Preventive veterinary medicine最新文献

{"title":"A bayesian analysis of phage-based qPCR and liquid culture for the early detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in young dairy calves","authors":"José M. Hernández-Agudelo ,&nbsp;Cristóbal Verdugo ,&nbsp;Herman W. Barkema ,&nbsp;Pamela Steuer ,&nbsp;Carlos Tejeda ,&nbsp;Fernando Ulloa ,&nbsp;Miguel A. Salgado","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bovine paratuberculosis (PTB), caused by <em>Mycobacterium avium</em> subsp. <em>paratuberculosis</em> (MAP), is an endemic infectious disease causing significant economic losses, with infection typically occurring in the first months of life. However, early diagnostic in subclinical infected calves is challenging due to the paucibacillary nature and intermittent shedding of the pathogen, which limits the sensitivity (<em>Se)</em> of existing diagnostic tools. This study aimed to estimate and compare the diagnostic <em>Se</em> and specificity (<em>Sp)</em> of a Phage-Magnetic Separation (PhMS) qPCR assay against a qPCR-confirmed liquid culture for the early detection of MAP infection in young dairy calves. Using a Bayesian Latent Class Model (BLCM) that accounted for conditional dependence, we analyzed 528 fecal samples from dairy calves &lt; 60 days of age from 39 commercial herds in Chile. The model revealed that both tests have comparable moderate median <em>Se</em> (PhMS = 45 %; culture = 51 %) and high median <em>Sp</em> (PhMS = 98 %; culture = 100 %) for MAP detection. However, tests were strongly negatively correlated in MAP-infected animals (correlation coefficient, ρDPhMS,Cult = −0.66; 95 % Posterior probability interval [PPI]: −0.91 to −0.12). This strong negative correlation indicates that the tests tend to detect different subsets of the infected population, making them complementary when used in a parallel testing strategy to maximize joint sensitivity (<em>Sej</em>). The estimated mean true within-herd prevalence in calves was 13 % (95 % PPI: 8–22 %). Additionally, the <em>Sp</em> of PhMS-qPCR decreased in high-prevalence herds, possibly due to passive shedding of the pathogen. Critically, leveraging their complementary nature, a parallel interpretation of the tests achieved a high combined <em>Se</em> of 92 % (95 % PPI: 53–100 %), while maintaining a high <em>Sp</em> of 97 %. In conclusion, PhMS-qPCR and qPCR-confirmed liquid culture are complementary diagnostic tools. Their combined use in a parallel testing strategy could provide a highly effective screening algorithm, making it a powerful approach for research settings aiming to maximize case detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 106781"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new era of coccidiosis control: Eimeria and Clostridium perfringens dynamics in vaccinated broiler flocks after the ionophore phase-out in Norway","authors":"Eva Lena Estensmo ,&nbsp;Silje Granstad ,&nbsp;Kim B. Stevens ,&nbsp;Sokratis Ptochos ,&nbsp;Marianne Økland ,&nbsp;Mona Nordmark ,&nbsp;Siri Kulberg Sjurseth ,&nbsp;Sigrid Gossé ,&nbsp;Magne Hansen ,&nbsp;Adrian L. Smith ,&nbsp;Damer P. Blake ,&nbsp;Camilla Sekse ,&nbsp;Øivind Øines","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2026.106786","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2026.106786","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Norway discontinued the prophylactic use of coccidiostats in broiler production in 2016, and all broilers are now raised without the routine use of coccidiostats. As an alternative strategy to control coccidiosis, all broiler flocks in Norway are now routinely vaccinated at hatch with vaccines based on live attenuated <em>Eimeria</em> oocysts. In this study, we investigated the population dynamics and interactions of <em>Eimeria</em> spp. and <em>Clostridium perfringens</em> in Norwegian broiler flocks vaccinated against coccidiosis in field settings. We also explored how this may be influenced by farm management practices. Fresh pooled fecal samples were collected as part of a longitudinal time-series and through a case-control design from commercial broiler flocks diagnosed with coccidiosis, necrotic enteritis (NE) or both. Samples were analyzed using conventional and molecular methods targeting the relevant pathogens. Management data were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression models to identify factors associated with coccidiosis and NE. The occurrence of <em>Eimeria</em> oocysts showed varying dynamics over time across individual flocks and companies, and <em>Eimeria</em> species composition largely reflected the content of the vaccine used. Higher numbers of <em>E. maxima</em> and lower overall