Preventive veterinary medicine最新文献

{"title":"Economics of reducing response time to foreign-animal disease in the United States with point-of-care diagnostic tests","authors":"Ashley F. Railey ,&nbsp;David Adamson ,&nbsp;Heather L. Simmons ,&nbsp;Jonathan Rushton","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>As low probability events, United States producers, value chain actors, and veterinary services (VS) have limited experience with identifying foreign animal disease (FAD), which can allow FADs to spread undetected. Point-of-care (POC) diagnostic testing may help reduce the time from detecting an initial suspect case to implementing actionable interventions compared to the current approach of only using laboratory diagnostic testing for disease diagnosis and confirmation. To evaluate the value of the reduced response time, we compare the associated costs between the two diagnostic approaches while accounting for the uncertainty surrounding the size of a FAD event.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We apply a state-contingent approach (SCA) to model the uncertainty surrounding a FAD through alternative events, where the event defines the scale of outbreak size and its duration. We apply this approach within a cost-benefit framework (CBA) to determine the economic value from the two testing investment strategies to help explain the policymaker’s response (and costs) to alternative FAD events while also considering the cost impacts on the producers from each event.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Compared to the current laboratory strategy, a POC strategy that reduces response time by 0.5-days (swine, cattle scenarios) and 1.5-days (poultry scenario) may provide cost-saving to both producers and public response efforts. The benefit-cost analysis further suggests that despite the higher fixed costs to adopt the POC strategy, the swine and cattle sectors may benefit while the benefits may not be as pronounced in the poultry sector.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>POC testing that can reduce the time between detection and response during a FAD event may be a sound strategy for public expenditure and provide cost-savings for producers, especially when minimal fixed costs are incurred. However, to fully determine the value of POC testing, the consequences (costs) associated with potential actions if something goes wrong, (e.g. false positive results), should be considered in future studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106284"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141847068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges for the management of Johne’s disease in the UK: Expectation management, space, ‘free riding’, and vet-farmer communication","authors":"Rosie Morrison ,&nbsp;James Hanks ,&nbsp;Peter Guy Orpin ,&nbsp;Sam Strain ,&nbsp;Emma Nicole Taylor ,&nbsp;David Christian Rose","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Johne’s disease in cattle is a significant global animal health challenge. Johne’s disease is chronic, affecting the gastrointestinal tract of cattle and other ruminants and is caused by the bacteria <em>Mycobacterium avium ssp. Paratuberculosis</em>. Many countries have introduced schemes and programmes to try and control the spread of Johne’s disease, including the UK. Despite efforts to control it, however, Johne’s disease remains consistently ranked by UK producers as the top ranked disease negatively affecting productivity, indicating that schemes are not perceived to have solved the problem fully. Building on a global systematic review of the literature on barriers and solutions for Johne’s disease control on-farm, we conducted an empirical study with over 400 farmers and 150 veterinary professionals across the UK. The study used workshops and semi-structured interviews to understand better the challenges dairy farmers and veterinarians face in implementing on-farm Johne’s disease management schemes with the aim of identifying solutions. The study found that four main challenges are faced in the on-farm control of Johne’s – (1) Management of farmer expectations around Johne’s disease, with eradication near impossible, (2) Issues regarding space for segregation and the related economics of control (3) A ‘free-riding’ problem which can be influenced by the voluntary nature of control plans and (4) Challenges in vet-farmer communication, including levels of knowledge. Our findings have relevance for the control of Johne’s disease in the UK and other countries, including for regions with voluntary and compulsory control programmes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 