Preventive veterinary medicine最新文献

{"title":"Impact of dairy farming extension programs on smallholder livestock keepers’ welfare among Maasai communities in Arusha, Tanzania","authors":"Felician Andrew Kitole","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the crucial role of livestock farming in enhancing livelihoods, production levels remain notably low, particularly in nomadic societies, resulting in diminished welfare among Africa's most renowned communities, the Maasai. To improve the welfare of smallholder livestock keepers, dairy farming extension programs are essential, as they stimulate knowledge transfer, resource accessibility, and adoption of best practices. This study employed a quasi-experimental research design, engaging a total of 431 livestock keepers, comprising 221 treated participants and 210 control group members from the Engaruka, Lepurko, and Selela wards in Monduli District, Arusha, Tanzania. Utilizing the Double Hurdle model and Propensity Score Matching (PSM), the study estimated the determinants of participation and the impacts of these interventions on welfare. The results revealed that demographic factors, social capital, and educational attainment significantly influenced participation rates in dairy farming extension programs. Additionally, the Average Treatment on the Treated (ATT) analysis showed that participation led to an increase of 5.751 liters per day in milk production and a monthly income boost of 11,670 TSHS. However, mean income differences showed that participants earned 55,010 TSHS more than non-participants. This suggests that while extension programs contribute to higher incomes, pre-existing differences such as access to resources, experience, and herd size also contribute to this disparity. These findings informs that effective extension services can markedly improve the welfare of Maasai livestock keepers by providing critical training and resources that enable higher productivity and economic resilience. By fostering social networks, facilitating market access, and enhancing knowledge among farmers, extension programs play a vital role in empowering these communities. Therefore, targeted strategies that promote inclusivity, improve access to resources, and incorporate educational initiatives are recommended to maximize the benefits of these programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 106511"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-typhoidal Salmonella contamination of food sources from animal origin in Israel between 2007 and 2021","authors":"Yuval Malkiely ,&nbsp;Gashaw Endeshaw ,&nbsp;Ilana Maler ,&nbsp;Ehud Elnekave","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-typhoidal <em>Salmonella</em> (NTS) are one of the main causes of food poisoning, a major global threat for human health. Consumption of contaminated food products of animal origin contributes to majority of the NTS illness outbreaks. Poultry, an important protein source, is considered the main animal source for NTS. However, contamination with different serotypes of NTS may be attributed to various animal hosts. We aimed to determine the prevalence, trends, and potential risk factors for NTS contamination of food sources in Israel. A dataset including 192,340 test results for the detection of NTS contamination in food products in Israel between 2007 and 2021 was analyzed. Food samples were collected as part of routine testing and targeted programs for NTS detection from different facilities, such as food factories and slaughterhouses. The collected food samples included: non-thermally treated (raw) and mainly thermally treated ready-to-eat (RTE) products. Data were summarized and associations between NTS detection and different covariates were estimated using either: (i) Poisson regression model; or (ii) ꭕ2-tests. The odds ratio (OR) or prevalence ratio and 95 % confidence intervals (CI_95 %) were calculated. The number of food products tested for NTS identification and further serotype classification has declined in recent years. However, the percentage of NTS positive results increased over time, reaching 18.11 % positive samples by 2021. The risk for NTS contamination was significantly higher in raw vs. RTE products: OR (CI_95 %) = 290.60 (239.39–352.76), p &lt; 0.001. The percentage of samples found positive for NTS in RTE products varied between sources, yet remained below 0.49 % for each source. However, in raw products, the NTS prevalence ranged between 1.05 % and 35.03 %, with food products from the chicken source significantly more positively associated with NTS contamination in comparison beef, fish, pig and turkey sources. Imported food, and slaughterhouses had a significantly higher prevalence of NTS contamination compare to factories food hygiene testing. With certain facilities, within each category, demonstrating significantly higher contamination compared to others. Moreover, the ten most common serotypes reported in human infections throughout this period were mostly found in chicken and turkey sources. The identification of certain sources and facilities/importers/slaughterhouses which may pose higher risk for NTS contamination was possible despite the declining resources invested in sampling and classification of NTS isolates in recent years. Therefore, our study further emphasizes the potential and importance of establishing a real-time surveillance for better