management scores were identified as risk factors associated with NE. Coccidiosis appeared to be well controlled under the current production practices, whereas NE seems to increase after the abolishment of coccidiostats. This may be related to the indirect effects of coccidiostats on <em>Clostridium</em> spp. and is a consequence that should be carefully monitored in any circumstance where there is a move towards the use of anticoccidial vaccines in broiler production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 106786"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146012155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing U.S. swine farm preparedness for infectious foreign animal diseases with rapid access to biosecurity information","authors":"Christian Fleming ,&nbsp;Kelsey Mills ,&nbsp;Nicolas C. Cardenas ,&nbsp;Jason A. Galvis ,&nbsp;Cesar Corzo ,&nbsp;Denílson dos Santos Ebling ,&nbsp;Gustavo Machado","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106765","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106765","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The U.S. Secure Pork Supply (SPS) Plan is a voluntary program that establishes biosecurity standards to maintain business continuity. The role of biosecurity in disease spread is well recognized, yet the U.S. swine industry lacks knowledge of individual farm biosecurity and the efficacy of existing measures.</div><div>Here, we (i) described a consortium among the swine industry, government, and academia that formed the Rapid Access Biosecurity application (RABapp™), (ii) summarized the farm characteristics and biosecurity of premises in RABapp™, (iii) mapped RABapp™’s biosecurity coverage of the U.S. swine population, and (iv) evaluated associations between biosecurity measures and reports of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) using multivariable logistic regression.</div><div>RABapp™, used in 31 states, represented 42% of the U.S. commercial swine population. In total, 76% (234/307) of Agricultural Statistics Districts were identified as biosecurity deserts, with less than half of their swine population represented in RABapp™. Requiring footwear or clothing changes, multiple carcass disposal locations, greater distance from neighboring swine premises, using bait for rodent control, and carcass burial significantly reduced the odds of PRRSV/PEDV occurrence. Conversely, rendering carcasses, deep pit or tank manure storage, and land application of manure were associated with increased odds of infection.</div><div>This study demonstrated the national importance of RABapp™ as a centralized repository and mapped SPS plan adoption. Curtailing high-risk practices and reinforcing the identified measures could help reduce the circulation of endemic disease and strengthen industry preparedness for future foreign animal disease emergencies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 106765"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145966727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioural drivers of on-farm biosecurity implementation in livestock: A literature overview with insights for research","authors":"Mehmet Murat Dogusan ,&nbsp;Helena C. De Carvalho Ferreira ,&nbsp;Sebastián Jesús Moya Durán ,&nbsp;Lidiia Moskalenko ,&nbsp;Marnie Louise Brennan ,&nbsp;Daniele De Meneghi ,&nbsp;Maria Rodrigues Da Costa ,&nbsp;Giovanna Ciaravino ,&nbsp;Rui Gaspar","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106768","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106768","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global livestock intensification heightens disease risks, making effective biosecurity crucial. However, the inconsistent adoption of biosecurity measures and the behavioural drivers behind this variability are not fully understood. This review assessed the current state of knowledge and identified evidence gaps regarding drivers influencing stakeholders’ decision-making and the implementation of biosecurity practices, to clarify why well-established measures are not consistently applied and to guide research addressing the factors shaping biosecurity implementation.</div><div>Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a systematic search up to October 2023 was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Using a literature overview methodology, we retrieved relevant review articles on biosecurity decision-making (first phase), from which we identified relevant original research cited within them (second phase). Thematic analysis used the Capability, Opportunity and Motivation Behaviour (COM-B) model, with the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) guiding the coding procedure.