Quintessence international最新文献

{"title":"Measurement of mandibular anatomy associated with inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia using 3D mandible models reconstructed by CBCT.","authors":"Zhixuan Chen, Xinghan Li","doi":"10.3290/j.qi.b5788802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.qi.b5788802","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20831,"journal":{"name":"Quintessence international","volume":"0 0","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immediate implant placement in damaged extraction sockets: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Marco Campi, Bruno Leitão-Almeida, Miguel Pereira, Jamil Awad Shibli, Liran Levin, Juliana Campos Hasse Fernandes, Gustavo Vicentis Oliveira Fernandes, Tiago Borges","doi":"10.3290/j.qi.b5768294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.qi.b5768294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to observe whether immediate implant placement (IIP) into damaged extraction sockets is a successful modality for treating hopeless teeth that require extraction.</p><p><strong>Data source: </strong>An electronic search was carried out through four databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect) to identify randomized controlled trials (2013-2023) to understand whether IIP in damaged sockets is a successful treatment. The focus question was, 'In a patient with a hopeless tooth that needs extraction with the indication for dental implant treatment, is IIP in damaged extraction sockets, compared to undamaged sockets or healed sites, an effective method for the replacement of hopeless teeth and achieving a favorable clinical result?' The risk of bias was appraised and a meta-analysis using random effect was applied. Five studies with 135 patients and 138 implants were included. The implant survival rate was 100% for all studies and period evaluated; the pink esthetic score (PES) scores had no statistically significant result for all articles that evaluated this parameter; the soft tissue changes was reported by two studies: one found no significant differences and the other showed that the test group experienced reduced soft tissue loss at the 1-year evaluation (measured with digital intraoral scanners); other two studies assessed the marginal bone loss, presenting no differences between groups. The meta-analysis showed homogeneity between the studies. There was an equilibrium among the groups in the various studies included, and age tended to be lower in the test group. The buccal bone tissue and pink esthetic score showed favoritism for the test group but without statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggests that IIP in the presence of buccal bone defects can achieve comparable clinical and radiological outcomes to traditional methods in the short term of the limited studies available. The buccal aspect is not possible to be evaluated through radiographs. Bone regeneration was essential to reach optimal results. It is important to emphasize that IIP requires adherence to rigorous criteria to ensure functionally acceptable results.</p>","PeriodicalId":20831,"journal":{"name":"Quintessence international","volume":"0 0","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142352706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between periodontal disease severity and selected cardiometabolic risk factors.","authors":"Steven Toth, Steven R Singer, Shuying Sue Jiang, Rena Zelig, Peter Duda, Nicholas DePinto, Cecile Feldman, Riva Touger-Decker","doi":"10.3290/j.qi.b5768586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.qi.b5768586","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To explore associations between periodontal disease (PD) severity and cardiometabolic risk factors, including body mass index (BMI), age, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) risk, sex, and hypertension (HTN) in patients at an urban dental school clinic.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>A cross-sectional study design was used to analyze electronic health record data, including periodontal status, demographic characteristics, cardiometabolic risk factors and the American Diabetes Association Diabetes Risk Test (DRT) Score. Chi-square tests and ordinal logistic regression were conducted using SAS 9.4.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of those with available data (n&#61;6,778), 44% were male, 70.2% were overweight/obese, and the mean age was 50.9 (SD&#61;16.6) years. Associations between PD severity and BMI, sex, age, DRT score, and HTN were statistically significant (all p<0.0001) in bivariate analyses. Using logistic regression, HTN (p&#61;0.0006), sex (p<0.0001), and age (p<0.0001) were significant predictors of severe PD which was most common in those with HTN (35.9%), males (31.7%), those >60 years (36.6%). The odds of having severe PD for those with HTN were 1.2 times that of those without HTN. Males were 1.7 times more likely to have severe PD than females. Those aged 40-49 years, 50-59 years, and >60 years were 2.9, 4.2, and 4.3 times more likely to have severe PD than those who were 18-39 years, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>All cardiometabolic risk factors were associated with PD severity in bivariate analyses. In the logistic regression model, being older, male, and having HTN were significant predictors of PD severity. Future research is needed with a more diverse sample.