Rafidain journal of science最新文献

{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization and Study Biological Activity of Substituted 4-Amino -3,5-Bis (2,4-dichloro phenoxy)-1,2,4-Triazole","authors":"Omar Yahya","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2024.182834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2024.182834","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the ester (2) was prepared by reacting 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid with methyl alcohol and using concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst in this reaction, which, when reacted with hydrazine hydrate, obtained acid hydrazide. (3), under reflux conditions with dimethyl sulfoxide and at solvent temperature, the compound 4-amino-3,5-bis-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-1,2,4-triazole was obtained (4). It was obtained and used to prepare a series of new Schiff bases (5a-e) through their reaction with different substitutes of benzaldehyde. The completeness and purity of all the prepared compounds were confirmed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and showed some physical and spectroscopic properties, namely (FT -IR 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR). In addition, the biological activity of the prepared compounds was studied, and their effectiveness against different types of bacteria such as Bacillus, Escherichia coli , and Staphylococcus aureus was discussed. Studies of mainly fungi and bacteria have shown good efficacy against the mentioned species using disc diffusion technology.","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical Investigation on Transportance for Single-Walled Nanotubes, and Bi-Layer Graphene","authors":"Maher Abdullah","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2024.182836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2024.182836","url":null,"abstract":"The transport properties of several carbon nanoparticle derivatives, including single-layer nanotubes and bi-layer graphene, under an external constant electric field, are investigated. Results were analyzed and identified as a function of the quasi-classical approximation of relaxation time by using the Boltzmann kinetic equations. These approaches have been used to obtain the relationships between the electric conductivity σ( E ) and electrons diffusion coefficient D ( E ) in carbon nanostructures. This study proves that when the temperature rises the electrical conductivity σ( E ) decreases for both single-layer and bi-layer carbon nanostructures. For a wide range of temperatures, the electrical conductivity σ (E) behavior of the studied nanoparticles is nonlinearly dependent on the magnitude of the external electric field ( E ). In contrast, the electron diffusion coefficient D ( E ) is independent of temperature for both single-and bi-layers. It also shows that the intensity of an external electric field possesses a nonlinear influence on the electron diffusion coefficient.","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies on Kinetic Properties of Aspergillus Producing Peroxidase from Petroleum Hydrocarbon Spilled Soil","authors":"Chijioke Ezenwelu, Kingsley Agu, Rita Ngwu, Joy Ogana, Emeka Oparaji","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2024.182828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2024.182828","url":null,"abstract":"Peroxidases production was carried out from Aspergillus tamari isolated from petroleum hydrocarbon spilled soil. Physicochemical properties of the respective soil showed pH of 4.45 and 6.5 for soils from point 1 and II respectively and higher conductivity of 613 and 1013 (Ω -1 Cm -1) , respectively when compared with the control sample. Dissolved mineral of Cl - , SO 4 , K, Ca, Mg in the respective soil samples from the petroleum spilled sites were significantly high when compared with the control experiment except for soil sample I which showed a relative low phosphate concentration of 1.23 mg/g in the presence of the control experiment, respectively. TOC and TOM contents were 87.91, 119.04; 108.13 and 146.42 mg/g for soil sample I, and III, respectively. In all the tested parameters, the experimented soils were significantly high than the control soil sample. Molecular tests (18s rDNA.) was used to identify the pure isolate of fungus as Aspergillus tamarii. Studies on effect of incubation period on the production of peroxidase from strains of Aspergillus tamarrii sp. showed that the highest peroxidase activity was obtained on the day 6 th of the fermentation time; Peroxidase activity peaked at pH 5. Protein with highest peroxidase activity was peak precipitated at 60% saturation of the salt. The gel chroـmatogram showed single almost superimposed peaks of enzyme activity. Purified peroxidase activity peaked at pH 4.5. Optimum temperature for the enzyme activity was at 50 °C. Km and V max of 3.45mM and 280 μmole/min was extrapolated from the reciprocal curve of Lineweaver-burke at various concentrations of 2,6 DMP. Fe, Ca, Co and Mn selected as their notable impact in the active site of peroxidase guided the selected were assayed in the presence of the enzymes, respectively. The