Radiation research最新文献

{"title":"Calculations of Mean Quality Factors and Their Implications for Organ-specific Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) in Analysis of Radiation-related Risk in the Atomic Bomb Survivors.","authors":"Shota Shimizu, Tatsuhiko Sato, Sachiyo Funamoto, Richard Sposto, Harry M Cullings, Akira Endo, Stephen D Egbert, Michiaki Kai","doi":"10.1667/RADE-24-00199.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1667/RADE-24-00199.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Past and current estimates of relative biological effectiveness (RBE) from the cohort analyses of atomic bomb survivors suggested not only that RBE may be much higher than those assessed by the United Nations Scientific Committee on Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) and International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), but also that RBE may differ by organ and organ depth. This is at least partly due to how the ratio of neutron to gamma-ray dose changes with organ depth because of the more rapid attenuation of neutrons in tissue. Additionally, the RBE estimates from Life Span Study (LSS) data depend on the total dose and the neutron/gamma ratio. To further examine this issue, we calculated the mean quality factor based on Linear Energy Transfer (LET) distributions for representative organs and exposure scenarios of A-bomb survivors using Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) simulation and the radiation quality factor [Q(L) relationship] defined by ICRP, as well as the Quality Factor (QF) function defined by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). This is done in the context of the adult male phantom of the J45 series, which was created to precisely reproduce the anatomy of the Japanese population in 1945. We also investigate the depth dependence of the mean quality factors in the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) sphere irradiated by mono-energetic neutrons. Both the results from the human phantom, and from the ICRU sphere phantom suggest that the mean quality factors are approximately 15 and independent of the organ type, body depth, city and ground range when the contributions from the secondary γ rays are excluded from the neutron doses. We also discuss reasons that RBE estimates from cohort analyses are generally much larger than those based on the mean quality factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":20903,"journal":{"name":"Radiation research","volume":"203 3","pages":"155-162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143573708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Partial-body Models of Radiation Exposure.","authors":"M Sproull, K Camphausen","doi":"10.1667/RADE-24-00189.1","DOIUrl":"10.1667/RADE-24-00189.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The events of 9/11 sparked a revitalization of civil defense in the U.S. for emergency planning and preparedness for future radiological or nuclear event scenarios and specifically for mass casualty medical management of radiation exposure and injury. Research in medical countermeasure development in the form of novel pharmaceuticals to treat radiation injury and new radiation biodosimetry diagnostics, primarily focused on development of research models of uniform total-body irradiation (TBI). With the success of those models, it was recognized that most radiation exposures in the field will involve non-uniform heterogeneous irradiations and many partial-body or organ-specific irradiation models have been utilized. This review examines partial-body models of irradiations developed in the last decade for heterogeneous radiation exposures and organ-specific radiation exposure patterns. These research models have been used to further our understanding of radiation injury, novel medical countermeasures and biodosimetry diagnostics in development for future radiological and nuclear event scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":20903,"journal":{"name":"Radiation research","volume":" ","pages":"129-141"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lifetime Risks for Lung Cancer due to Occupational Radon Exposure: A Systematic Analysis of Estimation Components.","authors":"M Sommer, F Heinzl, P Scholz-Kreisel, D Wollschläger, C Heumann, N Fenske","doi":"10.1667/RADE-24-00060.1","DOIUrl":"10.1667/RADE-24-00060.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lifetime risk estimates play a key role in many areas of radiation research. Here, the focus is on the lifetime excess absolute risk (LEAR) for dying from lung cancer due to occupational radon exposure based on uranium miners cohort studies. The major components in estimating LEAR were systematically varied to investigate the variability and uncertainties of results. Major components of the LEAR calculation are baseline mortality rates for lung cancer and all causes of death, risk model and exposure scenario. Sex-averaged mortality rates were chosen from a mixed Euro-American-Asian population, in addition to mortality rates to represent heavy and light smokers. Seven radon-related lung cancer risk models derived from different uranium miners cohorts were compared. As exposure scenarios, occupational exposure of two working level months (WLM) from age 18-64 years was considered, and three scenarios from the German uranium miners cohort. Further components were modified in sensitivity analyses. The LEAR was compared to other lifetime risk measures. With a range from less than 0.6 × 10-4 to over 