Preventive veterinary medicine最新文献

{"title":"Network analysis of cattle movement among municipalities in Minas Gerais State, Brazil, from 2013 to 2023","authors":"Anna Cecília Trolesi Reis Borges Costa ,&nbsp;Denis Lúcio Cardoso ,&nbsp;Luciana Faria de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Izabela Regina Cardoso de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Suman Bhowmick ,&nbsp;Marcos Amaku ,&nbsp;José Henrique Hildebrand Grisi Filho ,&nbsp;Andrey Pereira Lage ,&nbsp;Elaine Maria Seles Dorneles","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study was to characterize the movement among municipalities in Minas Gerais state, Brazil, and to perform a network analysis based on these movements. Data on cattle movement in Minas Gerais, Brazil, from January 2013 to August 2023 were acquired from Guia de Trânsito Animal (GTA) (Animal Transit Guide), mandatory in Brazil for all livestock movements, provided by Instituto Mineiro de Agropecuária (IMA) (State Animal Health Authority). Descriptive analysis was performed, the five most common municipalities that were the origin and destination of movements were described, and the reason for transportation was assessed. Municipalities were considered nodes and movements were the edges in the network analysis, which was also considered a direct graph. Most of the municipalities of origin and destination of movements were in Triângulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaíba region. The transportation directed to farms [5769,910/13,022,761 (44.31 %)] was the most observed considering the reason of transportation, followed by slaughterhouses [5196,787/13,022,761 (39.99 %)], livestock event [2040,698/13,022,761 (15.67 %)] and to others [15,366/13,022,761 (0.11 %)]. The analysis of cattle movements (according to the accessed GTA) among the years showed an average of 1042,153.27 (SD: 2889,595.96) movements. Additionally, the network analysis results described static and high-connected networks, with great values of municipalities in the strong component (850.27; SD: 1.19) and the presence of three large communities covering most of the state in all years (2013–2023). In general, our results demonstrated a highly connected network intrastate throughout the analyzed years, with movements particularly concentrated in the Triângulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaíba region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 106420"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143010561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors for the incursion of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus into poultry and other captive bird holdings in Denmark from 2020 to 2023: A case-control study","authors":"Helene Ane Jensen ,&nbsp;Søren Saxmose Nielsen ,&nbsp;Carsten Thure Kirkeby ,&nbsp;Matthew Denwood ,&nbsp;Lene Jung Kjær ,&nbsp;Yuan Liang ,&nbsp;Charlotte Kristiane Hjulsager ,&nbsp;Anette Ella Boklund","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is a major concern in terms of animal and human health. Between October 2020 and September 2023, there were 36 HPAI outbreaks detected in poultry and other captive birds in Denmark. However, it is often not possible to determine the exact route of introduction. We conducted a case-control study to compare the odds of exposure to a range of potential risk factors for HPAI virus incursion into Danish poultry or other captive bird holdings with HPAI outbreaks (cases) and with no HPAI outbreaks (controls) during the HPAI epidemiological seasons 2020/2021, 2021/2022 and 2022/2023. The owners of 38 % of the eligible case holdings and 45 % of the eligible control holdings declined to participate, suggesting that HPAI virus infection is a sensitive subject for some owners. The study population included 18 cases and 34 controls. We collected data primarily through questionnaire-based interviews and estimated odds ratios (OR) within a Bayesian framework using a Beta conjugate prior to define the odds directly, with Monte Carlo integration from these posterior distributions of odds to estimate the relevant OR with 95 % credible intervals (CI) and Bayesian p-values. The results indicated that the odds of observing wild waterfowl or gulls on the roof or around farm buildings compared to observing none within 500 m of the holding was higher for case holdings (OR: 18.7, 95 % CI: 3.1–148, p: 0.022). This information can be used for future risk-based monitoring, biosecurity management and placement of captive bird holdings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 106419"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A model-based approach to evaluate the effect of vaccination of the herd on transmission of equine herpesvirus 1 in naturally occurring outbreaks","authors":"R.M.A.C. Houben ,&nbsp;C. van Maanen ,&nbsp;J.R. Newton ,&nbsp;J. van den Broek ,&nbsp;M.M. Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan ,&nbsp;J.A.P. Heesterbeek","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) infection is the cause of high impact disease syndromes, affecting the global horse industry. The effect of vaccination on transmission dynamics of EHV-1 in naturally occurring outbreaks is not quantified. Our aims were to estimate <em>R</em>₀ for EHV-1 in equine populations from outbreak data, and evaluate the effect of vaccination status of the herd on <em>R</em> through a systematic review, model-based estimations and meta-analysis. A literature search for outbreak reports was carried out. Depending on available data, the early epidemic growth rate (GR) or final attack rate (AR) approach was used to estimate the basic reproduction number for that outbreak. Herd vaccination status, as well as virus genotype and use of antivirals were recorded. Only outbreaks in herds where either none or all of the horses had been vaccinated were included. An overall estimate for <em>R</em>₀ (non-vaccinated herds) and <em>R</em>_<em>v</em> (vaccinated herds) was computed by meta-analysis and the two groups were compared using a random effects model. Twelve outbreaks, in herds of 16–135 horses, met the inclusion criteria, of which six occurred in non-vaccinated herds and six in vaccinated herds. One <em>R</em>₀ calculation from a report describing empirical determination of a herd immunity threshold was also included. We found no evidence for a significant difference between estimates of <em>R</em>₀ and <em>R</em>_<em>V</em> in outbreaks: <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>ˆ</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>3.3</mn><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mn>2.6</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>4.0</mn></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>ˆ</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>2.7</mn><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mn>2.1</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>3.2</mn></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>, <em>p</em> = 0.15.</div><div>Our main limitations were our inability to investigate the influence of genotype or antivirals on results. Sensitivity analyses gave volatile p-values. In conclusion, we found no robust evidence for a significant reduction on transmission of EHV-1 in herds where all horses were vaccinated <em>vs</em> non-vaccinated herds. <span><math><mover><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>ˆ</mo></mrow></mover></math></span> in herds where all horses were vaccinated was substantially &gt; 1 and vaccination as a sole mitigating measure may have limited effect on transmission of EHV-1</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 106418"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142971943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring canine mast cell tumors: An investigation into demographic characteristics, and grading system analysis from a pathology lab data (2019–2021)","authors":"J. Catarino ,&nbsp;K. Pinello ,&nbsp;J. Niza-Ribeiro ,&nbsp;J. Santos ,&nbsp;R. Payan-Carreira ,&nbsp;J. Reis ,&nbsp;P. Faísca","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mast cell tumors (MCT) are among the most common neoplasia in dogs, representing up to 21 % of skin tumors. However, etiology and risk factors for its development remain unclear. This study aimed to reduce this knowledge gap by comprehensively analyzing 905 MCT cases diagnosed in Portugal between 2019 and 2021, using descriptive and inferential analyses. Most tumors affected the skin, with 69.9 % and 21.2 % classified as cutaneous and subcutaneous tumors, respectively. Only subcutaneous MCT exhibited female predisposition. Breed-specific analyses revealed male predominance in French Bulldogs and female predominance in Shar-Peis. Tumors in the extremities were the most prevalent (43.2 %, n = 183). Age-related characteristics varied by breed, with Pugs, Boxers, French Bulldogs, and Shar-Peis being diagnosed at younger ages. Logistic regression showed that age increased the likelihood of developing higher-grade cutaneous tumors (p &lt; 0.01, OR=1.17, 95 % CI 1.02–1.21) and subcutaneous tumors with an infiltrative pattern (p = 0.02, OR=1.17, 95 % CI: 1.04 –1.33). The estimated annual incidence risk for MCT in dogs from Lisbon and Setúbal districts is 3.1 cases per 10,000 dogs, and 3.0 for males and 3.2 for females. Compared to mixed-breed dogs, Boxers, Shar-Peis, and Golden Retrievers had significantly higher relative risks (7.1, 6.3, and 5.9, respectively, p &lt; 0.01). Sex-specific relative risks showed Boxers with the highest values among males (9.9, p &lt; 0.01) and Shar-Peis among females (8.0, p &lt; 0.01). This study provides insights into canine MCT, emphasizing the importance of age, sex, and breed, as well as the need for tailored veterinary care that considers these demographic characteristics to enhance prevention, early detection, and management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 106416"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142971964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Incorporating heterogeneity in farmer disease control behaviour into a livestock disease transmission model” Preventive Vet. Med. 219 (2023) 106019","authors":"Edward M. Hill ,&nbsp;Naomi S. Prosser ,&nbsp;Paul E. Brown ,&nbsp;Eamonn Ferguson ,&nbsp;Martin J. Green ,&nbsp;Jasmeet Kaler ,&nbsp;Matt J. Keeling ,&nbsp;Michael J. Tildesley","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106408","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 