Preventive veterinary medicine最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of nasal swab and nasal wipe for detection of Influenza A in swine using Bayesian latent class analysis","authors":"Francisco Elias Vendruscolo ,&nbsp;Caroline Pissetti ,&nbsp;Eduardo de Freitas Costa ,&nbsp;Janice Reis Ciacci Zanella","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Influenza A virus (IAV) is an important pathogen in Brazilian swine herds, and monitoring the viral circulation is essential to control and reduce the transmission. Surveillance programs for IAV are often based on individual piglets level sampling, making the evaluation of the available diagnostic tools crucial to assessing IAV circulation in herds. Thus, two sample collection methodologies were compared in pig herds in southern Brazil to detect IAV by RT-qPCR: nasal swab (NS) and nasal wipe (NW). A Bayesian latent class model (BLCM) was set for two tests and two populations. The NW and NS used are more specific (higher than 95 % for both) than sensitive. The sensitivity for NW was lower than the NS, 84.14 % (70 % – 95 %; posterior probability interval (PPI): 95 %) and 87.15 % (73 % – 97 %; PPI: 95 %), respectively, and the specificity was 95 % (90 % – 99 %; PPI: 95 %) and 99 % (96 % – 100 %; PPI: 95 %), respectively. Although the wipe sample collection loses both sensitivity and specificity compared with nasal swab, differences in test performance were very limited and PPIs largely overlapped. Therefore NW can also be considered a valuable tool. The decision about the use of both techniques should be based on the trade-off between their performance limitations and feasibility in routine monitoring.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141788921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beliefs, mindset and personality of farm managers working in large commercial dairy herds: Association with calf on-farm mortality","authors":"Kerli Mõtus ,&nbsp;Dagni-Alice Viidu ,&nbsp;Tanel Kaart ,&nbsp;Eamonn Ferguson","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to describe the attitudes and personalities of farm managers (FMs) in large Estonian dairy herds and analyse the potential associations with calf mortality. The study included FMs from 114 free-stall farms with at least 100 cows. Each participant completed a questionnaire that comprised questions about the respondent and various statements to reveal their attitudes towards calves, calf mortality, and farming in general. A 7-point Likert scale was used to record the responses. The data on the number of live births and deaths and animal movement data were gathered from farm records and the Estonian Agricultural Registers and Information Board. The yearly calf mortality risk (%) during the first 21 days (YAG) and mortality rate between 22–90 days of age (OAG) adjusted for the animal time-at-risk were then calculated for each herd. Univariate negative binomial regression analysis was used to identify associations between calf mortality risk/rate, and the studied statements and variables with a p-value &lt; 0.25 were included in a k-modes clustering analysis. The mean calf mortality risk was determined to be 5.9 % (range 0.0–26.8 %) during the first 21 days and mean calf mortality rate was 1.8 (range 0.0–9.2) deaths per 100 calf-months during 22–90 days of age. In both age group analyses, two FMs´ clusters formed based on 17 pre-selected statements. The FMs of the high-mortality cluster were found to be dissatisfied with the calf mortality levels. In the YAG analysis, FMs from high-mortality cluster gave lower priority to the issue of calf mortality, placed high importance on the influence of workers on calf mortality, and were more satisfied with the staff's performance compared to FMs of the cluster of herds with lower calf mortality. They were additionally less satisfied with their own performance and felt less recognized by the farm staff. They were also more inclined to try new products and practices on the farm and demonstrated greater empathy towards cattle. In the OAG analysis, the FMs from the higher-mortality cluster viewed reducing calf mortality more costly, had a less ambitious and target-driven management style, and rated their self-performance lower. This study determined that FMs working in herds with high calf mortality were dissatisfied and did not prioritize addressing calf mortality compared to managers working in farms with lower calf mortality. FMs' attitudes and management styles were associated with calf mortality, while the respondents' personality traits had little influence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106283"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141637830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combination of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and an indirect fluorescence assay for a nationwide sero-survey of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pig