Preventive veterinary medicine最新文献

{"title":"Characterizing risk factors for infection of Mycobacterium bovis between wild pigs and domestic cattle from an outbreak response - California, 1961-1967.","authors":"Heather L Walker, Ryan S Miller, Laura W Pomeroy, Andreia G Arruda","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106399","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the United States (US), a national control program from bovine tuberculosis (bTB) has been successful at greatly reducing the incidence of Mycobacterium bovis infection in domestic cattle and mitigating exposure to humans. However, experience in many countries, including the US, has demonstrated that eradication of animal tuberculosis (TB) from wildlife can complicate disease control programs. Wild pigs may serve as an important maintenance species for TB, contributing to outbreaks in cattle and hampering disease control programs. In the US, on the Hawaiian island of Molokai, wild pigs facilitated TB transmission, but risk factors contributing to infection of TB were not characterized. To fill this gap, we retrospectively analyzed data from an outbreak of M. bovis in wild pigs and domestic cattle in California during 1961-1967. Using generalized linear models we investigated demographic risk factors (age and sex) for TB infection in wild pigs as well as the association among wild pig and domestic cattle prevalence. Our models demonstrated a predictive accuracy of 87.8 % and suggest adult female wild pigs have significantly lower odds of being TB positive (odds ratio (OR) = 0.41, p value = 0.022). Furthermore, our models identified a possible positive association between male wild pigs and TB status (OR = 2.37, p value = 0.055). We also found evidence of differences in geographic risks. Our findings contribute to the existing literature describing risk factors of M. bovis infection in wild pigs and can be used to support targeted surveillance activities in wild pigs.</p>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"235 ","pages":"106399"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142813913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new web application for determining sample size in freedom-from-disease testing with imperfect tests.","authors":"Darren Michael Green","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Veterinary surveillance frequently requires study design for freedom-from-disease testing, specifying a sample size to balance higher statistical power with larger sample sizes against increased research and ethics costs, with the recognition that tests can generate false positive and negative results: i.e., tests exhibit imperfect sensitivity and specificity. In this paper, we revisit the mathematics behind exact calculations of sample size in terms of the binomial and hypergeometric distributions, and present a new algorithm - implemented and available to use in R as a Shiny application with a graphical user interface - to determine sample size for practical situations. Often, sample size calculations are based upon simulations or approximations, but we show here that exact calculations are feasible. In addition, we relax the liberal assumption - which provides conservative sample-size estimates - that sensitivity and specificity are known exactly, and instead assume both are Beta distributed with known hyperparameters. The application presented here was originally designed as a learning tool for students and is now made available for wider use.</p>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"235 ","pages":"106397"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142795005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the effectiveness of badger vaccination combined with cattle test-and-removal in managing Bovine Tuberculosis: Insights from a two-host and multi-route transmission model","authors":"You Chang ,&nbsp;Stefan Widgren ,&nbsp;Mart C.M. de Jong ,&nbsp;Jamie A. Tratalos ,&nbsp;Simon J. More ,&nbsp;Nienke Hartemink","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) has a complex infection ecology and is difficult to control in many countries, including Ireland. For many years, the Irish national bTB eradication programme relied on cattle-based control measures, including test-and-removal with related movement restrictions. In the early 2000s, badger culling was added as a part of the control measure in the national programme. As badgers are protected animals under Wildlife Acts, making culling undesirable, this practice is now progressively being replaced by badger vaccination. However, it is unclear whether badger vaccination, in combination with the cattle test-and-removal and movement restriction, is sufficient to eradicate bTB, or whether additional measures will be needed. Assessing the impact of badger vaccination on reducing bTB in cattle is complex due to the involvement of multiple hosts and transmission routes. Key contributors include transmission to and from wildlife (e.g., European badger, <em>Meles meles</em>), the persistence of <em>Mycobacterium bovis</em> in the environment, and – due to imperfect diagnostic tests - the movement of infected cattle