8.0 × 10-4, LEAR per WLM estimates were influenced heavily by the choice of risk models. Notably, mortality rates, particularly lung cancer mortality rates, had a strong impact on LEAR per WLM across all models. The LEAR per WLM exhibited only low variation to changes in exposure scenarios for all risk models, except for the BEIR VI model fitted on the pooled 11 miners study. All assessed lifetime risk measures displayed a monotonically increasing relationship between exposure and lifetime risk at low to moderate exposures, with minor differences between ELR, REID, and LEAR (all per WLM). RADS yields the largest lifetime risk estimates in most situations. There is substantial variation in LEAR per WLM estimates depending on the choice of underlying calculation components. Reference populations and mortality rates should be selected with care depending on the application of lifetime risk calculations. The explicit choice of the lifetime risk measure was found to be negligible. These findings should be taken into consideration when using lifetime risk measures for radiation protection policy purposes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20903,"journal":{"name":"Radiation research","volume":" ","pages":"175-187"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143067489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose Build-up of High-energy 1H and 4He Ions in Standard, Innovative and In Situ Shielding Materials for Space Radiation: Measurements and Simulations.","authors":"Francesca Luoni, Uli Weber, Alica Karin Lang, Moritz Westermayer, Felix Horst, Marcello Baricco, Luca Bocchini, Martina Giraudo, Giovanni Santin, Christoph Schuy, Marco Durante, Daria Boscolo","doi":"10.1667/RADE-24-00244.1","DOIUrl":"10.1667/RADE-24-00244.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Galactic cosmic rays (GCR) are among the biggest hindrances to crewed space exploration. The ions contributing the most to fluence and absorbed dose in free space are 1H and 4He. In addition, their contribution to dose equivalent increases behind thick shields. In this work, the results of depth-dose measurements performed with high-energy 1H and 4He ions (2 GeV and 480 MeV 1H, and 430 MeV/u 4He) in structural (aluminum alloy), standard (PMMA and high-density polyethylene), innovative (lithium hydride) and in situ (Moon regolith simulant) shielding materials are presented. A strong dose build-up effect, due to target fragments and secondary protons, is observed in the first part of the Bragg curve for all the tested ion beams. The experimental results are compared to the Monte Carlo simulation tools most used for radiation protection in space, i.e., different physics lists of Geant4, PHITS, and FLUKA.</p>","PeriodicalId":20903,"journal":{"name":"Radiation research","volume":" ","pages":"163-174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PRMT7 Inhibitor SGC3027 Enhances Radiotherapy Efficacy via Activating ATM Kinase in Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma.","authors":"Ya Heng, Feifei Wang, Zhonghui Zhang, Zebang Lin, Dahai Zhao, Qiuling Li","doi":"10.1667/RADE-24-00242.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1667/RADE-24-00242.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of tumor-related death in humans. Radiotherapy is a crucial strategy for NSCLC treatment, although its effectiveness is limited by the radio-resistance of tumor cells. Our current research finds that the protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7) is upregulated in NSCLC and correlates with poor prognosis. Pharmacological inhibition of PRMT7 by SGC3027, a specific small-molecule PRMT7 inhibitor, suppresses the proliferation, migration and invasion of NSCLC. Combining irradiation with SGC3027 strengthens the impact of irradiation on the biological behaviors of NSCLC cells. We also find that SGC3027 specifically activates ATM kinase and its downstream cell cycle checkpoint kinases to enhance radiobiological response in NSCLC. These findings underscore the promising therapeutic potential of PRMT7 inhibitors as well as combining PRMT7 inhibition with irradiation exposure for effective NSCLC therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20903,"journal":{"name":"Radiation research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143524037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasmid DNA Strand Breaks Are Dose Rate Independent at Clinically Relevant Proton Doses and Under Biological Conditions.","authors":"Louis V Kunz, Robert Schaefer, Houda Kacem, Jonathan Ollivier, Michele Togno, Flore Chappuis, Damien Weber, Anthony Lomax, Charles L Limoli, Serena Psoroulas, Marie-Catherine Vozenin","doi":"10.1667/RADE-24-00118.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1667/RADE-24-00118.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated the effect of proton FLASH radiation on plasmid DNA. Purified supercoiled pBR322 plasmids were irradiated with clinical doses (≤10 Gy) of protons at ultra-high and conventional dose rates using the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) isochronous cyclotron. The proton beam in this clinical facility has been validated to produce the FLASH effect in preclinical models. Plasmid samples were irradiated under various oxygen tensions, scavenger levels, pH conditions and Fe (II) concentrations as these biochemical parameters vary across tissues and tumors. Over the range of doses used, plasmid DNA strand breaks were found to be dose rate independent at all conditions investigated. Irradiation within the Bragg peak and spread-out Bragg peak increased clustered strand breaks, except in the presence of scavengers. With this model system, we demonstrate conclusively that plasmid DNA strand breakage is dose rate independent at doses below 10 Gy and does not constitute a high throughput assay endpoint predictive of the biological effect of FLASH.