Preventive veterinary medicine最新文献

{"title":"The use of scenario tree models in support of animal health surveillance: A scoping review","authors":"Gary Delalay ,&nbsp;Dima Farra ,&nbsp;John Berezowski ,&nbsp;Maria Guelbenzu-Gonzalo ,&nbsp;Tanja Knific ,&nbsp;Xhelil Koleci ,&nbsp;Aurélien Madouasse ,&nbsp;Filipe Maximiano Sousa ,&nbsp;Eleftherios Meletis ,&nbsp;Victor Henrique Silva de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Inge Santman-Berends ,&nbsp;Francesca Scolamacchia ,&nbsp;Petter Hopp ,&nbsp;Luis Pedro Carmo","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Scenario tree modelling is a well-known method used to evaluate the confidence of freedom from infection or to assess the sensitivity of a surveillance system in detecting an infection at a certain design prevalence. It facilitates the use of data from various sources and the inclusion of risk factors into calculations, while still obtaining quantitative estimates of surveillance sensitivity and probability of freedom.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We conducted a scoping review to identify scenario tree models (STMs) applied to assess freedom from infection in veterinary medicine, characterize their use, parameterisation, reporting and potential limitations.</div></div><div><h3>Eligibility criteria</h3><div>We included published scientific articles and grey literature that were a) neither reviews nor expert opinions, b) aimed to assess freedom from infection, provided methods to assess it, or aimed to estimate the sensitivity of a surveillance program for early detection of an infection at a design prevalence, c) targeted infection in animals and d) used scenario tree modelling. The search covered documents published between January 2006 and August 2021.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Several search methods were used to retrieve scientific articles and grey literature relevant to the subject. The search strategy included searching in scientific databases and/or grey literature repositories, contacting experts across the world that previously worked with STMs and retrieving citations from relevant reviews.</div></div><div><h3>Results and discussion</h3><div>Four hundred twenty-four distinct documents were retrieved with our search string. After screening, data was extracted from 99 documents representing 67 projects. Forty different animal diseases were modelled with STMs, the most represented being infections with tuberculous <em>Mycobacterium</em> sp., Avian Influenza A virus and <em>Brucella</em> sp. STMs were mostly used for diseases of cattle, swine and wild mammals. Results showed that STMs were used in a large variety of studies, are very versatile and were used in disparate frameworks. However, we also found that studies are not reported in a standardized way and often lack important information. This makes results hard to interpret, compare and reproduce. Additionally, we identified common assumptions and misconceptions, the most important ones regarding sensitivity and specificity, which could have an impact on the results of the studies using STMs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We recommend the elaboration of internationally agreed guidelines about how to report results from STMs in a uniform manner. Such guidelines should include information on the study setting, procedures and analyses, but also on how the results could be interpreted concerning freedom from infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 106371"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142688472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causes of abortion in Iranian goat herds and associated risk factors","authors":"Hossein Esmaeili ,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Ghorani ,&nbsp;Zeinab Hamidiya ,&nbsp;Seyed Mehdi Joghataei ,&nbsp;Sergio Villanueva-Saz ,&nbsp;Delia Lacasta","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Abortion imposes a substantial economic burden on the global small ruminant industry, not only reducing herd productivity but also contributing to the spread of zoonotic diseases. This study examines the primary factors associated with abortion, both infectious and non-infectious, in 623 goat herds across Iran. A comprehensive evaluation was performed, incorporating herd history, laboratory results, and statistical analyses using univariate tests and multivariable binary logistic regression. Key findings revealed significant associations with abortion, including previous