106408"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The teat skin microbiota of organic primiparous dairy cows is dynamic during the transition period.","authors":"C J Dean, T Ray, F Peña-Mosca, T J Wehri, K Sharpe, A M Antunes, E Doster, L Fernandes, V F Calles, C Bauman, B Heins, P Pinedo, V Machado, L S Caixeta, N R Noyes","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The transition period is a critical developmental period for dairy cows, during which the udder undergoes numerous physiological changes that can impact future cow health and performance. The teat skin is an important anatomical feature of the dairy cow, as it is continuously exposed to the environment, and also represents an important barrier against microbes that could invade the teat canal and mammary gland. Yet little is known about the temporal dynamics of the teat skin microbiota during the transition period. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to describe the temporal composition of the teat skin microbiota during the transition period in primiparous dairy cows using 16S rRNA sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Teat skin swabs were collected throughout the transition period from 710 cows starting their first lactation on 5 certified organic dairy farms. Samples were collected bi-weekly beginning 8 weeks prepartum and then weekly for 4-5 weeks after calving. A total of 4827 teat skin swabs were collected and sequenced, and the resulting sequence data were analyzed by farm and time. Microbial richness, diversity and bacterial load changed dynamically as animals moved through late-stage gestation, parturition and lactation. However, the direction, timing and magnitude of these changes were unique to each farm. Principal component analysis revealed that the composition and structure of the teat skin microbiota also underwent a massive shift during the transition period, with significant differences between phases of the transition period, i.e., late-stage gestation, parturition and lactation. This trend was also observed when samples were categorized into community types using Dirichlet Multinomial Mixture models.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We observe that the teat skin microbiota comprises a diverse community of bacteria and archaea that experience large shifts in abundance and composition as cows move through the transition period. These shifts begin several weeks prior to calving and continue into the first few weeks postpartum, likely driven by a combination of changing environment, management and host physiology during the same period of time. The specific dynamics of these shifts seem to be fairly unique to each farm, which suggests that farm-level factors are important considerations for future work on the teat skin microbiota of transitioning first-lactation dairy cows.</p>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":" ","pages":"106402"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143503665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the effectiveness of badger vaccination combined with cattle test-and-removal in managing Bovine Tuberculosis: Insights from a two-host and multi-route transmission model","authors":"You Chang ,&nbsp;Stefan Widgren ,&nbsp;Mart C.M. de Jong ,&nbsp;Jamie A. Tratalos ,&nbsp;Simon J. More ,&nbsp;Nienke Hartemink","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) has a complex infection ecology and is difficult to control in many countries, including Ireland. For many years, the Irish national bTB eradication programme relied on cattle-based control measures, including test-and-removal with related movement restrictions. In the early 2000s, badger culling was added as a part of the control measure in the national programme. As badgers are protected animals under Wildlife Acts, making culling undesirable, this practice is now progressively being replaced by badger vaccination. However, it is unclear whether badger vaccination, in combination with the cattle test-and-removal and movement restriction, is sufficient to eradicate bTB, or whether additional measures will be needed. Assessing the impact of badger vaccination on reducing bTB in cattle is complex due to the involvement of multiple hosts and transmission routes. Key contributors include transmission to and from wildlife (e.g., European badger, <em>Meles meles</em>), the persistence of <em>Mycobacterium bovis</em> in the environment, and – due to imperfect diagnostic tests - the movement of infected cattle and residual infection in the herd. Understanding of relative contribution of these infectious sources is a key knowledge gap. This study aims to assess the impact of badger vaccination, in addition to cattle test-and-removal and movement restriction, on bTB eradication at a regional level and to assess whether additional interventions are needed. Additionally, we investigate the contribution of several transmission mechanisms such as, local cattle, residual infection, badgers and introduced cattle on the transmission of bTB at the level of both the individual and the herd. To achieve this, we developed a metapopulation model that includes each of the above-mentioned transmission mechanisms for the Kilkenny badger vaccination trial area. The model incorporates within-herd transmission for cattle and within-territory transmission for badgers, and also transmission between herds, both via cattle trade movements and via overlapping badger territories. Our results show that cattle-to-cattle transmission contributes most to new cattle infections at the individual animal (cattle) level, while breakdowns at the herd level usually involve multiple routes. Badger vaccination, when combined with cattle test-and-removal programme, may not be sufficient to achieve eradication in this region. We highlight the need for additional interventions that target cattle, badger, and movement to form a comprehensive intervention strategy, including cattle vaccination, improve farm biosecurity, badger vaccination and risk-based trading.