PsyCh journal最新文献

{"title":"Psychological capacity profiles of different age groups and gender in a national representative sample.","authors":"Beate Muschalla","doi":"10.1002/pchj.795","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pchj.795","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Beyond the specific cognitive capacities like numerical or verbal intelligence and cognitive speed, the so-called soft skills, namely, psychological capacities, have become highly important in modern life. This is the first representative study on the distribution of work-relevant psychological capacities in the general population. We investigate capacities in different age groups, gender, and their relation with basic sociodemographics. A representative sample of 2531 people aged 14-95 years was investigated concerning work-relevant psychological capacities with the mini self-rating for psychological activities and participation (Mini-ICF-APP-S). The strongest capacities in young people were mobility, flexibility, proactivity, contact to thirds, and group interaction. Other capacities were stronger in midlife (30-59 years), such as adjustment to rules and routines, planning and structuring, decision making and judgement, application of competence and knowledge, assertiveness, dyadic relationships, endurance, and self-care. Women reported better dyadic relationship capacities, and men felt more assertive. The study provides, for the first time, representative data on a broad range of psychological capacities according to an internationally validated capacity concept. Good psychological capacities occur not primarily in youth, but especially in midlife and older age. Regarding demographic change, this implies older people are highly competent in the working world.</p>","PeriodicalId":20804,"journal":{"name":"PsyCh journal","volume":" ","pages":"142-152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11787875/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142073664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distributive fairness during the transition to adolescence: The role of peer comparison and social value orientation.","authors":"Siqi Liu, Xinmu Hu, Weijun Ge, Xiaoqin Mai","doi":"10.1002/pchj.800","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pchj.800","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Combining the dictator game (DG) and the ultimatum game (UG), this study recruited 546 Chinese children (321 boys, aged 9-12 years) as distributors, and found that both peer comparison and social value orientation (SVO) significantly influenced children's distributive fairness from late childhood to early adolescence. Results showed that as the unfairness of peer proposals increased, participants decreased the amount of gold coins distributed to the receiver in both tasks, revealing a peer comparison effect. This effect was more pronounced for adolescents than for children in both tasks. In addition, participants' fair distribution behaviors in the DG showed a three-way interaction effect of SVO, grade, and peer comparison. Specifically, for proselfs, children were not influenced by peers and consistently proposed self-interested distributions, whereas adolescents exhibited a peer comparison effect; for prosocials, both children and adolescents were influenced by peers, but children decreased the amount of their distributions only when they saw peers make extremely unfair distributions, whereas adolescents decreased the amount of their distributions when they saw peers make both mildly and extremely unfair distributions. This study highlights the importance of social environment and personal trait in shaping children's fair distribution behavior during the transition from late childhood to early adolescence.</p>","PeriodicalId":20804,"journal":{"name":"PsyCh journal","volume":" ","pages":"118-130"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11787880/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142294003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mothers' and Fathers' Experiences of Family Relations and Parenting During the First Year of Parenthood.","authors":"Tatiana G Bokhan, Svetlana B Leshchinskaia, Olga V Terekhina, Marina V Shabalovskaya, Anna V Silaeva, Sergey B Malykh, Yulia Kovas","doi":"10.1002/pchj.823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pchj.823","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The first year of parenthood is considered to be a challenging period, associated with the transformation of family relations. The links between family relations and parenting are widely studied. However, in most research only a limited number of indicators is investigated, and there is a lack of data on the agreement between mothers' and fathers' evaluations of family relations. The aims of the present study were to explore (1) the structure and measurement invariance of marital relations and parenting constructs for mothers and fathers; (2) the associations among the measures of marital relations and parenting in mothers and fathers; (3) the agreement between mothers and fathers in their perception of marital relations, as well as cross-parent cross-measure associations of marital relations and self-rated parenting; (4) average differences between the parents in their perception of marital