Preventive veterinary medicine最新文献

{"title":"Integrated slaughterhouse and diagnostic surveillance to characterize bovine anaplasmosis in Tennessee cattle (USA).","authors":"C C Okafor, A A Andrews, J Beever, K E Reif, J A Daniel, J F Coetzee, B K Whitlock","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2026.106907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2026.106907","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bovine anaplasmosis, caused by Anaplasma marginale, remains an economically important tick-borne disease of cattle in the southeastern United States, yet contemporary statewide epidemiologic data are limited for Tennessee. This study integrated slaughterhouse surveillance (2013; 2020-2021) with statewide diagnostic laboratory submissions (2012-2020) to estimate bovine anaplasmosis seroprevalence, evaluate diagnostic agreement, and identify factors associated with seropositivity. Slaughter surveillance included 247 cattle in 2013 and 66 cattle in 2020-2021. Apparent seroprevalence was 10.5% (95% CI: 7.1-15.0%) in 2013 and 13.6% (95% CI: 7.3-24.0%) in 2020-2021. Diagnostic laboratory submissions (n = 20,004) yielded an apparent seroprevalence of 13.7%. True prevalence estimates (∼12.5%) adjusted for test performance were comparable across surveillance systems. Agreement between cELISA and qPCR in the 2020-2021 subset was high (κ = 0.8), with most seropositive cattle also qPCR-positive, supporting evidence of active endemic transmission. Multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression identified adult age and beef cattle as significant predictors of seropositivity, with clustering observed at county and submission levels. Adult cattle had higher odds of seropositivity compared with juveniles (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.8-4.5), and beef cattle had higher odds than dairy cattle (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.1-8.3). Higher seroprevalence was observed in western Tennessee. Concordant findings across independent surveillance systems confirm that bovine anaplasmosis remains endemic in Tennessee cattle and underscore the value of integrated surveillance for informing disease control and antimicrobial stewardship.</p>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"254 ","pages":"106907"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147842132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global impact of antimicrobial growth promoters on livestock productivity: A meta-analysis for economic modeling","authors":"Alejandro Acosta ,&nbsp;Katia Maria Cardinal ,&nbsp;Francesco Nicolli ,&nbsp;Fabiola Onofrio ,&nbsp;Junxia Song","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of Antimicrobial Growth Promoters (AGPs) in livestock production is under increasing scrutiny due to concerns about Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR). However, the economic consequences of AGPs withdrawal remain insufficiently quantified, partly because globally representative estimates of their effects on productivity are lacking. This study addresses this gap through a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the impact of AGPs on broilers, pigs, and cattle across diverse production settings. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we screened 95 studies encompassing 128 trial observations published between 2000 and 2023, covering diverse geographic regions, income levels, and antimicrobial classes. Funnel plot analysis and Egger’s test were used to detect publication bias. AGPs significantly improved Average Daily Gain (ADG) in broilers (1.78 g/day), pigs (28.15 g/day), and cattle (30 g/day); and improved Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) in broilers (-0.05) and pigs (-0.09). Feed Efficiency (FE) in cattle also improved (0.0043). Regional differences in ADG improvement were notable in broilers. For broiler production, FCR effects varied significantly according to antimicrobial importance, with Critically Important Antimicrobials (CIAs) showing the largest effect sizes. The study revealed significant data gaps in the available scientific evidence, which limit the direct use of current findings for comprehensive economic modelling. Nevertheless, the results provide key parameters to inform the design of economic models assessing the costs and benefits of AGP withdrawal in livestock production systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 106754"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146193149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping cystic echinococcosis in Italian cattle: A spatiotemporal analysis of surveillance data (2019–2023)","authors":"Emma Carter ,&nbsp;Mahbod Entezami ,&nbsp;Paola Pepe ,&nbsp;Laura Rinaldi ,&nbsp;Joaquin M. Prada ,&nbsp;Antonio Bosco","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2026.106788","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2026.106788","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by <em>Echinococcus granulosus</em> sensu lato, is a neglected zoonotic disease with considerable economic and public health impacts. In Italy, higher CE prevalence has historically been observed in southern and insular regions, but recent data on spatial and temporal patterns are scarce. While cattle are not a source of transmission, they serve as useful indicators of regional prevalence. This study assessed the spatial and temporal distribution of CE in cattle across nine regions of central, southern, and insular Italy from 2019 to 2023. A total of 4441 samples were collected during routine abattoir inspections, and infected animals and farms were identified via post-mortem examination. A Bayesian spatial model with a temporal component was