tracing of NTS contaminations in food sources to protect public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 106508"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harmonisation of the diagnostic performances of serological ELISA tests for C. burnetii in ruminants in the absence of a gold standard: Optimal cut-offs and performances reassessment","authors":"Laureline Rivière ,&nbsp;Elodie Rousset ,&nbsp;Elsa Jourdain ,&nbsp;Marie-Laure Delignette-Muller ,&nbsp;Thibaut Lurier","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106509","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106509","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>None of the three ELISA tests currently available in Europe for the serological diagnosis of <em>Coxiella burnetii</em> (<em>C. burnetii</em>) infections in ruminants can be considered as a gold standard. The difference in their diagnostic performances (e.g., from 39 % to 87 % for sensitivity in sheep – Lurier <em>et al</em>. 2021) affects the agreement between the test results obtained in different veterinary laboratories and limits the comparability of prevalence estimates for surveillance. In order to harmonise these tests, we tried to adjust their cut-offs so that there is a maximum of agreement between them. Using the results of the three ELISAs applied to 1258 cattle, 1474 goat and 1432 sheep serum samples collected in France, we identified the cut-offs that maximised Hubert’s kappa, an agreement coefficient applicable to more than two tests, using a differential evolution algorithm for optimisation. We then evaluated the effect of changing the cut-offs. In particular, we estimated the sensitivities and specificities of each test at the optimal cut-offs using a latent class model. While the manufacturer’s cut-offs of the three tests were 30, 40 and 40 respectively, regardless of the species, the cut-offs that maximise the agreement are 44.7, 30.8 and 84.3 for cattle, 6.6, 18.8 and 49.8 for goats, and 26.2, 50.9 and 88.6 for sheep. By using these cut-offs instead of those provided by the manufacturers, the observed proportion of disagreement between the tests is reduced by approximately half, and the diagnostic performances and apparent prevalence are more consistent from one test to another. The use of these species-specific cut-offs allows for better harmonisation of the tests. However, before implementing these new cut-offs, it is essential to assess the measurement uncertainty around them to ensure that the analytical performances of the tests are maintained.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 106509"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network meta-analysis based ranking of dry off interventions to cure or prevent intramammary infections in dairy cows","authors":"Nynke Schipper ,&nbsp;Michèle Bodmer ,&nbsp;Simon Dufour ,&nbsp;Nina M.C. Hommels ,&nbsp;Mirjam Nielen ,&nbsp;Bart H.P. van den Borne","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to rank dry off interventions for the prevention of new intramammary infections (IMI) and the cure of existing IMI in quarters of dry cows using two network meta-analyses. Randomized controlled trials reported in 137 papers were assessed for inclusion eligibility. Network meta-analyses were performed separately for the incidence risk of IMI and cure risk of IMI. For cure of IMI, 29 trials with 10 dry off interventions were included. Both selective and blanket dry cow therapy, either in combination with an internal teat sealant or as a singular intervention, resulted in a better cure risk compared with the non-antimicrobial interventions. No differences were observed between the antimicrobial based interventions. For the incidence risk of IMI, 54 trials were included, representing 18 dry off interventions. The incidence risk of IMI was similar for the various selective dry cow treatments when antimicrobials were administered together with an internal teat sealant, either at quarter or cow level. Also, they did not differ from the evaluated blanket dry cow treatment interventions or when an internal teat sealant was applied alone. Selective dry cow therapy with internal teat sealant is therefore likely a suitable intervention option to simultaneously maintain a low incidence risk of IMI and a high cure risk of IMI, all the while lowering the antimicrobial use in dairy herds. Circumstances in the herd, including the distribution and prevalence of mastitis pathogens, should be evaluated before results are utilized in dairy practice given the heterogeneity of included studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 106487"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of infrastructure and operations with antibiotic resistance potential in the dairy environment in India","authors":"Harshita Singh ,&nbsp;Kenyum Bagra ,&nbsp;Sourabh Dixit ,&nbsp;Awanish Kumar Singh ,&nbsp;Gargi Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106497","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The dairy industry in developing countries is often associated with inappropriate use of antibiotics and the subsequent contamination of the environment with co-selectors of antibiotic resistance. However, the specific factors in dairy farm environments that influence antibiotic resistance levels and the subsequent exposure risks to farm workers are unknown. We examined the link between the infrastructure