herds in Taiwan","authors":"Kendy Tzu-Yun Teng ,&nbsp;Chao-Chin Chang ,&nbsp;Shao-Wen Hung ,&nbsp;Ming-Tang Chiou ,&nbsp;Chao-Nan Lin ,&nbsp;Cheng-Yao Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> is a zoonotic pathogen that can infect farm animals, companion animals, and humans, sometimes causing public health issues. In Taiwan, the pig industry is a vital agricultural industry, with a self-sufficiency rate of 91 %, and pigs are also food-producing animal reservoirs of <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em>. Infected pigs are usually asymptomatic, and abortions and death may occur in severe cases. We combined an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an indirect fluorescence assay (IFA) to investigate the seroprevalence of <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> among pig populations in Taiwan. A stratified sampling approach to determine the number of sample farms proportional to the number of pig farms in each county was employed, with 15 blood samples collected at each farm between July and September 2017. With the tested results, empirical Bayesian smoothing was utilized to assess the proportion of <em>Toxoplasma</em>-positive farms at the county level. Bayesian mixed-effects logistic regression models, incorporating farm and county as random effects, were employed to investigate associations between <em>Toxoplasma</em> test results and potential risk factors. A total of 930 serum samples from 62 pig farms were collected and tested. An overall herd prevalence of 27.4 % was shown with the seroprevalence in northern Taiwan being greater than that in southern Taiwan. The sampling month and companion dog density in 2017 were significantly associated with <em>Toxoplasma</em> infections in pigs. With every increase in the number of companion dogs per km² at the county level, the odds of <em>Toxoplasma</em> infection in pigs increased by 4.7 % (95 % CI: 1.7–8.9 %). This study demonstrated that combining ELISA for screening with IFA for confirmation is a cost-effective and time-saving method for conducting a large-scale sample investigation. This was also the first nationwide, cross-sectional study in Taiwanese pig herds to investigate <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> infection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106286"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587724001727/pdfft?md5=c0d74c959aaa2f717d68ce1eff17cb6a&pid=1-s2.0-S0167587724001727-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141715635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zoonotic sporotrichosis in humans and domestic cats: Profile of notifications and spatio-temporal distribution in Southeastern Brazil between 2017 and 2023","authors":"Ailton Junior Antunes da Costa ,&nbsp;Maria Helena Franco Morais ,&nbsp;Isadora Martins Pinto Coelho ,&nbsp;Fernanda do Carmo Magalhães ,&nbsp;Rafael Romero Nicolino ,&nbsp;Marcelo Antônio Nero ,&nbsp;Otávia Augusta de Mello ,&nbsp;Marcos Xavier Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The research addresses zoonotic sporotrichosis in Brazil, particularly caused by <em>Sporothrix brasiliensis</em>, highlighting its epidemiological severity. Transmission occurs through contact with sick animals, especially felines, and diagnosis in humans is challenging due to the low fungal load in the lesions. The study analyzed data from Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) and Zoonosis Surveillance Unit (UVZ) from January 2017 to March 2023, carried out in Contagem, Minas Gerais. Geospatial tools and statistical analysis revealed a significant increase in cases, peaking in 2021 for felines and 2022 for humans. The geospatial analysis highlighted areas of higher incidence, suggesting a correlation between human and feline populations. The research contributes to the understanding of sporotrichosis in Contagem, emphasizing the importance of integrated approaches for surveillance and control strategies, aiming to mitigate impacts on the local community.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106275"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141709735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A stochastic modeling study of quarantine strategies against foot-and-mouth disease risks through cattle trades across the Thailand-Myanmar border","authors":"Phrutsamon Wongnak ,&nbsp;Terdsak Yano ,&nbsp;Satoshi Sekiguchi ,&nbsp;Karine Chalvet-Monfray ,&nbsp;Sith Premashthira ,&nbsp;Weerapong Thanapongtharm ,&nbsp;Anuwat Wiratsudakul","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an important endemic disease in livestock in Southeast Asia. Transboundary movement of animals may result in the transnational disease spread. A major cattle market is located at the Thailand-Myanmar border, where most cattle imported from Myanmar are traded. In this study, we built a stochastic susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (SEIR) model