Preventive veterinary medicine最新文献

{"title":"Serosurvey of Leishmania infantum in equids in different European countries","authors":"Jesús Barbero-Moyano ,&nbsp;David Cano-Terriza ,&nbsp;Moisés Gonzálvez ,&nbsp;Inmaculada Moreno ,&nbsp;Eduard Jose-Cunilleras ,&nbsp;Francesco Buono ,&nbsp;Vincenzo Veneziano ,&nbsp;Eduardo Alguacil ,&nbsp;Jesús García ,&nbsp;Fabrizia Veronesi ,&nbsp;María A. Risalde ,&nbsp;Ignacio García-Bocanegra","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leishmaniosis is a vector-borne and zoonotic disease with major sanitary implications at global scale. In Europe, <em>Leishmania infantum</em> is the only endemic etiologic agent, which has been previously reported in a wide range of mammal. However, the information about the role of equids in the <em>L. infantum</em> epidemiology is limited. We aimed to assess the seroprevalence and identify potential risk factors associated with <em>L. infantum</em> seropositivity in equine populations across several European countries. A total of 1364 equids, including 1005 horses, 240 donkeys and 119 mules/hinnies from Spain, Italy, United Kingdom and Ireland were sampled between 2011 and 2023. The overall seroprevalence of <em>L. infantum</em> was 9.8 % using indirect immunofluorescence test. A significant higher prevalence of anti-<em>L. infantum</em> antibodies was found in donkeys (27.9 %) and mules/hinnies (21.1 %) compared to horses (4.0 %). By country, significantly higher seropositivity was detected in equids from Italy (17.7 %; 70/395) compared to Spain (11.2 %; 63/561), while no positivity was found in animals from Ireland and UK. Our results indicate a moderate and heterogeneous spatial circulation of <em>L. infantum</em> in equids from southern Europe. The variable ‘species’ (donkeys and mules/hinnies) was identified as risk factor associated with <em>L. infantum</em> seropositivity. This survey constitutes the largest seroepidemiological study evaluating the circulation of <em>L. infantum</em> in equids at global scale. Additionally, we report for the first time <em>L. infantum</em> exposure in mules/hinnies in Europe. Our findings suggest the potential role of equids in the <em>L. infantum</em> epidemiological cycle in southern Europe and the need to implement specific surveillance programs in these species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 106463"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143428282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human-animal interactions, occupational health and well-being in pig slaughterhouses of Colombia: Exploring worker perceptions and practices","authors":"Adriana P. Pastrana-Camacho ,&nbsp;Genaro C. Miranda-de la Lama ,&nbsp;Laura X. Estévez-Moreno","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Public concern about global health has forced the meat industry to make technological, operational and logistical improvements, but human-animal interactions are rarely considered from an animal welfare perspective. A total of 171 workers from 12 pig slaughterhouses were interviewed about their occupational perceptions and practices affecting their health and well-being, and human-pig interactions. Ninety percent of the workers interviewed were male, between 18 and 30 years old, with high school education, &lt; 7 years of experience, and learned their work in the slaughterhouse. In terms of human-animal interactions, we found that the nature of the tasks performed by each worker had an impact on their perceptions of pigs, particularly those involving work with live animals (outdoors) and stunning and bleeding (indoors). In addition, respondents show disapproval of cruel practices and a high level of awareness of pig pain and concern to alleviate it. However, there are neutral responses to statements that show some weakness in their feelings towards pigs. Forty per cent of respondents reported having at least one of the health problems and had suffered occupational accidents. The most common types of accidents were falls, cuts and animal aggression. These accidents were related to incorrect movements, especially in the morning, by personnel &gt; 40 years of age, with &gt; 7 years of experience, and the upper and/or lower extremities were most affected. Our results indicate that fatigue caused by factors such as line speed, uncoordinated operations, and risky behavior by workers, is the main cause of workplace accidents in slaughterhouses. Based on this evidence, we conclude that adjustments of work break/rest intervals and improvements of working conditions are necessary to reduce fatigue, improve safety, and enhance work efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 106462"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143428689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of early detection surveillance in PRRS-free regions","authors":"Mira Willkan ,&nbsp;Lorraine Chapot ,&nbsp;Angus Cameron ,&nbsp;Søren Kjærgaard Boldsen ,&nbsp;Mette Fertner","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In May 2022, a national control program targeting porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus was launched in Denmark, and the first regions are approaching a PRRS-free status. Hence, the question now arises as to how the surveillance should be performed to identify new incursions of the PRRS virus in PRRS-free regions as early as possible. The aim of the present study was to quantify the early detection sensitivity of the current and alternative PRRS surveillance systems in Denmark at a regional level. The current PRRS surveillance system is composed of a notifiable surveillance component and an active serological surveillance component, consisting of monthly sampling (breeding and multiplier farms) or yearly sampling (production farms). The results from the present study estimated that the current surveillance system would have a 21.5 % [16.0 %;32.4 %]_min;max probability of detecting an incursion of PRRS into a PRRS-free region. If monthly serum samples were taken on all farms, the probability would be increased to 87.7 % [87.4 %;88.6 %]_min;max. Adding a syndromic surveillance component to the existing surveillance system resulted in an early detection sensitivity of 23.9 % [17.6 %;34.6 %]_min;max, while targeted risk-based sampling resulted in probabilities of 27.8 % [17.9 %;33.8 %]_min;max and 62.6 % [17.9 %;79.5 %]_min;max for quarterly or monthly sampling frequencies, respectively. Results from the present study indicate a relatively low chance of detecting newly infected farms within the first month in a PRRS-free region with the current