Preventive veterinary medicine最新文献

{"title":"Heterogeneous distribution of the reported prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis infections in Australian canids – A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Peter J. Atkinson ,&nbsp;Ryan O’Handley ,&nbsp;Torben Nielsen ,&nbsp;Charles G.B. Caraguel","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reports of <em>Dirofilaria immitis</em> infection vary by location in the USA and Europe, with an occurrence gradient increasing towards the equator and warmer climates. In Australia, heartworm preventative guidelines are not climate specific, implying homogenous risk of infection across the continent. We systematically reviewed the published literature to assess if the distribution of <em>D. immitis</em> infection varies in Australia. We sourced 41 relevant publications by searching multiple bibliographic databases and the citations of key articles. From those, we extracted the data from a total of 106 individual surveys of variable size and quality. The reported prevalences ranged from 0.0 % to 100.0 % and we meta-analysed the observed heterogeneity using survey location’s latitude, climate zone or temperature/humidity zone. Crude heterogeneity between surveys was partly explained (approximately 30 %) by temperature/humidity zone, and the quality of the surveys did not affect the proportional explanation of heterogeneity. There was significantly higher pooled prevalence in humid summer zones (18.7 %, 95 %CI: 10.9–30.1 %) compared to cool winter zones (2.1 %, 95 %CI: 1.0–4.3 %). Historical reports of <em>D. immitis</em> infection in Australia concur with the strong association to warmer climates observed in other continents. The current blanket recommendation for dirofilariosis preventative usage does not reflect the important variability of infection risk to canids across locations of Australia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 106438"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143040954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of real-time PCR for the detection of paratuberculosis in actual samples: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Tian Liu ,&nbsp;Hanyu Lin ,&nbsp;Lingling Zhu ,&nbsp;D. Aaron Yang ,&nbsp;Huochun Yao ,&nbsp;Zihao Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Paratuberculosis, an infectious and chronic ailment that affects ruminants, causes significant annual economic losses to the livestock industry. Early diagnosis and prompt culling are the primary measures for controlling this disease, highlighting the need for accurate and rapid diagnostic methods. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of quantitative PCR (qPCR) in the diagnosis of paratuberculosis. We searched for and selected articles from databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Elsevier ScienceDirect, Wiley-Blackwell, Springerlink, AGRICOLA, and CAB Abstracts, with VETQUADAS (VQ) employed to assess the quality of the literature. Meta-analysis and heterogeneity investigation were conducted using the “Meta4diag” package in “R” software, Meta-Disc 2.0, and Meta-Disc, while the Deeks’ test was utilized to detect publication bias. The studies included in the systematic review displayed a moderate level of heterogeneity (<em>I²</em> = 48.6 %) with no significant publication bias (<em>p</em> = 0.998). The pooled sensitivity was determined to be 0.92 [95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.85–0.96], and the specificity was 0.85 [95 % CI, 0.77–0.91], with a summary receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (SROCAUC) of 0.95 [95 % CI, 0.91–0.98]. These findings indicate that the qPCR method has high diagnostic value for identifying paratuberculosis in animals. Subgroup analysis revealed satisfactory stability in these studies; however, the current single-target qPCR detection strategy still has limitations, as it fails to simultaneously ensure both sensitivity and specificity. Future developments should focus on multi-target detection strategies to provide more reliable qPCR testing methods for controlling paratuberculosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 106436"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A retrospective case-control study of pregnancy failure in Thoroughbred horses in Australia","authors":"Cara S. Wilson ,&nbsp;Joan Carrick ,&nbsp;Patrick Shearer ,&nbsp;Jane Heller ,&nbsp;Victoria J. Brookes","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pregnancy failure is a serious economic and welfare concern in the Thoroughbred horse industry, yet its incidence and risk factors in Australia remain unclear. This retrospective, nested, case-control study investigated pregnancy failure in resident mares on studs in the Hunter Valley, Australia, in 2021—2022, in early (46–150 days), mid (151–270 days), and late (&gt;270 days) gestation. We found an annual incidence risk of 5.4 pregnancy failure cases/100 