and operations of the dairy farm and the antibiotic resistance potential in India, which is the highest producer and consumer of dairy products globally. We sampled sixteen dairy farms in the Dehradun district, India, that varied in their herd size, infrastructure, and operational features during winter, summer, and monsoon. We collected samples of dung, manure, wastewater, manure-amended, and control soil from these farms. We quantified six antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) (&lt;em&gt;sul&lt;/em&gt;1, &lt;em&gt;sul&lt;/em&gt;2, &lt;em&gt;par&lt;/em&gt;C, &lt;em&gt;mcr&lt;/em&gt;5, &lt;em&gt;erm&lt;/em&gt;F, and &lt;em&gt;tet&lt;/em&gt;W), an integron integrase gene cassette (&lt;em&gt;int&lt;/em&gt;I1), and 16S rRNA gene copies as an indicator for total bacterial count. We observed that the infrastructure and the operations of the dairy farms were significantly associated with antibiotic resistance potential in the dairy environment. For example, with increased ventilation and exposure to external weather, the levels of &lt;em&gt;sul&lt;/em&gt;2 (x͂=10&lt;sup&gt;−1.63&lt;/sup&gt;) and &lt;em&gt;par&lt;/em&gt;C (x͂=10&lt;sup&gt;−4.24&lt;/sup&gt;) in manure increased. When farmers administered antibiotics without veterinary consultation, the relative levels of &lt;em&gt;int&lt;/em&gt;I1 (x͂=10&lt;sup&gt;−2.36&lt;/sup&gt;), &lt;em&gt;sul&lt;/em&gt;2 (x͂=10&lt;sup&gt;−1.58&lt;/sup&gt;), and &lt;em&gt;tet&lt;/em&gt;W (x͂=10&lt;sup&gt;−3.04&lt;/sup&gt;) in manure were lower than the cases where professional advice was sought. Small-scale farms had lower relative ARG levels than medium- and large-scale farms, except for &lt;em&gt;mcr&lt;/em&gt;5 (x͂=10&lt;sup&gt;−3.98&lt;/sup&gt;) in wastewater. In different sample types, the relative ARG levels trended as manure-amended soil (x͂=10&lt;sup&gt;−2.34&lt;/sup&gt;) &gt; wastewater (x͂=10&lt;sup&gt;−2.90&lt;/sup&gt;)&gt; manure (x͂=10&lt;sup&gt;−3.39&lt;/sup&gt;)&gt; dung (x͂=10&lt;sup&gt;−2.54&lt;/sup&gt;). ARGs correlated with the marker for horizontal gene transfer, &lt;em&gt;int&lt;/em&gt;I1, which exacerbates overall antibiotic resistance levels. Exposure assessment showed that the agriculture farm workers working in manure-amended agriculture farms are exposed to higher antibiotic resistance potential than dairy farm workers, who manually handle dung. Our study showed that the link between the dairy infrastructure (ventilation and floor type) and operations (scale of operation and veterinary consultation) and the antibiotic resistance potential in the dairy farm environment was statistically significant. This knowledge paves the way for designing interventions that can minimize the antibiotic resistance potential on dairy farms and in affected environments and thus reduce the public health burden of antibiotic-resistant infections in the dairy industry and dairy workers i","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 106497"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta-analysis and systematic review of the prevalence and risk factors of animal fascioliasis in Eastern and Southern Africa between 2000 and 2023","authors":"Stellah Nambuya ,&nbsp;Chester Kalinda ,&nbsp;Patrick Vudriko ,&nbsp;Moses Adriko ,&nbsp;Million Phiri ,&nbsp;Tafadzwa Mindu ,&nbsp;David Wagaba ,&nbsp;Lawrence Mugisha","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fascioliasis is a zoonotic disease of public health and economic importance. It is caused by trematodes species <em>Fasciola hepatica,</em> and <em>Fasciola gigantica</em>. The parasites infest the liver particularly the bile ducts, and cause harm to the host. The economic loss to both dairy and meat industry is attributed to emaciation, reduction in milk production, death, infertility, and losses to liver condemnation. However, fascioliasis remains poorly studied and limited data is available to guide appropriate interventions especially in low- and middle-income countries. This paper aimed to review the prevalence and risk factors of animal fascioliasis in Eastern and Southern Africa between 2000 and 2023. Globally recognized databases including Science Direct, PubMed and Google scholar were used to search the related studies on fascioliasis conducted between 2000 and 2023 in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. A review of papers was done for risk factors of fascioliasis, and data was extracted. A total of 106 articles met the inclusion criteria, data was extracted, analyzed using meta package in R software (version 4.21), and presented both quantitatively and qualitatively. Forest plots at a 95 % confidence interval were generated to show the prevalence estimate of different subgroups and Cochran’s Q statistic was used to measure the level of heterogeneity between studies. The prevalence estimates for different animal species in Eastern and Southern Africa were 47.5 % (95 % CI: 38.0–57.2 %) in mules, 23.3 % (95 % CI: 17.0–31.1 %) in sheep, 23.4 % (95 % CI: 19.2–28.2 %) in cattle, 23.2 % (95 % CI: 19.3–27.6 %) in donkeys, 12.2 % (95 % CI: 9.9–14.8 %) in horses, and 7.9 % (95 % CI: 5.4–11.5 %) in goats. These findings clearly demonstrate the high prevalence of fascioliasis in animals in Eastern and Southern Africa. We therefore recommend enhanced awareness and promotion of effective prevention measures for the <em>Fasciola</em> infection control to maximize benefits from livestock