abortion history, gestational age of the aborted foetus, routine veterinary visits, mineral supplementation, and vaccination practices. Non-infectious factors, such as pregnancy toxemia, goiter, and deficiencies in vitamin E/selenium, were identified in herds with a low abortion prevalence (&lt;10 %). Among the 623 herds studied, 277 (44.5 %) exhibited an abortion prevalence below 2 %, considered within normal limits, while the remaining 346 herds (55.5 %) experienced pathological abortion rates exceeding 2 %. The definitive cause of abortion was determined in 227 of the 346 abortion outbreaks analysed, accounting for 65.6 % of the cases. Infectious agents were identified in 40.7 % of the herds with abortion rates exceeding 2 %, with <em>Brucella melitensis</em> (9.5 %), <em>Chlamydia abortus</em> (7.8 %), and <em>Coxiella burnetii</em> (5.2 %) being the most prevalent pathogens. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis revealed significant associations between abortion and several factors, including birth (OR=2.01, 95 % CI: 1.05–3.89, P=0.036), previous abortion history (OR=14.5, 95 % CI: 6.01–37.3, P&lt;0.001), gestational age of the aborted foetus (OR=3.07, 95 % CI: 1.63–5.89, P&lt;0.001), routine veterinary visits (OR=0.16, 95 % CI: 0.09–0.27, P&lt;0.001), vaccination (OR=0.25, 95 % CI: 0.11–0.53, P&lt;0.001), and mineral supplementation (OR=0.36, 95 % CI: 0.21–0.62, P&lt;0.001). These findings underscore the diverse causes of abortion in Iranian goat herds, emphasizing the need to improve farmer awareness and access to commercial vaccines targeting infectious abortion agents to enhance herd productivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 106381"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of dried blood spots for serological surveys of myxoma and rabbit hemorrhagic disease viruses in their wild reservoir","authors":"Joana Ferreira-e-Silva ,&nbsp;Saúl Jiménez-Ruiz ,&nbsp;Marisa Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Emídio Santos ,&nbsp;Sabrina Castro-Scholten ,&nbsp;Vitor Lizana ,&nbsp;Alba Martí-Marco ,&nbsp;Tereza Almeida ,&nbsp;Ana M. Lopes ,&nbsp;Joana Abrantes ,&nbsp;Juan Bárcena ,&nbsp;Esther Blanco ,&nbsp;Carlos Rouco ,&nbsp;Ignacio García-Bocanegra ,&nbsp;Paulo Célio Alves ,&nbsp;Nuno Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Myxoma (MYXV) and rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHDV) viruses are pathogens of economic relevance for cuniculture and conservation concern for wild European rabbits (<em>Oryctolagus cuniculus</em>), recently classified as ‘Endangered’ in its native range. Large-scale serological surveys, facilitated by sample collection using dried blood spots (DBS), allow monitoring seroprevalence in the wild reservoir but require evaluating the technique for the host and pathogen of interest. This study aimed to evaluate Protein Saver 903 DBS for MYXV and RHDV (genotype GI.2) serological surveys in European rabbits. Paired serum and DBS collected from 172 rabbits harvested or found dead in the Iberian Peninsula were tested for IgG antibodies specific against MYXV and RHDV GI.2 using indirect ELISA. We found an almost perfect agreement between serum and DBS for MYXV (Cohen's κ=0.914, CI₉₅ 0.847 – 0.981) and a strong agreement for RHDV GI.2 (Cohen's κ=0.808, CI₉₅=0.722 – 0.893). The diagnostic sensitivity of DBS was 95.4 % (CI₉₅ 90.3 – 97.9 %) for MYXV and 82.1 % (CI₉₅ 73.2 – 88.5 %) for RHDV GI.2. The diagnostic specificity and positive predictive value were 100 % for both pathogens. This study supports DBS as a suitable sampling strategy for serological surveys of antibodies specific to MYXV and RHDV GI.2 in European rabbits, which generally agrees with results from other hosts and pathogens where this technique was evaluated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 106369"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographic risk of classical swine fever in non-free regions in Brazil","authors":"Paulo Gomes do Nascimento Corrêa ,&nbsp;Pedro Ferreira de Sousa Júnior ,&nbsp;Francisco Alyson Silva Oliveira ,&nbsp;Glenda Lídice de Oliveira Cortez Marinho ,&nbsp;David Germano Gonçalves Schwarz","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brazil is the fourth largest producer and exporter of pork in the world, standing out for its potential to increase pig production nationwide. Among the diseases that can severely compromise trade relations and cause significant losses in pig production in Brazil, Classical Swine Fever (CSF) is notable