45-day pregnancies (0.05 cases/mare; 95 % CI 0.04—0.07), with full-term (perinatal) losses (≥320 days) accounting for 24 % of cases (95 % CI 14—37 %). There was no significant difference in loss according to mare age or reproductive history. Control mares had nearly six times higher odds of being vaccinated against Salmonellosis (<em>Salmonella enterica</em> subsp <em>enterica</em> serovar <em>Typhimurium</em>) compared to case mares (OR 5.92, 95 % CI 1.2—29.7). Environmental factors like paddocks with native trees were also associated with increased losses. The study provides evidence that <em>Salmonella</em> sp. might be an important cause of pregnancy failures in Australia. In addition, the findings contribute valuable baseline data for developing targeted surveillance strategies for pregnancy failure in Australian Thoroughbreds. Further investigation of factors such as <em>Salmonella</em> sp. is warranted to enhance breeding success and ensure welfare of Thoroughbred mares in Australia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 106424"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterising the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Australian veterinarians regarding Q fever and the diagnosis and reporting of coxiellosis","authors":"Tabita Tan,&nbsp;Jesse Fox,&nbsp;Lynne Hayes,&nbsp;Marta Hernandez-Jover,&nbsp;Jane Heller","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106421","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106421","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Q fever is a serious zoonotic disease that readily transmits from animals to humans. Infection in animals is known as coxiellosis. Veterinarians are in a key position to provide early detection of coxiellosis in animals that can aid the prevention or recognition of human cases. However, there is little information available about veterinary ability and willingness to diagnose and report this disease in animals. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of veterinarians regarding coxiellosis. An online survey was performed that targeted veterinarians in Australia from 2020 to 2021 and 122 responses were obtained. Results showed that veterinarians report a moderate amount of knowledge about Q fever in humans but an overwhelming lack of confidence around recognising and diagnosing the disease in animals with 70–80 % of respondents reporting that they were ‘not at all confident’ or ‘not very confident’. Most respondents (68 %) believed that coxiellosis was an important infection in animals because of its human health consequences and 84 % would report the infection if it were diagnosed. Barriers to diagnosis and reporting identified in this study include disease unfamiliarity, perception of disease insignificance, and futility of disease identification if there are no effective strategies in place for using diagnosis and notification of coxiellosis in controlling infection. Despite a deficit of self-reported knowledge and confidence regarding the diagnosis of coxiellosis, Australian veterinarians consider it to be an important zoonotic disease with implications for human health and are willing to collaborate with human health colleagues in a One Health approach around this issue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 106421"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143010555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A scoping review of studies reporting biosecurity practices in small and backyard farms raising livestock or poultry in developed countries, 2000–2022","authors":"Juliette Di Francesco ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Isenhower ,&nbsp;Erik D. Fausak ,&nbsp;Noelia Silva-Del-Rio ,&nbsp;Alda F.A. Pires","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the past two decades, there have been growing concerns around small and backyard farms in developed countries due to the potential risk they pose in introducing and spreading infectious disease agents. Ensuring high levels of biosecurity on these farms, through the maintenance of practices that prevent the introduction and transmission of disease agents, is essential in mitigating this risk. The aim of this study was to investigate, through a scoping review, the practices considered in articles reporting biosecurity in small and backyard farms raising livestock or poultry in developed countries, and how their implementation was examined. Eligibility criteria for inclusion of studies in this scoping review were based on population (small, hobby or backyard farms raising livestock or poultry), geographical location (developed countries), outcome (reported the implementation of biosecurity practices at the farm-level), study type (peer-reviewed primary research articles), and publication year (2000–2022). The databases searched included CAB Abstracts, MEDLINE, Scopus, AGRIS, and AGRICOLA. Two independent researchers screened abstracts and titles, and subsequently full