relations and parenting. The data from 352 Russian-speaking married couples participating in the Wave 3 of the Prospective Longitudinal Interdisciplinary Study (PLIS) were collected when the children were 9 months old. Seven measures of family relations (marital relations, grandparents' support) and nine measures of parenting were obtained. The statistical analyses included the exploratory factor analysis, assessment of measurement invariance, comparative and correlational analysis. The result showed that measures were organised into coherent factor-based groupings: (1) marital relations, (2) support from grandparents, (3) childcare and affection, and (4) harsh parental discipline. Six of 12 measures showed partial scalar invariance between mothers and fathers. Moderate within-measure correlations were observed between mothers' and fathers' assessments of family relations; and weak correlations-for parenting. Mother-father cross-measure correlations were moderate for family relations, but negligible for parenting. Small to moderate average differences between mothers and fathers were found for all measures. The results highlight the need to consider similarities and differences between mothers' and fathers' experiences in future research and practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":20804,"journal":{"name":"PsyCh journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing the Profile of Anhedonia in Individuals With Schizotypal Traits, Subthreshold Depression and Autistic Traits.","authors":"Ling-Ling Wang, Yan Gao, Chao Yan, Hui-Xin Hu, Simon S Y Lui, Yi Wang, Raymond C K Chan","doi":"10.1002/pchj.827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pchj.827","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anhedonia is believed to be transdiagnostic symptom exist in various disorders including schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. However, very few studies attempted to profile subclinical samples with schizophrenia, depressive, and autistic symptoms using measures of anhedonia scales. This study adopted a cluster analytical approach to examine the anhedonia profile in 46 individuals with schizotypal trait (ST), 43 subthreshold depression (SD), 27 autistic trait (AT), and 41 healthy controls. They completed a set of checklists capturing different dimensions of anhedonia including the anticipatory and consummatory interpersonal pleasure scale, the temporal experience of pleasure scale, the motivation and pleasure scale and the belief about pleasure scale. Cluster analysis was conducted on these measures among the merged sample of ST, SD, and AT. To validate the clusters, we administered measures on nonsocial reward processing, self-reported empathy, and social functioning. A three-cluster solution was found to be the best fit. Cluster 1 (n = 48) showed high pleasure experience, motivation, and belief about pleasure and spread evenly across three groups. Cluster 2 (n = 31) was characterized by low levels of anticipatory and consummatory pleasure specifically for the social domain, largely comprised of individuals with ST. Cluster 3 (n = 37) showed low levels of consummatory pleasure, motivation, and belief about pleasure, largely comprised of individuals with SD. The resultant clusters differed in social process and functioning. The current findings suggested distinct anhedonia subtypes within different subclinical populations. These findings may have implications for early detection and prevention for anhedonia.</p>","PeriodicalId":20804,"journal":{"name":"PsyCh journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142971982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attentional Rhythms Are Sensitive to Binocular Visual Pathway.","authors":"Bo Dong, Guangyao Zu, Ying Zou, Jianrong Jia, Airui Chen, Ming Zhang","doi":"10.1002/pchj.826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pchj.826","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visual attention is intrinsically rhythmic and oscillates based on the discrete sampling of either single or multiple objects. Recently, studies have found that the early visual cortex (V1/V2) modulates attentional rhythms. Both monocular and binocular cells are present in the early visual cortex, which acts as a transfer station for transformation of the monocular visual pathway into the binocular visual pathway. However, whether the neural site of attentional rhythms is in the monocular or binocular visual pathway needs further study. In the current study, we leveraged the anatomical features of the monocular and binocular pathway to design a paradigm with same-eye and different-eye presentations of cues and targets. By combining this approach with EEG recordings and analysis the impulse response function (TRF), we aimed to address this question. In Experiment 1, we reset the phase of attentional rhythms in one monocular channel (left eye or right eye) by a dichoptic cue and tracked the impulse response function (TRF) of the monocular channel in the left and right eye separately. We found no significant differences in the respective TRFs and their spectra for each eye, suggesting that attention rarely switched between the two eyes, indicating that the binocular visual pathway, not the monocular visual pathway, is the neural site of attentional rhythms. These