106295"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587724001818/pdfft?md5=80bb082f7c8856d0dc3543dc2a4f96eb&pid=1-s2.0-S0167587724001818-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141844148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Brazil's vesicular syndrome surveillance system: Profile of notifications and performance of the official veterinary service","authors":"Isadora Martins Pinto Coelho,&nbsp;Lorena Diniz Macedo Silva Maia,&nbsp;Breno Oliveira Lima Ramos,&nbsp;Érica Lorenza Martins Araújo,&nbsp;Maria Luiza Da Cunha Cabral,&nbsp;Victor Moreira Sales Mariano,&nbsp;Rafael Romero Nicolino","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an ailment that causes serious damage to the productive chain, and its control through vaccination is of utmost importance for its eradication. Brazil initiated the National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Surveillance Program (PNEFA) with the aim of making the country FMD-free by 2026. As part of the program, notifications of vesicular lesions became mandatory for the Official Veterinary Service (OVS), which is responsible for verifying them. Due to its size, border areas with countries that do not have FMD-free status pose a risk to Brazil and require greater attention. This study described the profile of notifications of suspected outbreaks of vesicular syndrome in Brazil and analyzed the performance of the surveillance system. The results showed 7134 registered notifications of suspected vesicular syndrome outbreaks from 2018 to 2022, with 2022 having the highest number (n = 2343 or 32.85 %). The species that generated the most notifications were swine (90.99 %), cattle and buffaloes (7.54 %), goats and sheep (1.44 %), and others (0.03 %). The sources of notification were \"Veterinary medicine professionals\" (61.82 %), \"Owners or employees\" (13.66 %), \"Third parties\" (8.90 %), \"OVS\" (7.20 %), and \"others\" (2.66 %). 41.69 % of notifications originated from non-border municipalities, and 58.32 % from border areas. Only the state of Paraná account for 51.73 % of the total notifications. This state also accounted for 66.70 % of the 32.47 % of notifications with a final diagnosis of \"absence of clinically compatible signs or susceptible animals\", indicating a certain lack of knowledge in the area, leading to unnecessary notifications and system overload. The performance of the OVS was evaluated based on the service response time from notification registration trough Logistic and Negative binomial regressions. A total of 27.83 % of notifications did not meet the Brazilian legally specified time, and the zone related to the state of Parana needs improvements in performance. The presence and peaks of Senecavirus A cases may have influenced an increased number of swine notifications and led to a decrease in OVS response time. The results demonstrate better performance of surveillance in border areas. Given the vast territory of Brazil, it is not expected that 100 % of responses occur within the legal timeframe, however, the performance of the surveillance system proved to be adequate, with 86 % complied to the legislation. The performance indicators could be used as a monitoring tool, along with indicators to demonstrate system overload. Continued education actions are crucial for strengthening PNEFA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106285"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141842713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of gonadectomy on the incidence rate of babesiosis and the risk of severe babesiosis in dogs aged 6 months and older at a veterinary academic hospital in South Africa: A case-control and retrospective cohort study","authors":"Darryn L. Knobel ,&nbsp;Josef Hanekom ,&nbsp;Maria C. van den Bergh ,&nbsp;Andrew L. Leisewitz","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gonadectomy in dogs is associated with changes in risks of a variety of non-infectious health conditions, but few studies have examined its effects on infectious disease outcomes. The objectives of our study were to estimate the causal effect of gonadectomy on the incidence rate of babesiosis diagnosis, and on the risk of severe babesiosis in diagnosed cases, in dogs 6 months and older seen at a veterinary academic hospital in South Africa from 2013 through 2020. To estimate the effect of gonadectomy on the incidence rate of babesiosis diagnosis in dogs, we conducted a case-control study with incidence density sampling of dogs seen through the hospital’s primary care service, adjusting for sex, age, breed category and weight. We identified 811 cases and selected 3244 time-matched controls. To estimate the effect of gonadectomy on disease severity in