texts for inclusion of studies. The data extracted from the full texts consisted of: (1) publication year; (2) journal; (3) definitions of “small,” “backyard,” and “hobby” used by authors; (4) study design and number of participants; (5) biosecurity practices assessed; (6) livestock and poultry species raised; and (7) geographical location. A total of 46 articles met the inclusion criteria. Almost all the included articles involved a questionnaire-based study (n = 44), and a majority of articles focused on poultry (n = 27) or swine (n = 11). Most of the articles were published after 2010 (n = 37). Among the 21 categories of biosecurity practices included, the most frequently reported were the introduction of new animals, contact with other domestic animals, measures related to personnel, and wildlife contact. The least frequently reported categories of biosecurity measures were the presence of a perimeter fence, vehicles and parking, contact with animals from other farms, and isolation of sick animals.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>from this scoping review show an extensive variation between articles, including differences in the number of participants, biosecurity practices examined, practices considered “biosecurity” per authors’ definition, measurement scale for reporting biosecurity practices, and definitions of “small,” “backyard,” and “hobby” used by the authors. These findings highlight the need to develop standardized definitions and adaptable biosecurity checklists for practices implemented in small and backyard farms, which would allow for better comparisons across regions and countries for future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 106423"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143010544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is a syndromic approach well suited to foodborne disease surveillance? Implication for salmonellosis surveillance and prevention in France from a “One Health” perspective","authors":"Géraldine Cazeau ,&nbsp;Briac Virey ,&nbsp;Carole Sala ,&nbsp;Renaud Lailler ,&nbsp;Adeline Huneau-Salaün ,&nbsp;Viviane Hénaux","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In response to the increasing emergence of zoonotic pathogens, flexible, multisectoral surveillance systems capable of generating alerts thanks to rapid, nonspecific detection, are crucial before pathogens reach human populations. Syndromic surveillance has proven to be a breakthrough for near real-time disease surveillance in the public health sector. It relies on existing nonspecific data, usually collected for other purposes. <em>Salmonella</em> is one of the leading causes of foodborne illness. Data from animal and human sectors can be used to help monitor it across the food chain and thus quickly detect outbreaks. For the first time, this work uses five datasets identified after mapping farm-to-fork surveillance systems in France to apply syndromic surveillance to foodborne <em>Salmonella</em> outbreaks. The datasets covered on-farm cattle mortality, laboratory <em>Salmonella</em> isolations, and entries to public emergency services from 2011 to 2018. Weekly time series were retrospectively analyzed with five detection algorithms (Holt-Winters, historical limits, exponentially weighted moving average, Shewhart, and cumulative sum) to identify abnormal excess events over the last three years. Our analysis revealed several simultaneous excess events reported across algorithms and datasets from both animal and human health sectors. This shows the potential of syndromic surveillance for monitoring foodborne disease using a One Health approach. Nevertheless, data quality and real-time data collection are key to reliable syndromic surveillance. Temporal and geographic resolutions can also affect anomaly detection. The added value of the different algorithms tested underline the importance of using statistics with complementary characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 106422"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143010558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dairy farmers’ intention to use calf management technologies in four European countries: A QCA and PLS-SEM approach","authors":"Charlotte Doidge ,&nbsp;Jade Bokma ,&nbsp;Noëlle ten Brinke ,&nbsp;Luis Pedro Carmo ,&nbsp;Petter Hopp ,&nbsp;Inge Santman-Berends ,&nbsp;Anouk Veldhuis ,&nbsp;Jasmeet Kaler","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Whilst livestock management technologies may help to improve productivity, economic performance, and animal welfare on farms, there has been low uptake of technologies across farming systems and countries. This study aimed to understand dairy farmers’ intention to use calf management technologies by combining partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) with qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). We evaluated the hypotheses that dairy farmers will intend to use calf