</div><div>Of 811 reviews initially retrieved, 37 were included. From these, 205 original research articles were identified, of which 78 were included. Most original studies originated from Europe and Central Asia (n = 38), highlighting geographical biases. Research mainly targeted farmers (n = 78), with few studies targeting veterinarians (n = 6). While 45 articles addressed all three COM-B components, beyond half (n = 46) reported four or fewer TDF domains, suggesting important knowledge gaps in the literature.</div><div>Future studies should target understudied regions, TDF domains (e.g. Skills, Goals and Reinforcement) and stakeholders (e.g. farmers) to effectively implement biosecurity measures. This will help the livestock sector adopt evidence-based biosecurity and adhering to it, improving animal health and resilience worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 106768"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145878950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An economic framework for One Health investment: A critical tool for decision makers","authors":"Max Barot,&nbsp;Barbara McPake,&nbsp;Angus Campbell,&nbsp;Justin McKinley,&nbsp;Ajay Mahal","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One Health operationalization needs political and financial support and decision makers need to have an economic rationale for their actions. Therefore, both advocates and decision makers need economic methodologies to highlight the value of One Health. The objective of this paper is to propose a conceptual framework grounded in six economic principles that can serve as building blocks for an investment case for One Health. Some of these principles relate to the implementation of interventions, showing how One Health approaches can be more efficient. These include inefficiencies in resource allocation, economies of scope, scale and joint production and distributional considerations. The other principles, public goods and externalities and incentive compatibility focus on outcomes, helping to identify how an investment in one sector creates a benefit in another. The economic principles were also used in two conceptual case studies (Leptospirosis and anti-microbial resistance) to provide illustrative examples. The case studies demonstrate how investment in One Health not only helps to address health risks such as Leptospirosis but can provide significant synergistic benefits such as improving agricultural production and livelihoods. They also highlight a critical point that while One Health is generally associated with collaboration between sectors, many of its benefits arise not from working together, but from each sector being adequately equipped to fulfill its core functions. Effective animal and environmental health services are essential foundations for One Health operationalization. Investing in the capacity of these sectors is therefore not just beneficial—it is the critical driver of One Health value.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 106763"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145747126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and associated plasmid resistant genome of ESBL and AmpC producing commensal E. coli isolated from lactating cows and pre-weaned calves on dairy farms in Western Australia","authors":"Michele Tree ,&nbsp;Frances Brigg ,&nbsp;Anne L. Barnes ,&nbsp;Theo J.G.M. Lam ,&nbsp;Scott McDougall ,&nbsp;David S. Beggs ,&nbsp;Ian D. Robertson ,&nbsp;Tayler C. Kent ,&nbsp;Joshua W. Aleri","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated plasmid resistant genome of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and Ambler class C cephalosporinase (AmpC) producing commensal <em>Escherichia coli,</em> using a targeted pDNA approach, from lactating cows and pre-weaned calves on dairy farms in Western Australian (WA). Following culture and modified double disc diffusion, ESBL and/or AmpC producing commensal <em>E. coli</em> were isolated from faecal samples and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determined. Plasmid DNA (pDNA) was extracted, amplified, and sequenced to identify the AMR and replicon composition. Phenotypic analysis of 1117 faecal samples from 26 Western Australian dairy farms revealed a low overall prevalence (7.3 %) of ESBL and/or AmpC-producing commensal <em>E. coli</em>, with 3.2 % in cows (n = 633) and 12.8 % in calves (n = 484). All isolates were classified ‘non-wildtype’ for ampicillin and ceftiofur, with 95.1 % classified as ‘non-wildtype’ multidrug resistant (MDR). While <em>bla</em>_<em>TEM</em> was common in the pDNA (total: 60.6 %; cow: 76.9 %; calf: 57.7 %), a total of 13 AMR genes were identified across 126 plasmids (cow: <em>n</em> = 30; calf: <em>n</em> = 96) isolated. Multiple correspondence analysis (with chi-square–based 95 % confidence ellipses) showed variation in pDNA AMR genes and replicons by farm, with generally distinct plasmid profiles, though some clustering suggests possible farm-to-farm plasmid transmission. In conclusion, though low in prevalence, ESBL and/or AmpC producing commensal <em>E. coli</em> having high phenotypic AMR, MDR, and pDNA diversity were isolated from dairy cattle on 65.4 % of screened farms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 106750"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145621614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance and virulence determinants of E. coli isolated from companion animals: A potential public health concern","authors":"Fatma Abdel-Kader ,&nbsp;Yusuf Mohamad ,&nbsp;Elshaimaa Ismael ,&nbsp;Dalia Hamza ,&nbsp;AShraf Bakkar ,&nbsp;Manal Zaki","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in <em>Escherichia coli</em>, particularly extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase-producing strains, poses a significant zoonotic risk. This study investigates the prevalence of AMR and virulence determinants in <em>E. coli</em> isolated from dogs and cats in Egypt. A total of 102 rectal swabs were analyzed, with <em>E. coli</em> recovered from 55 (53.9 %) samples, more frequently in cats (19/30; 63.3 %) than in dogs (36/72; 50 %). ESBL-producing isolates were detected in both healthy (5/28; 17.9 %) and diseased (6/27; 22.2 %) animals. The most common resistance genes were <em>bla</em>_TEM and <em>bla</em>_CTX-M, often occurring with <em>bla</em>_CMY-2. Although phenotypic carbapenem resistance was uncommon (5.45 %), carbapenemase-encoding genes were identified in 60 % of isolates, suggesting a potential but unconfirmed reservoir of resistance. Virulence gene profiling revealed that most isolates carry virulence genes primarily associated with extra-intestinal pathogenic <em>E. coli</em> (ExPEC), followed by enterohemorrhagic <em>E. coli</em> (EHEC), with both detected in diseased and asymptomatic animals. Cluster analysis demonstrated strong associations between AMR and virulence determinants, underscoring the convergence of resistance and pathogenic potential. These findings highlight the coexistence of resistance and virulence genes in companion animal <em>E. coli,</em> and reinforce the need for prudent antimicrobial use and One Health-based surveillance to limit the emergence and dissemination of AMR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 106755"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145621615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an Infectious Disease Vulnerability Index (IDVI) for dairy farms: A data-driven approach to assessing risk and informing biosecurity practices","authors":"Johnbosco U. Osuagwu ,&nbsp;Julia M. Smith ,&nbsp;Scott C. Merrill","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dairy farms are vulnerable to a wide range of infectious diseases, which can have significant economic and public health consequences. However, there remains a lack of a robust, farm-level tool that assesses their disease vulnerability. The primary objective of this study was to develop and validate the Infectious Disease Vulnerability Index (IDVI) as a tool for assessing dairy farm vulnerability to disease, aimed at enhancing biosecurity strategies and prioritizing high-risk farms for targeted interventions. Survey data on biosecurity practices, farm management, and animal movement were analyzed using K-Prototypes clustering, dimensionality reduction, optimal cluster determination, stability assessment, and validation. The clustering analysis revealed three distinct farm clusters, characterized by low, medium, and high disease vulnerability index categories. Cluster quality was assessed using silhouette scores (mean = 0.69) and Davies-Bouldin Index (mean = 0.44), with bootstrap resampling (200 iterations) confirming stability, and Friedman’s Test showing statistically distinct risk clusters. Following permutation testing, the factors with the most impact on the infectious disease vulnerability clusters included specific farm characteristics such as organic status and the total number of dairy animals, animal movement practices including frequency of bull calf movements and the average number of heifers leaving the farm during a shipment, farm contacts including hunters and dead animal haulers, and farm biosecurity practices including farm equipment transport practices, engaging in dairy animal exhibitions, and not