Preventive veterinary medicine最新文献

{"title":"Small pig stakeholders' knowledge of foreign animal diseases: Baseline knowledge and impact of an outreach session","authors":"B. Alexander Fonseca-Martinez ,&nbsp;Juan Hernandez-Cuevas ,&nbsp;Kristy Shaw ,&nbsp;Andreia G. Arruda","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106517","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The emergence and rapid spread of Foreign Animal Diseases (FADs) pose ongoing threats to animal and human health. Specifically, the swine industry faces constant risks of disease introduction, with African Swine Fever among the foremost concerns. Despite numerous national and local initiatives aimed at supporting swine stakeholders in FAD preparedness, the focus has predominantly been on large commercial operations, neglecting small-scale stakeholders. This study aimed to assess baseline knowledge and evaluate the effectiveness of an outreach session within small swine stakeholders in the state of Ohio, United States. Utilizing pre- and post-session surveys, we measured changes in short-term knowledge levels among 31 participants across five sessions. Results indicated a significant improvement in participants' knowledge post-session regarding various aspects of FADs recognition, transmission, and outbreak response. Additionally, our analysis identified educational level as the sole factor significantly associated with higher pre-session knowledge levels. These findings highlight the potential of outreach programs designed for small-scale stakeholders to improve biosecurity practices and FAD preparedness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 106517"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Farmers who implemented this, also implemented that: Use of association-rule-learning to improve biosecurity on dairies","authors":"Faustin Farison ,&nbsp;Vitoria Régia Lima-Campêlo ,&nbsp;Marie-Ève Paradis ,&nbsp;Sébastien Buczinski ,&nbsp;Gilles Fecteau ,&nbsp;Jean-Philippe Roy ,&nbsp;Pablo Valdes-Donoso ,&nbsp;Simon Dufour ,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Arango-Sabogal","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biosecurity practices are the cornerstone of disease prevention and control programs. In Canada, their implementation is evaluated with a Risk Assessment Questionnaire (RAQ). Association Rule Learning (ARL) – a non-supervised machine learning algorithm – is widely used in marketing for consumer segmentation based on purchase patterns. This technique may help veterinarians to recommend biosecurity practices that are more likely to be adopted by producers. In this project, we applied ARL to 3825 RAQ completed by Québec dairy producers to generate 22 million rules that identified combinations of self-reported practices frequently applied together. We retained the best 63 rules predicting the adoption of 13 biosecurity practices with a confidence ≥ 70 %. ARL is useful in studying the relationship between biosecurity practices on dairy farms. By identifying biosecurity practices more likely to be implemented by a given producer, veterinarians can provide targeted recommendations that might improve disease prevention and control programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 106516"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of continuous education and determinants of antimicrobials prescription behavior in companion animal veterinarians from Quebec, Canada","authors":"Jean-Philippe Rocheleau ,&nbsp;Cécile Ferrouillet ,&nbsp;Pablo Valdes Donoso ,&nbsp;Solène Le Manac'h ,&nbsp;Karol-Ann Henry ,&nbsp;Edouard Martin","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Highly important antimicrobial use in veterinary companion animal medicine is frequent and in some cases unjustified. Establishing cautious and evidence-based prescription practices in veterinary companion animal medicine should be one of the key objectives of One Health antimicrobial stewardship initiatives. We aimed to (1) develop a training program on antimicrobial use in veterinary companion animal medicine in Quebec, Canada, (2) quantify the impact of this training on the use of highly important antimicrobials, and (3) identify the factors that could limit such an impact. A total of 54 veterinarians from 35 veterinary facilities participated in the study. Antimicrobials were identified from electronic medical records, prescription rates were calculated and a difference-in-differences estimation was used to compare prescription rates pre- and post-training in 2023, controlling for seasonal trends during the same period in 2022. Participating veterinarians prescribed on average 11.7 antimicrobial treatments per 100 consultations. Two thirds of the systemic antimicrobials prescribed by participants were antimicrobials of very high medical importance, according to Health Canada. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was the most often prescribed antimicrobial and accounted for approximately 22 % of all prescriptions. The training had a limited impact on overall prescription rates. However, a reduction of 55 % in prescription rate was observed for metronidazole, which is most often prescribed in canine patients with acute diarrhea. Interviews were conducted with 11 participating veterinarians to identify obstacles to the implementation of recommended prescription practices. The main obstacles identified were pet owner expectations, fear of therapeutic failure, lack of confidence in the recommendations and unavailability of therapeutic alternatives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 106515"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying critical control points for colostrum contamination in first milking colostrum from Scottish dairy herds","authors":"Alexandra Haggerty ,&nbsp;Emily Silva ,&nbsp;Tracy Anderson ,&nbsp;David Bell ,&nbsp;Colin Mason ,&nbsp;Katharine S. Denholm","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106514","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Excessive bacterial contamination (≥100,000 colony forming units [CFU]/ml total bacteria count (TBC) and ≥ 10,000 CFU/ml total coliform count [TCC]) reduces the quality of colostrum and subsequent absorption of IgG across neonatal enterocytes, leading to failure to transfer of passive immunity (FTPI). Furthermore, the presence of pathogenic bacteria can cause disease in their own right. The objectives of the study were to identify critical control points and farm risk factors to minimise colostrum contamination from Scottish dairy herds. Eleven farms in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, were enrolled and first milking colostrum was sampled at sequential control points throughout the harvest, storage and feeding process. Farmers also completed a questionnaire at enrolment detailing colostrum management practices to identify risk factors for high bacterial contamination. Samples then underwent testing to estimate TBC, TCC and Brix % (measure of total solids estimating IgG concentration). Samples collected directly from cows’ teats had a lower median TBC (4000 CFU/ml, IQR = 15,000 CFU/ml) and TCC (1850, CFU/ml, IQR = 3775 CFU/ml) than those collected from storage buckets (median TBC = 101,000 CFU/ml, IQR = 930,000 CFU/ml and median TCC = 12,000, IQR = 108,000 CFU/ml) and feeding equipment (median TBC = 410,000 CFU/ml, IQR 3230,000 CFU/ml; median TCC = 40,000, IQR = 375,000 CFU/ml). Linear regression models revealed higher bacterial contamination was associated with a larger number of buckets used between harvest and storage of colostrum; smaller size of containers used to store colostrum, method of colostrum storage (freezing), and method of teat cleaning (wet wipe). Mean teat, storage bucket and feeder Brix (%) values were 23.1 %, 22 % and 23.1 % respectively. A one-way repeated ANOVA showed no difference in Brix % between source type (F = 2(3168), p = 0.1). Brix % was negatively associated with increasing time from calving to colostrum harvest.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 106514"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Within-herd mathematical modeling of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis to assess the effectiveness of alternative intervention methods","authors":"J. Reilly Comper ,&nbsp;Karen J. Hand ,&nbsp;Zvonimir Poljak ,&nbsp;David Kelton ,&nbsp;Amy L. Greer","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Johne’s disease (JD) in cattle is caused by <em>Mycobacterium avium</em> subspecies <em>paratuberculosis</em> (MAP) and is characterized by chronic, progressive enteritis that can lead to substantial weight loss, severe diarrhea, and eventual death. Economic losses due to JD are primarily driven by reduced milk production in subclinical and clinically infected cows, but also include reduced value when sold to slaughter, and costs associated with premature culling. Controlling the transmission of JD within a dairy herd can be achieved through proactive calf management practices and reactive test-based culling. While effective, test-and-cull interventions have the potential to result in net economic losses, particularly when the intervention includes culling of low-shedding cattle. Proactive calf management practices have been observed to be effective at controlling within-herd JD prevalence. However, assessing the magnitude of effect of interventions in observational and experimental studies can be difficult due to the pathogenesis of MAP and may take many years of data to provide meaningful results. The limitations of studying JD in nature presents an opportunity to use mathematical modelling techniques to assess the effectiveness of various interventions on the simulated within-herd disease dynamics of