used to estimate relative risk (RR) at the provincial level. Overall prevalence was 29.6 % (95 % CI: 28.2–30.9 %). Sardinia exhibited the highest prevalence (67.8 %), while Apulia had the lowest (24.0 %). Several provinces in Sardinia and Sicily consistently appeared as high-risk areas, with RR exceeding 2.0 in some years. In contrast, provinces in Molise and Apulia showed lower or near-average risk. A temporal peak was observed in 2020, followed by a decline to near-neutral levels by 2023. These findings align with previous studies highlighting the burden of CE in southern and insular Italy and underscore considerable spatial heterogeneity. Continued surveillance, application of proven control strategies (e.g. dog deworming, sheep vaccination), and improved diagnostics are essential to reducing CE burden and informing targeted interventions in endemic regions.</div><div>Surveillance reveals marked CE prevalence heterogeneity across Italian regions.</div><div>Sardinia and Sicily show the highest burden of CE in slaughtered cattle.</div><div>CE prevalence has increased compared to earlier studies in the same regions.</div><div>Cystic echinococcosis,Epidemiology,Surveillance,Modelling,Spatial Modelling</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 106788"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146161854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the value and causes of mortality and production losses for beef cattle in East Java, Indonesia.","authors":"Yin Li, Susan Maphilindawati Noor, Riyandini Putri, Widagdo Sri Nugroho, Gemma Chaters, Andrew Larkins, Dominic Smith, Eni Kusumaningtyas, Dwi Endrawati, Dyah Ayu Hewajuli, Harimurti Nuradji, Ni Luh Putu Indi Dharmayanti, Dianne Mayberry","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2026.106906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2026.106906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Beef production is an important industry in Indonesia, especially in East Java. Understanding the economic value and causes of production losses can be used to inform investments into animal health. This study estimated the total value of animal health loss in beef cattle production in East Java and attributed this loss to infectious diseases, non-infectious diseases and external causes. Beef cattle population, reproductive performance, mortality, offtake and productivity were analysed using official statistics and values from the literature. Expert elicitation was used to estimate productivity in an Ideal Health scenario, free from disease impacts. The value of total cattle health loss in 2021 was estimated using the GBADs dynamic population model. Attribution of this loss to infectious diseases, non-infectious diseases and external causes was done using an expert elicitation process. Compared to the Ideal Health scenario, the total animal health loss was estimated at 961 million USD in 2021. For the burden attributions of the mortality loss, infectious diseases were believed as the major reasons (38-45% in all age groups), followed by non-infectious diseases (32 - 39% in all age groups) and external causes (20-30% in all age groups). Similar results were seen on the burden attributions of the production loss. The study provides an initial estimate of the value and causes of animal health losses for beef cattle in East Java. These data can be used to inform policy and as a basis for further health investment in the beef cattle industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"254 ","pages":"106906"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147842064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Swedish veterinarians' perspectives on the work with Emergency Animal Diseases: part 2 - Crucial relationships and the position in-between.","authors":"Hedvig Gröndal, Valentin Öckinger, Susanna Sternberg Lewerin","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2026.106910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2026.106910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Veterinarians play a critical role in identifying and managing Emergency Animal Diseases (EADs). In Sweden, this responsibility is embedded within the routine work of clinical and slaughterhouse veterinarians rather than assigned to a dedicated specialist cadre. This article forms Part 2 of a qualitative study drawing on in-depth individual interviews and thematic analysis examining Swedish veterinarians' work with suspected and confirmed EADs. While Part 1 focused on organisational conditions, workload, and decision-making, the present paper addresses the relational dimensions of this work. The findings show that livestock veterinarians rely heavily on collaborative, trust-based relationships with farmers, which they actively maintain through practical and emotional support, shared decision-making, and efforts to translate regulatory demands into workable on-farm practices. At the same time, these veterinarians occupy an ambivalent position as representatives of state authority, navigating tensions between enforcing legally required measures and sustaining cooperative relationships. Slaughterhouse veterinarians also emphasised the importance of collaboration, but their work is characterised by a permanent supervisory role that limits relational reciprocity and rarely involves emotional support. Across settings, prior experience, institutional communication, and the performance of \"in-between\" roles shaped veterinarians' ability to secure compliance and manage conflict. The study demonstrates that effective surveillance and control of EADs depends not only on technical expertise and adherence to legislation but also on veterinarians' relational labour. These findings