Plant and Cell Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Nitrate Reductase Modulates Internal Nitrate Status and Nodulation Responses to Nitrate in Lotus japonicus.","authors":"Momoyo Ito, Shohei Nosaki, Takuya Suzaki","doi":"10.1093/pcp/pcag108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcag108","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20575,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Cell Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148631206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic analyses reveal common heterophylly regulations in eight amphibious eudicots.","authors":"Gaojie Li, Tomoaki Sakamoto, Seisuke Kimura, Hongwei Hou","doi":"10.1093/pcp/pcag037","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pcp/pcag037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heterophylly, the ability of plants to produce various leaf forms in response to environments, is widely seen in nature. Aquatic plants emerged from various lineages of land plants, and amphibious species are those that can survive in both terrestrial and submerged conditions. In this study, we conducted phenotypical studies and transcriptomic analyses of eight amphibious eudicots. We quantified leaf shape changes under terrestrial and submerged conditions and found that dissection index is a proper indicator to quantify leaf complexity among heterophyllous species. We identified groups of differentially expressed genes related to heterophylly, mainly in terms of leaf shape, stomata development, and phytohormone biosynthesis. Different heterophyllous species have diverse regulations of leaf shape, and we verified the function of candidate class I KNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEOBOX genes using transgenic Arabidopsis lines. Stomatal densities are commonly decreased underwater, and genes related to their development are also downregulated. Abscisic acid may be a key factor regulating heterophylly, and CATALASE genes are upregulated under submergence. Our study has uncovered common and special characteristics among eight amphibious eudicots, providing resources to reveal mechanisms of heterophylly and convergent evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":20575,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Cell Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1111-1124"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13409516/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147504527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Actin fragmentation induced by Colletotrichum higginsianum infection facilitates hyphal invasion in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves.","authors":"Takashi L Shimada, Takumi Higaki, Kazuo Ebine, Yoshitaka Takano, Yusuke Saijo, Takashi Ueda","doi":"10.1093/pcp/pcag038","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pcp/pcag038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Actin filaments are essential for plant cellular functions, and their dynamics are altered in response to fungal infection, contributing to defense responses. However, the mechanisms by which pathogens suppress actin-mediated immunity remain largely unknown. Here, we report that infection by the adapted fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum induces actin fragmentation in Arabidopsis thaliana leaf cells. Imaging analyses revealed that actin fragmentation with increased apparent actin thickness occurred following C. higginsianum inoculation. Actin fragmentation was observed 2 days after inoculation, preceding hyphal invasion on Day 3. Rhodamine-phalloidin staining confirmed that endogenous actin filaments were disrupted in infected cells. Pretreatment with latrunculin B, which induces actin fragmentation, significantly increased the rate of C. higginsianum hyphal invasion, suggesting that fragmented actin filaments may facilitate fungal entry. Notably, actin fragmentation occurred even in pattern recognition receptor mutants, indicating that it is not triggered by pathogen-associated molecular pattern perception. No obvious changes in microtubule organization were observed. Inoculation with the nonadapted Colletotrichum tropicale did not induce actin fragmentation in A. thaliana. In contrast, C. higginsianum induced actin fragmentation in cucumber and Brassica crops, whereas Colletotrichum orbiculare did not, despite being pathogenic to cucumber. These findings suggest that C. higginsianum employs a distinctive infection strategy involving actin fragmentation that is independent of canonical immune recognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":20575,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Cell Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1125-1136"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147499691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytokinin receptor AHK3 influences leaf size by modulating trans-zeatin-type cytokinin levels in xylem.","authors":"Kota Monden, Takamasa Suzuki, Mikiko Kojima, Yumiko Takebayashi, Takehiro Kamiya, Takatoshi Kiba, Hitoshi Sakakibara, Tsuyoshi Nakagawa, Takushi Hachiya","doi":"10.1093/pcp/pcag052","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pcp/pcag052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trans-zeatin (tZ)-type cytokinins (CKs) are predominantly synthesized in roots, transported to the shoot via the xylem, and coordinate diverse physiological processes in aerial organs. Within this process, the regulation of CK biosynthesis by nitrate signaling via nodule inception-like protein 7, as well as the loading of tZ-type CKs into the xylem by ATP-binding cassette transporter G14, have been well studied. However, the roles of other components remain unclear. Here, we show that CK perception and degradation in roots, as mediated by Arabidopsis histidine kinase 3 (AHK3) and CK oxidase/dehydrogenase 4 (CKX4), modulate root-to-shoot tZ-type cytokinin transport in response to nitrate. Grafting experiments demonstrate that root-specific AHK3 deficiency systemically increases the leaf blade area through long-distance signals of root-derived tZ-type CKs, perceived by shoot-expressed AHK3. Transcriptome and hormonome analyses reveal that root-specific AHK3 deficiency reduces CKX4 expression in roots, elevating tZ-type CK levels in roots and xylem sap and thereby enhancing the leaf CK response. Transfer experiments manipulating root nitrate levels show that root-specific AHK3 deficiency promotes the leaf blade area in a manner dependent on both nitrate and root-derived tZ-type CK signaling. Moreover, both nitrate signals and root-expressed AHK3 are required for maximal CKX4 induction in roots, and root-specific CKX4 deficiency enhances the leaf blade area in a nitrate-dependent manner. These findings reveal a novel mechanism in which an AHK3-CKX4 module governs xylem transport of tZ-type CKs, fine-tuning leaf size according to root nitrate status.