dogs with babesiosis, we conducted a retrospective cohort study among all dogs with a diagnosis of babesiosis (n=923), including these 811 cases and a further 112 referred to the hospital, also adjusting for sex, age, breed category and weight. Gonadectomy substantially reduced the incidence rate of babesiosis (total effect incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.5; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.41–0.60) and the risk of severe babesiosis among diagnosed dogs (total effect risk ratio [RR] 0.72; 95 % CI 0.60–0.86). Tipping point sensitivity analysis shows that these effect estimates are robust to unmeasured confounding bias. There was no evidence for modification of the effect of gonadectomy by sex, with effect estimates qualitatively similar for males and females for both outcomes. Compared to females, males had a higher incidence rate of babesiosis (IRR 1.74; 95 % CI 1.49–2.04) and a higher risk of severe disease (RR 1.12; 95 % CI 0.98–1.28). In conclusion, our study shows a robust protective effect of gonadectomy on the incidence and severity of babesiosis in both male and female dogs 6 months of age and older, and contributes important evidence to the debate on the overall risks and benefits of gonadectomy to dogs in this population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106293"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016758772400179X/pdfft?md5=b6215d5194b7472da32c597db07615bb&pid=1-s2.0-S016758772400179X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141760583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and use of Biocheck.UGent™ scoring system to quantify biosecurity in conventional indoor (turkey, duck, breeder) and free-range (layer and broiler) poultry farms","authors":"Arthi Amalraj ,&nbsp;Hilde Van Meirhaeghe ,&nbsp;Nele Caekebeke ,&nbsp;Rhea Creve ,&nbsp;Anne-Christine Dufay-Lefort ,&nbsp;Nathalie Rousset ,&nbsp;Annick Spaans ,&nbsp;Aitor Devesa ,&nbsp;Giuditta Tilli ,&nbsp;Alessandra Piccirillo ,&nbsp;Artur Żbikowski ,&nbsp;László Kovács ,&nbsp;Ilias Chantziaras ,&nbsp;Jeroen Dewulf","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To assess and enhance the application of biosecurity measures in poultry farming, an objective measurement tool (Biocheck.UGent™) was already available for broiler and layer. This study describes the development, validation and application of a risk-based weighted scoring tool for breeder, turkey, duck, free-range layer and free-range broiler production. In collaboration with an expert panel (n= 38), five different questionnaires were developed, following the format of the existing Biocheck.UGent scoring tools. Weights were attributed to external (7–9 subcategories) and internal (3–4 subcategories) biosecurity categories, as well as to the corresponding individual questions within each subcategory. The biosecurity measures were prioritized and weighed based on their relative importance in preventing disease transmission. Upon completion of the questionnaire, and upload of all answers to the Biocheck.UGent website, the algorithm generates a biosecurity score varying between ‘’0’’ which equals the total absence of any biosecurity measure up to ‘’100’’ which refers to full application of all biosecurity measures. The final scoring systems are available online (<span><span>https://biocheckgent.com/en</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>) for free and have been used to assess biosecurity in 70 breeders, 100 turkeys, 23 ducks, 16 free-range broilers, and 15 free-range layer farms originating from 12 countries so far. On average, the overall biosecurity score (mean ± std. dev) was 78 ± 7 % for breeders, 73 ± 11 % for turkeys, 71 ± 8 % for ducks, 73 ± 8 % for free-range layers and 70 ± 13 % for free-range broilers. There were significant differences (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) in biosecurity (both at the overall and subcategory levels) across different poultry types. The overall farm biosecurity score for breeders was significantly higher than that for turkey (<em>p</em> &lt;.001) and duck production (<em>p</em> = 0.001). External biosecurity levels were highest in breeders in comparison to turkeys (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), ducks (<em>p</em> = 0.008) and broiler free-range (<em>p</em> = 0.005). There was a notable difference in internal biosecurity levels between duck and turkey (<em>p</em> = 0.041) production as well. The study contributed to the poultry biosecurity database which allows benchmarking of the biosecurity levels of the users’ farm results to national or international averages, indicating room for improvement and aiding to motivate stakeholders to