advance understanding of the social organisation of disease management and highlight the need to recognize relational competence as integral to veterinary public health practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"254 ","pages":"106910"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance among livestock farmers in Botswana","authors":"Obuile O. Raboloko ,&nbsp;Nametso D. Tlhako ,&nbsp;Judah O. Lekgowe ,&nbsp;Gregory T. Rakobe ,&nbsp;Jonathan Strysko ,&nbsp;Laurel Redding ,&nbsp;Naledi Mannathoko ,&nbsp;Kitso Mokgwathi ,&nbsp;Tlhalefo D. Ntereke ,&nbsp;Teresia Gatonye ,&nbsp;Tshiamo Zankere ,&nbsp;Basiamisi V.E. Segwagwe ,&nbsp;Ebbing Lautenbach ,&nbsp;Brianna E. Parsons ,&nbsp;Solomon S. Ramabu","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2026.106804","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2026.106804","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Improper antimicrobial use (AMU) in livestock production is a key driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Despite this, data on AMU among livestock farmers in low- and middle-income countries remains limited. The present study assessed knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding AMU and AMR amongst livestock farmers in Botswana.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) survey was conducted among livestock farmers in southern Botswana, with participant recruitment facilitated by district veterinary service officers. Informed consent was obtained from all participants and surveys were administered by trained research personnel using visual aids to enhance participants recall. Responses to open-ended survey questions assessing knowledge were graded on a standardized 0–5 scale using a rubric while attitude and behavior questions were assessed using binary Yes/No responses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 191 farmers participated in the study (71 % male; median age 52 years; median farming experience 14 years). All farmers (100 %,191/191), reported using either antimicrobials or anthelmintics (ivermectin), in the preceding 12 months, accounting for a total of 3322 treatment episodes. Tetracyclines were the most commonly used antimicrobials (53 %,1756/3322), followed by sulphonamides (18 %, 34/191). Cephalosporin, fluoroquinolone and aminoglycoside use was not reported. The farmers, who primarily reared cattle, small ruminants, and chickens, most commonly procured antimicrobials and anthelmintics at agriculture supply stores (91 %,174/191) typically with the guidance of veterinarians or animal health technician (veterinary paraprofessionals), but without a prescription from the veterinarians. Most farmers (66 %,127/191) used antimicrobials for treatment purpose, mainly to treat enteric illness. A total of 34 % of farmers (64/191) reported using antimicrobials for prophylactic purposes. Knowledge about the principles of prudent AMU was generally good although awareness of AMR was limited.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>AMU was relatively common among livestock farmers in southern Botswana, primarily for treatment of diseases, with tetracyclines being the most commonly used antimicrobials. Overall, farmers demonstrated generally good knowledge about the principles of prudent AMU. However, comprehensive knowledge of AMR was sub-optimal, reaffirming the need for policy interventions to enhance antimicrobial stewardship in the livestock sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 106804"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146161853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing the personnel requirements for efficient sampling during simulated African swine fever outbreaks in the United States.","authors":"Muhammed Y Satici, Chunlin Yi, Jason A Galvis, Abagael L Sykes, David Roberts, Kathleen C O'Hara, Lisa Rochette, Gustavo Machado","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2026.106905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2026.106905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The incursion of African swine fever (ASF) into the U.S. could severely disrupt the swine industry, underscoring the need for robust preparedness to ensure effective control and eradication. Despite progress in surveillance strategies, gaps remain in estimating detection delays due to sample collection and laboratory processing times and capacities, which could undermine the ASF response. Here, we developed an integrated model that simulated ASF epidemics and surveillance strategies, estimating the number of samples, diagnostic tests, and sample collectors required. Additionally, the model accounts for sampling prioritization, sample collectors' working hours, downtime, and the collection of blood and oral fluid samples. Our simulations generated a median of 68 (99% range: 1-762) secondary infections over 150 days, requiring sampling 572 (99% range: 1-15,574) premises and 2376 (99% range: 8-69,162) barns, including repeat sampling of the same premises. To ensure sample collection without delays, a median of 216 (99% range: 2-1706) sample collectors were required. The laboratory received a median of 76,415 blood samples (99% range: 93-2,138,597), requiring a daily capacity to test 9207 individual samples to prevent delays or redistribution of a median of 8208 samples. For each 100 additional sample collectors trained, the time to detection was reduced by 1.4 days (99% range: 0-3.1 days), while increasing daily laboratory capacity by 500 samples reduced the time to detection by 0.4 days (99% range: 0-2.3 days). Our results highlighted the importance of a trained pool of sample collectors and laboratory surge capacity to respond efficiently against ASF outbreaks in the U.S.