Plant and Cell Physiology最新文献

{"title":"GAMETE EXPRESSED PROTEIN1 ortholog in Marchantia polymorpha is essential for male pronucleus formation in fertilized egg cells.","authors":"Kayano Toume, Sakura Eizuka, Yuki Tomita, Takashi Araki, Shohei Yamaoka, Ayaka Yabe, Nichika Nagashima, Naoki Minamino, Takashi Ueda, Shuh-Ichi Nishikawa","doi":"10.1093/pcp/pcag142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcag142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>GAMETE EXPRESSED PROTEIN1 (GEX1) is a gamete nuclear membrane protein essential for nuclear fusion during sexual reproduction in Arabidopsis thaliana. GEX1 orthologs have been identified in several terrestrial plants. The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, which uses motile gametes (spermatozoids) for fertilization, possesses a GEX1 homolog, M. polymorpha GEX1 (MpGEX1). In the present study, we investigated the function of MpGEX1 in M. polymorpha. MpGEX1 is expressed during both male and female gametogenesis. During male gametogenesis, MpGEX1 was detected in the nuclear envelope of spermatogenous cells and spermatids but not in mature spermatozoids. In female plants, MpGEX1 was detected in the nuclear envelope of mature egg cells. Mpgex1 mutant strains were not defective in egg or spermatozoid​ formation. However, Mpgex1 mutant female plants were defective in fertilization when crossed with wild-type spermatozoids. In fertilized egg cells, the male pronucleus, formed from the sperm nucleus, fuses with the female nucleus. However, fertilized Mpgex1 mutant egg cells lack an egg cell-derived nuclear envelope in their male pronuclei. The aberrant pronuclei were elongated or oval and remained separated from female nuclei. Fertilized Mpgex1 mutant egg cells do not undergo zygotic cell divisions. Female-derived mCitrine-MpGEX1 was transiently localized to the male pronucleus shortly after fertilization in females. These results demonstrate that maternally supplied MpGEX1 is essential for male pronucleus formation in M. polymorpha. Our findings reveal a novel role for the plant GEX1 ortholog in fertilization, suggesting the functional diversification of this conserved protein family during the evolution of plant fertilization mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":20575,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Cell Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The interplay between photoperiod and the circadian clock during vegetative growth.","authors":"Jiancun Chen, Nidhi Mishra, Andres Romanowski","doi":"10.1093/pcp/pcag140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcag140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photoperiod, the duration of the daily light phase, is a key seasonal signal that shapes vegetative growth in plants. While its role in controlling the transition to flowering has been extensively characterised, the mechanisms through which photoperiod modulates processes such as hypocotyl elongation, leaf expansion, root growth, and carbon allocation during the vegetative phase are only now coming into focus. Understanding these mechanisms is critical, as the vegetative phase establishes the architecture and resources needed for reproduction. Recent work has revealed that plants possess distinct daylength-measurement mechanisms for flowering and vegetative growth, with twilight-length sensing as a complementary mechanism. The circadian clock translates these signals into daily growth rhythms by restricting growth-promoting factors to defined time windows that widen or narrow depending on daylength, contributing to different growth outcomes between short and long photoperiods. Photoperiod further shapes the daily carbon budget, with opposing energy-sensing pathways dynamically adjusting growth to match carbon availability across the day-night cycle. In this review, we examine how photoperiod regulates vegetative growth in Arabidopsis thaliana, from daylength-measurement systems through clock-controlled transcriptional cascades that drive organ elongation and competitive shade avoidance responses, to carbon economy and stress tolerance. We consider how photoperiod modulates responses to temperature extremes, drought, and salinity, and survey emerging evidence from crops and trees. Finally, we discuss chronoculture, propose experimental recommendations, and highlight outstanding questions for the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":20575,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Cell Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149183945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The symbiosome-localised aquaporin GmNOD26 functions as a non-selective monovalent cation channel capable of transporting NH4+ in heterologous systems.","authors":"Nicholas J Booth, Sunita A Ramesh, Kathleen L Soole, David A Day, Stephen D