and residual infection in the herd. Understanding of relative contribution of these infectious sources is a key knowledge gap. This study aims to assess the impact of badger vaccination, in addition to cattle test-and-removal and movement restriction, on bTB eradication at a regional level and to assess whether additional interventions are needed. Additionally, we investigate the contribution of several transmission mechanisms such as, local cattle, residual infection, badgers and introduced cattle on the transmission of bTB at the level of both the individual and the herd. To achieve this, we developed a metapopulation model that includes each of the above-mentioned transmission mechanisms for the Kilkenny badger vaccination trial area. The model incorporates within-herd transmission for cattle and within-territory transmission for badgers, and also transmission between herds, both via cattle trade movements and via overlapping badger territories. Our results show that cattle-to-cattle transmission contributes most to new cattle infections at the individual animal (cattle) level, while breakdowns at the herd level usually involve multiple routes. Badger vaccination, when combined with cattle test-and-removal programme, may not be sufficient to achieve eradication in this region. We highlight the need for additional interventions that target cattle, badger, and movement to form a comprehensive intervention strategy, including cattle vaccination, improve farm biosecurity, badger vaccination and risk-based trading.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 106386"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using supervised machine learning algorithms to predict bovine leukemia virus seropositivity in dairy cattle in Florida: A 10-year retrospective study.","authors":"Ameer A Megahed, Reddy Bommineni, Michael Short, Klibs N Galvão, João H J Bittar","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106387","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Supervised machine-learning (SML) algorithms are potentially powerful tools that may be used for screening cows for infectious diseases such as bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection. Here, we compared six different SML algorithms to identify the most important risk factors for predicting BLV seropositivity in dairy cattle in Florida. We used a dataset of 1279 dairy blood sample records from the Bronson Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory that were submitted for BLV antibody testing from 2012 to 2022. The SML algorithms that we used were logistic regression (LR), decision tree (DT), gradient boosting (GB), random forest (RF), neural network (NN), and support vector machine (SVM). A total of 312 serum samples were positive for BLV with corrected seroprevalence of 26.0 %. Subject to limitations of the analyzed retrospective data, the RF model was the best model for predicting BLV seropositivity in dairy cattle indicated by the highest Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) statistic of 0.75, area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) of 0.93, gain of 2.6; and lowest misclassification rate of 0.10. The LR model was the worst. The RF model showed that the best predictors for BLV seropositivity were age (dairy cows of age ≥ 5 years) and geographic location (southern Florida). We concluded that the RF and other SML algorithms hold promise for predicting BLV seropositivity in dairy cattle and that dairy cattle 5 years of age or older raised in southern Florida have a higher likelihood of testing positive for BLV. This study makes an important methodological contribution to the needed development of predictive tools for effective screening for BLV infection and emphasizes the importance of collecting and using representative data in such predictive models.</p>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"235 ","pages":"106387"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142795007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of biosecurity practices to prevent chronic wasting disease in Minnesota cervid herds","authors":"Michelle L. Schultze ,&nbsp;James M. Kincheloe ,&nbsp;Dennis N. Makau ,&nbsp;Whitney A. Knauer ,&nbsp;Scott J. Wells","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106385","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The objective of this study was to evaluate biosecurity practices related to chronic wasting disease (CWD) transmission pathways and prevention in active cervid herds in Minnesota in 2019 by species, size and location of herds. A self-administered questionnaire was sent to all cervid producers in Minnesota to gather demographic, management, and biosecurity practices. Among producers (N=136), 63.2 % raised predominantly deer species and 36.8 % raised predominantly elk or reindeer. Survey responses were analyzed by herd species (deer or elk/reindeer), herd size (&lt;20 or ≥20 animals), and location (southeast Minnesota or rest of the state) to determine statistical differences between strata. In terms of CWD transmission risks from other farmed cervids, 40.4 % (95 % Confidence Intervals (CI) 32.1–48.8) of Minnesota producers stated they introduced new cervids to the operation in the previous 3 years, though there were minimal other forms of direct contact. A higher percentage of larger sized elk/reindeer herds reported practices that indicate potential for indirect contact with other farmed cervids. Vehicles or trailers that entered the farm were used to transport other live cervids, cervid carcasses, or cervid body parts in past 3 years in 64.3 % (95 % CI 46.3–82.3) of larger elk/reindeer herds compared to 13.6 % (95 % CI 4.7–22.4) of smaller deer herds.