to investigate the effectiveness of a private animal quarantine service center in preventing FMDV from entering the major cattle market. We computed with different parameters and found that, with 50 % vaccine effectiveness, the risk of releasing infected cattle to the market per batch was generally low during the quarantine period of 21 and 28 days, with the risk ranging from 0.071 to 0.078 and 0.032 to 0.036, respectively. Despite the best scenario, the zero-risk state is difficult to attain. The sensitivity analysis highlights that the percentage of immune animals before entering the quarantine centers and the vaccine effectiveness are important factors. In conclusion, the 21-day quarantine period mitigates the risk of FMDV introduction into the cattle market. This control measure should be rigorously maintained to sustainably prevent FMDV outbreaks through transboundary animal movements, especially among countries in FMD-endemic regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106282"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587724001685/pdfft?md5=fef85c6363e4d4961d807af268703b04&pid=1-s2.0-S0167587724001685-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141704544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A methodological framework to characterize the wildlife-livestock interface: The case of wild boar in mainland Spain","authors":"Carmen Ruiz-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;José A. Blanco-Aguiar ,&nbsp;Javier Fernández-López ,&nbsp;Pelayo Acevedo ,&nbsp;Vidal Montoro ,&nbsp;Sonia Illanas ,&nbsp;Alfonso Peralbo-Moreno ,&nbsp;Cesar Herraiz ,&nbsp;Joaquín Vicente","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106280","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The representation of wildlife-livestock interface (WLI) at an accurate spatial resolution poses several challenges. Furthermore, there is a lack of published material providing detailed descriptions of geospatial techniques for the purpose of producing visual results that are interpretable and contrastable for epidemiological analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our aim is to develop a standardized, applicable, and scalable methodological framework for describing and characterizing the WLI across a large spatial extent. Subsequently, we aim to employ this framework to depict specific WLI based on different epidemiological scenarios determined by the abundance of wild boar (&lt;em&gt;Sus scrofa&lt;/em&gt;) and domestic ungulates as an illustrative case, specifically focusing on mainland Spain.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;To establish a methodological framework, we merged data from both wild and domestic sources into a hexagonal grid. We utilized data on wild boar hunting and the locations of pig, cattle, sheep, and goat farms in mainland Spain. New variables were derived from this combined dataset to illustrate the overlapping abundance between wild boar and domestic species. Finally, a cluster analysis of the generated variables was carried out, with the aim of distinguishing and characterizing various scenarios of the wild boar-domestic ungulate interface in mainland Spain.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The hexagonal grid proved appropriate to represent and evaluate the WLI at fine spatial resolution over such broad extent. Despite the inability to ascribe a dominant livestock type and production system to a specific region, we were able to identify fifteen main areas of interest in terms of overlap. As for extensive livestock, normally at the highest risk of interaction with wild boar, the primary regions in Spain were those with &lt;em&gt;dehesa&lt;/em&gt; agroecosystem and the Atlantic areas. Certain scenarios were particularly relevant in terms of risk for interaction and subsequent transmission of disease, namely, the case of extensive pig production in south western Spain (&lt;em&gt;dehesa&lt;/em&gt; agroecosystem), which is especially concerned about the potential introduction of African Swine fever (ASF) in the Country.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Discussion and conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;We provide a basis for visualizing and understanding of different WLI scenarios, which is extensible to other regions and interfaces, and automatable where precise source of data from wildlife and livestock are available. This spatial statistics framework enables the utilization of high-resolution data, ensuring consistency on uniform grids. This aligns with the needs of high-resolution disease dissemination models based on wildlife behaviour. Such aspects are crucial for developing risk assessment and improving strategies for the prevention, control, and eradication of shared priority emerging diseases at national and international levels, such as ASF.