</p>","PeriodicalId":20831,"journal":{"name":"Quintessence international","volume":"0 0","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142352705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A randomized clinical trial comparing the effects of music and informative videos on patient anxiety during root canal treatment and retreatment.","authors":"Sarah Ali Abdulhameed, Venkateshbabu Nagendrababu, Mehmet Omer Gorduysus, Paul M H Dummer, Vellore Kannan Gopinath","doi":"10.3290/j.qi.b5640066","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.qi.b5640066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This randomized clinical trial compared the effectiveness of music and informative videos as distraction tools to reduce the anxiety of patients during root canal treatment and retreatment.</p><p><strong>Method and materials: </strong>A total of 90 patients were enrolled in the study. The patients were randomly allocated to three groups: Group 1 listened to music during the treatment (n &#61; 30), Group 2 watched an informative preoperative video (n &#61; 30), and a control group underwent treatment without a distraction method (n &#61; 30). Prior to treatment, the Corah Dental Anxiety Scale (CDAS) and a visual analog scale for pain were used to assess anxiety and preoperative pain. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation were recorded before the intervention (T1), after the local anesthetic (T2), following pulp extirpation or removal of root fillings (T3), and immediately following rubber dam removal (T4). One-way ANOVA, followed by post-hoc Bonferroni tests for multiple comparisons, were used to compare mean values of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation among the groups. A P value of 5% was considered as significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Listening to music reduced systolic blood pressure, heart rate (P .001), and diastolic blood pressure (P &#61; .003) in patients undergoing root canal treatment and retreatment at T4 compared to the baseline (T1). Music (P .001) and informative video (P &#61; .003) groups had significantly lower postoperative visual analog scale pain scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Listening to music during root canal treatment and retreatment reduced anxiety levels in patients compared to informative preoperative videos and no distraction technique.</p>","PeriodicalId":20831,"journal":{"name":"Quintessence international","volume":"0 0","pages":"670-680"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141793218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association of systemic condition and medications on alveolar bone loss and tooth attrition.","authors":"Nirit Tagger-Green, Asaf Refael, Serge Szmukler-Moncler, Carlos Nemcovsky, Liat Chaushu, Roni Kolerman","doi":"10.3290/j.qi.b5640181","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.qi.b5640181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Periodontal disease is caused by subgingival bacteria that adversely affect the host immune system and create and maintain unmitigated inflammation in gingival and periodontal tissues. The condition is also linked to systemic conditions including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and arthritis. Periodontitis elevates the bacterial load and spreads systemic inflammation through infection and inflammation. The main radiographic sign of periodontitis is marginal bone loss. Risk factors, including medications, smoking, age, and sex, are known to influence periodontal health. However, there is little information about the impact of systemic conditions and medications on tooth wear. The aim of the present study was to assess the association between systemic conditions and medications and radiographic signs of tooth wear and marginal bone loss.</p><p><strong>Method and materials: </strong>This retrospective analysis was conducted on a group of 2,223 consecutive patients who came for dental treatment in the clinics of a large Health Maintenance Organization in Israel. Data available for the study included details of concomitant systemic diseases and medication and full-mouth radiographic surveys. Odds ratio and logistic regression analysis were used to detect associations between systemic conditions and medication, and marginal bone loss and tooth wear.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicated an elevated odds ratio for tooth wear associated with age, sex, and smoking across all age groups. Among young patients, those using proton pump inhibitors and psychiatric medications had an elevated risk of tooth wear. Age, smoking, and diabetes conditions were associated with an increased odds ratio for marginal bone loss in all age groups. Psychiatric medications and sex elevated the odds ratio for marginal bone loss only among older patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results highlight the significant impact of age, sex, and smoking on tooth wear, and extend these risks to alveolar bone loss when combined with diabetes and psychiatric conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20831,"journal":{"name":"Quintessence international","volume":"0 0","pages":"616-628"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141793220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative approach for supernumerary teeth: a single-center retrospective analysis.","authors":"Yifat Manor, Hanan Safadi, Nir Shpack, Sigalit Blumer, Gabriel Gal","doi":"10.3290/j.qi.b5503749","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.qi.b5503749","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aimed to provide a comprehensive case analysis from a single center, with the objective of clarifying the optimal timing and recommendations for a preferred treatment strategy customized to the specific presentation of each type of supernumerary tooth identified in the research.