having quarantine facilities with water, feed, and air separated from other farm animals. The IDVI offers a promising measure of comparing disease risk profiles, validated through bootstrapped silhouette scoring, statistical analysis, and permutation importance analysis. By leveraging the IDVI, dairy farmers, veterinarians, and animal health authorities can identify high-risk farms, implement targeted interventions to improve biosecurity, reduce disease transmission, and consequently enhance their outbreak preparedness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 106770"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stochastic modelling of burden of livestock diseases on domestic ruminants in Ethiopia","authors":"Wudu T. Jemberu ,&nbsp;Gemma Chaters ,&nbsp;Theodore J.D. Knight-Jones ,&nbsp;William Gilbert ,&nbsp;Stephen Kwok ,&nbsp;Mieghan Bruce ,&nbsp;Benjamin Huntington ,&nbsp;Jonathan Rushton","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study, carried out in 2022–2023, quantified the financial burden of disease in cattle, sheep and goats in Ethiopia for the year 2021 using the animal health loss envelope (AHLE) metric. The AHLE measures all cause disease burden, avoidable and non-avoidable, as the difference in the financial performance of a livestock production system (e.g., gross margin) comparing a scenario where animals are in an ideal state of health to the current situation. A stochastic dynamic population model (DPM) was employed to calculate the gross margin for an average farm and for the national herd under these current and ideal health scenarios. Data for parametrizing the DPM were derived from secondary sources and expert elicitation. The stochastic DPM was simulated for 10,000 iterations and results are reported as means with 95 % percentile intervals (PI)<strong>.</strong> The annual AHLE per average farm was estimated at USD 1209 (95 %PI:392–2470) in cattle, USD 158 (95 %PI:66–292) in sheep and USD 416 (95 %PI:136–847) in goats. At national level, the annual AHLE in ruminants was USD 18.39 billion with USD 15.42 billion (95 % PI:12.70–18.57) in cattle, USD 1.04 billion (95 % PI:0.84–1.30) in sheep, and USD 1.93 billion (95 % PI:1.64–2.25) in goats. Morbidity losses constituted the largest component of the AHLE, exceeding 50 % across all species, while animal health expenditure represented the smallest component, accounting for less than 2 % of AHLE in all species. This high disease burden, with minimal contribution from animal health expenditure, indicates significant opportunity for improvement through investment in animal health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 106761"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145757477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of stability and triangulation-based methods to improve identification of risk factors for lameness in ewes","authors":"Naomi S. Prosser ,&nbsp;Laura E. Green ,&nbsp;Martin J. Green","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lameness has serious impact on sheep health and profitability. In the UK, the largest-scale questionnaire investigating risk factors for lameness (107 questions and 1260 respondents) identified 20 significant variables using stepwise Poisson regression. It is now known that stepwise procedures with wide data can result in overfit models. This research reanalysed these data, using methods that minimise the likelihood of overfitting and therefore reduce the probability of identifying false positive variables. Poisson and log-normal regression models were built with six different variable selection methods, stability selection and triangulation. Six variables were selected in the final triangulated models associated with a reduced prevalence of lameness, fewer than the 20 variables selected in the original analysis. These six variables covered early treatment of individual sheep, treating sheep with any severity of lameness, avoiding routine foot trimming and avoiding footbathing to treat underrunning footrot. Early treatment of individual lame sheep had the highest population attributable fraction for reduction of lameness. Our results highlight the importance of addressing overfitting when fitting models to wide data and the usefulness of triangulating results across different model types. The results strengthen the evidence that the greatest reduction in lameness nationwide would be achieved if farmers treated the first lame sheep in a group rather than waiting until more become lame.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 106767"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145768790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}