Preventive veterinary medicine最新文献

{"title":"Calf mortality in Turkish dairy farms: Economic impact, regional disparities, and farm-level drivers","authors":"Ümit Avcioğlu ,&nbsp;Adem Aksoy ,&nbsp;Abdulbaki Bi̇lgi̇ç ,&nbsp;M. Sinan Aktaş ,&nbsp;M. Ali Tunç","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the economic burden of calf mortality in Turkish dairy farms and its impact on the national economy. We gathered research data by directly surveying dairy farms in seven provinces, each representing a distinct region of Turkiye. By conducting these surveys, we captured data on various aspects of calf mortality, including losses among non-pregnant cows aged two and older, pregnant cows, and those experiencing complications during birth, as well as losses within the 0–6 month age bracket. These figures were then amalgamated to establish the overall calf loss rate. Using a fractional probit model, we examined the empirical relationship between total calf loss rates and the socio-demographic characteristics of farm operators and their establishments. Our findings revealed that approximately 82 % of farms experienced some degree of calf loss, with the calf loss rate among dairy cattle farming accounting for nearly 20 %. Notably, regional disparities emerged as a key observation, alongside the identification of certain socio-demographic farm characteristics that proved statistically significant. Specifically, factors such as the prevalence of local cattle breeds, the proportion of crossbred bulls, as well as the numbers of heifers and calves, stood out as influential. Further scrutiny, fortified by ANOVA tests and relationships between the number of cows and total calf loss rate, underscored pronounced geographical disparities in post-estimation calf loss rates. Meanwhile, correlation heatmaps illuminated noteworthy relationships between specific cattle traits and the extent of calf losses. These findings not only underscore the severity of the issue but also highlight the urgency of preventive measures. In light of these insights, we offer pertinent policy recommendations to stakeholders and policymakers aimed at mitigating this considerable economic burden effectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141638893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing a surveillance programme for Salmonella Dublin in Austrian dairy herds by comparing herd-level vs. individual animal detection methods","authors":"Kerstin Hofer ,&nbsp;Barbara Trockenbacher ,&nbsp;Eva Sodoma ,&nbsp;Johannes L. Khol ,&nbsp;Michael Dünser ,&nbsp;Thomas Wittek","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106277","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Due to its increasing occurrence in cattle farms in various countries, leading to significant economic losses in affected livestock, &lt;em&gt;Salmonella enterica&lt;/em&gt; subspecies &lt;em&gt;enterica&lt;/em&gt; serovar Dublin (&lt;em&gt;S&lt;/em&gt;. Dublin) has become a highly investigated pathogen in cattle production. In Austria, there have been occasional human cases of &lt;em&gt;S&lt;/em&gt;. Dublin as well as an increase in laboratory-confirmed cases in cattle, indicating the need for a screening programme to determine the current status in Austria. The aims of this study were, firstly, to determine the seroprevalence of &lt;em&gt;S&lt;/em&gt;. Dublin in dairy herds through bulk milk screenings in two federal states (Salzburg, Tyrol) of Austria. Secondly, the study aimed to identify the infection status of the herds through individual animal and herd level detection, comparing microbiological, molecular and serological detection methods. The results of the study will allow the development of a sampling strategy for a surveillance programme in Austria.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A total of 6973 dairy farms were tested through serological bulk milk screening. The seroprevalence for the federal state of Tyrol was 14.8 % and for Salzburg it was 18.2 %, resulting in an average seroprevalence of 16.5 %. At an individual animal level, 205 (11.3 %) animals tested positive for shedding of &lt;em&gt;S&lt;/em&gt;. Dublin in the faeces through microbiological detection, and 268 (17.0 %) animals had positive values (ct value ≤ 38) by qPCR. The association between microbiological and molecular detection was statistically significant (p &lt; 0.001), with a calculated kappa value of 0.65 ± 0.27 (p ≤ 0.001), assuming a substantial level of agreement. In 17 herds, where an individual animal tested positive for shedding of &lt;em&gt;S&lt;/em&gt;. Dublin, environmental sampling and testing were carried out. At a herd level 16 (94.1 %) out of the 17 participating herds, tested positive for &lt;em&gt;S&lt;/em&gt;. Dublin either microbiologically or by molecular assay in boot swab samples. Bulk milk samples from 14 out of the 17 participating herds were analysed for antibodies to &lt;em&gt;S&lt;/em&gt;. Dublin and 12 samples (85.7 %) were positive. In total 111 (18.9 %) out of 587 blood samples tested positive for &lt;em&gt;S&lt;/em&gt;. Dublin antibodies, demonstrating a statistically significant correlation (p &lt; 0.001) both with microbiological (κ = 0.32 ± 0.49; p ≤ 0.001) and molecular (κ=0.23 ± 0.06; p ≤ 0.001) findings.