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Method and materials: &lt;/strong&gt;A retrospective study was conducted on patients who presented with a supernumerary tooth and were treated interdisciplinarily at the clinic.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;In total, 55 patients with 81 supernumerary teeth of the permanent dentition were analyzed, 30 males and 25 females. The dentition status of the patients was as follows: 31 patients with mixed dentition, no patients with primary dentition, and 24 patients with permanent dentition. The diagnosis of supernumerary tooth was primarily made by general or pediatric dental practitioners and/or orthodontists. Patients were then referred to maxillofacial surgeons for treatment decision. The timing of treatment was mainly determined by the oral surgeon, based on the recommendations of the other specialists involved. Cases involving maleruption or malalignment of permanent teeth required both surgical and orthodontic treatment. Patients over 9 years old were treated either under local anesthesia or sedation, whereas those under 9 years old were treated under deep sedation or general anesthesia. A comprehensive investigation of cases involved the utilization of CBCT at the supernumerary tooth site to facilitate treatment planning. There was a significant correlation between younger age and the preference for treatment under sedation or general anesthesia (P &#61; .01, t test). Similarly, a strong association was found between younger age and the need for additional orthodontic treatment (P &#61; .016, t test). Cases of surgical removal of a supernumerary tooth at a young age typically did not require orthodontic traction of the permanent tooth, in contrast to cases of late surgical intervention (patients over 11 years old), which often did necessitate such traction. There was a strong tendency for treating supernumerary teeth in the maxilla. The proximity of supernumerary teeth to vital anatomical landmarks significantly influenced treatment decisions. Patients with supernumerary teeth near the mental foramen or the inferior dental canal in the premolar area were exclusively placed under follow-up care (P &#61; .002, Pearson chi-square test). However, in the maxilla, the proximity of supernumerary teeth to vital structures such as the floor of the nose and the incisive nerve did not affect the treatment approach, and those supernumerary teeth were mostly removed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;A team approach for managing supernumerary teeth is recommended. The timing of treatment should carefully consider the advantages and disadvantages of early versus late intervention. Early surgical treatment in cases where eruption is","PeriodicalId":20831,"journal":{"name":"Quintessence international","volume":"0 0","pages":"640-650"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141443202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of whitening dentifrices on dental enamel: an analysis of color, microhardness, and surface roughness in vitro.","authors":"Sabrina Barth de Andrade Luz, Rayrane Iris Melo da Cunha Oliveira, Letícia Alvares Leite Guanabara, Beatriz Barros Viana, Rebeca Tibau Aguiar Dias, André Ulisses Dantas Batista, Marília Regalado Galvão Rabelo Caldas, Diana Ferreira Gadelha de Araújo","doi":"10.3290/j.qi.b5517931","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.qi.b5517931","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different whitening toothpastes on color change and alteration in enamel surface roughness and microhardness compared to a conventional toothpaste.</p><p><strong>Method and materials: </strong>Fifty bovine incisors were selected, cleaned, and stored before being divided into five groups: a conventional toothpaste group and three whitening toothpaste groups containing different abrasive agents: silica, hydrogen peroxide, and activated charcoal. Specimens underwent simulated brushing, staining with black tea solution, and subsequent analyses of color, surface roughness, and microhardness. Statistical analysis was performed using three-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests (P .05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the color analysis revealed similar whitening potential among all toothpastes. They showed significant differences in surface roughness (P .001) and microhardness (P .001) after simulated brushing. While all toothpastes caused a decrease in microhardness, the charcoal-based toothpaste showed a significant increase in surface roughness compared to the initial condition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>All toothpastes demonstrated whitening capability. Surface roughness changed after brushing with activated charcoal-based whitening toothpaste, but final roughness was similar across all groups. Whitening toothpastes led to a decrease in enamel microhardness, with similar final performance across all toothpastes analyzed.