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 106386"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of biosecurity practices to prevent chronic wasting disease in Minnesota cervid herds","authors":"Michelle L. Schultze ,&nbsp;James M. Kincheloe ,&nbsp;Dennis N. Makau ,&nbsp;Whitney A. Knauer ,&nbsp;Scott J. Wells","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106385","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The objective of this study was to evaluate biosecurity practices related to chronic wasting disease (CWD) transmission pathways and prevention in active cervid herds in Minnesota in 2019 by species, size and location of herds. A self-administered questionnaire was sent to all cervid producers in Minnesota to gather demographic, management, and biosecurity practices. Among producers (N=136), 63.2 % raised predominantly deer species and 36.8 % raised predominantly elk or reindeer. Survey responses were analyzed by herd species (deer or elk/reindeer), herd size (&lt;20 or ≥20 animals), and location (southeast Minnesota or rest of the state) to determine statistical differences between strata. In terms of CWD transmission risks from other farmed cervids, 40.4 % (95 % Confidence Intervals (CI) 32.1–48.8) of Minnesota producers stated they introduced new cervids to the operation in the previous 3 years, though there were minimal other forms of direct contact. A higher percentage of larger sized elk/reindeer herds reported practices that indicate potential for indirect contact with other farmed cervids. Vehicles or trailers that entered the farm were used to transport other live cervids, cervid carcasses, or cervid body parts in past 3 years in 64.3 % (95 % CI 46.3–82.3) of larger elk/reindeer herds compared to 13.6 % (95 % CI 4.7–22.4) of smaller deer herds.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;For CWD transmission risks from wild cervids, limited potential direct contact was reported. Among all producers, 9.6 % (95 % CI 4.6–14.6) reported farmed cervid escapes in the past 3 years (even temporarily) and 0.7 % (95 % CI 0.0–2.2) of producers reported wild white-tailed deer (WTD) inside perimeter fencing. Additionally, 24.3 % (95 % CI 17.0–31.6) of producers observed wild WTD near the perimeter fencing in the past 12 months and 18.7 % (95 % CI 12.0–25.3) reported use of double perimeter fencing, indicating frequent proximity to wild deer and potential for direct and/or indirect contact exposures. Further, 14.3 % (95 % CI 6.7–21.9) of deer herds and 30.0 % (95 % CI 17.1–42.9) of elk herds reported potential access of wild cervids to hay/silage while stored on the farm, with similar results comparing smaller and larger size strata (13.8 % (95 % CI 6.1–21.4) and 29.6 % (95 % CI 17.3–42.0), respectively). Contact through hunting or taxidermy practices occurred infrequently, with the exception of 20.1 % (95 % CI 13.3–27.0) of producers reporting bringing outside hunted cervid parts/carcasses onto property in the past 3 years.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Overall, results identified direct and indirect contact exposures from both farmed and wild cervids to Minnesota herds, with many producers reporting potential contact with wild cervids through direct and multiple indirect pathways. Many of these indirect exposures to wild and farmed cervids varied by herd size and species strata. Better understanding of these potential CWD transmission pathways and how differences between herd size and species","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 106385"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dynamic framework for calculating the biomass of fattening pigs with an application in estimating the burden of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome in the Netherlands","authors":"Marloes Boeters ,&nbsp;Wilma Steeneveld ,&nbsp;Beatriz Garcia-Morante ,&nbsp;Jonathan Rushton ,&nbsp;Gerdien van Schaik","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gaining insight into the size and composition of national pig populations can support decisions on disease control, welfare, and environmental sustainability. However, if one needs to draw meaningful comparisons between the performance of various production systems or countries, a method for standardization is required. One approach to achieve this is by means of biomass estimation. The objective of this study was to develop a biomass estimation framework that can provide detailed and reliable estimates of fattening pig biomass disaggregated by pig life stage (suckling, weaning and fattening), while accounting for the dynamic nature of pig populations. The framework was developed on publicly accessible data pertaining to pig production in the Netherlands, and we additionally assessed availability of required data for several other European countries (Spain, Germany, and Great Britain). Three distinct life stages—suckling piglets, weaning pigs, and fattening pigs—are considered in the framework. Demographic and movement data, including yearly imports, exports, and slaughter numbers, along with standing populations, were collected from official governmental sources. Required production parameters were sourced from representative surveys, with missing parameters supplemented by private industry reports or expert elicitation. The results from the framework for the Netherlands yield insights into the Dutch pig sector. In 2020, 156 million kg, 552 million kg, and 1654 million kg of biomass were produced in the suckling, weaning, and fattening stages, respectively. The evaluation against census data indicated the framework's reliability, with deviations mostly below 10 %. Data availability assessments for Spain, Germany and Great Britain reveal variations in data completeness and underscore the importance of local contacts and language expertise when extending the framework to other countries. The framework's relevance was further demonstrated through an illustrative application, assessing the impact of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome on pig biomass in the Netherlands. In the most severe disease scenario, the produced biomass decreased by 13 %, 17 %, and 66 % in the suckling, weaning, and fattening stages, respectively. Beyond disease burden estimation, the biomass estimates can be used as a denominator for various purposes to provide efficiency metrics, such as the amount of antibiotics used or the volume of greenhouse gases emitted per kilogram of pig biomass produced. While the framework could benefit from further refinement regarding resource use and economic values, its current iteration provides a robust and unique foundation for estimating biomass disaggregated by pig life stage, aiding decision-makers in the agricultural and veterinary sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 106383"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142695765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lifetime health care costs for dogs based on data from seven veterinary clinics in Denmark","authors":"Søren Saxmose Nielsen ,&nbsp;Caroline Hindborg Larsen ,&nbsp;Julie Moth Frederiksen ,&nbsp;Tove Christensen ,&nbsp;Peter Sandøe","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reports indicate that owners believe the health care costs for their dogs are too high, yet few studies report on the actual costs. Most studies are based on surveys of owners, and there have been no studies carried out in Europe. The objective of our study was therefore to provide estimates of lifetime health care costs for dogs based on billed costs taken from records from veterinary clinics in Denmark. Data were collected in late 2023 and were based on invoices from seven clinics of different sizes and locations and related to health care for dogs born in 2006–2011. Only dogs that were treated in the same clinic for their entire lives were included. The records were split into visits that were considered to include basic health care costs such as vaccinations, and costs associated with conditions that were considered acute, chronic or requiring surgery. The costs were then summarised for each dog within each clinic. A total of 17,893 invoices for 716 dogs were included. These consisted of 8821 visits for basic health care and 5899 and 1861 visits for acute and chronic conditions, respectively, along with 1312 visits related to surgery. The median inflation-corrected cost per visit was 133 EUR, and the median lifetime health care cost was approximately 2800 EUR, covering a median lifespan of 10 years. These costs varied greatly, with a breed-weight-adjusted interquartile range of 672–1521 EUR in the least expensive clinic, which was small and located in a rural area, to 1076–4962 EUR (interquartile range) for a clinic in a major city. Health care costs can encompass various levels of treatment and different treatment quality, but this aspect was not evaluated. We conclude that, on average, a visit to the veterinary clinic costs approximately 133 EUR (as of 2023) and that dogs typically visit the clinic 2.1 times per year over their lifetime. However, there is major variation in costs among both dogs and clinics. Overall, the costs identified fell within a similar range to those observed in questionnaire-based studies from other countries. However, the substantial variation warrants further investigation, for example comparing differences in health costs for different breeds of dogs and the differences between different kinds of clinics. We also found that the median yearly health care costs for a dog were less than 5 % of the mean costs for a person in the Danish public health care system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 106384"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142693368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}