for being a highly contagious viral disease with high potential for spreading among domestic and wild pigs, wild boars, and peccaries. The present study aimed to identify high-risk regions for CSF in Brazil through spatial, temporal, and spatiotemporal analyses from 2000 to 2023. During this period, 3189 cases of CSF were detected, all reported exclusively in states within the CSF non-free zone. The Northeast region accounted for 90.31 % (2880/3189) of the total CSF cases, with Ceará reporting the highest number of cases at 1475 (46.25 %), of which 810 were reported in 2018 alone. The North region accounted for 9.69 % (309/3189) of the total cases, with the states of Pará and Amapá being the only ones to report cases of the disease. Temporal trend analysis identified an increase in Piauí (Annual Percentage Change [APC]: 25.58 %), Alagoas (APC: 28.01 %), and Ceará (APC: 17.99 %), a decreasing trend for Pernambuco (APC: 24.49 %), Paraíba (APC: 19.35 %), and Rio Grande do Norte (APC: 11.85 %), and stability in Maranhão (APC: 0.17 %), Pará (APC: 1.61 %), and Amapá (APC: 15.52 %). The spatiotemporal analysis identified the formation of two high-risk clusters: the primary cluster occurred in the Northeast region, specifically in the states of Ceará, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, and Alagoas, between 2018 and 2019, with a total of 1556 CSF cases and Relative Risk (RRs) of 120.02. The secondary cluster was formed by the states of Rondônia, Acre, Amazônia, Roraima, Pará, Amapá, and Mato Grosso, located in the North and part of the Midwest region, for the year 2009, with a total of 309 cases and an RRs of 29.89. In conclusion, the Northeast region is considered high-risk for the emergence of new CSF cases, highlighting the states of Ceará and Piauí, which can be considered important sources of CSF virus spread to other Brazilian states, alerting authorities to the need for disease control actions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 106368"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A network evaluation of human and animal movement data across multiple swine farm systems in North America","authors":"Tara Prezioso ,&nbsp;Alicia Boakes ,&nbsp;Jeff Wrathall ,&nbsp;W. Jonas Reger ,&nbsp;Suman Bhowmick ,&nbsp;Rebecca Lee Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The U.S. swine industry is vulnerable to the rapid spread of disease due to systemic structural issues. While animal movement networks are used to identify disease spread risks and design response plans, human movement between farms were rarely accounted for. Human movements, when integrated with animal movement models, create a different, more inclusive, and accurate network structure when compared to animal movements alone.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>One year of propriety farm visit data was analyzed and consisted of anonymized property IDs, location, and user/truck IDs, along with visit dates, property, vehicle, and entry types from three swine management companies. A static directed network was created using the igraph package in R for all movements, with separate sub-networks for each entry type (animal, human, and subsets of vehicle types). Network statistics for each sub-network were compared.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The full network included 455 properties, 11 property types, 9 vehicle types, 12 entry types, and 320001 edges (trips between properties). The longest path length was 10 in the animal movement network but decreased to 5 for the full and human movement network, while the average path length decreased from 3.2 to 2.2. Edge density increased from 0.03 to 0.09 for the human network and 0.1 for the full network. For all network properties examined, the full and human movement networks demonstrated higher connectivity than the animal network. A heavy right skew in the degree distributions indicates a 'hub' structure (scale-free-like network) and the shorter path lengths indicates a small-world network topology.