</p>","PeriodicalId":20575,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Cell Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1237-1251"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13409519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148034757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mining of key O-methyltransferase genes and UDP-glucosyltransferase genes for ginkgotoxin and ginkgotoxin-5'-glucoside synthesis based on transcriptome sequencing analysis.","authors":"Manman Shi, Wen Zhang, Tao Wang, Pengfei Yu, Fuliang Cao, Erzheng Su","doi":"10.1093/pcp/pcag046","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pcp/pcag046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ginkgo biloba seeds contain toxic 4'-O-methylpyridoxine (MPN) and 4'-O-methylpyridoxine-5'-glucoside (MPNG), but their biosynthetic genes are poorly understood. To identify these genes, we performed multistage transcriptome sequencing, differentially expressed gene screening, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and enrichment analysis during seed development. MPNG accumulation predominated in mature seeds, correlating with gene expression dynamics. We identified 25 O-methyltransferase (OMT) and 40 uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucosyltransferase (UGT) candidates. Among these, 7 OMTs (e.g. Gb_35680 and Gb_01186) and 8 UGTs (e.g. Gb_34745 and Gb_37494) were significantly upregulated during maturation, confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). WGCNA revealed four gene modules strongly correlated with MPN/MPNG accumulation, enriched in methylation, glycosylation, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. This study integrates dynamic transcriptome and coexpression analyses to pinpoint key regulatory nodes in ginkgotoxin biosynthesis, providing novel genetic targets for developing low-toxicity cultivars through molecular breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":20575,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Cell Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1165-1180"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147676012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a rapid transformation and amplification system in Byblis guehoi unveils an atypical protein secretion pathway in sessile trichome cells.","authors":"You-Xian Li, Chia-Hua Yu, I-Jou Hsu, Yen-Zhen Chen, Yu-Wen Huang, Alvin Chen, Wei-Ming Leu","doi":"10.1093/pcp/pcag050","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pcp/pcag050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The leaves of the carnivorous plant Byblis guehoi are densely covered with structurally simple sessile trichomes, each composed of eight flattened cells arranged in a ring. These trichomes exhibit robust protein exocytosis and endocytosis, making them a suitable system for studying these processes. To track protein secretion, we established an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol using root explants. Calli were induced on Byblis callus induction medium, and transgenic shoots were regenerated within two months on hygromycin-containing Byblis selection and regeneration medium. In addition, a temporary immersion system was implemented to rapidly propagate transgenic lines, enhancing growth and facilitating acclimation. Four 35S promoter-driven constructs expressing β-glucuronidase, betalain reporter (RUBY), modified green fluorescent protein (mGFP), or CLAVATA3 signal peptide fusion modified green fluorescent protein (CLV3sp-mGFP5) validated the protocol, yielding transformation efficiencies of 24.9%-59.4% and regeneration efficiencies of 22.3%-73.7%. Confocal microscopy revealed predominantly cytoplasmic signals for mGFP5 and plasma membrane-localized signals for CLV3sp-mGFP5 in epidermal cells. Unexpectedly, both constructs exhibited GFP signals at the plasma membrane and in the extracellular space of sessile trichome cells, regardless of the presence of a signal peptide. Western blot analysis further confirmed that mGFP5 was secreted into the mucilage independently of signal peptide presence. These findings reveal signal peptide-independent extracellular protein accumulation in glandular trichomes, deviating from the classical endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi pathway. Given that sessile trichomes of B. guehoi possess a specialized cuticular pore lacking a rigid cell wall, this structural feature may provide a plausible interface for nonclassical protein export. This study establishes a rapid transformation-propagation pipeline for B. guehoi, highlighting its potential as an experimental platform for investigating protein secretion in plant glandular cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":20575,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Cell Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1210-1224"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147723509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiplex PCR based detection methods of common plant transgenes.","authors":"Atsuko Iuchi, Satoshi Iuchi, Yukie Aso, Hiroshi Abe, Masatomo Kobayashi, Taiji Kawakatsu","doi":"10.1093/pcp/pcag089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcag089","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20575,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Cell Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148606962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A conserved sequence insert of fibrillins is involved in plastoglobule association and lipid binding.","authors":"Kiran-Kumar Shivaiah, Roselane Kithan-Lundquist, April K Kaneshiro, Duncan M Boren, Febri A Susanto, Andres Herrera-Tequia, Josh V Vermaas, Peter K Lundquist","doi":"10.1093/pcp/pcag047","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pcp/pcag047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plastoglobule lipid droplets of chloroplasts serve complex roles affecting plant development, stress tolerance, and