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;For CWD transmission risks from wild cervids, limited potential direct contact was reported. Among all producers, 9.6 % (95 % CI 4.6–14.6) reported farmed cervid escapes in the past 3 years (even temporarily) and 0.7 % (95 % CI 0.0–2.2) of producers reported wild white-tailed deer (WTD) inside perimeter fencing. Additionally, 24.3 % (95 % CI 17.0–31.6) of producers observed wild WTD near the perimeter fencing in the past 12 months and 18.7 % (95 % CI 12.0–25.3) reported use of double perimeter fencing, indicating frequent proximity to wild deer and potential for direct and/or indirect contact exposures. Further, 14.3 % (95 % CI 6.7–21.9) of deer herds and 30.0 % (95 % CI 17.1–42.9) of elk herds reported potential access of wild cervids to hay/silage while stored on the farm, with similar results comparing smaller and larger size strata (13.8 % (95 % CI 6.1–21.4) and 29.6 % (95 % CI 17.3–42.0), respectively). Contact through hunting or taxidermy practices occurred infrequently, with the exception of 20.1 % (95 % CI 13.3–27.0) of producers reporting bringing outside hunted cervid parts/carcasses onto property in the past 3 years.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Overall, results identified direct and indirect contact exposures from both farmed and wild cervids to Minnesota herds, with many producers reporting potential contact with wild cervids through direct and multiple indirect pathways. Many of these indirect exposures to wild and farmed cervids varied by herd size and species strata. Better understanding of these potential CWD transmission pathways and how differences between herd size and species","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 106385"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dynamic framework for calculating the biomass of fattening pigs with an application in estimating the burden of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome in the Netherlands","authors":"Marloes Boeters ,&nbsp;Wilma Steeneveld ,&nbsp;Beatriz Garcia-Morante ,&nbsp;Jonathan Rushton ,&nbsp;Gerdien van Schaik","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gaining insight into the size and composition of national pig populations can support decisions on disease control, welfare, and environmental sustainability. However, if one needs to draw meaningful comparisons between the performance of various production systems or countries, a method for standardization is required. One approach to achieve this is by means of biomass estimation. The objective of this study was to develop a biomass estimation framework that can provide detailed and reliable estimates of fattening pig biomass disaggregated by pig life stage (suckling, weaning and fattening), while accounting for the dynamic nature of pig populations. The framework was developed on publicly accessible data pertaining to pig production in the Netherlands, and we additionally assessed availability of required data for several other European countries (Spain, Germany, and Great Britain). Three distinct life stages—suckling piglets, weaning pigs, and fattening pigs—are considered in the framework. Demographic and movement data, including yearly imports, exports, and slaughter numbers, along with standing populations, were collected from official governmental sources. Required production parameters were sourced from representative surveys, with missing parameters supplemented by private industry reports or expert elicitation. The results from the framework for the Netherlands yield insights into the Dutch pig sector. In 2020, 156 million kg, 552 million kg, and 1654 million kg of biomass were produced in the suckling, weaning, and fattening stages, respectively. The evaluation against census data indicated the framework's reliability, with deviations mostly below 10 %. Data availability assessments for Spain, Germany and Great Britain reveal variations in data completeness and underscore the importance of local contacts and language expertise when extending the framework to other countries. The framework's relevance was further demonstrated through an illustrative application, assessing the impact of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome on pig biomass in the Netherlands. In the most severe disease scenario, the produced biomass decreased by 13 %, 17 %, and 66 % in the suckling, weaning, and fattening stages, respectively. Beyond disease burden estimation, the biomass estimates can be used as a denominator for various purposes to provide efficiency metrics, such as the amount of antibiotics used or the volume of greenhouse