Reactive & Functional Polymers最新文献

{"title":"Heterocyclic self-curing phthalonitrile resins","authors":"Loren C. Brown ,&nbsp;Cole R. Davis ,&nbsp;Andrew T. Kerr ,&nbsp;Matthew Laskoski","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new class of self-curing phthalonitrile (PN) resins composed of various heterocycles is detailed. The heterocyclic-imine PN (HIPN) resins were synthesized utilizing methanol at ambient temperature and polar aprotic solvents acetone or dimethyl sulfoxide. Characterization of the resins was conducted via proton (¹H) and carbon (¹³C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), mechanical analysis (torsion), single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD), and rheometry. The HIPN resins were self-curing due to the heterocycle, imine, and PN moieties present and displayed a range of viscosities from 146 to 1295 cP at 200 °C. The resulting HIPN polymers were prepared by post-curing to 380 °C and exhibited excellent thermal stability up to a 76 % char yield at 1000 °C. The cured HIPN polymers displayed improved mechanical performance in comparison to rival PN systems with storage moduli near 1600 MPa. This combination of properties suggests the HIPN resins are excellent materials for thermomechanical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 106383"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modified polystyrene waste in the adsorptive removal of crystal violet and Cu (II) ion from aqueous medium – Groundwater applicability, modelling and characterization studies","authors":"Nadjib Dahdouh ,&nbsp;Bouallouche Rachida ,&nbsp;V. Sivasankar ,&nbsp;T. Chaabane ,&nbsp;Kiyoshi Omine ,&nbsp;Mohammed Azzaz ,&nbsp;Ramon Murillo","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The waste polystyrene in the sulfonated form was utilized as an adsorbent material for the exclusion of a crystal violet and copper (II) ion from synthetic solution and groundwater. The adsorptive removal of CV and Cu (II) ion as a function of time, pH, SPS dose, initial concentration and temperature was studied. The maximum uptake of CV and Cu (II) of 812 ± 6 mg/g (pH 3–10.5) and 257.3 mg/g (pH 6.03) was observed respectively at an equilibrium time of 60 min. An exothermic nature of sorption (− ΔH°) decreased the removal efficiency by 11 % and 16.5 ± 3.5 % for CV and Cu (II) respectively. The spontaneity of adsorption was reflected from the negative ΔG° values with decreasing randomness (− ΔS°) upon increasing the temperature. The adsorption kinetics (pseudo – first – order, pseudo – second – order, intra – particle diffusion and Elovich) and isotherms models (Langmuir, Freundlich and DKR) in compliance with the present (CV and Cu²⁺) adsorption systems were checked. The stability and efficiency for successive regeneration cycles (uptake of CV ≥ 78 % up to six cycles) inferred that SPS was superior for CV than that of Cu (II) ion. Conspicuously, the removal of 98 % of CV from groundwater was achieved, nonetheless, the Cu (II) ion removal was 56 % due to competing Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions in groundwater. The signature of copper oxides on the SPS was corroborated from the XRD patterns along with the expansion and contraction of SPS crystallites during the adsorption and regeneration processes respectively. The SEM and FTIR studies described the morphological and vibrational modifications of virgin and CV/Cu (II) laden SPS adsorbent. The twin application of SPS in CV and Cu (II) removal has been detailed with a plausible mechanism in this paper.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 106385"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144490967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redox/pH dual-responsive sodium alginate/cassava starch composite hydrogel beads for slow release of insecticides","authors":"Dandan Yan ,&nbsp;Yuanfeng Pan ,&nbsp;Pingxiong Cai ,&nbsp;Huining Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Insecticides play a crucial role in promoting crop growth and boosting crop yields. However, they also contribute to environmental pollution and pose risk to human health. To increase the utilization rate of insecticides and minimize their pollution of the soil and water environment, it is imperative to develop a green material or carrier for the controlled-release of agrochemicals including insecticides. In this study, composite hydrogel beads were successfully prepared using dialdehyde starch and sodium alginate as green-based raw materials, cystamine dihydrochloride as a cross-linking agent, and meanwhile sodium alginate was ionic cross-linked with calcium ions. As-prepared composite hydrogel beads possess pH/redox dual-responsive properties, enabling the controlled release of the insecticide dinotefuran (DIN). The properties, structure and morphology of the hydrogel beads were comprehensively characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Additionally, the release behavior of DIN from the composite hydrogel beads under various conditions was extensively investigated. The results showed that the incorporation of dialdehyde starch significantly enhanced the encapsulation efficiency of DIN within the hydrogel bead. Moreover, the cumulative release of DIN can be precisely