enhance their biosecurity levels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106288"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141788900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction and transmission analysis of bluetongue disease in China","authors":"Junjie Zhong ,&nbsp;Erlian Shu ,&nbsp;Shuwen Zhang ,&nbsp;Qiaoling Yang ,&nbsp;Qin Chen ,&nbsp;Bing Niu","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bluetongue disease is an infectious disease transmitted by <em>Culicoides</em> as vectors, mainly infecting ruminants. Because ruminants play an important role in animal husbandry in China, the outbreak of bluetongue disease can cause serious economic losses. Maxent model was applied to predict the distribution of bluetongue in China based on the data derived from domestic and foreign academic literature databases including CNKI, Wanfang Database, PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar. The results showed that annual mean temperature (BIO1), precipitation in driest month (BIO14), sheep density (SD) and altitude (Elev) were the relevant variables of bioclimatic suitable zones for bluetongue disease. Precipitation in wettest month (BIO13), BIO1, BIO14, Elev were the main variables affecting the habitat of the bluetongue vector <em>Culicoides</em>. The most suitable climate for bluetongue infection occurs in southern China, central China and parts of Xinjiang. The suitable living areas of <em>Culicoides</em> are mainly located in southern, central and eastern China, and the overlap of the two suitable areas is high. The study suggested that southern, central, and eastern China are high-risk areas for bluetongue due to the significant overlap of suitable habitats for both the disease and its vector. Implementing effective surveillance and targeted control strategies in these regions is crucial for mitigating the impact of bluetongue disease.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106290"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141845462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between non-esterified fatty acids and calcium concentrations at calving with early lactation clinical diseases, fertility and culling in grazing dairy cows in Uruguay","authors":"Irene Cruz ,&nbsp;Joaquín Barca ,&nbsp;Isabel Pereira ,&nbsp;Ana Meikle ,&nbsp;Gretel Ruprechter","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study describes the association of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and calcium concentrations at calving with early lactation disease, reproductive performance and culling in 646 dairy cows from 13 commercial grazing dairy herds in Uruguay. During one year, health events were recorded from calving to 30 days in milk (DIM). The first author visited each farm every 20 days. During each visit, body condition score (BCS) was recorded (scale 1–5), defining BCS &lt; 3 as suboptimal and BCS &gt; 3 as optimal, and a blood sample was taken from cows between 0 and 4 DIM for metabolite determination. To evaluate the association between health events (i.e., retained placenta-metritis and clinical mastitis) and risk factors (parity, BCS, high NEFA (&gt; 0.6 mmol/L) and subclinical hypocalcemia (SCH) (&lt; 2.10 mM)) data were analysed using multivariable logistic regression models. To evaluate the association of health events and risk factors with reproductive performance and culling, data were analysed using Cox proportional hazard regression models. A risk factor and an outcome of interest were assumed to be associated at <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05 and a tendency to be associated was defined at <em>P</em> &lt; 0.10. Overall, 47 % (n = 303) of the cows showed elevated NEFA concentration and 77 % (n = 499) had SCH. In addition, 21.5 % (n = 139) of the cows recorded at least one clinical disease. Cumulative incidence was 17 % (n = 109) for clinical mastitis, 4.2 % (n = 27) for retained placenta (RP)-metritis and 1.4 % (n = 7) for lameness. Clinical mastitis was associated with parity, with lower odds in primiparous (PP) cows (OR = 0.42, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Cows in an optimal BCS also tended to have lower odds (OR = 0.66, <em>P</em> = 0.07). Moreover, high NEFA and SCH cows had higher odds of CM (OR = 4.5, <em>P</em> = 0.01 and OR = 1.75, <em>P</em> = 0.04, respectively). Retained placenta-metritis tended to be associated with high NEFA concentration (OR = 2.2, <em>P</em> = 0.06). Primiparous cows with suboptimal BCS showed an increased first insemination rate (HR = 2.34; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). The risk of culling was lower in PP cows (HR = 0.19; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) and