gases emitted per kilogram of pig biomass produced. While the framework could benefit from further refinement regarding resource use and economic values, its current iteration provides a robust and unique foundation for estimating biomass disaggregated by pig life stage, aiding decision-makers in the agricultural and veterinary sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 106383"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142695765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lifetime health care costs for dogs based on data from seven veterinary clinics in Denmark","authors":"Søren Saxmose Nielsen ,&nbsp;Caroline Hindborg Larsen ,&nbsp;Julie Moth Frederiksen ,&nbsp;Tove Christensen ,&nbsp;Peter Sandøe","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reports indicate that owners believe the health care costs for their dogs are too high, yet few studies report on the actual costs. Most studies are based on surveys of owners, and there have been no studies carried out in Europe. The objective of our study was therefore to provide estimates of lifetime health care costs for dogs based on billed costs taken from records from veterinary clinics in Denmark. Data were collected in late 2023 and were based on invoices from seven clinics of different sizes and locations and related to health care for dogs born in 2006–2011. Only dogs that were treated in the same clinic for their entire lives were included. The records were split into visits that were considered to include basic health care costs such as vaccinations, and costs associated with conditions that were considered acute, chronic or requiring surgery. The costs were then summarised for each dog within each clinic. A total of 17,893 invoices for 716 dogs were included. These consisted of 8821 visits for basic health care and 5899 and 1861 visits for acute and chronic conditions, respectively, along with 1312 visits related to surgery. The median inflation-corrected cost per visit was 133 EUR, and the median lifetime health care cost was approximately 2800 EUR, covering a median lifespan of 10 years. These costs varied greatly, with a breed-weight-adjusted interquartile range of 672–1521 EUR in the least expensive clinic, which was small and located in a rural area, to 1076–4962 EUR (interquartile range) for a clinic in a major city. Health care costs can encompass various levels of treatment and different treatment quality, but this aspect was not evaluated. We conclude that, on average, a visit to the veterinary clinic costs approximately 133 EUR (as of 2023) and that dogs typically visit the clinic 2.1 times per year over their lifetime. However, there is major variation in costs among both dogs and clinics. Overall, the costs identified fell within a similar range to those observed in questionnaire-based studies from other countries. However, the substantial variation warrants further investigation, for example comparing differences in health costs for different breeds of dogs and the differences between different kinds of clinics. We also found that the median yearly health care costs for a dog were less than 5 % of the mean costs for a person in the Danish public health care system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 106384"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142693368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Operational lessons learned from simulating an elimination response to a transboundary animal disease in wild animals","authors":"K. Chalkowski ,&nbsp;K.M. Pepin ,&nbsp;M.J. Lavelle ,&nbsp;R.S. Miller ,&nbsp;J. Fischer ,&nbsp;V.R. Brown ,&nbsp;M. Glow ,&nbsp;B. Smith ,&nbsp;S. Cook ,&nbsp;K. Kohen ,&nbsp;S. Sherburne ,&nbsp;H. Smith ,&nbsp;B. Leland ,&nbsp;K.C. VerCauteren ,&nbsp;N.P. Snow","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106365","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transboundary animal disease (TAD) introductions can have myriad economic, ecological, and societal impacts. When TADs are introduced into wild species, rapid and intense control efforts to reduce wild animal host populations are sometimes needed to eliminate the disease and prevent endemicity and spillover to domestic animal populations. Yet, such intensive efforts are non-trivial, and the rarity of TAD introductions means that personnel rarely have direct experience with these types of operations. Thus, explicit assessments of operational challenges for these kinds of efforts can provide direction to build emergency response preparedness capacity. Here, we simulated a TAD control effort in response to initial detection of a hypothetical index case of a TAD in wild pigs (<em>Sus scrofa</em>) (e.g., African swine fever; ASF). We used three removal methods (aerial control, trapping, and an experimental toxic bait). Then, we conducted an after-action assessment to identify operational challenges for rapidly reducing a population of invasive wild pigs within a simulated outbreak zone. We also simulated carcass recoveries of dispatched pigs, similar to what might be conducted during a response to a TAD with carcass-based transmission (e.g., ASF virus). Here, we describe operational challenges