modulated by adjusting the release conditions or environmental stimuli; the release kinetics align with the Korsmeyer-Peppas model well. Specially, DIN release is accelerated under neutral conditions and in the presence of the reducing agent glutathione (GSH). The findings of this work are anticipated to exert a positive influence on agricultural production while also contributing to the alleviation of insecticide-related adverse environmental impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 106389"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Versatile crosslinked poly(ionic liquid) gel nanocomposites for environmental remediation, sustainable energy generation and antibacterial applications","authors":"Oscar Ramírez ,&nbsp;Romina Ramírez ,&nbsp;Belén Olivares ,&nbsp;Sebastián Bonardd ,&nbsp;César Saldías ,&nbsp;David Díaz Díaz ,&nbsp;Angel Leiva","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A series of PIL gel-based nanocomposites were obtained, characterized and evaluated for relevant applications such as environmental remediation, sustainable energy generation and antibacterial applications. The materials consisted of poly(4-vinyl pyridine) crosslinked by dibrominated PEG or PCL, leaving IL-like moieties that act as crosslinking nodes within the gel network. Afterwards, the materials were employed as supports for the synthesis of Au and Pt nanoparticles (NPs) via an adsorption/reduction approach. The hybrid materials were characterized by FT-IR, TGA, DSC, NMR and HRTEM techniques. The selection of the crosslinker showed a considerable effect on the swelling and adsorption properties of the materials. Compared with the PIL-PCL gels, the PIL-PEG systems presented higher swelling ratios and faster metal uptake because of the hydrophilicity of PEG. AuNPs/PIL-based materials can remove 4NP from water sources, via adsorption and conversion into 4-aminophenol, a reaction used as an environmental remediation model. The process took place with yields above 82 % in successive runs, also exhibiting a remarkable recyclability, with no desorption of catalytic entities from the support. On the other hand, nanocomposites bearing PtNPs were capable of hydrolysing ammonia borane into hydrogen, as a model reaction for the generation of energy vector molecules, conserving the properties revealed during 4NP removal, like high effectiveness (conversion into hydrogen above 95 %), proper reusability and stability during three reaction cycles. Finally, the presence of ionizable units in the gel endows the material with antimicrobial properties, allowing a significant reduction in bacterial viability, enhancing system durability in the environments where it may be applied.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 106392"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular mobility and calorimetric investigation in renewable polymeric systems based on polylactide blocks in situ built on Pluronic (poloxamer 188)","authors":"Nikolaos D. Bikiaris ,&nbsp;Evi Christodoulou ,&nbsp;Panagiotis Barmpalexis ,&nbsp;Apostolos Kyritsis ,&nbsp;Panagiotis A. Klonos","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106390","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106390","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we study a newly synthesized series of renewable block copolymers based on poly(lactic acid), PLA, blocks built in situ onto the two terminal sites of pluronic at quite small amounts (poloxamer 188, 0.05–0.20 wt%), i.e., PLA-<em>b</em>-Pluronic-<em>b</em>-PLA. The investigation involves mainly calorimetry and dielectric spectroscopy, supplemented by other techniques for the structure. The local and segmental dynamics mapping for the said systems is performed here for the first time. The direct effects of the copolymer structure on the thermodynamical properties are assessed mainly in the amorphous PLA state. Useful conclusions are obtained by directly comparing with neat linear PLAs of various molecular weights, <em>M</em>_n. Interestingly, Pluronic seems to play a <em>co</em>-initiator role within the ring opening polymerization of lactides. The successful copolymer synthesis is partially confirmed here by the systematic decrease of the copolymer chain lengths (<em>M</em>_n), the corresponding acceleration of molecular mobility (<em>T</em>_g drop) and the decreasing fragility, with the increasing of the amount of Pluronic. Compatible with the above results are also the recorded effects on crystallizability of PLA, being mainly suppressed in the PLA/Pluronic systems, in terms of both nucleation and crystalline fraction. The dominant parameters on molecular dynamics were the <em>M</em>_n, the alternations in the free volume and chain-chain associations, in addition to the existence of dynamical heterogeneities in the copolymers, always comparing with neat PLAs of various <em>M</em>_n [<em>Polymer</em> 305 (2024) 127177]. The PLA/Pluronic systems are envisaged for biomedical application, as are considered to exhibit the so-called thermo-responsive transition in aqueous environments. In this frame, the plethora of alternations recorded, herein, e.g., on the <em>T</em>_g and semi-crystallinity of PLA/Pluronic, comparing with neat PLAs, set these systems interesting