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;It was possible to identify &lt;em&gt;S&lt;/em&gt;. Dublin by culture from boot swabs in 14 (82.4 %) out of 17 herds and by molecular assay using qPCR in 15 (88.2 %) out of 17 herds, indicating a suitable sample type for screening on a herd level-basis for acute infections, but not for identifying chronic infections or asymptomatic carriers. Other environmental samples, such as sponge-sticks, are only suitable to a limited extent for the detection of &lt;em&gt;S&lt;/em&gt;. Dublin. The results of this study demonstrate a moderate &lt;em&gt;S&lt;/em&gt;. Dublin prevalence in dairy herds in the se","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106277"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence and recurrence of bovine abortion in dairy cattle from Costa Rica","authors":"Emilia Vindas-van der Wielen ,&nbsp;José Rojas-Campos ,&nbsp;Juan José Romero-Zúñiga ,&nbsp;Gustavo Monti","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The reproductive efficiency and milk yield of cows are crucial factors in a dairy farm's profitability. However, abortions can have a negative impact on these factors. While the morbidity of abortion has been estimated in many countries, information on the burden on dairy cattle in tropical conditions is limited, and Costa Rica is a good example. This study aims to assess the incidence and recurrence of bovine abortion in dairy cattle from Costa Rica. The study analysed the morbidity of abortion in Costa Rican dairy herds between 2010 and 2022. The incidence rate (IR) and the recurrence rate (ReR) were calculated per 100 cow-months at risk using data from the Veterinary Automated Management and Production Control Programme (VAMPP). The dataset comprised 1032,457 lactations from 330,265 cows in 1134 specialized dairy herds. Abortions were classified either as early foetal mortality (EFM) or late foetal mortality (LFM). Rates were estimated based on cow breed, lactation number, and ecological zone to which the farm belongs. The IR of general abortion, EFM, and LFM cases were 0.98, 0.41, and 0.57 per 100 cow-months at risk, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found in the IR between cow breed, lactation number, and ecological zone, nor for the trend of abortions over calving years. The first ReR (for cows that had one previous abortion during the lactation) was 0.95, and the second ReR (for cows that had two previous abortions during the lactation) was 1.41 per 100 cow-months at risk. These results suggest that bovine abortions are an important ongoing problem in dairy farms in Costa Rica with potentially detrimental effects on the reproductive and productive performance of cows and may be representative of other specialized tropical dairy systems in Latin America.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106256"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587724001429/pdfft?md5=fe34b770777f778a989d567aa2716aef&pid=1-s2.0-S0167587724001429-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141604028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure of small ruminants to the Schmallenberg arbovirus in Germany from 2017 to 2018 – animal-specific and flock-management-related risk factors","authors":"Frederik Kiene ,&nbsp;Martin Ganter ,&nbsp;Benjamin U. Bauer","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Schmallenberg virus (SBV), an emerging <em>Orthobunyavirus</em> of mainly ruminant hosts, caused a substantial epidemic in European ruminant populations between 2011 and 2013. The pathogen is transmitted by arthropod vectors (<em>Culicoides</em> spp.) and can cause reproductive disorders and severe malformations of the offspring or stillbirth. The present study aimed to assess SBV seroprevalence among German sheep and goats a few years after the first virus detection in the country (November 2011). In addition, an extensive risk factor analysis including host-specific and husbandry-related factors was implemented. Seroprevalence was determined by examining serum samples from 2759 sheep and 446 goats out of a total of 70 flocks across five German federal states. The samples were withdrawn in the period between 2017 and 2018. Using a commercial competitive ELISA, antibodies against SBV were detected in all 70 investigated flocks. A percentage of 60.1 % (1657/2759) of the sheep and 40.4 % (180/446) of the goat sera contained SBV antibodies. Generalized linear mixed modeling revealed significant effects of host species (sheep &gt; goats), age (old &gt; young) and sex (female &gt; male) on SBV seroprevalence. For both species, also the farming purpose, and for goats, ectoparasite treatment and the presence of cattle on the farm played a role in terms of risk for SBV exposure. The observations from this study still emphasize a wide distribution of the pathogen in Germany. Nevertheless, the observed seroprevalence might not be sufficient to achieve effective herd immunity. Pinpointing risk factors identified susceptible populations for targeted vaccination programs to reduce potential animal losses caused by SBV.