identified during our effort, alongside technological development solutions and <em>a priori</em> strategy needs to improve TAD response operation outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 106365"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142676647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The global prevalence of microsporidia infection in rabbits as a neglected public health concern: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Amir Abdoli ,&nbsp;Meysam Olfatifar ,&nbsp;Leila Zaki ,&nbsp;Ali Asghari ,&nbsp;Kareem Hatam-Nahavandi ,&nbsp;Oskar Nowak ,&nbsp;Majid Pirestani ,&nbsp;Daniel Diaz ,&nbsp;Mohammad Ghaffari Cherati ,&nbsp;Aida Vafae Eslahi ,&nbsp;Milad Badri ,&nbsp;Panagiotis Karanis","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106380","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microsporidia are intracellular parasites with significant impact on both animal and human health. The prevalence of microsporidia infections in rabbits, including the genera <em>Enterocytozoon</em> and <em>Encephalitozoon</em>, underscores the importance of understanding their epidemiology for effective control strategies. This systematic review and meta-analysis estimated the global prevalence of microsporidia infection in rabbits using five databases (Scopus, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) to retrieve articles published between 03 December 2003 and 26 March 2023. The global prevalence was estimated with a 95 % confidence interval. All statistical analyses conducted were based on meta-package of R (version 3.6.1). A <em>p</em>-value lower than 0.05 was interpreted as statistically significant. A total of 71 studies comprising 72 datasets were included, yielding a global pooled prevalence of microsporidia infections in rabbits at 0.312 (0.250–0.378). The prevalence varied significantly by continent with highest observed in North America (0.495, 0.151–0.842). Slovenia had the highest pooled prevalence (0.714, 0.654–0.773). <em>Encephalitozoon cuniculi</em> accounted for the highest prevalence (0.338, 0.271–0.407). The findings highlight the global distribution of microsporidia in rabbit populations, emphasizing the zoonotic potential and public health implications. The predominance of <em>E. cuniculi</em> underscores its importance as a widespread pathogen affecting both animal and human health. The data underscore the need for continued surveillance and monitoring, particularly in regions with high prevalence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 106380"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142648596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic assessment of animal disease burden in Senegalese small ruminants","authors":"Anne Meyer ,&nbsp;Bakary Ndiaye ,&nbsp;Andrew Larkins ,&nbsp;Gemma Chaters ,&nbsp;William Gilbert ,&nbsp;Benjamin Huntington ,&nbsp;Guy Ilboudo ,&nbsp;Michel Dione ,&nbsp;Wudu Temesgen Jemberu ,&nbsp;Mame Nahé Diouf ,&nbsp;Assane Gueye Fall ,&nbsp;Mathioro Fall ,&nbsp;Mbargou Lo ,&nbsp;Jonathan Rushton","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Small ruminant production in sub-Saharan Africa is limited by a range of constraints, including animal health issues. This study aimed at estimating the impact of these issues on the small ruminant production in Senegal in a holistic manner, using an approach developed by the Global Burden of Animal Diseases (GBADs) programme. The estimation focused on the mixed crop-livestock system, representing a large proportion (&gt;60 %) of the small ruminant population in the country. It was based on existing data collected via a systematic literature review, acquisition of secondary datasets from local stakeholders, and expert elicitation. A dynamic population model was used to calculate the gross margin of the sector under both the current health constraints and an ideal health state, where animals are not exposed to causes of morbidity and mortality. The difference between the current and ideal health scenarios, termed the Animal Health Loss Envelope (AHLE), provides a quantitative measure of the farm-level cost of disease in the system. The all-cause AHLE was estimated at 292 billion FCFA (468 million USD, with 95 % prediction interval 216 – 366 billion FCFA) per year for 2022, for a population of 8.8 million animals. The contribution of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) was modelled separately, as an example of attributing part of the AHLE to a specific disease cause. PPR was estimated to contribute 5 % of the total AHLE. The animal disease burden experienced by Senegalese livestock keepers was largely due to loss in animals and production, with relatively small amounts of animal health expenditure. Implementation of this study contributed to the further development of the GBADs approach. Such estimates can support decision making at all levels, from investment decisions at the international level to local disease awareness campaigns targeting livestock keepers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 106382"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142639608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}