Tyerman","doi":"10.1093/pcp/pcag136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcag136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Legumes have developed a symbiotic relationship with soil bacteria known collectively as rhizobia, which when present in root nodules fix atmospheric nitrogen into a form usable by the plant. The functioning unit of symbiotic nitrogen fixation is referred to as the symbiosome and the membrane separating symbionts acts to regulate the metabolite exchange within the root nodule cells. The efflux of fixed nitrogen from the symbiosome is through an unidentified non-selective cation channel, which is inwardly rectified by cytosolic Mg2+ and has a preference for ammonium. Expression of Nodulin 26 (NOD26), a major component of the soybean symbiosome membrane, in Xenopus laevis oocytes reveals monovalent cation-induced currents. These currents display time- and voltage dependent characteristic similar to those previously observed in patch-clamp studies of the symbiosome membrane and exhibited an apparent monovalent cation preference of NH4+ > methylammonium (MeA+) ≥ K+ > Na+ ≥ C5H15NO+. GmNOD26-mediated currents in X. laevis oocytes were inhibited by divalent cations and inhibited by phosphorylation at serine 262. Together, these findings demonstrate that GmNOD26 functions as a non-selective cation channel capable of facilitating ammonium transport in nitrogen-fixing soybean nodules. Furthermore, pronounced inhibition of GmNOD26 by divalent cations provides as likely explanation for why monovalent cation-induced currents have not previously been characterised in GmNOD26-expressing X. laevis oocytes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20575,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Cell Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149128351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diverse Stability and Independent Trafficking of XyG-Synthesizing Glycosyltransferases in Distinct Golgi cisternae.","authors":"Ning Zhang, Kayla Uthe, Olga A Zabotina","doi":"10.1093/pcp/pcag139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcag139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Xyloglucan (XyGs), a plant-derived polysaccharide, supports gut health, is widely used as a food additive with stabilizing and gelling properties, and is increasingly being explored for drug delivery applications. XyG-synthesizing glycosyltransferases (GTs) are localized to Golgi, and their protein-protein interactions suggest the formation of multiprotein complexes; however, the mechanisms underlying protein complex assembly and transport, protein stability and degradation remain unknown. By employing the transient expression of YFP-fused GTs along with a cis-Golgi marker and generating fluorescence intensity profiles, we demonstrated the differential distribution of GTs in Golgi apparatus. The GTs half-lives were estimated using treatments with the protein synthesis inhibitor CHX. It was observed that the GTs exhibit distinct half-lives and, based on their turnover rates, display an apparent trend toward two groups. Our findings revealed that cellulose synthase-like C4 (CSLC4), galactosyltransferase (MUR3), and fucosyltransferase (FUT1) exhibit longer stability. In contrast, XyG xylosyltransferases XXT1, XXT2, XXT5, and galactosyltransferase XLT2 tend to have shorter half-lives. We also uncovered that protein-protein interactions among XyG-synthesizing GTs are not prerequisites for Golgi localization and our data are consistent with a model in which XyG-synthesizing GTs can reach the Golgi independently of their known interacting partners, exhibiting distinct sub-Golgi localization that shapes multiprotein complex assembly in specific cisternae. This spatial organization governs partner GT access and residence time for functional efficiency, while GT half-life variations regulate stability and interaction dynamics. Collectively, these factors provide a critical framework for independent operation and coordinated organization of Golgi-resident XyG-synthesizing proteins.</p>","PeriodicalId":20575,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Cell Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in single-cell proteomics: label-free quantification of over 3500 protein groups from individual Arabidopsis thaliana seedling cells.","authors":"Sara Christina Stolze, Anne Harzen, Christoph Krisp, Hirofumi Nakagami","doi":"10.1093/pcp/pcag138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcag138","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20575,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Cell Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Convergent Retention of VIPP1 over PspA in Photosynthetic Lineages.","authors":"Alexandre Muhire, Ming-Yang Ho, Wataru