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106274"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587724001600/pdfft?md5=b4a63fb0ea9d320563c93915b77710fb&pid=1-s2.0-S0167587724001600-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141541598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An exploration of descriptive machine learning approaches for antimicrobial resistance: Multidrug resistance patterns in Salmonella enterica","authors":"Abdolreza Mosaddegh ,&nbsp;Claudia Cobo Angel ,&nbsp;Maya Craig ,&nbsp;Kevin J. Cummings ,&nbsp;Casey L. Cazer","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Salmonellosis is one of the most common foodborne diseases worldwide, with the ability to infect humans and animals. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and, particularly, multidrug resistance (MDR) among <em>Salmonella enterica</em> poses a risk to human health. Antimicrobial use (AMU) regulations in livestock have been implemented to reduce AMR and MDR in foodborne pathogens. In this study, we used an integrated machine learning approach to investigate <em>Salmonella</em> AMR and MDR patterns before and after the implementation of AMU restrictions in agriculture in the United States. For this purpose, <em>Salmonella</em> isolates from cattle in the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) dataset were analysed using three descriptive models consisting of hierarchical clustering, network analysis, and association rule mining. The analysis showed the impact of the United States’ 2012 extra-label cephalosporin regulations on AMR trends and revealed a distinctive MDR pattern in the Dublin serotype. The results also indicated that each descriptive model provides insights on a specific aspect of resistance patterns and, therefore, combining these approaches make it possible to gain a deeper understanding of AMR.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106261"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587724001478/pdfft?md5=c0440490fe46283bb16860412b39c957&pid=1-s2.0-S0167587724001478-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141535125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Would you bet on the vet? Influences on dairy farmers' vaccination choices, with a spotlight on the Veterinarian impact","authors":"Michal Morgenstern ,&nbsp;Jaap Sok ,&nbsp;Eyal Klement","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ensuring effective vaccination is crucial for epidemic control, particularly in voluntary vaccination scenarios. Though highly important for planning voluntary vaccination programs, we lack insights into the effectiveness of veterinarian communication and the impact of disease-specific traits on farmer vaccination intentions. To fill this void, our study compared five diseases affecting Israeli dairy cattle (Botulism, Bovine Ephemeral Fever (BEF), Brucellosis, Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD), and Rabies). Using questionnaires grounded in the theory of planned behavior, we surveyed 340 Israeli dairy farmers to understand their vaccination intentions for each disease.Simultaneously, veterinarians overseeing these farms provided insights into their opinions and perceived influence on vaccination decisions. Results revealed varying levels of farmer vaccination intention, with Botulism showing the highest and BEF the lowest. Social pressure significantly influenced farmers' vaccination intentions, with distinct patterns across diseases. Veterinarian opinions had the highest influence only for LSD, while other factors played crucial roles in different diseases. Intriguingly, there was no correlation between veterinarians' recommendations and farmers' perceptions of these recommendations. In conclusion, the optimization of voluntary vaccination programs necessitates tailoring interventions to the unique characteristics of each disease. Additionally, improving communication between veterinarians and farmers is essential, with an emphasis on effective risk communication training.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106262"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns and drivers of antibiotic use in small-scale broiler production systems in Lilongwe District, Malawi","authors":"Shareef Mtila Ngunguni ,&nbsp;Arshnee Moodley ,&nbsp;Chisomo Msefula ,&nbsp;Rajab Mkakosya ,&nbsp;Dishon M. Muloi","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reducing the inappropriate use of antibiotics in food animals is a global priority to address antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We investigated practices and factors associated with antibiotic use in small-scale commercial broiler farms in Lilongwe district, Malawi. We used structured questionnaires to collect data on recent antibiotic use practices among 128 broiler farmers, who kept between 50 and 1 000 birds, from December 2022 to March 2023. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors associated with antibiotic use. Over half (53.1 %, n=68) of the farms reported using antibiotics at least once in the previous <strong>production</strong> cycle. Overall, 11 different types of antibiotics were used either for treatment and/or preventive purposes, with oxytetracycline (88.2 %), erythromycin (29.4 %), and enrofloxacin (26.5 %) reported as the frequently used. One-third of all antibiotic formulations contained multiple active antibiotic ingredients, with 12 % containing four antibiotics. Covariates associated with an increased likelihood of antibiotic use include disease incidence (OR=13.8, 95 % CI 5.27–42.50, p&lt;0.001) and entry of wild birds into poultry houses (OR=3.56, 95 % CI =1.44–9.61, p=0.008). Our study highlights inappropriate usage of antibiotics, largely associated with reduced biosecurity and disease incidence. These findings underscore the need to <strong>strengthen</strong> veterinary services, reinforce regulations on antibiotic access and use, and farmer education programs promoting proper husbandry, biosecurity, and responsible antibiotic use.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106263"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587724001491/pdfft?md5=4d2b218e687c20c75bf5bc685002d2b7&pid=1-s2.0-S0167587724001491-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141535126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the risk of introduction of highly pathogenic avian influenza to Swedish poultry","authors":"Pascale Stiles ,&nbsp;Malin Grant ,&nbsp;Hyeyoung Kim ,&nbsp;Arianna Comin ,&nbsp;Mikael Svensson ,&nbsp;Johan Nilsson ,&nbsp;Maria Nöremark","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) have resulted in severe economic impact for national governments and poultry industries globally and in Sweden in recent years. Veterinary authorities can enforce prevention measures, e.g. mandatory indoor housing of poultry, in HPAI high-risk areas. The aim of this study was to conduct a spatiotemporal mapping of the risk of introduction of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) to Swedish poultry from wild birds, utilising existing data sources. A raster calculation method was used to assess the spatiotemporal risk of introduction of HPAIV to Swedish poultry. The environmental infectious pressure of HPAIV was first calculated in each 5 km by 5 km cell using four risk factors: density of selected species of wild birds, air temperature, presence of agriculture as land cover and presence of HPAI in wild birds based on data from October 2016-September 2021. The relative importance of each risk factor was weighted based on opinion of experts. The estimated environmental infectious pressure was then multiplied with poultry population density to obtain risk values for risk of introduction of HPAIV to poultry. The results showed a large variation in risk both on national and local level. The counties of Skåne and Östergötland particularly stood out regarding environmental infectious pressure, risk of introduction to poultry and detected outbreaks of HPAI. On the other hand, there were counties, identified as having higher risk of introduction to poultry which never experienced any outbreaks. A possible explanation is the variation in poultry production types present in different areas of Sweden. These results indicate that the national and local variation in risk for HPAIV introduction to poultry in Sweden is high, and this would support more targeted compulsory prevention measures than what has previously been employed in Sweden. With the current and evolving HPAI situation in Europe and on the global level, there is a need for continuous updates to the risk map as the virus evolves and circulates in different wild bird species. The study also identified areas of improvement, in relation to data use and data availability, e.g. improvements to poultry registers, inclusion of citizen reported mortality in wild birds, data from standardised wild bird surveys, wild bird migration data as well as results from ongoing risk-factor studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106260"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587724001466/pdfft?md5=112a7add0abc40d1af0a4fd668b56260&pid=1-s2.0-S0167587724001466-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141559506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccinating parent flocks against colibacillosis reduces broiler mortality – A retrospective observational study from 2016 to 2019 in Finland","authors":"Mia Biström ,&nbsp;Pia Vennerström ,&nbsp;Tarja Pohjanvirta ,&nbsp;Jukka Ranta","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Colibacillosis is one of the most important infectious diseases in modern poultry production. The complex nature of colibacillosis has made it challenging to produce an effective vaccine. As a control measure for colibacillosis