production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 106490"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding drivers and barriers to stakeholder participation in syndromic surveillance for application in Australia","authors":"Marta Hernandez-Jover ,&nbsp;Lynne Hayes ,&nbsp;Jane Heller ,&nbsp;Jennifer Manyweathers ,&nbsp;Fernanda C. Dórea ,&nbsp;Cecily Moore ,&nbsp;Emily Doyle ,&nbsp;Nicole Schembri","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106494","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Early detection of disease is crucial for an effective and timely disease control and eradication response and requires sensitive and robust surveillance systems. The use of early warning systems based on the systematic monitoring of health data and the identification of syndromes, known as syndromic surveillance systems, has been used for early identification of human and animal health events. Despite the marked development in animal health syndromic surveillance (AHSyS) systems in the last two decades, challenges for the implementation of functional AHSyS systems continue to exist, with limited research investigating stakeholder perspectives on these systems. The current project aimed to identify key drivers and barriers of livestock industry private sector stakeholder participation in syndromic surveillance in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. To achieve this aim, a qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with seven international syndromic surveillance experts and 17 private sector stakeholders, including abattoirs, knackeries, animal health consultants/veterinarians, research institutions, livestock industries, pharmaceutical companies, private veterinary laboratories and a national animal health body. The expert consultation identified that despite the significant advancements on AHSyS in the last two decades, implementation of AHSyS systems continue to be limited, with key considerations being the lack of data standardisation, issues with data privacy, data integration and the limited consideration of stakeholder needs for supporting decision-making and benefits from participation. Strong iterative collaboration with all stakeholders with high levels of trust, appropriate resourcing, and balance between regulatory and industry needs are required for supporting system sustainability. Animal health surveillance was important for all stakeholders in the consultation, however understanding of syndromic surveillance systems was limited. A significant amount of health and production data is already being collected by stakeholders; however, the data type and data collection platforms are highly variable, confirming the complexity for standardisation and integration. The major stakeholder concerns were in relation to privacy, protection of information and the potential commercial and/or trade implications of data misuse or misrepresentation, the required additional resourcing for participating and the regulatory nature of such system. Despite these concerns, all stakeholders showed interest in being involved in further discussions on the development of an AHSyS system. A successful AHSyS system should consider representativeness and quality of the data, simplicity in data collection and processing, clear benefits and value of the outputs, and strong collaboration across all relevant stakeholders. Outcomes from this project will inform future activities for the development of AHSyS initiatives in Australia.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 106494"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal patterns and risk factors for African swine fever-affected smallholder pig farms in Davao Region, Southern Philippines","authors":"Kim Dianne B. Ligue-Sabio ,&nbsp;Mark Frederick T. Lacaba ,&nbsp;Jasper Elvin C. Mijares ,&nbsp;Lyre Anni E. Murao ,&nbsp;Pedro A. Alviola IV","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>African swine fever (ASF) has severely disrupted the Philippine pig industry, necessitating a thorough understanding of its local epidemiology to develop effective mitigation strategies. The outbreak has particularly impacted smallholder farmers, who face substantial economic losses, livelihood threats, and psychological distress due to ASF. This study examined the ASF outbreak in Davao Region, Southern Philippines, by analyzing its spatiotemporal patterns and identifying risk factors. The investigation involved three parts: determining spatiotemporal patterns using spatial autocorrelation and hotspot analysis, conducting Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) with government veterinarians to identify local risk factors, and fitting a conditional logistic regression model to estimate the effects of biosecurity and farming practices on the likelihood of ASF occurrence. A sharp decline in incidence rates and non-recurring hotspots of ASF-affected barangays (villages) were observed, which may have been influenced by community quarantines and 1–7–10 zoning protocols. However, ASF hotspots continuously shifted towards the northeast provinces of the region. Thematic analysis of collected data from KIIs highlighted six general areas of ASF management and control that have posed challenges: farm biosecurity, traders' roles, farmers' capabilities, slaughterhouse practices, veterinary services, and response gaps. Regression analysis revealed that biosecurity