Protein Science最新文献_第7页

Synonymous and non-synonymous codon substitutions can alleviate dependence on GroEL for folding. 同义和非同义密码子替换可以减轻折叠对 GroEL 的依赖。

IF 4.5 3区生物学

Protein Science Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/pro.5087

Tali Haviv Reingewertz, Miki Ben-Maimon, Zohar Zafrir, Tamir Tuller, Amnon Horovitz

引用次数: 0

Fit-for-purpose heterodivalent single-domain antibody for gastrointestinal targeting of toxin B from Clostridium difficile. 适用于艰难梭菌毒素 B 胃肠道靶向的异等价单域抗体。

IF 4.5 3区生物学

Protein Science Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/pro.5035

Everardo R Rodriguez Rodriguez, Rune Thorbjørn Nordvang, Marcus Petersson, Jakob Kræmmer Haar Rendsvig, Emma Wenzel Arendrup, Monica L Fernández Quintero, Timothy P Jenkins, Andreas H Laustsen, Sandra Wingaard Thrane

{"title":"Fit-for-purpose heterodivalent single-domain antibody for gastrointestinal targeting of toxin B from Clostridium difficile.","authors":"Everardo R Rodriguez Rodriguez, Rune Thorbjørn Nordvang, Marcus Petersson, Jakob Kræmmer Haar Rendsvig, Emma Wenzel Arendrup, Monica L Fernández Quintero, Timothy P Jenkins, Andreas H Laustsen, Sandra Wingaard Thrane","doi":"10.1002/pro.5035","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pro.5035","url":null,"abstract":"Single-domain antibodies (sdAbs), such as VHHs, are increasingly being developed for gastrointestinal (GI) applications against pathogens to strengthen gut health. However, what constitutes a suitable developability profile for applying these proteins in a gastrointestinal setting remains poorly explored. Here, we describe an in vitro methodology for the identification of sdAb derivatives, more specifically divalent VHH constructs, that display extraordinary developability properties for oral delivery and functionality in the GI environment. We showcase this by developing a heterodivalent VHH construct that cross-inhibits the toxic activity of the glycosyltransferase domains (GTDs) from three different toxinotypes of cytotoxin B (TcdB) from lineages of Clostridium difficile. We show that the VHH construct possesses high stability and binding activity under gastric conditions, in the presence of bile salts, and at high temperatures. We suggest that the incorporation of early developability assessment could significantly aid in the efficient discovery of VHHs and related constructs fit for oral delivery and GI applications.","PeriodicalId":20761,"journal":{"name":"Protein Science","volume":"33 7","pages":"e5035"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11201815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141458959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evolution of fungal tuberculosis necrotizing toxin (TNT) domain-containing enzymes reveals divergent adaptations to enhance NAD cleavage. 真菌结核坏死毒素（TNT）含域酶的进化揭示了增强 NAD 裂解的不同适应性。

IF 4.5 3区生物学

Protein Science Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/pro.5071

Eugenio Ferrario, Juha Pekka Kallio, Mahdi Emdadi, Øyvind Strømland, Johannes G M Rack, Mathias Ziegler

{"title":"Evolution of fungal tuberculosis necrotizing toxin (TNT) domain-containing enzymes reveals divergent adaptations to enhance NAD cleavage.","authors":"Eugenio Ferrario, Juha Pekka Kallio, Mahdi Emdadi, Øyvind Strømland, Johannes G M Rack, Mathias Ziegler","doi":"10.1002/pro.5071","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pro.5071","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis necrotizing toxin (TNT) is a protein domain discovered on the outer membrane of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), and the fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. TNT domains have pure NAD(P) hydrolytic activity, setting them apart from other NAD-cleaving domains such as ADP-ribosyl cyclase and Toll/interleukin-1 receptor homology (TIR) domains which form a wider set of products. Importantly, the Mtb TNT domain has been shown to be involved in immune evasion via depletion of the intracellular NAD pool of macrophages. Therefore, an intriguing hypothesis is that TNT domains act as \"NAD killers\" in host cells facilitating pathogenesis. Here, we explore the phylogenetic distribution of TNT domains and detect their presence solely in bacteria and fungi. Within fungi, we discerned six TNT clades. In addition, X-ray crystallography and AlphaFold2 modeling unveiled clade-specific strategies to promote homodimer stabilization of the fungal enzymes, namely, Ca2+ binding, disulfide bonds, or hydrogen bonds. We show that dimer stabilization is a requirement for NADase activity and that the group-specific strategies affect the active site conformation, thereby modulating enzyme activity. Together, these findings reveal the evolutionary lineage of fungal TNT enzymes, corroborating the hypothesis of them being pure extracellular NAD (eNAD) cleavers, with possible involvement in microbial warfare and host immune evasion.","PeriodicalId":20761,"journal":{"name":"Protein Science","volume":"33 7","pages":"e5071"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11187862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141420601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antigen-binding fragments with improved crystal lattice packing and enhanced conformational flexibility at the elbow region as crystallization chaperones. 作为结晶伴侣，抗原结合片段具有更好的晶格堆积和更强的肘部构象灵活性。