</p>","PeriodicalId":20903,"journal":{"name":"Radiation research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143516355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic Study of Silicon Carbide Detectors and Beam Current Transformer Signals for UHDR Single Electron Pulse Monitoring.","authors":"C Okpuwe, G Milluzzo, D Coves, T Delaviere, D Del Sarto, M De Napoli, F Di Martino, G Felici, L Lanzanò, L Masturzo, J Pensavalle, E Touzain, M Camarda, F Romano","doi":"10.1667/RADE-24-00139.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1667/RADE-24-00139.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of ultra-high dose rate beams (UHDR) (> 40 Gy/s) for radiotherapy, despite its advantage of exhibiting the FLASH effect that improves the sparing of healthy tissues, faces challenges in dosimetry and beam monitoring since standard dosimeters like the ionization chamber experience saturation effects at such high dose rates. Silicon carbide (SiC) detectors have recently been demonstrated to be dose-rate independent with low-energy pulsed electron beams up to an instantaneous dose rate of 5.5 MGy/s, and has emerged as a reliable alternative technology for dosimetry in FLASH-RT. This study explored the suitability of using the SiC detector for measuring intra-pulse instantaneous dose rates, which are necessary for monitoring fluctuations within the pulse of UHDR pulsed electron beams. The experiments reported were conducted using UHDR electron beams accelerated at 9 MeV by an ElectronFlash linac and using varying different beam parameters, such as the beam current (i.e., different dose per pulse) and pulse width settings. The temporal single pulse shape signals were measured with a 10 µm thick, 4.5 mm2 area SiC detector for different configurations and compared with a well-characterized AC current transformer (ACCT) (which served as the standard monitoring system of the accelerator), and with a second ACCT placed at the same location as the SiC detector (i.e., after the applicator at the irradiation point). The results show a high level of agreement between the signals of the SiC detector and ACCT placed after the applicator at around the irradiation point. This underscores the potential of the SiC detector and the ACCT to be used for monitoring instantaneous dose rates within a pulse. Furthermore, since use of the SiC detector and ACCT are based on different physical principles, they can provide complementary beam information. A combination of the two has the potential to provide insight about a variety of variables of interest for UHDR beams. However, some discrepancies were observed when comparing the SiC signals with the ACCT installed in the LINAC, which increased linearly with decreasing dose per pulse. Further studies are required to better understand these observations.</p>","PeriodicalId":20903,"journal":{"name":"Radiation research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational Exposure to Low Dose Ionizing Radiation and the Incidence of Surgically Removed Cataracts and Glaucoma in a Cohort of Ontario Nuclear Power Plant Workers.","authors":"Paul J Villeneuve, Brianna Frangione, Robert Talarico, Tim Prendergast, Chenchung Yu, Gagan Gill, Lydia Zablotska","doi":"10.1667/RADE-24-00050.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1667/RADE-24-00050.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ionizing radiation is a human carcinogen and has been shown to increase the risk of non-cancerous ocular disorders. Specifically, findings from epidemiological studies suggest that ionizing radiation leads to the development of cataracts and to a lesser extent glaucoma, however, there are uncertainties of these risks at lower exposures. We analyzed data from a cohort of 60,874 Ontario Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) workers within the Canadian National Dose Registry (NDR). These workers were monitored for whole-body exposure to ionizing radiation using dosimeters, with exposure estimates derived for each year of employment. Incident cases of surgically removed cataracts and glaucoma were identified through the record linkage of occupational histories to administrative health data for Ontario between 1991 and 2022. We compared the incidence of surgically removed cataracts and glaucoma in the cohort to Ontario's general population using indirect age- and sex-standardization with matching by place of residence. We evaluated exposure-response relationships with internal cohort comparisons using age-, sex-, and calendar-period-adjusted Poisson regression. The relative risks of cataract and glaucoma were estimated across categorical measures of whole-body dose [Hp(10)] from exposure to radiation (lagged 5 years). In total, 32,855 of the 60,874 workers (58%) had a positive cumulative dose exceeding the minimum reportable threshold. Among these workers, the mean cumulative whole-body lifetime dose at end of follow-up was 23.7 mSv (interquartile range: 1.1-26.4 mSv, maximum = 959.3 mSv). Overall, 4,401 (7.2%) of workers developed glaucoma, while 2,939 (4.8%) underwent cataract-removal surgery. There was no evidence of a dose-response relationship between cumulative whole-body dose ionizing radiation (lagged 5 years) and glaucoma, but some for surgically removed cataract. Specifically, among workers with a cumulative exposure of greater than 50 mSv relative to those with an exposure of less than 0.25 mSv, the relative risks of incident glaucoma and cataract removal surgery were 0.91 (95% CI: 0.81-1.05) and 1.13 (95% CI: 0.97-1.33), respectively. The linear excess risks per 100 mSv (lagged 5 years) for cataract removal surgery was 0.055 (95% CI: -0.042 to 0.163). Our findings provide some evidence that ionizing radiation increases the risk of cataracts but not glaucoma in an occupational cohort whose lifetime cumulative dose rarely exceeded 30 mSv.