Sakamoto","doi":"10.1093/pcp/pcag131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcag131","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20575,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Cell Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Mitochondrial AtPHT3;3 Transporter Is Required for Resource Allocation During Late Embryo Development and Seed Maturation.","authors":"Monica Borghi, Björn Hielscher, Saroj Parmar, Malcolm J Hawkesford, Alisdair R Fernie, Andreas P M Weber, Nicole Linka","doi":"10.1093/pcp/pcag137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcag137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mitochondrial transport processes are critical for oxidative phosphorylation; however, the physiological roles of many members of the plant mitochondrial carrier family remain poorly characterized. In Arabidopsis thaliana, three PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER 3 (PHT3) proteins are identified as potential mitochondrial phosphate carriers, but only PHT3;1 and PHT3;2 have been investigated. Here, we examined the least studied member of this family, AtPHT3;3, which exhibits elevated expression in reproductive tissues. After confirming the subcellular localization of PHT3;3 to mitochondria, we performed investigations on two T-DNA insertion alleles, pht3;3-1 and pht3;3-2 by integrating physiological, metabolomics, and phylogenetics analysis. Both mutants exhibited higher rates of aborted and missing seeds, embryonic arrest at the early torpedo stage, and impaired seedling growth. These phenotypes were partially restored through complementation with a constitutively expressed AtPHT3;3 transgene. Metabolite profiling of pre-anthesis and post-anthesis flowers revealed significant accumulation of glycolytic intermediates and altered pools of amino acids and organic acids in the pht3;3 mutants, indicating that loss of AtPHT3;3 is associated with changes in primary metabolism. Phylogenetic and protein sequence analyses showed that AtPHT3;3 diverged from AtPHT3;1 and AtPHT3;2, sharing ancestry with yeast Pic2 and human SLC25A3. However, the transport substrate and biochemical activity of AtPHT3;3 remain to be established. Overall, these findings identified AtPHT3;3 as a mitochondrial carrier protein required for late embryo development, seed formation and seedling performance, and reproductive-tissue metabolism. These results highlight the importance of mitochondrial transport processes in plant reproductive development.</p>","PeriodicalId":20575,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Cell Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Haplotype-Phased Chromosome-Scale Genome Assemblies of Satsuma mandarin Uncover Structural and Transcriptional Divergence Between Parental Haplotypes and Structural Variations in Mutant Lineages.","authors":"Yoshihiro Kawahara, Sachiko Isobe, Hiroshi Fujii, Kenta Shirasawa, Yukinari Kiryu, Tomoaki Watanabe, Yumiko Teramoto, Takehiko Shimada, Tomoko Endo","doi":"10.1093/pcp/pcag133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcag133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Citrus, a widely cultivated Rutaceae crop, comprises numerous varieties, among which Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) is the most widely cultivated in Japan. In this study, a high-quality, chromosome-scale, haplotype-phased genome assembly of Satsuma mandarin (\"Miyagawa wase\") was generated using PacBio HiFi sequencing, Omni-C scaffolding, and a trio binning strategy incorporating its parental genomes (Kishu mandarin (C. kinokuni) and Kunenbo mandarin (C. nobilis)). This approach enabled the complete separation of parental haplotypes. To obtain accurate gene models, we performed long-read transcriptome sequencing across eight tissues and developmental stages, producing comprehensive gene annotations for each haploid genome. Comparative genomic analyses of the two haplotypes revealed extensive structural divergence, multiple sequence polymorphisms, and large insertions/deletions enriched for long terminal repeat retrotransposons. Whole-genome graph-based analysis and synteny comparisons further identified chromosome-specific patterns of sequence diversity, providing new insights into the evolutionary origins of Satsuma mandarin haplotypes. Transcriptome analyses uncovered widespread allele-specific gene expression and tissue-dependent regulatory divergence between the two parental haplotypes; notably, mature fruit tissue exhibited pronounced haplotype-biased transcription, suggesting differential contributions from Kishu- and Kunenbo-derived alleles during fruit maturation. Additionally, comparative genomic analyses of bud sport and nucellar embryony mutant lineages revealed haplotype-specific patterns of variation, providing insights into mutation accumulation during vegetative propagation and nucellar embryony in clonal citrus cultivars. This fully haplotype-phased genomic and transcriptomic resource, which has been implemented in MiGD2 (https://mikan.dna.naro.go.jp), provides a powerful foundation for genome-assisted breeding, identification of functional and lineage-specific alleles, and elucidation of mutation-derived variation in Japanese citrus cultivars.