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587724001661/pdfft?md5=3ae01062888390d3e8f1ccda12e95177&pid=1-s2.0-S0167587724001661-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141711899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal analysis of equine infectious anemia and prediction of risk areas in Europe","authors":"Qi An ,&nbsp;Yuepeng Li ,&nbsp;Zhuo Sun ,&nbsp;Xiang Gao ,&nbsp;Hongbin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA) is a vector-borne persistent viral infection in equine animals. The EIA is characterized by recurrent fever, thrombocytopenia, depression, anemia, rapid weight loss, and lower body edema. Control of EIA is achieved through the elimination or isolation of infected animals, resulting in significant economic losses. In recent years, many countries in Europe have experienced outbreaks of EIA, which could potentially develop into a new wave of epidemic and pose a significant threat to the healthy development of the equine industry. This study utilized spatiotemporal analysis techniques and ecological niche modeling to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of historical EIA outbreaks and predict risk areas for EIA occurrence in Europe. Spatiotemporal analysis results indicate that from 2005 to 2023, the EIA outbreaks in Europe exhibit five significant spatiotemporal clusters, with hotspots concentrated in southeastern France and northwestern Italy. Ecological niche modeling reveals that western, central, and southern Europe are high-risk areas for EIA outbreaks. Annual mean temperature, annual precipitation, and horse density are important variables that influence the occurrence of EIA. The results of this study can provide decision-makers with valuable insights, helping with EIA monitoring and resource allocation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106281"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141580632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing the intrastate and interstate swine movement network in the United States","authors":"Nicolas C. Cardenas ,&nbsp;Arthur Valencio ,&nbsp;Felipe Sanchez ,&nbsp;Kathleen C. O’Hara ,&nbsp;Gustavo Machado","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Identifying and restricting animal movements is a common approach used to mitigate the spread of diseases between premises in livestock systems. Therefore, it is essential to uncover between-premises movement dynamics, including shipment distances and network-based control strategies. Here, we analyzed three years of between-premises pig movements, which include 197,022 unique animal shipments, 3973 premises, and 391,625,374 pigs shipped across 20 U.S. states. We constructed unweighted, directed, temporal networks at 180-day intervals to calculate premises-to-premises movement distances, the size of connected components, network loyalty, and degree distributions, and, based on the out-going contact chains, identified network-based control actions. Our results show that the median distance between premises pig movements was 74.37 km, with median intrastate and interstate movements of 52.71 km and 328.76 km, respectively. On average, 2842 premises were connected via 6705 edges, resulting in a weak giant connected component that included 91 % of the premises. The premises-level network exhibited loyalty, with a median of 0.65 (IQR: 0.45 – 0.77). Results highlight the effectiveness of node targeting to reduce the risk of disease spread; we demonstrated that targeting 25 % of farms with the highest degree or betweenness limited spread to 1.23 % and 1.7 % of premises, respectively. While there is no complete shipment data for the entire U.S., our multi-state movement analysis demonstrated the value and the needs of such data for enhancing the design and implementation of proactive­ disease control tactics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106264"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141617065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic losses due to foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Ethiopian cattle","authors":"P. Rasmussen ,&nbsp;A.P. Shaw ,&nbsp;W.T. Jemberu ,&nbsp;T. Knight-Jones ,&nbsp;B. Conrady ,&nbsp;O.O. Apenteng ,&nbsp;Y. Cheng ,&nbsp;V. Muñoz ,&nbsp;J. Rushton ,&nbsp;P.R. Torgerson","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ethiopia’s cattle population is among the largest in Africa and is burdened by frequent foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks. FMD is caused by several distinct and highly contagious viral strains that can result in acute disease in cattle, causing losses in productivity and impeding international trade. This economic simulation study considered four main sources of losses due to FMD in cattle: reduced milk yield, draft power yield, fertility, and increased mortality. Economic losses were estimated per case across age-sex strata in 89 Ethiopian administrative zones for the years 2010–2021 using a wide range of data to estimate distributions for 30 input variables in a series of Monte Carlo simulations. It was estimated that an average case of FMD in Ethiopian cattle results in losses (mean values reported followed 95 % confidence intervals in brackets) of US dollars (USD) 11 (USD 7–USD 16) per case. Losses resulting from an average outbreak were estimated to be USD 2300 (USD 1400–USD 3300), while national annual losses were estimated to be USD 0.9 Mil. (USD 0.2 Mil.