{"title":"Exploring NP-GLIDE coatings: A leap forward in the innovation of omniphobic surfaces","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Superhydrophobic surfaces exhibit significant potential for applications in biotechnology, biomedicine, and materials science, owing to their multifunctional properties such as self-cleaning and low solid-liquid adhesion. Diverging from traditional superhydrophobic surfaces, the more durable omniphobic NP-GLIDE (Nanometer-sized Pools of a Grafted Lubricating Ingredient for Dewetting Enablement) coating introduces a surface composed of a covalently bonded monolayer. This monolayer, a liquid-like polymer, integrates nanoscale pools of grafted liquid components within its matrix to enable dewetting. This paper offers a concise review of the latest developments in NP-GLIDE coating, encompassing its synthesis methods using various resins, structural characteristics, and its applications in omniphobic technologies. The assessment of these coatings considers their hydrophobic and oleophobic properties on diverse surfaces, their durability, and any additional functional capabilities. It also deliberates on the future of the field, highlighting the imperative to strike a balance between design simplicity, scalability, and environmental impact to facilitate the advent of technologies ready for mass production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142244159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High throughput PTFE@PPS /ACFs porous membrane for continuous highly effective oil-water separation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We proposed a feasible and straightforward approach for fabricating a superhydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene coated polyphenylene sulfide/aramid composite film (PTFE@PPS/ACFs porous membrane) for oil-water separation. This process involves utilizing a wet paper making process combined with a spray coating technique. The PPS/ACFs composite membrane displays a three-dimensional network structure by the application of wet papermaking approach. The uniformly spray coating of PTFE on its surface results in a superhydrophobic PTFE@PPS/ACFs porous membrane (PPAM). The membrane obtained through this method can effectively separate oil and water. It is remarkable in separating oil-water lotion stabilized by surfactant, achieving a separation efficiency of up to 99.9 % with a high flux of 8000 L/m<sup>2</sup>·h<sup>−1</sup>. Additionally, owing to the inherent thermal stability of the membrane, the PPAM is recyclable. In summary, the PTFE@PPS/ACFs porous membrane is a promising for separating various oil-water emulsions. Its outstanding performance, including high separation efficiency, flux, and recyclability, underscores its potential for practical applications for oil-water separation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142229782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Molding compounds based on aminophenoxyphthalonitrile/epoxy resin for high-temperature electronic packaging applications","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Developing the packaging materials with superior high-temperature stability to meet the requirement of high-power devices is crucial. Herein, we synthesized 4-(4-aminophenoxy)phthalonitrile (APN) and blended it with polyfunctional epoxy resin (EP) to obtain the APN/EP (APNE) binary blends. Further, we employed the APNE as resin matrix to prepare a new high-temperature stable molding compound, aminophenoxyphthalonitrile epoxy molding compound (AEMC), aiming for high-power device packaging. Firstly, the curing behavior, reaction mechanism, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of the APNE system were systematically studied. Although the crosslinking density of the cured APNE decreased with increasing the APN content, the introduction of APN made the cured resins have the stable and rigid structures of isoindoline, triazine, and phthalocyanine. Thus, the cured APNE had the initial thermal decomposition temperature above 370 °C, the glass transition temperature (<em>T</em><sub>g</sub>) up to 306 °C, and the char yield at 800 °C up to 61.1 %, showing an excellent thermal performance. In addition, the flexural strength, flexural modulus, and impact strength of the cured APNE also increased with increasing the APN content. Such good properties of the APNE resin matrix endowed the AEMC with an attractive performance. The AEMC exhibited a good compatibility in molding process with the current epoxy molding compound (EMC). The <em>T</em><sub>g</sub>, thermal-aging resistance, intrinsic flame retardancy, dielectric properties, and thermal conductivity of the cured AEMC were all superior to those of the cured EMC. Therefore, the AEMC shows a good application prospect in the field of high-temperature electronic packaging.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142158321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preparation and characterization of PFMP@GE microcapsules for enhancing the safety of UV-curable polymers","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fire hazards associated with UV-curable polymers have limited their broader application. This study aims to develop efficient and environmentally friendly safety strategies for UV-curable polymers. Microcapsules were synthesized via simple coacervation, using perfluoro(2-methyl-3-pentanone) (PFMP) as the core and gelatin (GE) as the wall material. PFMP@GE microcapsules were then incorporated into UV-curable resin prepolymer to produce a UV-curable resin board with active fire-extinguishing capabilities. The microcapsules' morphology, chemical composition, and thermal stability of the microcapsules were analyzed, along with the safety performance of the UV-curable resin board containing PFMP@GE microcapsules in confined spaces with sustained combustion. The morphology, chemical composition, and thermal stability results indicate that the microcapsules, synthesized under emulsification conditions (5 min of shearing at 8000 rpm and a 2.0 % <em>w</em>/<em>v</em> ratio of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) to core material), have a spherical core-shell structure. The wall material provides a cavity space that stably encapsulates the core material. Fire tests in confined spaces demonstrated that the heat-responsive PFMP@GE microcapsules in the UV-curable resin released PFMP under fire conditions, with changes in smoke gas concentrations and temperature further verifying that the flames were effectively extinguished. The core material's synergistic fire-extinguishing mechanism of the core material imparts active safety features to the UV-curable resin.