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The full network is very well connected, more so than expected based on animal movement alone. Hubs may indicate points of disease susceptibility and 'super-spreader' properties. The high connectivity shows that swine farm networks may be more susceptible to spread of an introduced disease than expected from previous analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Monitoring human, as well as animal movement, provides for a more complete and accurate understanding of swine farm biosecurity risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 106370"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of bovine herpesvirus 1 in smallholder dairy farms in two districts of Gondar zones, North-West Ethiopia","authors":"Tsegaye Asredie Kolech ,&nbsp;Yoseph Kerie Kebede ,&nbsp;Sefinew Alemu Mekonnen","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is the infectious agent that causes infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), a disease affecting the reproductive and respiratory systems of cattle. Significant economic losses result from infectious bovine rhinotracheitis because of metritis, abortions, placenta retention, recurrent breeding, animal deaths, and losses from trade restrictions. Reports of the diseases have been made in southern, southwestern and in major cities that kept improved breed of dairy cows in Ethiopia with prevalence ranging from 28.5–67 %. However, there is insufficient information available regarding the frequency and spread of IBR in the northwest part of the nation. In northwest Ethiopia, a cross-sectional study was carried out to estimate seroprevalence of BoHV-1 and identify associated risk factors. Dairy farms and farm owners were chosen using a multistage cluster sampling technique, while dairy cattle were chosen using a simple random sample technique. Four hundred and thirty-one dairy cattle from 177 herds in the Debark and Lay-Armachiho districts in the North and Central Gondar zones, respectively, both in Northwestern Ethiopia, were selected to provide serum samples. Owners of dairy animals provided information via questionnaires. Using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA), anti-BoHV-1 antibodies were detected in serum samples. To identify risk factors, univariable and multivariable mixed effect logistic regression models were used. We calculated animal level and herd level seroprevalence of 72 % (95 % CI: 64.9–78.4 %) and 85.7 % (95 % CI: 79.8–90 %), respectively. Parity was associated with seroprevalence of BoHV-1; cows with higher parity had increased seroprevalence of BoHV-1. Bull mating [OR=3.13, (95 % CI: 1.74–5.64)] compared to AI and Debark district [OR=2.73 (95 % CI: 1.63–4.57)] compared to Lay-Armachiho district, were associated with seroprevalence of BoHV-1. The study had shown that BoHV-1 is circulating out of the major cities and also on dairy farms keeping local breeds of dairy cows in Gondar zones, North-West Ethiopia. This suggests need of attention in prevention and control of BoHV-1.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 106367"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring of Leishmania infantum exposure in the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus)","authors":"Jesús Barbero-Moyano ,&nbsp;Javier Caballero-Gómez ,&nbsp;Moisés Gonzálvez ,&nbsp;Remigio Martínez ,&nbsp;Inmaculada Moreno ,&nbsp;Eduardo Berriatua ,&nbsp;Marta Sánchez-Sánchez ,&nbsp;Jorge Paniagua ,&nbsp;Isabel Fernández-Veron ,&nbsp;María Teresa del Rey-Wamba ,&nbsp;Elena Crespo ,&nbsp;Juan I. Montoya-Oliver ,&nbsp;Javier Salcedo ,&nbsp;Maria A. Risalde ,&nbsp;Ignacio García-Bocanegra","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leishmaniosis, caused by phlebotomine sand fly-borne <em>Leishmania</em> spp., is a multi-host and zoonotic disease in tropical, subtropical and temperate climates, worldwide. <em>Leishmania infantum</em> is the only endemic pathogenic species in Europe, and exposure to this protozoan has previously been reported in a wide range of wild mammals, including felids. However, the information about the exposure of the threatened Iberian lynx (<em>Lynx pardinus</em>) to <em>L. infantum</em> is still very scarce. Consequently, the aims of the present large-scale epidemiological study were: (1) to evaluate the circulation of <em>L. infantum</em> in the free-ranging and captive Iberian lynx populations and (2) to investigate potential risk factors associated with <em>L. infantum</em> exposure during the study period, between 2010 and 2022. A total of 783 Iberian lynxes from captive (n = 296) and free-ranging (n = 487) populations were sampled from different areas of the Iberian Peninsula. Exposure to <em>L. infantum</em> (positive to indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) in serum and/or real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) in spleen samples) was detected in 80 of the 783 lynxes, so the estimated prevalence (95 % confidence limits) was 