</p>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"254 ","pages":"106905"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147842073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SVEPM 2025, the annual conference of the Society for Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Berlin, Germany.","authors":"Fernanda C Dórea, Carla Correia-Gomes, Luís Pedro Carmo, Egil A J Fischer, Locksley L McV Messam, Katja Schulz, Ane Nødtvedt, Timothée Vergne","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2026.106896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2026.106896","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":" ","pages":"106896"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147819762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling factors associated with the probability of seeking traditional care after dog bites in Sierra Leone","authors":"Philip P. Mshelbwala ,&nbsp;Roland Suluku ,&nbsp;Anayochukwu E. Anyasodor ,&nbsp;Oyinkansola Fadiji ,&nbsp;Andrew M. Adamu ,&nbsp;Solomon W. Audu ,&nbsp;Claude T. Sabeta ,&nbsp;Charles E. Rupprecht ,&nbsp;Kinley Wangdi","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2026.106803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2026.106803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Evidence suggests a rising incidence of dog bites in Sierra Leone despite ongoing efforts to prevent rabies. However, little is known about the factors influencing the decision to seek medical care following a dog bite. To address this gap, we developed a probabilistic model to examine factors associated with the likelihood of seeking traditional care in Sierra Leone. Among the 2558 respondents who completed the survey, 31 % (782/2558) indicated that they would seek traditional care after a dog bite. The posterior distributions of our model estimates indicated that the probability of seeking traditional care was higher among respondents with lower levels of education, those residing in rural areas, individuals lacking knowledge about rabies virus transmission and its hosts, and those who owned vaccinated dogs. Conversely, respondents living in locations with a livestock officer or veterinary establishment had lower odds of seeking traditional remedies compared with those uncertain about access. We observed a negative relationship between the percentage of health facilities and the probability of seeking traditional care, with higher percentages associated with a decreased likelihood of seeking traditional remedies. We also found regional variation in the probability of seeking traditional care. Respondents in the Eastern and Western Area were less likely to seek traditional remedies than those in the Northern and Southern Provinces. These findings highlight the need for targeted educational campaigns to raise awareness about rabies and the importance of timely medical care after exposure. Improving healthcare access in rural areas and fostering collaboration with traditional healers are also essential for reducing reliance on traditional care and strengthening rabies prevention and control efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 106803"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146166277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lessons learned from a pilot dog rabies vaccination model in Kinshasa and Kongo-Central, Democratic Republic of the Congo","authors":"Eric Kazadi-Kawaya ,&nbsp;Blaise Mbiala Vodiasilua ,&nbsp;Didier Mwanangombe Makopa ,&nbsp;Christian Bakebidio Kanda ,&nbsp;Gilby Situtala Benina ,&nbsp;Serge Lwange Mufolo ,&nbsp;Prisca Kabangu Nsimba ,&nbsp;Christian Maheshe Murhula ,&nbsp;Madimba-Kapanga","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2026.106789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2026.106789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has set out a plan to eliminate dog-transmitted human rabies by 2033. The 50 million US dollar plan, 65 % of which is allocated to free vaccinations, has been difficult to fund. A study in three DRC sites (Mont-Ngafula in Kinshasa and Matadi and Muanda in Kongo-Central) aimed to explore an affordable, cost-effective local routine vaccination system. A survey was conducted in dog-owning households at each site regarding socioeconomic status, awareness of rabies and the characteristics and vaccination status of dogs. Then veterinary service accessibility, affordability and resources were assessed. Finally, a pilot of a routine vaccination service was implemented. Using R software, a logistic regression was performed to explore factors influencing rabies vaccination. Factors influencing vaccination included socio-economic status, dog characteristics, and the affordability of vaccinations. The cost of vaccinations (25–30 USD in Mont-Ngafula, 10–15 USD in Matadi, 7 USD in Muanda) was two to three times more expensive than owners considered affordable (7–9 USD, 1–5 USD, 2–6 USD). Geographical distribution of providers was poor and resources to vaccinate dogs routinely were inadequate. A pilot programme supplied vaccines and accessories to public veterinary services, expanding their geographic coverage by setting up temporary vaccination points and charging affordable costs (4 USD in Matadi and Muanda, and 5 USD in Mont-Ngafula). This increased adherence among dog owners, though the response varied between sites. The study offers useful insights into the key considerations for successfully implementing a cost-effective and affordable routine vaccination service at local level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 106789"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146137518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}