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142244160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of leaf-adhesive polyurethane microcapsules loaded with prochloraz for enhanced fungicide efficiency","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Leaf-adhesive pesticide microcapsules represent a promising approach to improving pesticide efficacy while minimizing environmental pollution. In this study, we developed a leaf-adhesive polyurethane microcapsule loaded with prochloraz (Pro@CS-OP-10) using a reactive emulsifier (OP-10) via interfacial polymerization. Physicochemical analysis revealed microcapsules with smooth surfaces and uniform distribution, averaging 1.97 μm in size, with an encapsulation efficiency of 96.38 %. Comparative assessments demonstrated superior wetting and adhesion properties of Pro@CS-OP-10 on wheat leaves compared to other commercial formulations. Moreover, the polyurethane shell effectively enhanced the photostability of encapsulated prochloraz and hindered its rapid release. Fungal growth rate experiments indicated prolonged inhibitory effects of Pro@CS-OP-10 on <em>Fusarium graminearum</em>, with median inhibitory concentrations (EC<sub>50</sub>) on the second and eighth day being 0.018 mg/L and 0.045 mg/L. Therefore, the leaf-adhesive Pro@CS-OP-10 shows great potential as an environmentally friendly fungicidal formulation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142148392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"D113 resin in-situ loaded with Fe3+ to develop glyphosate adsorbent with the characteristics of salt-resistance and the remarkable saturated adsorption capacity","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There are inorganic salts in glyphosate production liquor and natural water bodies coexisting with glyphosate. It is imperative to develop a salt-tolerant adsorbent for glyphosate in water. Industrial D113 resin undergone two-step transformation to optimize the preparation of D113 in-situ loaded with Fe<sup>3+</sup> (D113-Fe<sup>3+</sup>) as salt-resistance glyphosate adsorbent. The loading amount of Fe<sup>3+</sup> on D113-Fe<sup>3+</sup> is 3.5 mmol/g. The adsorption mechanism revealed that Fe<sup>3+</sup> in D113-Fe<sup>3+</sup> formed Fe-O-P bond with the phosphonate group of glyphosate. At 293 K, the maximum complex ratio of the adsorbed glyphosate to Fe<sup>3+</sup> in D113-Fe<sup>3+</sup> was 2.4:1. At 293 K, the remarkable saturated glyphosate adsorption capacity of D113-Fe<sup>3+</sup> reached 1420.2 mg/g. In pK<sub>2</sub> state of glyphosate, D113-Fe<sup>3+</sup> featured its maximum adsorption capacity at the zero charge point 2.43 of D113-Fe<sup>3+</sup> and 293 K. In glyphosate solution coexisting 0–16 % NaCl, D113-Fe<sup>3+</sup> exhibited stable glyphosate adsorption capacity and salt-resistance compared with D201, D301 and 330 resin. The endothermic and spontaneous adsorption of glyphosate on D113-Fe<sup>3+</sup> can fit Freundlich model and pseudo-second-order model. 2 mol/L NH<sub>3</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O, 2 mol/L FeCl<sub>3</sub> and 2 mol/L H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> could all regenerate D113-Fe<sup>3+</sup>. The characteristics of salt-resistance and the remarkable saturated adsorption capacity made D113-Fe<sup>3+</sup> comparable to all reported glyphosate adsorbents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142099214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biodegradable active composite film based on pea protein isolate, sage seed gum, and cumin essential oil: Fabrication and characterization","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study perused the physicochemical, mechanical, thermal, barrier, and optical properties of pea protein isolate (PPI)-Sage seed gum (SG) (3:1, 1:1, and 1:3) composite films incorporated with cuminum essential oil (CEO, 0, 1, and 2 %). Results indicated that the thickness, contact angle (CA), yellowness index (<em>a*</em>), total color differences (<em>∆E</em>), and opacity (OP) significantly enhanced with increasing PPI portion and CEO concentration (<em>p</em> < 0.05), as well as heterogeneous and inconsistent structure were increased in film surface due to protein agglomeration and oil droplets. However, the moisture content (MC), water solubility (WS), and swelling ratio (SR) decreased. Results also indicated that the antioxidant property significantly increased (<em>P</em> < 0.05) following the increase in CEO concentration. The highest tensile strength (TS) and elastic modulus (EM) and the least elongation at break (EAB) in PPI 3-SG 1–0 % were estimated. The potential antimicrobial property of CEO containing film was confirmed, and the maximum inhibition zone for <em>E.coli, S.aureus, C.albicans</em>, and <em>A.niger</em> were measured in film containing 2 % CEO. The barrier properties of the film against water and oxygen (WVP, OXP) diminished with increases the SG ratios, due to the hydrophilic nature of SG. The FTIR analysis identified the functional groups in film components and the interaction between film components. The DSC thermogram indicated the thermal stability of films and the highest decomposition temperature in PPI 3-SG 1–2 % film. XRD revealed a semi-crystalline structure of biopolymer active films. With the increase of SG portion and CEO concentration, the crystallinity of the films was enhanced. Results also indicated that prepared films were more than 90 % biodegradable.