outbreak in Finland, a vaccination program with a commercial colibacillosis vaccine and later also an autogenous vaccine was started for parent flocks in 2017. In this retrospective observational study from years 2016–2019, we evaluated first week and total mortality of broiler flocks (n= 6969) originating from parents with different colibacillosis vaccination status. Broiler flocks were divided into three groups according to vaccination status of their parent flocks. First group were flocks from parents with no colibacillosis vaccines; second group was flocks from parents vaccinated with commercial vaccine only; and third group was flocks from parents with both commercial and autogenous vaccine. Bayesian modelling was used to predict posterior distributions of first week mortality and total mortality of the broiler flocks. Results of the modelling revealed that broiler flocks from unvaccinated parents had the highest mortality rates (mean first week mortality 1.40 % and mean total mortality 4.33 %, respectively) whereas flocks from parents with a combination of commercial and autogenous vaccinations had the lowest mortality rates (mean first week mortality 0,91 % and mean total mortality 3,14 %). The mortalities from broilers flocks from parents with only commercial vaccine fell in between these groups. Also, standard deviations of mortality rates were lower in broilers from parents with commercial or both vaccines. This demonstrates that in addition to lowering the mean mortality rates, the vaccinations made high mortality broiler flocks less common. Best performance was obtained when autogenous vaccine was combined to the commercial vaccine. The autogenous vaccine consists of the same type of <em>Escherichia coli</em> strain that was causing most colibacillosis cases during the study period in Finland. This study adds to the evidence of benefits of colibacillosis vaccines during outbreaks. It also demonstrates the importance of the knowledge of the types of APEC strains causing outbreaks to produce effective autogenous vaccines.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587724001442/pdfft?md5=37c35c6cc09db6652a6dc18169048912&pid=1-s2.0-S0167587724001442-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141482443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A randomized trial on the effects of heat abatement during the pre-weaning phase on growth and reproductive performance of heifers and health, reproductive and productive performances of cows","authors":"Ana B. Montevecchio ,&nbsp;Ricardo C. Chebel","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Evaluation of heat stress abatement for pre-weaned dairy calves is a rare endeavor. We aimed to assess the impacts of cooling the environment of pre-weaned calves through ceiling fans on their performance after weaning and during their first lactation. We randomly assigned female Holstein calves to one of two treatment at birth (day 0): individual frame-wire hutches in a non-cooled barn (\"SH\", n = 125) and individual frame-wire hutches in a barn equipped with ceiling fans (\"SHF\", n = 101). Calves were housed under the same barn, with treatments applied in three alternating sections. Ceiling fans (2.1 m in diameter) were positioned 4.1 m from the ground and 7.6 m apart (center-to-center). Shade cloths were used to separate the sections designated for the SH and SHF treatments. Post-weaning, heifers were commingled. We recorded body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) at weaning, 5, 7, and 10 mo of age. Pregnancy to first artificial insemination (P/1AI), hazard of pregnancy, and the hazard of commencing the first lactation are reported. Body weight at first calving, P/1AI, hazard of pregnancy, and milk yield in the first lactation are reported. No differences in BW (5 mo: SH = 162.9 ± 1.6 kg vs. SHF = 162.3 ± 1.6 kg; 7 mo: SH = 200.8 ± 2.2 kg vs. SHF = 201.1 ± 2.3 kg; 10 mo: SH = 300.5 ± 2.6 kg vs. SHF = 300.0 ± 2.8 kg) and ADG (SH = 0.94 ± 0.02 kg/d, SHF = 0.94 ± 0.02 kg/d) from 5 to 10 mo of age were detected. Treatment did not affect P/1AI (SH = 53.5 %, SHF = 45.9 %) and hazard of pregnancy [SH = referent, SHF – adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 0.87 (95 % CI = 0.65, 1.18)], but heifers in the SHF treatment were less likely to initiate the first lactation (76.2 % vs. 86.4 %). Body weight at calving (SH = 612.4 ± 5.3 kg, SHF = 618.2 ± 5.9 kg) and milk yield (SH = 39.0 ± 0.48 kg/d, SHF = 38.3 ± 0.57 kg/d) were not different, but the SHF treatment resulted in lower P/1AI (38.4 % vs. 51.4 %) and hazard of pregnancy (AHR = 0.68, 95 % CI = 0.49, 0.93) and fewer cows starting their second lactation (57.4 % vs. 72.8 %). In our experiment, providing cooling through ceiling fans during the pre-weaning phase had a negative impact on the reproductive performance of Holstein cows during their first lactation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106259"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141535124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}