</p>","PeriodicalId":20575,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Cell Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NanoLuciferase Reporter Assays to Investigate Protein Dynamics and Circadian Clock Regulation in the Diatom Model Species Phaeodactylum tricornutum.","authors":"Lucie Charreton, Soizic Cheminant-Navarro, Raphaël Monteil, Raphaël Aguillon, Christina Arvanitidou, Marianne Jaubert, Angela Falciatore","doi":"10.1093/pcp/pcag135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcag135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adaptation to environmental variations is crucial for organisms to optimize cellular and metabolic functions and ensure survival. A fundamental endogenous mechanism underlying this adaptation is the circadian clock, which coordinates the timing of diverse biological processes with the daily environmental cycle. The circadian system that regulates daily patterns of gene expression and protein dynamics has been extensively studied in terrestrial organisms, yet it remains poorly understood in prominent eukaryotic phytoplankton organisms such as diatoms. Progress has been limited so far by the lack of automated, sensitive tools to monitor gene expression dynamics and circadian rhythms. To address this gap, we here leveraged the NanoLuciferase (NLuc) reporter to investigate circadian regulation in diatoms, focusing on the first identified diatom clock component RITMO1 as a molecular readout. We created transgenic lines in the model species Phaeodactylum tricornutum that express either transcriptional RITMO1p::NLuc or translational RITMO1p::RITMO1:NLuc fusions. Our results show that while NLuc is not suitable for transcriptional studies, it is highly effective for tracking diatom protein dynamics. In vivo assays revealed that RITMO1:NLuc faithfully recapitulates the diel rhythms of the endogenous protein and that the proteasome contributes to its degradation, during dark periods. Additionally, we established a protocol for continuous, automated in vitro luminescence monitoring and showed that RITMO1:NLuc expression profile can be used as a tool for studying circadian rhythms in diatoms. These methods can be adapted to other algae and cell lines, aiding the characterization of still-unexplored clock systems in organisms that shape aquatic ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":20575,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Cell Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breeding on Time: Plant Chronobiology in the Face of Climate Change.","authors":"Cèlia Anton-Sales, Edouard Severing, C Robertson McClung, Marieke Jeuken, Guusje Bonnema","doi":"10.1093/pcp/pcag134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcag134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When considering the future of agriculture, one envisions the effects of climate crisis placing unprecedented pressure on our food systems. Temperature fluctuations are expected to reach extremes; droughts, floods and severe weather events occurring more often. Overall, environmental signals will become less predictable, less reliable. Plants have highly accurate environmental sensing and signalling mechanisms, allowing them to predict, adjust, and acclimate to diverse environmental cues. In crops, these systems will be key to adjusting to the conditions imposed by the climate crisis. Of these, the circadian clock plays two key complementary roles: first, it is entrained by environmental signals such as light and temperature, which reset its phase to maintain daily alignment with the external environment; second, it gates biological processes including flowering, growth, and stress responses to specific times of day or season, optimising them according to predictable environmental cycles. Both functions directly correlate with fitness and yield, and represent promising but underexplored targets for developing climate-resilient crops. In this review, we compile current knowledge at the intersection of circadian clocks and environmental responses, namely light and temperature sensing and signalling mechanisms in model and non-model species. In addition, we identify knowledge gaps and describe the potential for plant chronobiology findings to be applied in breeding programmes to ultimately aid the development of climate-resilient crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":20575,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Cell Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149081687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}