for further study regarding the applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 106390"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144471665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reactive polythiosemicarbazide membranes featuring thiosemicarbazide ligands for selective chelation and dynamic mercury adsorption","authors":"Jamaliah Aburabie ,&nbsp;Shabin Mohammed ,&nbsp;Raed Hashaikeh","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report the development of a novel polymeric membrane based on polythiosemicarbazide (PTSC), engineered for highly selective and efficient mercury ion removal from contaminated water. Unlike conventional sorbents that require post-functionalization, PTSC incorporates a chelating thiosemicarbazide group in every repeating unit, offering a dense array of active sites for direct metal coordination. This intrinsic functionality eliminates the need for external modification and significantly enhances both adsorption capacity and operational simplicity. The membranes were fabricated via the phase inversion method, yielding an asymmetric porous structure with interconnected pathways that support high flow rates and pressure-driven filtration. This architecture overcomes the diffusional limitations typical of packed-bed adsorbents. Batch adsorption studies conducted under acidic conditions revealed an exceptionally high mercury uptake capacity of 1418 mg/g from 1000 ppm solutions. Dynamic filtration experiments further confirmed rapid and selective mercury removal (93–99 %) from low-concentration (10 ppm) samples. The membranes also demonstrate excellent reusability, with over 99 % regeneration efficiency using 0.1 M thiourea, retaining performance across multiple cycles. Selectivity tests confirmed strong selectivity for Hg²⁺ over competing heavy metals (Cu²⁺, Cr³⁺, Co²⁺, Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺), guided by hard-soft acid-base (HSAB) coordination principles. This work introduces a scalable, functional polymer platform with built-in chelation capability, offering a powerful alternative to conventional mercury adsorbents in water purification applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 106391"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144510908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly sensitive and stretchable liquid-free ionic conductive elastomers for soft Ionotronics","authors":"Caicong Li ,&nbsp;Jun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soft ionic conductors are essential for developing stretchable, transparent ionotronic devices such as ionic skins, human-machine interfaces, and soft luminescent devices. However, traditional ionic conductors based on hydrogels and ionogels face challenges due to the inherent limitations of their liquid components, such as freezing, evaporation, and leakage, which restrict their use in varied and complex environments. In this study, we synthesized a liquid-free ionic conductive elastomer (ICE) by integrating lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) with an ethylene glycol methyl ether acrylate (MEA) and butyl acrylate (BA) blend followed by photoinduced copolymerization to overcome these obstacles. The ICEs exhibited excellent electro-mechanical characteristics, including remarkable stretchability up to 754 %, Young's modulus up to 1.18 MPa, conductivity up to 1.6 × 10⁻² S m⁻¹ and sensitivity (gauge factor) up to 2.51 within 0–200 % strain. Importantly, the absence of liquid components significantly enhanced the durability and lifespan of the device based on the ICE, thus addressing the drawbacks of traditional ionic conductors. We have also developed several ICE-based sensors with high gauge factors to detect human body movements like finger bending or elbow rotation. Moreover, a 3 × 3 sensor array demonstrates exceptional performance in accurately identifying the locations of touch pressure, highlighting the potential of ICE for the design of advanced soft electronic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 106384"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144471663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual dynamic epoxy vitrimer feasibly made from a bio-based hardener and PEG: Synthesis, physico-chemical properties, supramolecular effects, green chemistry metrics, and DFT study","authors":"Mohammad Reza Zamani,&nbsp;Mohammad Jalal Zohuriaan-Mehr,&nbsp;Kourosh Kabiri","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we present the development of a novel epoxy vitrimer with dual reversible linkages. By integrating imine bonds within a vanillin-derived hardener structure and introducing supramolecular interactions through the addition of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), we have feasibly engineered a material exhibiting enhanced recyclability, reprocessability and healability. The presence of PEG induces supramolecular interactions particularly H-bonding, resulting in increased mechanical properties (e.g., fracture toughness from 0.844 to 1.019 MPa.m^0.5), thermal resistance, improved self-healing, higher storage modulus and faster stress relaxation. Our experimental findings, preliminarily verified by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, demonstrated