technologies if they have sufficient competencies, sufficient materials, and positive meanings (e.g., attitudes or emotions) towards calf technologies, and they will not intend to use technologies if one of these elements is missing. An online survey was completed by 269 dairy farmers in Belgium, the Netherlands, Norway, and the UK. A PLS-SEM was developed, where the outcome was the number of calf management technologies that the respondent intended to use, and the latent constructs included meanings, materials, and competencies. QCA was then run separately for the datasets from each country. Intention to use technologies was the outcome, whereas positive meanings, sufficient materials, and sufficient competencies for technology use were conditions in the QCA. Evaluation of the PLS-SEM showed that reliability and validity of the latent constructs was appropriate for analysis. Assessment of the structural model indicated that having positive meanings regarding technologies significantly increased the number of calf technologies the farmer intended to use (β = 0.388, CI = 0.291 – 0.486). The QCA solutions show that the conditions for the intention to use, or not use, calf technologies differed between Belgium, the Netherlands, Norway, and the UK, but the presence (or absence) of positive meanings was consistently important. The solutions for Norway and Belgium aligned with our hypotheses, but the solutions for the Netherlands and UK did not. Some of the solutions exhibited features of causal complexity such as equifinality, conjunctural causation, and asymmetric causation, which would not be able to be easily identified using traditional regression analyses. This study highlights the causal complexity of technology use on farms as a social phenomenon. Furthermore, the study shows the usefulness of QCA for evaluating theoretical hypotheses regarding farmers’ behaviour. We suggest that researchers could use this method to investigate other practices on farms that may have causal complexity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 106417"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142971953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network analysis of cattle movement among municipalities in Minas Gerais State, Brazil, from 2013 to 2023","authors":"Anna Cecília Trolesi Reis Borges Costa ,&nbsp;Denis Lúcio Cardoso ,&nbsp;Luciana Faria de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Izabela Regina Cardoso de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Suman Bhowmick ,&nbsp;Marcos Amaku ,&nbsp;José Henrique Hildebrand Grisi Filho ,&nbsp;Andrey Pereira Lage ,&nbsp;Elaine Maria Seles Dorneles","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study was to characterize the movement among municipalities in Minas Gerais state, Brazil, and to perform a network analysis based on these movements. Data on cattle movement in Minas Gerais, Brazil, from January 2013 to August 2023 were acquired from Guia de Trânsito Animal (GTA) (Animal Transit Guide), mandatory in Brazil for all livestock movements, provided by Instituto Mineiro de Agropecuária (IMA) (State Animal Health Authority). Descriptive analysis was performed, the five most common municipalities that were the origin and destination of movements were described, and the reason for transportation was assessed. Municipalities were considered nodes and movements were the edges in the network analysis, which was also considered a direct graph. Most of the municipalities of origin and destination of movements were in Triângulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaíba region. The transportation directed to farms [5769,910/13,022,761 (44.31 %)] was the most observed considering the reason of transportation, followed by slaughterhouses [5196,787/13,022,761 (39.99 %)], livestock event [2040,698/13,022,761 (15.67 %)] and to others [15,366/13,022,761 (0.11 %)]. The analysis of cattle movements (according to the accessed GTA) among the years showed an average of 1042,153.27 (SD: 2889,595.96) movements. Additionally, the network analysis results described static and high-connected networks, with great values of municipalities in the strong component (850.27; SD: 1.19) and the presence of three large communities covering most of the state in all years (2013–2023). In general, our results demonstrated a highly connected network intrastate throughout the analyzed years, with movements particularly concentrated in the Triângulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaíba region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 106420"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143010561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors for the incursion of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus into poultry and other captive bird holdings in Denmark from 2020 to 2023: A case-control study","authors":"Helene Ane Jensen ,&nbsp;Søren Saxmose Nielsen ,&nbsp;Carsten Thure Kirkeby ,&nbsp;Matthew