IF 4.5 3区生物学

Protein Science Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/pro.5081

Heather A Bruce, Alexander U Singer, Levi L Blazer, Khanh Luu, Lynda Ploder, Alevtina Pavlenco, Igor Kurinov, Jarrett J Adams, Sachdev S Sidhu

{"title":"Antigen-binding fragments with improved crystal lattice packing and enhanced conformational flexibility at the elbow region as crystallization chaperones.","authors":"Heather A Bruce, Alexander U Singer, Levi L Blazer, Khanh Luu, Lynda Ploder, Alevtina Pavlenco, Igor Kurinov, Jarrett J Adams, Sachdev S Sidhu","doi":"10.1002/pro.5081","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pro.5081","url":null,"abstract":"It has been shown previously that a set of three modifications-termed S1, Crystal Kappa, and elbow-act synergistically to improve the crystallizability of an antigen-binding fragment (Fab) framework. Here, we prepared a phage-displayed library and performed crystallization screenings to identify additional substitutions-located near the heavy-chain elbow region-which cooperate with the S1, Crystal Kappa, and elbow modifications to increase expression and improve crystallizability of the Fab framework even further. One substitution (K141Q) supports the signature Crystal Kappa-mediated Fab:Fab crystal lattice packing interaction. Another substitution (E172G) improves the compatibility of the elbow modification with the Fab framework by alleviating some of the strain incurred by the shortened and bulkier elbow linker region. A third substitution (F170W) generates a split-Fab conformation, resulting in a powerful crystal lattice packing interaction comprising the biological interaction interface between the variable heavy and light chain domains. In sum, we have used K141Q, E172G, and F170W substitutions-which complement the S1, Crystal Kappa, and elbow modifications-to generate a set of highly crystallizable Fab frameworks that can be used as chaperones to enable facile elucidation of Fab:antigen complex structures by x-ray crystallography.","PeriodicalId":20761,"journal":{"name":"Protein Science","volume":"33 7","pages":"e5081"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11201802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141458955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improved prediction of site-rates from structure with averaging across homologs. 通过对同源物进行平均，改进了从结构预测位点速率的方法。

IF 4.5 3区生物学

Protein Science Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/pro.5086

Christoffer Norn, Fábio Oliveira, Ingemar André

{"title":"Improved prediction of site-rates from structure with averaging across homologs.","authors":"Christoffer Norn, Fábio Oliveira, Ingemar André","doi":"10.1002/pro.5086","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pro.5086","url":null,"abstract":"Variation in mutation rates at sites in proteins can largely be understood by the constraint that proteins must fold into stable structures. Models that calculate site-specific rates based on protein structure and a thermodynamic stability model have shown a significant but modest ability to predict empirical site-specific rates calculated from sequence. Models that use detailed atomistic models of protein energetics do not outperform simpler approaches using packing density. We demonstrate that a fundamental reason for this is that empirical site-specific rates are the result of the average effect of many different microenvironments in a phylogeny. By analyzing the results of evolutionary dynamics simulations, we show how averaging site-specific rates across many extant protein structures can lead to correct recovery of site-rate prediction. This result is also demonstrated in natural protein sequences and experimental structures. Using predicted structures, we demonstrate that atomistic models can improve upon contact density metrics in predicting site-specific rates from a structure. The results give fundamental insights into the factors governing the distribution of site-specific rates in protein families.","PeriodicalId":20761,"journal":{"name":"Protein Science","volume":"33 7","pages":"e5086"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11196898/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141458960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thermostability and binding properties of single-chained Fv fragments derived from therapeutic antibodies. 源自治疗性抗体的单链 Fv 片段的耐热性和结合特性。

IF 4.5 3区生物学

Protein Science Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/pro.5084

Takashi Tadokoro, Harumi Tsuboi, Kota Nakamura, Tetsushi Hayakawa, Reo Ohmura, Izumi Kato, Masaki Inoue, Shin-Ichi Tsunoda, Sayaka Niizuma, Yukari Okada, Satoko Otsuguro, Katsumi Maenaka