</p>","PeriodicalId":20831,"journal":{"name":"Quintessence international","volume":"0 0","pages":"630-638"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141458985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The era of big data, mobile health, and artificial intelligence in dentistry and craniofacial research.","authors":"Galit Almoznino, Yuval Shahar, Dorota T Kopycka-Kedzierawski","doi":"10.3290/j.qi.b5763083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.qi.b5763083","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20831,"journal":{"name":"Quintessence international","volume":"55 8","pages":"604-606"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142352707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered sensation following extrusion of an endodontic file treated by intentional replantation: case report and treatment recommendations.","authors":"Fares Kablan, Abdallah Fahoum, Daniel Moreinos, Samer Srouji, Iris Slutzky-Goldberg","doi":"10.3290/j.qi.b5316977","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.qi.b5316977","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>An altered sensation during endodontic treatment can occur due to the extrusion of endodontic materials. This study aims to discuss intentional replantation to address paresthesia resulting from an endodontic file penetrating the inferior alveolar nerve canal and provide a protocol for managing nerve injuries in such incidents.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 12-year-old girl developed paresthesia when an endodontic file separated and was inadvertently pushed through the apical foramen into the inferior alveolar nerve canal during root canal treatment of the mandibular left first molar. A CBCT scan revealed the file penetrating the canal towards the inferior border of the mandible. After considering the treatment options, intentional replantation was deemed suitable. The tooth was atraumatically extracted and preserved in sterile saline. The surgeon then carefully cleaned and irrigated the socket. The radiographic assessment confirmed successful file removal from the socket. The root ends were resected, and retrograde preparation and obturation were conducted using ultrasonic tips and mineral trioxide aggregate. The tooth was then replanted into the socket. Successful replantation was confirmed by tooth stability and an audible click. The patient was prescribed antibiotics and steroids. After completion of the endodontic treatment, a stainless steel crown was cemented. The successful intentional replantation procedure resulted in rapid improvement in the patient's condition. The normal sensation had been restored, indicating nerve recovery. At the 15-month follow-up, periapical bone healing and the eruption of the adjacent second molar were observed, affirming the treatment protocol's overall success.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Prompt intervention and immediate intentional replantation facilitated direct inspection of the separated file within the socket. Collaboration between an oral maxillofacial surgeon and an endodontist ensures expedited and targeted treatment, leading to favorable outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20831,"journal":{"name":"Quintessence international","volume":"0 0","pages":"608-614"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140899387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of outcomes with intra-articular hyaluronic acid vs corticosteroids after TMJ arthrocentesis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Tianfu Mao, Weilin Wang","doi":"10.3290/j.qi.b5586037","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.qi.b5586037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review aimed to examine differences in outcomes with the use of intra-articular hyaluronic acid vs corticosteroids after temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis.</p><p><strong>Method and materials: </strong>Studies were searched on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar up to 15th January 2024. Randomized controlled trials comparing hyaluronic acid with corticosteroids after TMJ arthrocentesis were included. The outcomes were pain and maximal mouth opening.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten articles corresponding to nine randomized clinical trials were included. There was no statistically significant difference in pain scores at 1 week (mean difference [MD] -0.30, 95% CI -1.25 to 0.65, I2 &#61; 0%), 1 month (MD -0.55, 95% CI -1.23 to 0.13, I2 &#61; 0%), and 6 months (MD -0.57, 95% CI -2.10 to 0.96, I2 &#61; 58%) between the two groups. However, pain scores were found to be significantly lower in the hyaluronic acid group at 3 months (MD -1.07, 95% CI -1.84 to -0.31, I2 &#61; 0%). No statistically significant difference was noted in maximal mouth opening at 1 week (MD 0.78, 95% CI -1.79 to 3.35, I2 &#61; 0%), 1 month (MD 0.32, 95% CI -1.83 to 2.46, I2 &#61; 0%), and 3 months (MD -0.41, 95% CI -3.90 to 3.07, I2 &#61; 0%) between the two groups. Descriptive analysis for studies not included in the meta-analysis also presented similar results.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Low-quality evidence suggests that both intra-articular hyaluronic acid and corticosteroids have similar efficacy in improving pain scores and maximal mouth opening after temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":20831,"journal":{"name":"Quintessence international","volume":"0 0","pages":"660-668"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141627512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}