stability curve obtained for the peroxidases was single biphasic which represent the first order; the enzymes maintained greater than 50% of their activity after 30 min of incubation as activity progressively decreased upto to 40% after 60 min of incubation. Thermal stability of peroxidase at its optimum temperature (50) and at 70°C showed a biphasic stability curve. The enzymes maintained greater than 50% of their activity after 60 min of incubation.","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of some Inflammatory Markers in Covid-19 Patients in Erbil / City","authors":"shayma Muhammed, S. Darogha","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2024.182821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2024.182821","url":null,"abstract":"The 2019 pandemic coronavirus disease has affected millions of individuals globally. The objective of the present study is to assess the possible predictors of CoV-2 severity and to identify the possible correlation between patients' parameters and disease severity, Consequently, we aimed to measure the serum levels of some inflammatory markers, including CRP, D-dimer, Ferritin, and Procalcitonin, as a biomarker for disease severity in CoV-2 patients. A total of 280 nasopharyngeal swabs and whole blood specimens were collected from healthy individuals and individuals suspected with CoV-2 between June 2021 and December 2021 of both sexes, categorized into four main groups: 70 healthy individuals with an age range (23-70), 210 CoV-2 patients in which their ages were between (21-75), (70 patients per mild, moderate and severe patients). According to our findings CoV-2 patients’ groups had leukocytosis, with a significant increase in WBC and Granulocytes count, and a significant decrease in Lymphocyte and platelet. In regard to inflammatory parameters, CRP, D-dimer, ferritin and PCT showed significant differences between the CoV-2 patients groups compare to the control group, these inflammatory biomarkers were significantly elevated in CoV-2 patients group compared to healthy control group (P<0.005). The optimal cut-off values for CRP, D-dimer, Ferritin, and PCT were determined by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve Analysis in CoV-2 patients. In conclusion, Inflammation biomarkers are the best predictors of severe CoV-2, and the combination of clinical signs can further predict severe CoV-2.","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140360147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alizarin Red S as a Chromogenic Agent for the Determination of Meropenem in Pharmaceutical- Formulations","authors":"Wallada H. Ibrahim, Hana Mahmood","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2024.182833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2024.182833","url":null,"abstract":"Alizarin red S (ALRS)reagent has been used for to determination of meropenem (MEP)by an easy, sensitive, and selective procedure based on an ion-pair formation reaction between ALRS and MEP in an aqueous: alcoholic medium in the ratio of 50:50 without adjustment of the acidity of the reaction medium. The linearity ranged from 1 to 50 µg /mL, molar absorptivity was 6.557 × 10 3 L.mol -1 .cm -1 ., index of Sandell’s, was 585584 µg.cm -2 , and the calculated LOD and LOQ were 0.02789 µg/mL, 0.0929 µg/mL respectively. The calculated range of relative error was from -1.022 to 0.34 % which indicates high accuracy, and the calculated range of the relative standard deviation was from 0.347 to 0.574% which indicates high precision. The method has been applied for the determination of MEP in dosage forms successfully in which the recovery ranged from 99.8 to 103.2%. The standard addition method proves no interfering effect caused by inactive ingredients involved in dosage forms of meropenem","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140360789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends Analysis of Mean Temperature in Iraq","authors":"Mustafa Aljaff, Hani Mohammed Salih AL-JIRJEES","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2024.182840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2024.182840","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the trend of air temperatures is investigated by employing measured and predictive data of maximum and minimum temperatures for daily and annual means in three synoptic stations, geographically and climatically distributed in different regions, as follows: (Mosul, Baghdad and Basra), for time series (1982-2020) of measured means up to (2021-2050) for predictive data from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Mann-Kendall analysis, which is a statistical test widely used in climate series to determine the statistical significance of the monotonic trend of temperature means, showed that maximum, daily, and annual temperature means had a positive trend and were statistically significant at the significance level (  = 0.05) and a non-significant fluctuating trend in minimum daily and annual. A high increase in the annual differences with a range of (-1.47-7.25 ℃ ) between the beginning and end of the measured daily time series (1982–2020) that showed a high