10.2 % (8.1–12.3 %). Specifically, anti-<em>Leishmania</em> antibodies were found in 12 of the 469 lynxes (2.6 %; 1.1–4.0 %) and <em>L. infantum</em> kDNA was detected in 68 of the 333 lynxes (20.4 %; 16.1–24.8 %) with a Ct range from 26.0 to 38.0 (median: 36.0). One seroconversion and one seroreversion were observed among the 42 Iberian lynxes longitudinally sampled. Phylogenetic analysis revealed high homology (99.9–100 %) with other <em>L. infantum</em> sequences obtained from wild rabbits (<em>Oryctolagus cuniculus</em>), Iberian hares (<em>Lepus granatensis</em>) and humans from Spain. The multivariate analysis identified the habitat status (free-ranging) and age (adult and subadult) as risk factors potentially associated with <em>L. infantum</em> exposure in Iberian lynxes. Our results indicate moderate and widespread circulation of this pathogen in the Iberian lynx populations, suggesting its potential role as spillover hosts in Iberian Mediterranean ecosystems. Additional studies are warranted to determine the clinical impact of <em>L. infantum</em> exposure in this threatened species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 106366"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple antibiotic resistance of Salmonella Infantis in the Peruvian poultry production chain: Detection in birds, the farming environment, and chicken carcasses","authors":"Sebastian Davalos ,&nbsp;Marlom Santa-Cruz ,&nbsp;Rosario Condori ,&nbsp;Jorge Rodriguez ,&nbsp;J.R. Lucas","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Poultry can act as a reservoir of <em>Salmonella enterica</em> serotype Infantis (<em>S</em>. Infantis) of clinical and epidemiological importance because it triggers foodborne disease outbreaks and presents antibiotic multiresistance. The present study aimed to determine antimicrobial resistance in <em>S</em>. Infantis isolates from poultry livers, litter and chicken carcasses from Lima, Peru, during 2022–2023. <em>S</em>. Infantis was isolated from 10.1 % (27/267), 4.7 % (4/86), and 8 % (2/25) of the bird, litter and carcass samples, respectively. All isolates showed resistance to nalidixic acid (NA). In addition, 94 %, 76 %, 70 %, 48 %, and 45 % of the isolates showed resistance to tetracycline (TET), amoxicillin (AMX), chloramphenicol (C), gentamicin (GEN) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TS), respectively. All isolates showed susceptibility to imipinem and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Of the isolates, 93.9 % displayed multidrug resistance. The most frequent resistance pattern was C-AMX-NA-GEN-TET (24.2 %, n=8), determined even from carcass isolates, followed by C-AMX-NA-TET (18.2 %, n=6), and C-AMX-NA-GEN-TS-TET (12.1 %, n=4). The presence of these multidrug-resistant <em>S</em>. Infantis isolates is a threat to food safety and public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 106364"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142604610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The herd-level prevalence of caprine arthritis-encephalitis and genetic characteristics of small ruminant lentivirus in the Lithuanian goat population","authors":"Saulius Petkevičius ,&nbsp;Patricija Klibavičė ,&nbsp;Algirdas Šalomskas ,&nbsp;Tomas Kupčinskas ,&nbsp;Agata Moroz-Fik ,&nbsp;Kinga Biernacka ,&nbsp;Marcin Mickiewicz ,&nbsp;Zofia Nowek ,&nbsp;László Ózsvári ,&nbsp;Krisztina Bárdos ,&nbsp;Snorre Stuen ,&nbsp;Carlos Eduardo Abril ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Bertoni ,&nbsp;Jarosław Kaba ,&nbsp;Michał Czopowicz","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) is a progressive disease of goats caused by small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) and is considered as one of the most important threats for goat farming in developed countries. The disease prevalence has never been investigated in the Lithuanian goat population. Therefore, a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 2021–2022 to determine if SRLV infection was present in the Lithuanian goat population and, in the case of a positive result, to estimate the true herd-level prevalence of SRLV infection and specify genotypes and subtypes of SRLV responsible for the infection. Thirty goat herds counting &gt;5 adult goats were randomly selected and, in each herd, a representative sample of adult goats was blood-sampled and tested serologically for SRLV infection using a commercial ELISA. The herd was considered infected if at least one goat tested positive and the