JD. The objectives of this study were to build a within-herd compartmental disease model of JD and assess the effectiveness of three interventions: 1) strategic insemination of test-positive low-shedding adult cattle to preferentially breed beef calves, 2) using separate calving areas for low- and high-shedding dams, and 3) test-based culling of low- and high-shedding cows. Model outcomes were compared to a base case model (i.e., no interventions) under four endemic within-herd prevalences. In general, simulations of test-based culling performed best at reducing long-term within-herd prevalence of JD. Strategic insemination and separate calving area interventions were both effective and performed similarly to one another, but even when combined were not as effective as test-and-cull alone. Finally, the results from the separate calving area intervention model suggest that increased dam-calf contact time would not result in a substantial increased within-herd prevalence. Given that some of the modelled populations in this study are very small and prevalence is very low, further work is needed to assess these interventions using discrete, stochastic methods, which may result in different outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 106496"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitudes and practices on antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance among shrimp aquaculturists in Peninsular Malaysia","authors":"Sridevi Devadas ,&nbsp;Zunita Zakaria ,&nbsp;Mohamed Shariff Mohamed Din ,&nbsp;Subha Bhassu ,&nbsp;Murni Marlina Abd Karim ,&nbsp;Natrah Ikhsan ,&nbsp;Abu Bakar Rahman","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In aquaculture, production intensification and the increasing occurrence of diseases are equally driving antimicrobial use (AMU) and the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). There is inadequate awareness and knowledge regarding AMU and AMR among the public in Malaysia. Thereby, AMR reduction action plans critically require the involvement of farmers as end users of the antimicrobials. The knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) survey can evaluate the farmers’ awareness level about the issue. To date, no KAP survey has been conducted among shrimp aquaculture farmers in Malaysia regarding AMU and AMR. In addition, no suitable questionnaire is available to conduct the study. Therefore, this study has developed a questionnaire to evaluate the KAP of <em>Penaeus vannamei</em> and <em>Penaeus monodon</em> aquaculture farmers towards AMU and AMR in selected states in Peninsular Malaysia. In total, 113 farmers participated in this survey. The majority (88.1 %, n = 89) of 101 respondents who completed answering the knowledge- and attitude-related KAP items had inadequate knowledge of AMU and AMR. Regarding attitude, the percentages of farmers with good attitudes (49.5 %, n = 50) and poor attitudes (50.5 %, n = 51) are comparable. Nevertheless, a high percentage (95.0 %, n = 96) of them have never used antibiotics on farmed shrimp, indicating good practices in terms of AMU. The Pearson correlation revealed a large positive association between knowledge and attitudes. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to develop a questionnaire and assess the KAP regarding AMU and AMR among shrimp aquaculture farmers in Malaysia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 106513"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathology of new world camelids in Ireland: 13 years of disease surveillance and the significance of bovine tuberculosis in alpaca","authors":"Sebastian Alessandro Mignacca ,&nbsp;Cosme Sánchez-Miguel ,&nbsp;Sara Salgado ,&nbsp;Colm Brady ,&nbsp;Seamus Fagan ,&nbsp;Denise Murphy ,&nbsp;Maresa Sheahan ,&nbsp;Aideen Kennedy ,&nbsp;Micheal Casey ,&nbsp;Alan Johnson ,&nbsp;Shane McGettrick ,&nbsp;Maire McElroy ,&nbsp;John Moriarty","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Causes of New World Camelid (168 alpacas; 7 llamas) mortality in Ireland based on review of passive surveillance findings of the Irish Veterinary Laboratory Service from 2010 till 2023 were analysed. The most frequently submitted age group were adults (58.8 %), followed by juveniles (20.6 %), crias (16.6 %), and aborted foeti (4 %). Regardless of age, 96 % were suitable for investigation, with identified aetiology in 77.4 % of cases. The pathology was systemic (30.9 %) or involving the alimentary (39.3 %), respiratory (8.9 %), urogenital (4.9 %), musculoskeletal and lymphatic (2.2 % each), integument (1.8 %), cardiocirculatory (1.3 %), nervous (0.9 %) system; 7.6 % were inconclusive. The aetiology was bacterial (44.4 %), parasitic (24.3 %), nutritional/metabolic/toxic (6.4 %), traumatic/mechanical (3.2 %), congenital (1.6 %), and neoplastic (0.5 %), while 19.6 % had unknown aetiology. The diagnostic rate was highest in crias (79.3 %) and lowest in the abortion group (0 %). Crias had mainly systemic and alimentary tract diseases (43.3 % and 26.6 %, respectively); juveniles had mainly alimentary illness and systemic diseases (51.3 % and 30.7 %, respectively); similarly for adults (40.2 % and 25.5 %, respectively). The primary aetiology detected was bacterial (45.5 %, 35.1 %, and 48.7 % for crias, juveniles and adults, respectively). <em>Mycobacterium bovis</em> was identified in 27.4 % of submissions, 25 % of which had lesions localised to a single organ (mainly lung), whilst 75 % had generalised tuberculosis, where the lung and liver were the most and second most commonly affected organs, respectively. <em>Fasciola hepatica</em> infection represented the second most common cause or co-cause of mortality. To the authors' knowledge, this is the most extensive published case series of <em>M. bovis</em> pathology in alpacas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 106510"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of data for health and welfare management of farmed salmons in Norway, Scotland, and Ireland","authors":"Xiao Zhou ,&nbsp;Annette S. Boerlage ,&nbsp;Britt Bang Jensen ,&nbsp;Kristine Gismervik ,&nbsp;Victor H.S. Oliveira ,&nbsp;Ian Hutchinson ,&nbsp;Alison Burrell ,&nbsp;David A. Graham ,&nbsp;Charlotte Doidge ,&nbsp;Jasmeet Kaler ,&nbsp;Gerdien van Schaik ,&nbsp;Michael Siegrist ,&nbsp;Angela Bearth","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106512","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Data-driven solutions can support stakeholders’ decision-making when managing health and welfare in Atlantic salmon production. While many different types of data are being collected, knowledge about stakeholders’ use and needs regarding this data and data tools in their day-to-day work is limited. The current study explores the status quo of using data and data tools in salmon health management and needs of the stakeholders. Fourteen focus group discussions and three in-depth interviews were completed and analysed in Norway, Scotland and Ireland with salmon production managers, health experts and health inspectors from government and certification bodies (<em>N</em> = 44). Results showed that the participants valued the role that reliable data can play in salmon health management. Factors that influence data utilisation for decision-making were identified using the data lifecycle concept (i.e., the flow from collection to analysis and sharing). Generally, stakeholders preferred timely, ideally automatically recorded, standardised and high-quality data and wished for a tool that offers convenient access to data and facilitates data search and compilation. Furthermore, the comfort with which stakeholders use data tools varied, ranging from some stakeholders welcoming support from decision support tools to others preferring to rely mostly on their personal experience when analysing data. While some data sharing is mandatory (e.g., reporting of mortality from industry to authorities), the participants reported other forms of data sharing (e.g., informal exchange of information, not data, across companies). Lack of contextual factors contributes to a hesitancy to share data (e.g., lack of perceived benefits and fear over potential misuse). In Norway, stakeholders were more open to share data between the salmon industry and authorities. Being used to reporting more data, combined with operating in a larger industry where individual farms are not easy to single out from aggregated statistics, may have contributed to gaining trust among participants in Norway. However, in all three countries, some participants were reluctant to share data with the public or tied it to preconditions (e.g., ensuring it was presented in the right context, with explanations on the background for mortality), while others highlighted positive effects of sharing data, such as benchmarking and increased focus on preventive measures. Addressing barriers to data and data tool utilisation provides valuable insights that could benefit salmon health management and sustainability of the sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 106512"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of dairy farming extension programs on smallholder livestock keepers’ welfare among Maasai communities in Arusha, Tanzania","authors":"Felician Andrew Kitole","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the crucial role of livestock farming in enhancing livelihoods, production levels remain notably low, particularly in nomadic societies, resulting in diminished welfare among Africa's most renowned communities, the Maasai. To improve the welfare of smallholder livestock keepers, dairy farming extension programs are essential, as they stimulate knowledge transfer, resource accessibility, and adoption of best practices. This study employed