{"title":"Assessment of Differential Sheer Stress Indices in Agricultural Soil Receiving Cafeteria Effluent","authors":"Chijioke Ezenwelu, Chisom Okeke, Onyeka Udemezue, Ogochukwu Ngwu, Joy Ogana, Emeka Oparaji","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2024.182825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2024.182825","url":null,"abstract":"This study looked at assessing the impact of waste water from a cafeteria in University of Nigeria, Nsukka on soil physicochemical properties and quality marker enzyme activity. Physicochemical analysis of the soil before and after irrigation with the domestic waste water from the cafeteria showed the presence of the following: pH 7.4 and 6.65, conductivity 488 and 792 respectively. Dissolved mineral contents were found in the following order: Cl>Ca>Fe>SO 4 >Mg>Cu>K>Pb>PO 3 while heavy metals of Hg, As and Cd were found at below detectable limit range (BDL) in both the irrigated and non-irrigated soil. Total organic matter (TOM) and total organic carbon (TOC) contents were found at 91.66, 22.05 and 76.85, 179.93 in the various treatments, respectively. BOD 5 of the waste water was found at 5.2mg/ml with initial dissolved oxygen concentrations at 6.2 mg/ml. Dissolved mineral concentrations such as Cl, Ca, Mg, PO 3 , Cu, Fe and SO 4 were found richly in abundance. Heavy metals such as Pb was found in trace quantity were as Cd, As and Hg were found in non-detectable range. TDS, TSS and TS were recorded at 23036, 396.5 and 23433. Analysis of soil enzymes showed the activity of the lipase, urease, peroxidase and catalase with corresponding OD reading of 0.403, 0.611, 0.652 and 0.817 respectively. There was an increase of lipase, urease and peroxidase after the irrigation with the waste with OD of 0.610, 0.677 and 0.712 respectively while catalase activity was reduced.","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"37 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Patients of Helicobacter pylori Infection with Iron Deficiency Anemia.","authors":"Yusra Y. Agha, اشواق القداوی","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2024.182837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2024.182837","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Estimation of the Levels of UDP Glucuronosyltransferase 2 Activity and some Vitamins (B12, B17, C and D) for Patients with Colon Cancer","authors":"parween Ismail, Lutfia Hassan, Pshtiwan Yousif","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2024.182820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2024.182820","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most prevalent types of cancer in humans and a well-known cause of mortality is colon cancer. This study aimed to measure the serum levels of UDP glucuronosyltransferase vitamins (B12, B17, C and D) in patients with colon cancer and to determine how these levels affect the course of the disease. The participants in the current study include 45 healthy people (mean age = 62.03±12.3 yrs.) who serve as a comparison group and 65 subjects with subjectively diagnosed colon cancer (mean age = 64.03±12.2 yrs.). The serum UDP glucuronosyltransferase 2B17, Vitamin B12, Vitamin D, and Vitamin C levels were among the determined biochemical markers . When colon cancer patients were compared to the control group, UDP glucuronosyltransferase 2B17 levels were significantly higher (P < 0.0001). In comparison to the control group, the serum Vitamin B12, Vitamin D, and Vitamin C levels in colon cancer patients were all considerably lower (P < 0.0001), P < 0.001, and P< 0.05, respectively). In our investigation, a marker for colon cancer was shown to be an increase in blood UDP glucuronosyltransferase 2B17 and a decrease in vitamin B12","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140360745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali I. Yaseen, Laith Najam, Joseph Ndjana Nkoulou, Abbasher Gismelseed
{"title":"Assessing the Levels of Radioactivity and Evaluating the Radiation Hazards in Soil Samples of Badoosh Cement Plant in Nineveh Governorate, Iraq","authors":"Ali I. Yaseen, Laith Najam, Joseph Ndjana Nkoulou, Abbasher Gismelseed","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2024.182839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2024.182839","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to measure the radioactivity levels in the soil of the area around Badoosh cement plant, and to evaluate the radiological hazards of radionuclides. We used gamma-spectroscopy with an (HPGe) detector to estimate the specific activities of natural ( 226 Ra, 232 Th, 40 K) and artificial ( 137 Cs) radionuclides in the soil of Badoosh cement plant. The results show that the mean value of specific activity of 226 Ra is (12.78±1.035Bq/kg), and for 232 Th the mean value is (16.142±0.74 Bq/kg), and for 40 K it was (153.903±4.98 Bq/kg), and the mean value for 137 Cs is (0.6351±0.18 Bq/kg). Radiological hazard indices were determined according to the activity concentration of the radionuclides in the area under study. The mean value of radium equivalent (Ra eq ) is (47.719 Bq/kg), while the mean value