results were verified when resetting the phases of attentional rhythms by a binocular cue in Experiment 2. These results suggest that attentional rhythms may be sensitive to activities in the binocular visual pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":20804,"journal":{"name":"PsyCh journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142953987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect and Mechanism of an ACT-Based Psychological Resilience Intervention Targeting Students Failing in Postgraduate Entrance Examinations in China: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Jing Han, Ziyi Zhao, Zhihong Ren","doi":"10.1002/pchj.825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pchj.825","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The postgraduate entrance examination frenzy is a widespread and intense phenomenon in China. As the number of students who failed the examination surged, the ensuing mental health problems became prominent. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an online ACT-based group resilience course, which incorporated the six core components of ACT and integrated elements of Chinese culture, in alleviating psychological distress among students who failed the examination. It also explored the mechanism by which the intervention affected changes in psychological distress. A total of 61 participants were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n = 31) and the control group (n = 30). They attended an 8-day group course, with 2-h sessions each day. The study outcomes were psychological distress, resilience, psychological flexibility (PF), and psychological inflexibility (PI). These outcomes were measured at baseline, post-intervention, and 1-month follow-up. Linear mixed models (LMMs) showed significant group × time interactions for all outcome variables, except for stress, which showed a marginally significant interaction. Post hoc analyses revealed significant improvements in depression, resilience, and PF at both post-intervention and at the 1-month follow-up. Additionally, significant reductions in anxiety and a marginally significant reduction in stress were observed at the 1-month follow-up. However, no significant reduction was found in PI. The multiple mediation model showed that the intervention improved psychological distress by increasing resilience and PF. These findings suggest that online resilience group intervention is generally effective in enhancing resilience and alleviating psychological distress and is acceptable to students who have failed the postgraduate entrance examination, as evidenced by high participant engagement and satisfaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":20804,"journal":{"name":"PsyCh journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142953988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adolescents Are More Utilitarian Than Adults in Group Moral Decision-Making.","authors":"Yingying Jiang, Weiwei Zhang, Yingjia Wan, Michaela Gummerum, Liqi Zhu","doi":"10.1002/pchj.821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pchj.821","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explores how peers influence the moral decisions of Chinese adolescents (12- to 16-year-olds, M_age = 14.32, n = 84) and young adults (18- to 26-year-olds, M_age = 20.92, n = 99) in moral dilemmas. Participants were asked to make moral decisions individually and then collectively within groups of three to reach a consensus in Trolly dilemma and Footbridge dilemma. They were also required to evaluate the degree to which they felt their decisions were moral. Results showed that adolescents tended to choose \"action\" (pull the lever in Trolly dilemma, or push the man in Footbridge dilemma) more than adults, and evaluate their \"no action\" choice as more immoral than young adults across both individual and group settings. Adolescents showed consistent decision-making patterns regardless of whether decisions were made individually or collectively, while adults were more likely to choose \"no action\" in group decision-making. Our results suggest that adolescents are more utilitarian than young adults when making decisions in moral dilemmas, compared to young adults. Young adults are less likely to make utilitarian choices when they are in groups than when they make decisions individually.</p>","PeriodicalId":20804,"journal":{"name":"PsyCh journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142897040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-System Collaborative Model of Prosocial Risky Behavior and Cognitive Computation: A Review.","authors":"Changlin Liu, Boqiang Zhao, Youlong Zhan, Ping Hu, Xiaoqin Mai","doi":"10.1002/pchj.822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pchj.822","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prosocial risky behavior (PRB) refers to actions taken at personal risk for the benefit of others or societal welfare, combining risk-taking with prosocial intent, and involving the integrated processing of individual risk and social preferences. Building upon the review and evaluation of the definitions of PRB, existing research tools, theoretical models, and neural mechanisms, this paper elucidates the synergistic interaction and mechanisms of the emotional drive and cognitive