</p>","PeriodicalId":20903,"journal":{"name":"Radiation research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143449665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Whole-Body Carbon-Ion Beam Irradiation on Bone Marrow Death in Mice and an Examination of Candidates for Protectors or Mitigators against Carbon-Ion-Beam-Induced Bone Marrow Death.","authors":"Megumi Ueno, Shuichi Setoguchi, Kazuhisa Matsunaga, Ken-Ichiro Matsumoto, Jiro Takata, Kazunori Anzai","doi":"10.1667/RADE-23-00253.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1667/RADE-23-00253.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study examined the effects of whole-body carbon-ion-beam irradiation on bone marrow death in mice and investigated whether compounds/materials, which were identified as efficient radio-protectors or mitigators against X-ray-radiation-induced bone marrow death, were also effective against the carbon-ion-beam-induced death of mice. Amifostine and cysteamine were used as radio-protectors and zinc-containing heat-killed yeast (Zn-yeast) and γ-tocopherol-N,N-dimethylglycine ester (γTDMG) as radio-mitigators. Amifostine or cysteamine was intraperitoneally administered in a single injection of 1.95 mmol/kg body weight 30 min before whole-body carbon-ion-beam irradiation. Zn-yeast or γTDMG was administered in a single intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg body weight immediately after whole-body carbon-ion-beam irradiation. The absorbed dose dependence of the 30-day survival rate after carbon-ion-beam irradiation was analyzed. The biological effectiveness of carbon-ion-beam irradiation (LD50/30 = 5.54 Gy) was estimated as 1.2 relative to X-ray irradiation (LD50/30 = 6.62 Gy). The dose reduction factors (DRF) of amifostine, cysteamine, Zn-yeast, and γTDMG estimated for carbon-ion-beam irradiation were 1.75, 1.53, 1.16, and 1.15, respectively. Radio-protectors and -mitigators that were effective against photon irradiation also exhibited efficacy against carbon-ion-beam irradiation; however, the DRF for carbon-ion-beam irradiation was slightly smaller than that for photon irradiation. Based on the radio-protective effects of amifostine and cysteamine, the contribution of ROS/free radicals to carbon-ion-beam-induced bone marrow death was 70-90% to that of photon irradiation. Since the suppression of tumor growth by carbon-ion-beam irradiation was not inhibited by the treatment with γTDMG or Zn-yeast, both mitigators have potential as normal tissue-selective protectors in carbon-ion irradiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20903,"journal":{"name":"Radiation research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timosaponin AIII Enhances Radiosensitivity in Breast Cancer through Induction of ROS-Mediated DNA Damage and Apoptosis.","authors":"Huiting Peng, Bingqing Cui, Jianming Wei, Min Yuan, Wenjuan Liu, Jing Shi, Yuguo Liu","doi":"10.1667/RADE-24-00087.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1667/RADE-24-00087.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer is a commonly diagnosed cancer, while resistance to radiation therapy remains an important factor hindering the treatment of patients. Timosaponin AIII (Tim AIII) is a steroidal saponin from the Anemarrhena asphodeloides. Its pharmacologic effects and mechanisms for enhancing radiotherapy remain largely unknown. This study investigates Tim AIII ç and aims to unravel the underlying mechanisms. Experiments, including cell cloning, scratch assays, cell cycle, apoptosis assays, immunofluorescence staining, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assessments, were conducted on breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and JIMT-1 to investigate the impact of Tim AIII combined with radiation. Western blot analyses were used to detect γ-H2AX expression, ROS-related pathways, ATM-CHK2, and AKT-MTOR pathways. Subcutaneous tumor experiments in nude mice confirmed in vivo radiation sensitization. When combined with radiation, Tim AIII significantly inhibited cell clone formation, impeded cancer cell migration, increased G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis. Immunofluorescence showed prolonged γ-H2AX signals. Molecular investigations indicated Tim AIII amplified radiation-induced ROS production, inducing ROS-mediated DNA damage and apoptosis. It activated ATM-CHK2 while inhibiting the AKT-MTOR pathway. Tim AIII enhances radiation sensitivity in breast cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Through ROS-mediated DNA damage and apoptosis, activation of ATM/Chk2 and inhibition of the AKT-MTOR pathway induce G2/M phase arrest, ultimately boosting radiation sensitivity via the mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":20903,"journal":{"name":"Radiation research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}