{"title":"Thermostability and binding properties of single-chained Fv fragments derived from therapeutic antibodies.","authors":"Takashi Tadokoro, Harumi Tsuboi, Kota Nakamura, Tetsushi Hayakawa, Reo Ohmura, Izumi Kato, Masaki Inoue, Shin-Ichi Tsunoda, Sayaka Niizuma, Yukari Okada, Satoko Otsuguro, Katsumi Maenaka","doi":"10.1002/pro.5084","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pro.5084","url":null,"abstract":"Small antibody fragments have recently been used as alternatives to full-length monoclonal antibodies in therapeutic applications. One of the most popular fragment antibodies is single-chain fragment variables (scFvs), consisting of variable heavy (VH) and variable light (VL) domains linked by a flexible peptide linker. scFvs have small molecular sizes, which enables good tissue penetration and low immunogenicity. Despite these advantages, the use of scFvs, especially for therapeutic purpose, is still limited because of the difficulty to regulate the binding activity and conformational stability. In this study, we constructed and analyzed 10 scFv fragments derived from 10 representatives of FDA-approved mAbs to evaluate their physicochemical properties. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed that scFvs exhibited relatively high but varied thermostability, from 50 to 70°C of melting temperatures, and different unfolding cooperativity. Surface plasmon resonance analysis revealed that scFvs fragments that exhibit high stability and cooperative unfolding likely tend to maintain antigen binding. This study demonstrated the comprehensive physicochemical properties of scFvs derived from FDA-approved antibodies, providing insights into antibody design and development.","PeriodicalId":20761,"journal":{"name":"Protein Science","volume":"33 7","pages":"e5084"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11201803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141458962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tubulin-binding region alters tau-lipid interactions and changes toxicity of tau fibrils formed in the presence of phosphatidylserine lipids. 微管蛋白结合区改变了 tau 与脂质的相互作用，并改变了在磷脂酰丝氨酸脂质存在下形成的 tau 纤维的毒性。

IF 4.5 3区生物学

Protein Science Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/pro.5078

Abid Ali, Aidan P Holman, Axell Rodriguez, Mikhail Matveyenka, Dmitry Kurouski

{"title":"Tubulin-binding region alters tau-lipid interactions and changes toxicity of tau fibrils formed in the presence of phosphatidylserine lipids.","authors":"Abid Ali, Aidan P Holman, Axell Rodriguez, Mikhail Matveyenka, Dmitry Kurouski","doi":"10.1002/pro.5078","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pro.5078","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer's disease is the fastest-growing neurodegenerative disease that affects over six million Americans. The abnormal aggregation of amyloid β peptide and Tau protein is the expected molecular cause of the loss of neurons in brains of AD patients. A growing body of evidence indicates that lipids can alter the aggregation rate of amyloid β peptide and modify the toxicity of amyloid β aggregates. However, the role of lipids in Tau aggregation remains unclear. In this study, we utilized a set of biophysical methods to determine the extent to which phospatidylserine (PS) altered the aggregation properties of Tau isoforms with one (1N4R) and two (2N4R) N terminal inserts that enhance the binding of Tau to tubulin. We found that the length and saturation of fatty acids (FAs) in PS altered the aggregation rate of 2N4R isoform, while no changes in the aggregation rate of 1N4R were observed. These results indicate that N terminal inserts play an important role in protein-lipid interactions. We also found that PS could change the toxicity of 1N4R and 2N4R Tau fibrils, as well as alter molecular mechanisms by which these aggregates exert cytotoxicity to neurons. Finally, we found that although Tau fibrils formed in the presence and absence of PS endocytosed by cells, only fibril species that were formed in the presence of PS exert strong impairment of the cell mitochondria.","PeriodicalId":20761,"journal":{"name":"Protein Science","volume":"33 7","pages":"e5078"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11187861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141420507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The potential role of liquid-liquid phase separation in the cellular fate of the compartments for unconventional protein secretion. 液-液相分离在非常规蛋白质分泌区细胞命运中的潜在作用。

IF 4.5 3区生物学

Protein Science Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/pro.5085

Luis Felipe S Mendes, Carolina O Gimenes, Marília D O da Silva, Saroj K Rout, Roland Riek, Antonio J Costa-Filho

{"title":"The potential role of liquid-liquid phase separation in the cellular fate of the compartments for unconventional protein secretion.","authors":"Luis Felipe S Mendes, Carolina O Gimenes, Marília D O da Silva, Saroj K Rout, Roland Riek, Antonio J Costa-Filho","doi":"10.1002/pro.5085","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pro.5085","url":null,"abstract":"Eukaryotic cells have developed intricate mechanisms for biomolecule transport, particularly in stressful conditions. This interdisciplinary study delves into unconventional protein secretion (UPS) pathways activated during starvation, facilitating the export of proteins bypassing most of the components of the classical secretory machinery. Specifically, we focus on the underexplored mechanisms of the GRASP's role in UPS, particularly in biogenesis and cargo recruitment for the vesicular-like compartment for UPS. Our results show that liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) plays a key role in the coacervation of Grh1, the GRASP yeast homologue, under starvation-like conditions. This association seems a precursor to the Compartment for Unconventional Protein Secretion (CUPS) biogenesis. Grh1's self-association is regulated by electrostatic, hydrophobic, and hydrogen-bonding interactions. Importantly, our study demonstrates that phase-separated states of Grh1 can recruit UPS cargo under starvation-like situations. Additionally, we explore how the coacervate liquid-to-solid transition could impact cells' ability to return to normal post-stress states. Our findings offer insights into intracellular protein dynamics and cell adaptive responses to stress.","PeriodicalId":20761,"journal":{"name":"Protein Science","volume":"33 7","pages":"e5085"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11201811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141458961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rheostatic contributions to protein stability can obscure a position's functional role. 流变对蛋白质稳定性的影响可能会掩盖某个位置的功能作用。