a quasi-experimental research design, engaging a total of 431 livestock keepers, comprising 221 treated participants and 210 control group members from the Engaruka, Lepurko, and Selela wards in Monduli District, Arusha, Tanzania. Utilizing the Double Hurdle model and Propensity Score Matching (PSM), the study estimated the determinants of participation and the impacts of these interventions on welfare. The results revealed that demographic factors, social capital, and educational attainment significantly influenced participation rates in dairy farming extension programs. Additionally, the Average Treatment on the Treated (ATT) analysis showed that participation led to an increase of 5.751 liters per day in milk production and a monthly income boost of 11,670 TSHS. However, mean income differences showed that participants earned 55,010 TSHS more than non-participants. This suggests that while extension programs contribute to higher incomes, pre-existing differences such as access to resources, experience, and herd size also contribute to this disparity. These findings informs that effective extension services can markedly improve the welfare of Maasai livestock keepers by providing critical training and resources that enable higher productivity and economic resilience. By fostering social networks, facilitating market access, and enhancing knowledge among farmers, extension programs play a vital role in empowering these communities. Therefore, targeted strategies that promote inclusivity, improve access to resources, and incorporate educational initiatives are recommended to maximize the benefits of these programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 106511"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-typhoidal Salmonella contamination of food sources from animal origin in Israel between 2007 and 2021","authors":"Yuval Malkiely ,&nbsp;Gashaw Endeshaw ,&nbsp;Ilana Maler ,&nbsp;Ehud Elnekave","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-typhoidal <em>Salmonella</em> (NTS) are one of the main causes of food poisoning, a major global threat for human health. Consumption of contaminated food products of animal origin contributes to majority of the NTS illness outbreaks. Poultry, an important protein source, is considered the main animal source for NTS. However, contamination with different serotypes of NTS may be attributed to various animal hosts. We aimed to determine the prevalence, trends, and potential risk factors for NTS contamination of food sources in Israel. A dataset including 192,340 test results for the detection of NTS contamination in food products in Israel between 2007 and 2021 was analyzed. Food samples were collected as part of routine testing and targeted programs for NTS detection from different facilities, such as food factories and slaughterhouses. The collected food samples included: non-thermally treated (raw) and mainly thermally treated ready-to-eat (RTE) products. Data were summarized and associations between NTS detection and different covariates were estimated using either: (i) Poisson regression model; or (ii) ꭕ2-tests. The odds ratio (OR) or prevalence ratio and 95 % confidence intervals (CI_95 %) were calculated. The number of food products tested for NTS identification and further serotype classification has declined in recent years. However, the percentage of NTS positive results increased over time, reaching 18.11 % positive samples by 2021. The risk for NTS contamination was significantly higher in raw vs. RTE products: OR (CI_95 %) = 290.60 (239.39–352.76), p &lt; 0.001. The percentage of samples found positive for NTS in RTE products varied between sources, yet remained below 0.49 % for each source. However, in raw products, the NTS prevalence ranged between 1.05 % and 35.03 %, with food products from the chicken source significantly more positively associated with NTS contamination in comparison beef, fish, pig and turkey sources. Imported food, and slaughterhouses had a significantly higher prevalence of NTS contamination compare to factories food hygiene testing. With certain facilities, within each category, demonstrating significantly higher contamination compared to others. Moreover, the ten most common serotypes reported in human infections throughout this period were mostly found in chicken and turkey sources. The identification of certain sources and facilities/importers/slaughterhouses which may pose higher risk for NTS contamination was possible despite the declining resources invested in sampling and classification of NTS isolates in recent years. Therefore, our study further emphasizes the potential and importance of establishing a real-time surveillance for better tracing of NTS contaminations in food sources to protect public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 106508"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}