–USD 2.3 Mil.). Per cow-year, based on a national cow population of approximately 39 Mil. head, these estimated annual losses are equivalent to losses of only USD 0.02 (USD 0.01–USD 0.06). Nationally, these losses were significantly less than previously estimated in the literature, with currently estimated losses more accurately reflecting the economic burden of FMD in Ethiopian cattle over the past decade. The relatively small estimated losses suggest that control efforts based on widespread vaccination in countries with primarily extensive cattle production systems, such as Ethiopia, are unlikely to be economically sound. Sensitivity analyses suggested losses would be far greater in intensive systems, and that certainty surrounding incidence rates is paramount to the formulation of economically sound animal healthpolicy in regions with endemic FMD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106276"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587724001624/pdfft?md5=d6520e8f98029e7d24b89e89e34dd355&pid=1-s2.0-S0167587724001624-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herd-level true seroprevalence of caseous lymphadenitis and paratuberculosis in the goat population of Poland","authors":"Jarosław Kaba ,&nbsp;Michał Czopowicz ,&nbsp;Marcin Mickiewicz ,&nbsp;Lucjan Witkowski ,&nbsp;Agata Moroz-Fik ,&nbsp;Kinga Biernacka ,&nbsp;Olga Szaluś-Jordanow ,&nbsp;Tomasz Nalbert ,&nbsp;Andrzej Bereznowski ,&nbsp;Adrian-Valentin Potârniche ,&nbsp;Aija Mālniece ,&nbsp;Iwona Markowska-Daniel ,&nbsp;Krzysztof Rypuła ,&nbsp;Emilia Bagnicka","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A large-scale study was carried out in the Polish goat population in 2014–2021 to determine the herd-level true seroprevalence (HTP) of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) caused by <em>Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis</em> (Cp) and paratuberculosis (PTB) caused by <em>Mycobacterium avium</em> ssp. <em>paratuberculosis</em> (Map). Two-stage cluster sampling was applied to herds counting at least 20 adult goats (aged &gt;1 year) and in each herd all males and 10–13 females were tested. At least one seropositive goat regardless of its sex was necessary to consider the herd as infected. HTP was estimated using the Bayesian approach with the Gibbs sampler in the EpiTools and reported as the median and 95 % credibility interval (95 % CrI). A total of 1282 adult goats from 86 herds were serologically tested using two commercial ELISAs (Cp-ELISA and Map-ELISA). At least 1 seropositive result of Cp-ELISA and Map-ELISA was obtained in 73/86 herds (84.9 %) and 40/86 herds (46.5 %), respectively. HTP of CLA was estimated at 73.3 % (95 % CrI: 65.0 %, 80.4 %) and HTP of PTB was estimated at 42.9 % (95 % CrI: 25.8 %, 58.0 %). There was a significant positive association between the occurrence of CLA and PTB in the herds (odds ratio 6.0, 95 % confidence interval: 1.2, 28.8; p = 0.010). Probability of the seropositive result for PTB was also significantly higher in Cp-seropositive goats than in Cp-seronegative goats (odds ratio 3.9, 95 % confidence interval: 2.4, 6.3; p &lt; 0.001) which could indicate either a higher risk of co-infection or a higher rate of false positive results for PTB in Cp-positive goats. To investigate this issue, optical densities obtained in Map-ELISA were compared between Cp-positive and Cp-negative goats and results of Map-ELISA were adjusted accordingly. Map-negative sera from Cp-positive goats turned out to have significantly higher optical densities than Map-negative sera from Cp-negative goats (p &lt; 0.001). After the adjustment, the herd-level apparent seroprevalence of PTB was 41.9 % (36/86 herds) so it still fell within the 95 % CrI of HTP of PTB calculated before the adjustment. Concluding, CLA appears to be widespread in the Polish goat population. In many of them it may be subclinical at the moment, however will likely emerge in the future as the disease follows cyclic pattern in Poland. On the other hand, given the total lack of clinical PTB in Polish goats, an explanation for a high HTP of PTB remains unclear and warrants further studies using tests of higher analytical specificity than ELISA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106278"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587724001648/pdfft?md5=6dfe02ddde5afd5b1839b83e5622ef68&pid=1-s2.0-S0167587724001648-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141605520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}