reasoning systems in PRB. It constructs a dual-system collaborative model for PRB. Furthermore, to address the shortcomings of existing PRB research tools, such as limited cross-domain applicability and low reliability, this paper designs a PRB research paradigm within the economic decision-making domain. Combined with the dual-system collaborative model of PRB, this paper proposes a cognitive computational modeling concept for PRB and preliminarily verifies its reliability. Future research should conduct cross-cultural studies, utilizing cognitive neuroscientific technologies, to explore the cultural differences in the mechanisms underlying PRB, thereby enhancing the cross-cultural interpretive power of the constructed dual-system collaborative model of PRB. This broadens the theoretical explanatory pathways and research dimensions of PRB.</p>","PeriodicalId":20804,"journal":{"name":"PsyCh journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142897042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining Mental Health Changes Before and After Rhinoplasty: An Analytical Study.","authors":"Ramyar Farzan, Afrooz Haghdoost, Mohammad Tolouie, Sakineh Pourgholami Koudehi, Elham Ebrahimi Khonacha, Paria Nikinia, Mojdeh Esmailzadeh","doi":"10.1002/pchj.820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pchj.820","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to explore the mental health status of individuals seeking rhinoplasty before and 3 months after surgery. This study was conducted in 2022 at Velayat Hospital, involving patients aged 18-60 who were seeking rhinoplasty, selected using convenience sampling method. Exclusion criteria included prior nasal surgery and severe psychiatric disorders without clearance from a psychiatrist. The Symptom Check List-90-Revised questionnaire was employed to assess psychological disorders across 9 dimensions. Sixty patients were examined, consisting of 14 men and 46 women, with an average age of 31 years. A substantial 83.3% of participants sought rhinoplasty solely for cosmetic reasons, whereas 16.7% cited both cosmetic and breathing issues as motivations. Initially, 59 patients had scores indicating \"good\" mental health, with one showing \"moderate\" mental health. Three months after the surgery, all patients scored within \"good\" mental health. The findings revealed significant improvements in various dimensions of mental health, including depression, anxiety, and obsessive compulsive symptoms, with the exception of paranoid ideation. All three primary indicators of mental health demonstrated significant decrease post-surgery. The study highlights the positive impact of rhinoplasty on the mental health of patients, particularly among women, individuals over 20, and non-smokers. Notable improvements were observed across various mental health dimensions, with significant enhancements reported three months post-surgery. However, the findings underscore the need for careful consideration of psychological conditions when selecting candidates for surgery. Limitations, including a small male sample and lack of a control group, suggest further research is necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":20804,"journal":{"name":"PsyCh journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142877758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Mindfulness on Shame: Exploring Mediation by Cognitive Flexibility and Self-Compassion in a Chinese Adult Population.","authors":"Xiaoshuo Zhang, Jinghong Wang, Yuzheng Wang, Jinyan Wang, Fei Luo","doi":"10.1002/pchj.817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pchj.817","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To examine the effects of mindfulness on shame and the mechanisms mediated by cognitive flexibility and self-compassion in a Chinese adult population in daily life, we conducted two studies. Study 1 was a cross-sectional study using the Five-Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire, the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, the Self-Compassion Scale, and the Self-Conscious Affect-3, which were administered to 481 adults in Beijing and Chengdu. For Study 2, an 8-month follow-up study was conducted on 128 of the adults. The results of Study 1 showed that (1) the awareness of action and nonjudgment dimensions, and the total score of mindfulness were significantly correlated with shame; (2) cognitive flexibility and self-compassion could fully mediate the prediction of mindfulness on shame. The Study 2 showed that (1) mindfulness and shame were significantly negatively correlated in both phases of measurement; (2) controlling for T1 shame, T1 mindfulness was able to negatively predict T2 shame; controlling for T1 mindfulness, T1 shame was not able to predict T2 mindfulness. There is a longitudinal association between mindfulness and shame, and only mindfulness scores are predictive of the shame and not vice-versa; both cognitive flexibility and self-compassion can provide explanations for the prediction of shame by mindfulness. Enhancing levels of mindfulness can help alleviate individuals' shame levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":20804,"journal":{"name":"PsyCh journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142807891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}