photosynthesis. They harbor a set of ~40 proteins that collectively dictate plastoglobule functions. Due to the monolayer structure of plastoglobules, which encompasses a neutral lipid core, these proteins must associate monotopically on the plastoglobule surface. However, targeting determinants have not been identified for plastoglobule proteins, and the protein-membrane interaction mechanisms that establish the plastoglobule proteome remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that most plastoglobule-localized fibrillins (FBNs) harbor an extra sequence insert with a predicted amphipathic helical structure placed at the lip of the β-barrel. Deletions of the insert in two plastoglobule-targeted FBNs disrupts their localization, indicating that the inserts are necessary for effective plastoglobule association. Molecular dynamics simulations support the specific interaction of the amphipathic helical insert of AtFBN1a with membranes rich in lipid-packing defects, which are expected to be especially prevalent on the tightly curved surface of plastoglobules. Proteomic analyses indicate that AtFBN1a influences the plastoglobule proteome through outcompeting and recruiting specific proteins. We also demonstrate that the plastoglobule-localized FBNs, AtFBN1a and AtFBN7a, bind unsaturated fatty acids (FAs), particularly C18:1, and that elimination of the amphipathic helical inserts suppresses FA binding in AtFBN1a but promotes FA binding in AtFBN7a. Predicted amphipathic helices can be identified on two-thirds of plastoglobule proteins, which indicates that the use of amphipathic helices may be a general mechanism by which proteins selectively associate with plastoglobules.</p>","PeriodicalId":20575,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Cell Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1181-1199"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13409515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147691826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2b proteins of highly virulent cucumber mosaic virus strains are associated with suppression of DCL4 activity.","authors":"Toshiyuki Fukuhara, Shuhei Miyashita, Nobuhiro Suzuki, Hideki Takahashi","doi":"10.1093/pcp/pcag036","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pcp/pcag036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>RNA silencing constitutes a fundamental antiviral defense mechanism in plants. Although its role in virus resistance has been extensively studied, the relationship between the dicing activity of Dicer-an essential enzyme in RNA silencing-and antiviral defense remains unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we previously established a simple in vitro dicing assay that enables the direct assessment of the activities of two Dicers, DCL3 and DCL4. We hypothesized that this assay could reveal how viral infection modulates DCL3 and DCL4 activities. Here, we report a negative correlation between NbDCL4 activity and symptom severity using the Nicotiana benthamiana-cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) system. We demonstrate that NbDCL4 activity is specifically suppressed in plants infected with highly virulent subgroup I (sg I) strains of CMV. In vitro dicing assays and small RNA sequencing analyses further reveal that NbDCL4 activity toward long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) remains unaffected, whereas its activity toward shorter dsRNAs (~50 nt) is markedly inhibited in CMV(sg I)-infected plants. Subsequent analyses using a 2b-deficient disarmed mutant and a less virulent subgroup II strain of CMV indicate that this inhibition is mediated by the sg I 2b protein, a viral suppressor of RNA silencing. Taken together, these findings provide mechanistic insights into the molecular basis of CMV virulence, suggesting that the severe symptoms induced by highly virulent CMV strains are, at least in part, attributable to 2b-mediated inhibition of DCL4 activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20575,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Cell Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1099-1110"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147499697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A synteny conserved TATA binding protein 2-associated long intergenic non-coding RNA influences leaf development and ABA response in Arabidopsis thaliana.","authors":"Byanka Sthefany Espinoza-López, Jesús Nieto-Hernández, Ángel Eduardo Quezada-Eguía, Susana Isabel Vargas-Camacho, Jaime Aportela-Cortez, José Luis Reyes, Catalina Arenas-Huertero","doi":"10.1093/pcp/pcag040","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pcp/pcag040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long non-coding RNAs are molecules with regulatory potential that are involved in many biological processes in plants. Despite their significant role, only a limited number has been studied in detail. Here, we describe at the molecular and bioinformatics levels a TBP2-associated long intergenic non-coding RNA (TALIR) encoded upstream of TATA-binding protein 2 (TBP2) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Downregulation of TALIR leads to plants with reduced leaf and rosette size, as well as decreased lateral root density. The expression of TBP2 in talir mutant lines was higher than in wild-type (WT), affecting the timing of expression of miR396 and GRF2, as well as miR156 and SPL9; these dysregulations may in part contribute to the altered leaf size observed. Transcriptional evidence from the TBP2 locus suggests the presence of a putative TALIR ortholog gene, which is conserved across the Brassicaceae, Eutremeae, and Camelineae tribes at the DNA sequence and synteny levels. Furthermore, TALIR is upregulated upon ABA and NaCl treatments in WT plants, while talir mutants exhibit insensitivity to ABA during germination. Together, these findings expand current knowledge of lncRNAs and provide new insights into the regulation of miR396 and miR156 in the control of leaf growth. Further, the evolutionary conservation of TALIR among tribes within the Brassicaceae family suggests a conserved functional role in this group of plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":20575,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Cell Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1137-1150"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147513892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}