in cows with optimal BCS and low NEFA concentration (HR = 0.38; <em>P</em> = 0.03). Our data show that metabolic challenge (defined as peripartum suboptimal BCS, high NEFA or SCH) is associated with increased odds of clinical mastitis and RP-metritis, decreased probability of insemination and increased hazard of culling. Under grazing conditions, we suggest that farm management to improve the metabolic adaptation to lactation represents an opportunity to enhance cow performance in terms of health, fertility and longevity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106294"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141849625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anomaly detection in the veterinary antibiotic prescription surveillance system (IS ABV)","authors":"Guy-Alain Schnidrig ,&nbsp;Anaïs Léger ,&nbsp;Heinzpeter Schwermer ,&nbsp;Rebecca Furtado Jost ,&nbsp;Dagmar Heim ,&nbsp;Gertraud Schüpbach-Regula","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Antibiotic resistance is one of the major concerns in veterinary and human medicine and poses a considerable threat to both human and animal health. It has been shown that over- or misuse of antibiotics is one of the primary drivers of antibiotic resistance. To develop the surveillance of antibiotic use, Switzerland introduced the \"Informationssystem Antibiotika in der Veterinärmedizin\" (IS ABV) in 2019, mandating electronic registration of antibiotic prescriptions by all veterinarians in Switzerland. However, initial data analysis revealed a considerable amount of implausible data entries, potentially compromising data quality and reliability. These anomalies may be caused by input errors, inaccuracies, incorrect or aberrant master data or data transmission and make analysis impossible. To address this issue efficiently, we propose a two-stage anomaly detection framework utilizing machine learning algorithms. In this study, our primary focus was on cattle treatments with either single or group therapy, as they were the species with the highest prescription volume. However, not all outliers are necessarily incorrect; some may be legitimate but unusual antibiotic treatments. Thus, expert review plays a crucial role in distinguishing outliers, that are correct from actual errors. Initially, relevant prescription variables were extracted and pre-processed with a custom-built scaler. A set of unsupervised algorithms calculated the probability of each data point and identified the most likely outliers. In collaboration with experts, we annotated anomalies and established anomaly thresholds for each production type and active substance. These expert-annotated labels were then used to fine-tune the final supervised classification algorithms. With this methodology, we identified 22,816 anomalies from a total of 1,994,170 prescriptions in cattle (1.1 %). Cattle with no further specified production type had the most (2 %) anomalies with 7758 out of 379,995. The anomalies were consistently identified and comprised prescriptions with too high and too low dosages. Random Forest achieved a ROC-AUC score of 0.994, (95 % CI: 0.992, 0.995) and a F1-Score of 0.962 (95 % CI: 0.958, 0.966) for single treatments. The versatility of this framework allows its adaptation to other species within IS ABV and potentially to other prescription-based surveillance systems. If applied regularly to uploaded prescriptions, it should reduce input errors over time, improving the validity of the data in the long term.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106291"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587724001776/pdfft?md5=077212aad8197338c7504fd96fb710bb&pid=1-s2.0-S0167587724001776-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141788899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of the bluetongue serotype 3 outbreak on sheep and goat mortality in the Netherlands in 2023","authors":"I.M.G.A. Santman-Berends ,&nbsp;K.M.J.A. van den Brink ,&nbsp;E. Dijkstra ,&nbsp;G. van Schaik ,&nbsp;M.A.H. Spierenburg ,&nbsp;R. van den Brom","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In September 2023, bluetongue virus serotype 3 (BTV-3) emerged in the Netherlands, infecting over five thousand livestock farms. In sheep, high morbidity and mortality rates were reported that were unlike previously described bluetongue outbreaks. This study aimed to quantify the impact of BTV-3 in the small ruminant population in the Netherlands in 2023. Sheep and goat movement census data and BTV-3 notification data were available from 2020 until the end of 2023. Data were aggregated to farm and week level and mortality indicators were calculated for lambs (&lt;1 year) and adult animals (≥1 year). Population averaged GEE models with a Negative-binomial distribution and a log-link function correcting for repeated measures per farm in time were used to quantify the association between BTV-3 and mortality. In 2023, 2994 sheep farmers and 89 goat farmers notified clinical signs of BTV-3 to the NVWA. During this BTV-3 outbreak period, an additional 55,000 sheep died compared to the same period in 2020–2022. At flock level a high variety in mortality was observed, with a clear increase in mortality in both flocks that were not notified but that were located in infected areas and in flocks of which the farmer notified clinical signs. During the BTV-3 outbreak period, mortality in infected areas increased 4.2 (95 % CI: 4.0–4.3) times in sheep lambs (&lt;1 year) and 4.6 (95 % CI: 4.4–4.8) times in sheep (≥1 year) compared to BTV-3 free areas. Flocks with a confirmed BTV-3 infection that were notified in September showed a 12.8 (95 % CI: 11.4–14.3) times higher mortality in lambs and a 15.1 (95 % CI: 13.7–16.6) times higher mortality in sheep compared to flocks in BTV-3 areas. In flocks of which the farmer notified clinical signs after September, mortality was 4.6 (95 % CI: 4.2–5.0) and 5.6 (95 % CI: 5.1–6.0) times higher in lambs and sheep compared BTV-3 areas respectively. In goats, around 4000 additional deaths were recorded during the BTV-3 outbreak period. In farms that were notified, mortality of goats (≥1 year) was 1.8 (95 % CI: 1.2–2.8) times higher compared to BTV-3 free areas. Since May 2024, multiple BTV-3 vaccines are available in the Netherlands. In June 2024, the first new infections of BTV-3 were confirmed in Dutch sheep flocks. Hopes are that with the possibility to vaccinate, the spread and impact of BTV-3 in the Netherlands will rapidly decline and that losses as observed in 2023 will no longer be seen.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 106289"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587724001752/pdfft?md5=71e0de60f5c49078b8d2cf93faf956f2&pid=1-s2.0-S0167587724001752-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141844646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial use on pig farms in Thailand: Farmer perceptions of use and resistance","authors":"Suporn Thongyuan ,&nbsp;Natthasit Tansakul","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Limiting the use of antimicrobial agents in intensive livestock production is a challenge due to different perceptions between the short-term benefits of antimicrobial use (AMU) by livestock producers and the long-term social costs of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and its impact on human, animal, and environmental health. Pig farmers are key stakeholders supporting Thailand’s national strategic plan on AMR which aims to reduce antimicrobial consumption in the livestock sector. Consequently, this study explored the knowledge, perceptions, attitudes, and practices of pig farmers towards AMU and AMR, expecting to provide information that would help guide policymakers in the development of a proper interventional program for antimicrobial stewardship. The qualitative approach utilized individual, face-to-face, in-depth, semi-structured interviews with the 20 owners of middle- and large-scale pig farms in eastern Thailand. The major themes identified in this finding were: (1) the use of antimicrobials on farms and the knowledge of antimicrobials; (2) AMU on pig farms (the purpose of AMU, antimicrobial prescription practices, and performing antimicrobial susceptibility testing); (3) attitudes towards prescribing practices and record keeping; (4) farm animal husbandry practices and AMU; (5) factors influencing AMU; and (6) awareness regarding AMR. Most of the pig farm owners recognized that achieving Good Agricultural Practices certification required following the legislation and regulations for AMU. Other observations were that the respondents had positive attitudes towards prescribing practices, performing antimicrobial susceptibility testing before antimicrobial therapy, and recording drug use on farms; however, there was low awareness of AMR. In addition, alternative substances, such as medicinal plants, and proper biosecurity practices were mentioned. Factors influencing AMU on pig farms were intensive enforcement of legislation and regulations, the implementation of farm management practices, the provision of information and consultancy services by veterinary professionals, farmer experience, and consumer trends.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106287"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141767125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}