measures for trade vehicles and cleaning practices were associated with a decreased likelihood of ASF risk, while swill feeding, inadequate waste management, and improper disposal of diseased pigs were associated with an increased likelihood of ASF risk. These findings provide critical insights for managing ASF spread while supporting smallholder farmers, strengthening the livestock industry’s resilience against similar diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 106495"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of bluetongue serotype 3 on cattle mortality, abortions and premature births in the Netherlands in the first year of the epidemic","authors":"K.M.J.A. van den Brink ,&nbsp;H. Brouwer-Middelesch ,&nbsp;G. van Schaik ,&nbsp;T.J.G.M. Lam ,&nbsp;J.A. Stegeman ,&nbsp;R. van den Brom ,&nbsp;M.A.H. Spierenburg ,&nbsp;I.M.G.A. Santman-Berends","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In September 2023, bluetongue virus serotype 3 (BTV-3) was identified among sheep and cattle in the Netherlands. Severe clinical signs and increased mortality were reported in sheep and cattle. The aim of this study was to quantify the impact of BTV-3 on mortality, abortions and premature births in cattle in the Netherlands in 2023. Data were available from 1 January 2020–31 December 2023 and were aggregated at herd-month level. Cattle herds were assigned a BTV-3 status for each herd-month: 1) herds that notified clinical signs of BTV-3, 2) herds that did not notify clinical signs but were located in BTV-3 infected areas or 3) herds that were located in BTV-3 free areas (all areas without BTV-3 notifications). Multivariable population-averaged generalized estimating equations models were used to quantify the association between the BTV-3 epidemic and cattle mortality, abortions and premature births. The results showed that from September 2023 until the end of 2023, perinatal calf mortality increased 1.11 (95 % CI:1.06–1.16) and 1.07 (95 % CI: 1.05–1.09) times, in dairy herds with a notified BTV-3 outbreak and in other dairy herds located in outbreak areas, respectively. Premature birth may be one of the explanations of increased calf mortality, as suggested by an odds ratio of 1.39 (95 % CI: 1.26–1.54) for premature births in dairy herds with a notified BTV-3 outbreak compared to dairy herds in BTV-3 free areas. The odds of abortions in infected dairy herds was 1.1 (95 %CI: 1.02–1.20) times higher compared to non-infected herds. Mortality in cattle aged 1–2 years and older than 2 years increased 2.25 (95 %CI: 1.97–2.58) and 1.71 (95 % CI: 1.62–1.81) times respectively, in infected dairy herds. In dairy herds without notification located in BTV-3 infected areas, mortality increased by 1.17 (95 %CI: 1.07–1.27) and 1.22 (95 % CI: 1.19–1.25) times respectively, compared to herds in BTV-3 free areas. In addition, suckler cow herds, beef cattle herds and small scale non-dairy cattle herds with a notified BTV-3 outbreak showed a significantly increased mortality during the BTV-3 epidemic compared to herds in BTV-3 free areas. In conclusion, BTV-3 infections markedly increased abortions, mortality and premature births in cattle herds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 106493"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stakeholders’ practices in the pork value chain: Potential risks for Taenia solium and Toxoplasma gondii transmission in Burundi","authors":"Salvator Minani ,&nbsp;Anastasie Gasogo ,&nbsp;Jean-Bosco Ntirandekura ,&nbsp;Chiara Trevisan ,&nbsp;Sarah Gabriël","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pork is one of the most consumed meats in the world, including in Burundi. This study aimed to describe the pork value chain (PVC), stakeholders’ practices, and the implications for the transmission of <em>T. solium</em> and <em>T. gondii</em> in Burundi. A mixed methods approach was used to collect data from stakeholders along the PVC in Bujumbura city, Kayanza, and Ngozi provinces, including literature reviews and food safety regulations. A total of 386 participants took part in the interviews and 63 participated in FGDs and informal conversations. The five types of PVCs were identified. Extensive pig production farms were predominant (81 %) with one to three pigs per pig keeper. Potential risks for porcine cysticercosis and toxoplasmosis in the primary sector included unfit pen conditions, misuse of latrines, open defecation, pigs fed mainly with grasses and leftovers, unsafe water, and human stool for crop fertilization. Home and clandestine slaughters were common for pigs infected with <em>T. solium</em> cysts. Most slaughter slabs did not meet slaughter and carcass transport standards or meat inspection regulations. There was a lack of refrigeration equipment for pork, as well as inadequate pork handling and preparation at retail outlets and homes. Following the HACCP principles, effective ways to mitigate hazards before reaching consumers were identified. This study revealed inadequate practices and their implications for the transmission of <em>T. solium</em> and <em>T. gondii</em> infections in Burundi. Urgent actions targeting the strengthening capacities and multi-sectoral collaboration, raising awareness, and changing practices are essential to control these parasites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 106492"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}