Denwood ,&nbsp;Lene Jung Kjær ,&nbsp;Yuan Liang ,&nbsp;Charlotte Kristiane Hjulsager ,&nbsp;Anette Ella Boklund","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is a major concern in terms of animal and human health. Between October 2020 and September 2023, there were 36 HPAI outbreaks detected in poultry and other captive birds in Denmark. However, it is often not possible to determine the exact route of introduction. We conducted a case-control study to compare the odds of exposure to a range of potential risk factors for HPAI virus incursion into Danish poultry or other captive bird holdings with HPAI outbreaks (cases) and with no HPAI outbreaks (controls) during the HPAI epidemiological seasons 2020/2021, 2021/2022 and 2022/2023. The owners of 38 % of the eligible case holdings and 45 % of the eligible control holdings declined to participate, suggesting that HPAI virus infection is a sensitive subject for some owners. The study population included 18 cases and 34 controls. We collected data primarily through questionnaire-based interviews and estimated odds ratios (OR) within a Bayesian framework using a Beta conjugate prior to define the odds directly, with Monte Carlo integration from these posterior distributions of odds to estimate the relevant OR with 95 % credible intervals (CI) and Bayesian p-values. The results indicated that the odds of observing wild waterfowl or gulls on the roof or around farm buildings compared to observing none within 500 m of the holding was higher for case holdings (OR: 18.7, 95 % CI: 3.1–148, p: 0.022). This information can be used for future risk-based monitoring, biosecurity management and placement of captive bird holdings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 106419"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A model-based approach to evaluate the effect of vaccination of the herd on transmission of equine herpesvirus 1 in naturally occurring outbreaks","authors":"R.M.A.C. Houben ,&nbsp;C. van Maanen ,&nbsp;J.R. Newton ,&nbsp;J. van den Broek ,&nbsp;M.M. Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan ,&nbsp;J.A.P. Heesterbeek","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) infection is the cause of high impact disease syndromes, affecting the global horse industry. The effect of vaccination on transmission dynamics of EHV-1 in naturally occurring outbreaks is not quantified. Our aims were to estimate <em>R</em>₀ for EHV-1 in equine populations from outbreak data, and evaluate the effect of vaccination status of the herd on <em>R</em> through a systematic review, model-based estimations and meta-analysis. A literature search for outbreak reports was carried out. Depending on available data, the early epidemic growth rate (GR) or final attack rate (AR) approach was used to estimate the basic reproduction number for that outbreak. Herd vaccination status, as well as virus genotype and use of antivirals were recorded. Only outbreaks in herds where either none or all of the horses had been vaccinated were included. An overall estimate for <em>R</em>₀ (non-vaccinated herds) and <em>R</em>_<em>v</em> (vaccinated herds) was computed by meta-analysis and the two groups were compared using a random effects model. Twelve outbreaks, in herds of 16–135 horses, met the inclusion criteria, of which six occurred in non-vaccinated herds and six in vaccinated herds. One <em>R</em>₀ calculation from a report describing empirical determination of a herd immunity threshold was also included. We found no evidence for a significant difference between estimates of <em>R</em>₀ and <em>R</em>_<em>V</em> in outbreaks: <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>ˆ</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>3.3</mn><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mn>2.6</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>4.0</mn></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>ˆ</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>2.7</mn><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mn>2.1</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>3.2</mn></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>, <em>p</em> = 0.15.</div><div>Our main limitations were our inability to investigate the influence of genotype or antivirals on results. Sensitivity analyses gave volatile p-values. In conclusion, we found no robust evidence for a significant reduction on transmission of EHV-1 in herds where all horses were vaccinated <em>vs</em> non-vaccinated herds. <span><math><mover><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>ˆ</mo></mrow></mover></math></span> in herds where all horses were vaccinated was substantially &gt; 1 and vaccination as a sole mitigating measure may have limited effect on transmission of EHV-1</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 106418"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142971943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}