IF 4.5 3区生物学

Protein Science Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/pro.5075

Pierce T O'Neil, Liskin Swint-Kruse, Aron W Fenton

{"title":"Rheostatic contributions to protein stability can obscure a position's functional role.","authors":"Pierce T O'Neil, Liskin Swint-Kruse, Aron W Fenton","doi":"10.1002/pro.5075","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pro.5075","url":null,"abstract":"Rheostat positions, which can be substituted with various amino acids to tune protein function across a range of outcomes, are a developing area for advancing personalized medicine and bioengineering. Current methods cannot accurately predict which proteins contain rheostat positions or their substitution outcomes. To compare the prevalence of rheostat positions in homologs, we previously investigated their occurrence in two pyruvate kinase (PYK) isozymes. Human liver PYK contained numerous rheostat positions that tuned the apparent affinity for the substrate phosphoenolpyruvate (Kapp-PEP) across a wide range. In contrast, no functional rheostat positions were identified in Zymomonas mobilis PYK (ZmPYK). Further, the set of ZmPYK substitutions included an unusually large number that lacked measurable activity. We hypothesized that the inactive substitution variants had reduced protein stability, precluding detection of Kapp-PEP tuning. Using modified buffers, robust enzymatic activity was obtained for 19 previously-inactive ZmPYK substitution variants at three positions. Surprisingly, both previously-inactive and previously-active substitution variants all had Kapp-PEP values close to wild-type. Thus, none of the three positions were functional rheostat positions, and, unlike human liver PYK, ZmPYK's Kapp-PEP remained poorly tunable by single substitutions. To directly assess effects on stability, we performed thermal denaturation experiments for all ZmPYK substitution variants. Many diminished stability, two enhanced stability, and the three positions showed different thermal sensitivity to substitution, with one position acting as a \"stability rheostat.\" The differences between the two PYK homologs raises interesting questions about the underlying mechanism(s) that permit functional tuning by single substitutions in some proteins but not in others.","PeriodicalId":20761,"journal":{"name":"Protein Science","volume":"33 7","pages":"e5075"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11187868/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141420506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing the functional roles of coevolving PHD finger residues. 评估共同进化的 PHD 手指残基的功能作用。

IF 4.5 3区生物学

Protein Science Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/pro.5065

Shraddha Basu, Ujwal Subedi, Marco Tonelli, Maral Afshinpour, Nitija Tiwari, Ernesto J Fuentes, Suvobrata Chakravarty

{"title":"Assessing the functional roles of coevolving PHD finger residues.","authors":"Shraddha Basu, Ujwal Subedi, Marco Tonelli, Maral Afshinpour, Nitija Tiwari, Ernesto J Fuentes, Suvobrata Chakravarty","doi":"10.1002/pro.5065","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pro.5065","url":null,"abstract":"Although in silico folding based on coevolving residue constraints in the deep-learning era has transformed protein structure prediction, the contributions of coevolving residues to protein folding, stability, and other functions in physical contexts remain to be clarified and experimentally validated. Herein, the PHD finger module, a well-known histone reader with distinct subtypes containing subtype-specific coevolving residues, was used as a model to experimentally assess the contributions of coevolving residues and to clarify their specific roles. The results of the assessment, including proteolysis and thermal unfolding of wildtype and mutant proteins, suggested that coevolving residues have varying contributions, despite their large in silico constraints. Residue positions with large constraints were found to contribute to stability in one subtype but not others. Computational sequence design and generative model-based energy estimates of individual structures were also implemented to complement the experimental assessment. Sequence design and energy estimates distinguish coevolving residues that contribute to folding from those that do not. The results of proteolytic analysis of mutations at positions contributing to folding were consistent with those suggested by sequence design and energy estimation. Thus, we report a comprehensive assessment of the contributions of coevolving residues, as well as a strategy based on a combination of approaches that should enable detailed understanding of the residue contributions in other large protein families.","PeriodicalId":20761,"journal":{"name":"Protein Science","volume":"33 7","pages":"e5065"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11201814/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141458956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0