of absorbed dose (D γ ) is (22.074 nGy/h). The values were measured for the indoor equivalent annual effective dose (AEDE in ) and outdoor equivalent (AEDE out ), the mean value of (AEDE in ) is (108.288 μSv/y), and the mean value of (AEDE out ) is (27.072 μSv/y), and the mean value of the excess life time cancer risk (ELCR) is (94.752 10 -6 ). When measuring the external (H ex ) and internal (H in ) radiological indices, the mean value for (H ex ) is (0.174) and the mean value for (H in ) is (..165). While the mean value for gamma radiation index (I γ ) is (0.349). The mean value of the annual gonadal dose equivalent (AGDE) is (155.306 μSv/y) and the mean value of the ambient dose equivalent rate H*(10) is (29.236 nSv/h). The radiological hazard Indices were within the internationally accepted limits recommended by UNSCEAR; thus, it can be concluded that there are no radiological hazards due to the direct and continuous exposure of radiation on working workers in this cement plant and organisms that live in this region.","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biotechnological Applications in Enhancing the Gut Environment.","authors":"iman khudhur, B. Al-Taie, Mohammed Allawi","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2024.182838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2024.182838","url":null,"abstract":"Modern technologies of biotechnology which are involved in modifying the composition of some food ingredients, play an important role in the food industry that stimulates intestinal movement. Focusing on some key genes of significance in the regulation of immunity, growth and nutrient metabolism in different tissues. Also, using fermentation techniques in the food industry is important. Probiotic bacteria especially lactobacillus spp. is continuously developing to modulate the microbiome of the gut, furthermore it can be considered a novel alternative medication for overweight problems and other metabolic deficiencies. Administration of probiotic organisms can modulate the gut microbiota for host health recovery. Fungi and yeasts in particular, and the most prominent of them are Saccharomyces spp. they have an important role in reducing gastrointestinal diseases, and reducing intestinal invasion with harmful fungal species, in addition to their presence in foods that reduce poor digestion to a great extent.","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"104 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140360030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Indirect Spectrophotometric Estimation of Carvedilol via Oxidation and Bleaching of Eriochrome Black-T Color in Bulk Drug and Pharmaceutical Preparations","authors":"I. Alallaf, A. Al-Taee, N. Othman","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2024.182832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2024.182832","url":null,"abstract":"Carvedilol (CAR) has been estimated by the indirect spectrophotometric method. The suggested method was based on the oxidation of CAR with an excess of potassium per-iodate (KIO 4 ) in the presence of hydrochloric acid, then the unreacted or the excess KIO 4 was bleaching the color of Eriochrome black-T dye (EBT), the absorbance of unreacted EBT has been estimated at wavelength 520 nm (the maximum absorption of EBT). The measured absorbance is directly proportional to the amount of CAR in the solution. All parameters affected of by the oxidation of CAR and bleaching of EBT color have been studied and the optimum conditions have been fixed. The linearity of the method is in the range (0.5 -15.0) μg.ml-1, the molar absorptivity value is equal to 343121 10 4 l.mol -1 .cm -1 , and the Sandell's index value for sensitivity is equal to","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"32 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140360495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Chitosan Nanoparticles on Growth, Swarming Motility, and Biofilm Formation in Proteus Mirabilis Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections","authors":"Marwa Aljobori, A. AL-Rawi","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2024.182824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2024.182824","url":null,"abstract":"Proteus mirabilis is the third most prevalent cause of urinary tract infection (UTI), the goal of this study was to see how chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) affected on growth, swarming motility and biofilm formation of Proteus mirabilis , after isolation from patient infected with urinary tract infection and identified with routine methods and confirmed using API system. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) against the clinical strain of Proteus mirabilis was identified. The sub-MIC (CS-NPS) was used to evaluate their inhibitory effect on swarming motility and forming of biofilm. The results showed that the chitosan nanoparticles caused a remarkable inhibition of the two important virulence factors swarming motility and biofilm formation as compared with the control. As well as swarming motility's mean diameter was reduced from 8.5 to 0.5 cm. The clinical strain of Proteus mirabilis developed into a moderate biofilm producer after treatment, with a mean percentage rate of biofilm inhibition of 58%.","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of a Spectrophotometric Method to Assay Tetracycline Hydrochloride by Coupling with Diazotized p-Aminobenzoic Acid,: Application to Pharmaceutical Forms","authors":"Rania Ibraheem, Salim A. Mohammed","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2024.182835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2024.182835","url":null,"abstract":"This work comprises developing a sensitive and precise spectrophotometric procedure to analyze tetracycline hydrochloride in the bulk and in the drug forms. In this method, p-aminobenzoic acid reagent was diazotized with an equimolar NaNO 2 (sodium nitrite) solution in the existence of HCl (hydrochloric acid) to produce corresponding diazonium salt subsequently coupling with tetracycline hydrochloride in a basic solution of NH 4 OH to produce a yellow azo dye which was water soluble and has a maximum absorption at 422 nm versus a reagent blank. Under optimal conditions, the linearity of Beer's law was estimated to cover the concentration range of 0.25-17.5 µ g/ml with an exceptional determination coefficient (R 2 = 0.9993) and molar absorptivity of 1.66×10 4 l/mol.cm. The calculated values of detection limit (LOD) and quantitation limit (LOQ) were equal to 0.012 and 0.040 µ g/ml, respectively. The values of error percentage and precision (RSD%) ranges were calculated and found in the range of -0.08% to 3.3% and 0.16% to 1.59%, respectively. The stoichiometry of the product was set up to be 1:1 tetracycline hydrochloride: diazotized p-aminobenzoic acid. The mentioned procedure has been utilized successfully to the evaluation of tetracycline hydrochloride in capsules and ointment.","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140361046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hiba Khaleel Saeed, E. Alsammak, M. Haddad, Igor Ivanovski
{"title":"Biosynthetic Gene Clusters and Anatoxin-a Detection in a Whole Genome of Microcoleus sp.. HI-ES","authors":"Hiba Khaleel Saeed, E. Alsammak, M. Haddad, Igor Ivanovski","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2024.182823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2024.182823","url":null,"abstract":"Cyanobacteria is a group of microorganisms that are known to produce a wide range of biologically active metabolites as well as a wide range of cyanotoxins such as anatoxins. In this study, the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) that are responsible for bioactive secondary compounds production were genetically identified in the whole genome sequence of Microcoleus sp. HI-ES using antiSMASH 6.0 tool. Moreover, the gene sequence that is responsible for anatoxin production was also identified using both RAST tool and the NCBI database. The results have revealed that Microcoleus sp. HI-ES harbor 10 BGCs responsible for NRPS-like, NRPS, resorcinol, terpenes and T1PKS. The pharmaceutical impacts and the biological activities of these BGCs were also discussed. The anatoxin gene sequences detected in Microcoleus sp. HI-ES genome was closest homology to anatoxin gene sequences in Oscillatoria nigroviridis PCC 7112, Planktothrix agardhii ,","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140359607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salma Neamah, I. Falih, Salim Albukhaty, Sasikumar P
{"title":"Phytochemical Characteristic Analysis and Biological Activity for Capparis spinosa L. Fruit extract","authors":"Salma Neamah, I. Falih, Salim Albukhaty, Sasikumar P","doi":"10.33899/rjs.2024.182831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2024.182831","url":null,"abstract":"Alternative medicine and herbal treatment are among the methods inherited by the people of the Middle East. In the current study, we evaluated the chemical composition of the fruit of Capparis spinosa L. ( C. spinosea L.), as well as the antibacterial, and potential inhibitory effects of the dehydrogenase enzyme (LDH). The presence of the active chemicals in the extract was confirmed by phytochemical screening and characterization techniques such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS), ultraviolet (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The outcomes demonstrated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, and vitamins in the aqueous extract. Moreover, the extract exhibited anti-bacterial activity, especially against gram-negative bacteria. In contrast, the concentrations of the aqueous extract possessed the activity of inhibiting the dehydrogenase enzyme at a concentration of 0.13 mmo l/L. The study concluded that C.spinosea L. fruit aqueous extract contains biologically active compounds that could be used in the inhibition processes of both antibacterial and as well as inhibitors of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).","PeriodicalId":20803,"journal":{"name":"Rafidain journal of science","volume":"1 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140359229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}