an increase in interaction energy, confirming the synergistic effect of these dual reversible bonds. This dual bonding approach not only maintains the material's structural integrity and mechanical properties but also significantly improves its reprocessing and self-healing capabilities. Easy-to-use green chemistry metrics and simplified life-cycle assessment (LCA), i.e., EcoScale and GREEN MOTION scales, were also considered to provide an insight into the efficiency and greenness of the processes used to prepare the hardener and vitrimers. This work sets a precedent for future materials design, showcasing the potential of combining multiple dynamic bonding mechanisms to achieve superior material performance and sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 106387"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144490911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eu-modified poly (L-lactic acid) microspheres with enhanced crystallinity and stability by incorporation of rare-earth ions interacting with polymer chains via temperature-tuned emulsification","authors":"Giulia Tamburini ,&nbsp;Fabian Gasser ,&nbsp;Eduardo Machado Charry ,&nbsp;Roland Resel ,&nbsp;Giulia Tarricone ,&nbsp;Sergio Piva ,&nbsp;Adele Sassella ,&nbsp;Roberto Lorenzi ,&nbsp;Alberto Paleari","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Incorporation of lanthanide ions into polymers via rare-earth organic complexes poses the issue of the interaction between the polymer matrix and lanthanide compounds, which can significantly influence both the rare-earth functional properties and the structural features of the matrix. This work investigates the synthesis of europium-containing poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) microspheres through an oil-in-water emulsion of PLLA and europium (III) acetylacetonate hydrate dissolved in dichloromethane and water containing poly (vinyl alcohol). The synthesis was conducted at various temperature – from 20 °C to 80 °C, including conditions above the PLLA glass transition. Results from X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering give evidence of higher crystallinity in Eu-modified PLLA microspheres than in undoped PLLA, while differential scanning calorimetry indicates that Eu addition hinders PLLA chain mobility with a resulting decrease in PLLA melt crystallization ability. Insights into the incorporation mechanisms of Eu³⁺ in the microspheres were provided by photoluminescence, scanning-electron-microscopy, micro-computed-tomography, X-ray fluorescence, and infrared spectroscopy. The analysis shows that Eu³⁺ complexes enter the polymer structure by interacting with PLLA chains, modifying the local environment of the lanthanide ions. These findings finally provide a new basis for designing tailored synthesis methods for specific applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 106382"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and characterization of a novel biocomposite from alginate oligosaccharides loaded with endolysin LysPA26: Study of its physico-chemical properties and antibacterial activity","authors":"Carlos Eduardo Camacho-González ,&nbsp;Cesar S. Cardona-Félix ,&nbsp;Alejandro Pérez-Larios ,&nbsp;Sonia G. Sáyago-Ayerdi ,&nbsp;Víctor M. Zamora-Gasga ,&nbsp;Ulises M. López-García ,&nbsp;Jorge A. Sánchez-Burgos","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>LysPA26 (LP26) is a globular endolysin that has shown promising results as an antibacterial agent. However, under adverse conditions such as extreme pH, divalent cations, or high temperatures, it can lose activity and even be utilized as an energy source by certain microorganisms. Therefore, it is crucial to provide protection for this enzyme, for instance, by immobilizing it on supports made from acidic oligosaccharides. The aim of this study was to develop biocomposites based on alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) loaded with LP26, using two synthesis methods under acidic and alkaline conditions, and to evaluate their potential antibacterial activity after immobilization. Biocomposites of the LP26 endolysin immobilized on AOS were synthesized and characterized using FTIR and UV–Vis spectroscopy, confirming successful conjugation without compromising enzyme functionality. Both acetic acid and Tris-HCl synthesis methods achieved protein immobilization efficiencies above 90 %. Notably, Tris-HCl biocomposites exhibited higher muralytic activity, suggesting enhanced interactions between AOS and LP26. Bacteriological tests revealed that the biocomposites effectively lysed <em>P. aeruginosa</em>, <em>E. coli</em>, and <em>E. faecalis</em> but showed limited activity against <em>S. enterica</em>, and <em>A. hydrophila</em> likely due to differences in peptidoglycan structures and bacterial resistance mechanisms. These results highlight the potential of LP26-AOS biocomposites for antibacterial applications. However, optimization of biocomposite synthesis and enzyme loading is needed to expand their effectiveness against a broader range of pathogens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 106386"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144364971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}