield stress results suggest that the inks are becoming more resistant to flow by increasing the Cs molecular weight. Scanning electron microscopy images confirmed the 3D printed architecture and the formation of 3D network with interconnected pores, varying from 50 μm to 150 μm, beneficial for bone cells migration and infiltration. Hydroxyapatite content, strongly influenced scaffolds mechanical features (Young modulus), and by tailoring the polymeric/hydroxyapatite phases, 3D printed scaffolds suitable for implantation in low-load bearing sites. On the other hand, the inclusion of magnetic nanoparticles induced ability to respond to external magnetic field and potential to activate complex pathways for osteogenic differentiation. The prepared scaffolds are cytocompatible, the cells preserved their normal morphology and interacted in uniform layers.

Abstract Image

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壳聚糖对明胶透明质酸、羟基磷灰石和磁性纳米颗粒3D打印骨组织缺损修复支架的影响

骨是一个动态和血管化的组织，具有自我修复能力，有效地治疗轻微缺陷。骨组织工程专注于用于重建大型骨科缺陷的材料，3D（生物）打印是一项能够设计明确几何形状的革命性技术。本文以不同分子量的甲基丙烯酸壳聚糖、甲基丙烯酸明胶、透明质酸、羟基磷灰石和磁性纳米颗粒为基材，制备了可打印油墨，并对油墨的可打印性和与骨修复要求相关的支架性能进行了评价。聚合物与磁性纳米颗粒和羟基磷灰石的均质化导致具有3D打印流变特性的凝胶（振荡或旋转状态下的剪切测试）；壳聚糖链短、羟基磷灰石浓度高的油墨具有良好的粘度和弹性。屈服应力结果表明，随着Cs分子量的增加，油墨的抗流动能力增强。扫描电镜图像证实了3D打印的结构和孔隙相互连接的3D网络的形成，孔径从50 μm到150 μm不等，有利于骨细胞的迁移和浸润。羟基磷灰石的含量，强烈影响支架的力学特性（杨氏模量），并且通过剪裁聚合物/羟基磷灰石相，3D打印支架适合植入在低负荷承载部位。另一方面，磁性纳米颗粒诱导了对外部磁场的响应能力和激活成骨分化复杂途径的潜力。所制备的支架具有良好的细胞相容性，细胞保持了正常的形态，并呈均匀层状相互作用。

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来源期刊

Reactive & Functional Polymers 工程技术-高分子科学

CiteScore

8.90

自引率

5.90%

发文量

259

审稿时长

27 days

期刊介绍： Reactive & Functional Polymers provides a forum to disseminate original ideas, concepts and developments in the science and technology of polymers with functional groups, which impart specific chemical reactivity or physical, chemical, structural, biological, and pharmacological functionality. The scope covers organic polymers, acting for instance as reagents, catalysts, templates, ion-exchangers, selective sorbents, chelating or antimicrobial agents, drug carriers, sensors, membranes, and hydrogels. This also includes reactive cross-linkable prepolymers and high-performance thermosetting polymers, natural or degradable polymers, conducting polymers, and porous polymers. Original research articles must contain thorough molecular and material characterization data on synthesis of the above polymers in combination with their applications. Applications include but are not limited to catalysis, water or effluent treatment, separations and recovery, electronics and information storage, energy conversion, encapsulation, or adhesion.