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142088823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of low temperature cure hybrid benzoxazine-epoxy resins for thermally stable and moisture resistant applications","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>New type of diallyl bisphenol-A (ABA) based benzoxazines and benzoxazine resins tailored with epoxy groups for low-temperature curing, have been developed using various curatives for high performance applications<strong>.</strong> The molecular structure of the synthesized compounds was analyzed using HRMS, <sup>1</sup>H NMR, <sup>13</sup>C NMR and ATR-FTIR analytical techniques. The cure behavior (T<sub>p</sub>) of benzoxazine (Bz) and benz-epoxy (Bz-Ep) resin in the absence and presence of different nature of curatives were studied using DSC to evaluate their applicability for advanced composite applications. The values of T<sub>p</sub> obtained are 279 °C, 190 °C and 247 °C for ABA-a, ABA-dmapa and ABA-ipa respectively. The cure behavior has been further lowered by converting ally group present in the benzoxazine has been transformed into epoxy groups by appropriate mechanism. The curing (T<sub>p</sub>) temperature observed for hybrid ABA-a-Ep, ABA-dmapa-Ep and ABA-ipa-Ep benz-epoxy resins are 151 °C, 226 °C and 160 °C, 187 °C and 150 °C, 211 °C respectively. The T<sub>p</sub> of different benz-epoxy resin systems studied in the presence of catalysts were found to be in the range of 101-155 °C. With a T<sub>max</sub> of 484 °C and a char yield of 43 %, poly(ABA-a) exhibits impressive thermal stability when compared to other synthesized polybenzoxazines. Further, incorporating various curatives into the benz-epoxy matrix enhances its thermal stability and char yield compared to the neat matrices. Additionally, the developed samples exhibit excellent moisture resistant (0.75 %) and hydrophobic nature with the highest contact angle value of 152<sup>o</sup> for poly(ABA-a). The findings from various studies indicate that the hybrid benz-epoxy resins demonstrate characteristics such as low-temperature curability, thermal stability, hydrophobicity. These results render them appropriate for a diverse array of high-performance industrial and engineering uses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142088826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Role of the side chain configuration on the effective recovery of phenolic compounds using polymer inclusion membranes based on tertiary amine","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) exhibit great potential in the separation and recovery of valuable materials from wastewater and secondary resources. In this work, the effect of alkyl chain configuration of the functional carriers on the physicochemical properties and permeability of PIMs was investigated. Three tertiary amine isomers with different alkyl chain configurations were selected as carriers: trioctylamine, triisooctylamine, and tris(2-ethylhexyl)amine. Operating conditions like carrier contents, feed solution pH, phenol concentration, and stripping solution properties were also investigated. The results obtained in this study indicate that tertiary amines with less branched alkyl chains perform better phenol transport efficiency. Furthermore, the transport efficiency decreased rapidly with increasing steric hindrance of the carriers. Trioctylamine-based PIM displayed optimal extraction efficiency of 92.8 % and stripping efficiency of 90.8 % due to its lower steric hindrance, higher hydrophilicity, and larger crystallinity. Phenol extraction and stripping efficiencies remained above 85.7 % and 80.8 % after 8 cycles, demonstrating excellent stability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142148461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Alginate/methacrylic acid/calcium ion-based pH-sensitive drug delivery hydrogel for the treatment of ulcerative colitis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2024.106025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Oral colon-targeted drug formulations play a pivotal role in managing colon diseases, yet the effectiveness of most hydrophobic drug formulations in reaching the colon orally is hindered by challenges such as poor solubility, premature release in the stomach, and low bioavailability. In this study, we devised a pH-sensitive dual-network hydrogel utilizing sodium alginate and methacrylic acid for treating ulcerative colitis. The primary rigid network layer is activated thermally through free radicals, while the secondary flexible network layer is formed by the coordination of alginic acid and calcium ions. Sulfadiazine was loaded into the hydrogels using a solution displacement method. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the morphology, mechanical properties, and drug release mechanisms of the hydrogels. The hydrogel demonstrated outstanding pH-responsive swelling properties. In acidic environments, protonation of carboxyl groups led to hydrogel network contraction, while in weakly alkaline environments, deprotonation induced electrostatic repulsion, facilitating swelling and controlled drug release. The alteration of pH from 1.2 to 7.4 increased the drug release rate from 33 % to 92 %, aligning with the first-order kinetic release model. The drug-loaded gel exhibited a compressive stress of 0.13 MPa at 50 % strain, and its superior mechanical properties ensured stability before drug release. Moreover, the hydrogel displayed excellent biocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and thermal stability. In summary, these findings underscore the substantial potential of drug-loaded gels in advancing controlled drug delivery systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142088810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}