increase in Basra, followed by the Mosul station, with an increase of the range (5.37-1.24 ℃ ), and finally for the Baghdad station, the increase was recorded within the range (1.24-5.37 ℃ ). Overall, under the potential of global warming, the results concluded that trends of mean temperatures appeared to be in the best agreement with the extreme scenario (SSP5-8.5) compared to the scenario (SSP2-4.5) till the middle of the present century. Globally, the region topped the regions of extreme temperature risks under the governmental authorities' entire deficit to set optimal solutions for climate change and extreme events in Iraq.","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review:: Viruses and their Relation with Breast Cancer","authors":"Zeyad T. Al-Rassam, Watban Hameed, Ahed Aliawi","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2023.181499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2023.181499","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139020858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of some Parameters of the Solar Wind on the Amounts of Clouds-Over Iraq for the Period (1988-2019)","authors":"Anfal ALJeboury, Imad Al-Ibrahimi, Igor Kopytin","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2023.180293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2023.180293","url":null,"abstract":"It is known that the sun and its phenomena have an effect on the Earth's atmosphere in general and the troposphere in particular Especially from this pulpit and because of the importance of this topic and the studies that included it on Iraq, there were few studies to find the relationship between some The parameters of the solar wind are represented by (the radio flux of the sun, F10.7, the magnetic field DST and the electric field Ey) and their effect on the amounts of clouds above Iraq for the period 10/1/1988-31/5/2019. Solar wind parameters data were adopted from the official website of NASA (NOAA), at When clouds quantities were adopted from the Iraqi general authority for Meteorology and Seismic Monitoring for four different stations (Mosul and Kirkuk represent the northern region - Baghdad represents the central region - Basra represents the southern region. The data were statistically analyzed by the statistical program (Minitab 19.0), where the results showed that the effect of F10.7 is generally opposite, except for the phase descending from solar cycle 24 does not show an effect. DST is fluctuating in effect as it is reversed in the total duration and descending phase of the solar cycle 24 and is directed to the solar cycle 23 and does not show the effect of the solar cycle 22 While the electric field Ey has a direct effect for the total duration and an inverse effect with respect to the descending phase of the solar cycle 23.","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77776254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature Calculation for Plasma Spectrum Analysis using Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution","authors":"Atheel Alaqa, Yaser Al-jwaady, Raied Al-Wazzan","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2023.180292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2023.180292","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89511893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect the Static Magnetic Field on some Hematological Parameters of Human AML Leukemia: in vitro","authors":"Shaima Haitham Zaki Al-Qadi, Qusay Al-dulamey, Mazin Abed, Ahmed Mehuaiden","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2023.180274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2023.180274","url":null,"abstract":"In contrast to its relative effects on PLT and white blood cells, the percentage of the magnetic field's influence on red blood cells in this study is lower. The behavior of PLT and RBC are identical (decrease relativity after exposure) at low dose rates of 0.1 Tesla/ hr. and high dose rates of 0.7 Tesla/ hr., and they exhibit opposite behaviors to those of WBC. The ratio of PLT and RBC reaches the high ratio for both males and females at the dose rate of 0.4 Tesla/hr. So, the best exposure dose rate for PLT, WBC, and RBC is 0.4 Tesla/hr. Because these components are radiosensitive, the reversal of the AML leukemia blood components of the incident magnetic field changes. Additionally, cancer cells experience higher levels of ionization than healthy cells. Therefore, the ratio of PLT and RBC after exposure rose at the high-dose rate (0.7 Tesla/hr.). This is so because healthy cells are also included in the damage rate. It is obvious that leukemia blood samples exhibit distinct PLT, WBC, and RBC behaviors than healthy blood samples. This is a result of the increased rate of ionizations during the radiation treatment of blood samples with leukemia. This indicates that the rates of ionization for blood samples containing leukemia and healthy blood are different. The findings are consistent with the fundamental ideas underlying the phenomenon of biological radiation interaction.","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75932480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}