true herd-level prevalence of SRLV infection was estimated using the Bayesian approach. Seropositive animals were found in 17 / 30 herds (57 %; 95 % confidence interval: 39 %, 73 %). The true herd-level prevalence was 56 % (95 % credible interval: 36 %, 76 %). In 10 / 17 seropositive herds whose owners consented for resampling of seropositive goats, 1–5 seropositive goats were tested using the nested real-time PCR (nRT-PCR). Goats from 9 seropositive herds tested positive in the nRT-PCR: in 4 herds for genotype A, in 4 herds for genotype B, and in 1 herd – 2 goats for genotype B and 1 goat for genotype A. From each of 9 nRT-PCR-positive herds, 1 PCR product of each genotype was sequenced using Sanger method and the phylogenic tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining method in the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis software. Four herds turned out to be infected with B1 subtype (91 % identity with the prototypic strain), 3 herds with A2 subtype (90 %-92 % identity), and a herd with mixed infection was infected with B1 (91 % identity) and A2 subtype (90 % identity). In one herd, the only seropositive goat was found to be infected with the strain most closely related to the A1 subtype (80 % identity). This study shows for the first time that SRLV infection is present and widespread in the Lithuanian goat population and both classical SRLV genotypes, represented by quite typical subtypes A2 and B1, appear to be responsible for the infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 106363"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142560795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the spread of sulfachloropyridazine in poultry environment and its impact on Escherichia coli resistance","authors":"María Belén Vargas ,&nbsp;Ekaterina Pokrant ,&nbsp;Isidora García ,&nbsp;Rocío Cadena ,&nbsp;Francisco Mena ,&nbsp;Karina Yévenes ,&nbsp;Catalina Fuentes ,&nbsp;Sebastián Zavala ,&nbsp;Andrés Flores ,&nbsp;Matías Maturana ,&nbsp;Aldo Maddaleno ,&nbsp;Héctor Hidalgo ,&nbsp;Lisette Lapierre ,&nbsp;Javiera Cornejo","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sulfachloropyridazine (SCP) is an antimicrobial (AM) commonly used in the poultry industry. This drug is excreted as the original compound, which may accumulate in litter. This work was done to assess whether SCP residues from droppings of broiler chickens that were treated with therapeutic doses of this drug spread into the production environment and to determine if these events were associated with the selection of resistant bacteria. To this end, broiler chickens were raised under controlled conditions, and their droppings and litter were processed to detect and identify SCP residues using an HPLC-MS/MS technique. This study selected <em>Escherichia coli</em> as an indicator bacterium for AM resistance. Its phenotypic resistance was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, and its genotypic resistance was determined by performing a conventional PCR test. Our results showed that SCP residues did spread from the treated group to untreated sentinel groups because SCP residues in the litter reached levels up to 43.05 µg·kg⁻¹ in a group placed immediately adjoining to the treated group, while another group placed 30 cm away showed a concentration of 29.79 µg·kg⁻¹. Meanwhile, only trace concentrations were detected in droppings collected from sentinel groups. Of 239 strains of <em>E. coli</em> isolated from droppings, 12.13 % were resistant to sulfonamides, whereas 23.91 % of 92 <em>E. coli</em> isolated from broiler litter were resistant. The most prevalent resistance gene was the <em>sul</em>2 gene, both in droppings and litter, followed by the <em>sul</em>1 gene. The SCP concentrations were associated with the probability of <em>E. coli</em> being resistant to sulfonamides (p-value = 0.01). A Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) also showed that phenotypic and genotypic resistances were associated and that both genes <em>sul</em>1 and <em>sul</em>2 would determine phenotypic resistance to sulfonamides in <em>E. coli.</em> The results presented in this study show that inedible by-products of the poultry industry are potentially a source of drug resistance that can spread from the animal production line to the environment, so awareness of the correct use of antimicrobials is essential to combat antimicrobial resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 106362"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}