surveillance system. The probability of early detection of PRRS can be increased either by increasing the sampling frequency on all farms or by using targeted risk-based sampling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 106461"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tissue cyst-based quantitative risk assessment of human toxoplasmosis from consuming pork in Denmark: A farm-to-fork approach","authors":"Abbey Olsen ,&nbsp;Arno Swart ,&nbsp;Sara Monteiro Pires ,&nbsp;Sisse Fagt ,&nbsp;Vibeke Møgelmose ,&nbsp;Hans Houe ,&nbsp;Matthew Denwood ,&nbsp;Henrik Vedel Nielsen ,&nbsp;Lis Alban","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> is an important foodborne pathogen. The aim of this study was to develop a tissue cyst-based quantitative risk assessment model to estimate the probability of human infection with <em>T. gondii</em> from consuming pork in Denmark. A 'farm-to-fork' model was developed to trace the path of <em>T. gondii</em> infection, beginning with the true seroprevalence in pigs and proceeding to the estimation of tissue cysts in portions of pork. The model then accounted for the number of infectious portions post preparation and prior to consumption. Thereafter, the model estimated the probability of human infection from consumption of infectious portions using a dose-response model. The model predicted the prevalence of <em>T. gondii</em> infections in humans, with the assumption that infections did not equate clinical illness. The average estimated prevalence at the age of 75 years ranged from 58.8% to 88.8%, depending on specific model scenarios. Furthermore, the predicted prevalence was higher for portions originating from conventionally raised pigs compared to those from organic pigs. This was due to the significantly higher proportion of consumption of conventional pork compared to organic pork, and despite the per-portion risk being higher for organic pork. The model identified that undercooked pork, dry-cured sausages, and smoked products pose a risk of infection. The probabilities of human infection per portion consumed were estimated at 7.3 × 10⁻⁴, 4.7 × 10⁻⁴, and 1.2 × 10⁻⁵, respectively. However, the actual risk posed by dry-cured sausages remains uncertain due to limited data on the effectiveness of salting applied in dry-cured sausage processing. It was epidemiologically challenging to build the model due to the lack of comprehensive data on salting processes and the complexity of accurately reflecting industry standards. The age-specific prevalence offers limited value for public health decision-making; however, attribution of risk to specific pork products and in comparing organic and conventional pork provides more actionable insights for the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 106446"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SVEPM 2024, the annual conference of the Society for Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Uppsala, Sweden","authors":"Fernanda C. Dórea,&nbsp;Carla Correia-Gomes,&nbsp;Luís Pedro Carmo,&nbsp;Egil A.J. Fischer,&nbsp;Locksley L. McV. Messam,&nbsp;Katja Schulz,&nbsp;Timothée Vergne,&nbsp;Dave C. Brodbelt","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106458","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 106458"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating the controversy: Public perspectives on free-roaming cat populations and control strategies in Israel","authors":"Idit Gunther,&nbsp;Doron Levin,&nbsp;Eyal Klement","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The debate surrounding the management of free-roaming cat populations is multifaceted, with conflicting views between conservationists and cat advocates. In Israel, which is characterized by densely populated free-roaming cat communities, cat numbers remain high despite extensive Trap-Neuter-Return (TNR) efforts. Recognizing the importance of public engagement for ensuring success of control campaigns, we aimed to gather public opinion on the free-roaming cat phenomenon and control strategies. Interviews were conducted with 700 randomly selected passersby at central bus and train stations nationwide. A notable fraction (223, 31.9 %) of the participants reported feeding free-roaming cats at least once during the month preceding the survey. Two sub-groups of dedicated feeders were identified: eighty feeders (11.4 %) who reported feeding on a daily basis, and forty-one (5.9 %) ‘heavy’ feeders who reported feeding more than ten cats. While feeders and non-feeders of free-roaming cats shared similar characteristics, daily feeders were generally older, and fewer were Israeli-born. 54 % of all participants and 45 % of the dedicated feeders considered free-roaming cats as a negative phenomenon. However, feeders typically regarded feeding free-roaming cats as beneficial (75 % strongly agreed with feeding free-roaming cats), while non-feeders exhibited a more ambivalent attitude (30 % disagreed and 35 % strongly agreed with feeding actions). Remarkably, both feeders and non-feeders agreed that the numbers of free-roaming cats should be reduced (77.3 % of all participants). In addition, most participants (62 % of all participants) agreed at least partially with the application of neutering as a cat population management tool, while the vast majority (90 % of all participants) rejected the idea of culling. In conclusion, the general public perceives free-roaming cats negatively, and as a consequence, there is widespread support for the necessity to reduce cat numbers. However, the strong association between abundance of vital resources, such as food provided by feeders, and the cat population dynamics, is not understood or disregarded by both feeder and non-feeders of free-roaming cats. Authorities should therefore consider combining cat control programs with public education campaigns to raise public awareness of this issue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 106448"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus RNA contamination on swine industry transportation vehicles","authors":"Taylor B. Parker,&nbsp;Kelly A. Meiklejohn,&nbsp;Gustavo Machado,&nbsp;Michael Rahe,&nbsp;Bradford Sean Darrow,&nbsp;Juliana Bonin Ferreira","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is one of the most devastating pathogens of global swine health and welfare. It is well known that contaminated fomites and vehicle movements play an important role in farm-to-farm PEDV spread, but the efficacy of cleaning and disinfection (C&amp;D) protocols on the reduction in dissemination risk via vehicles and trailers remains unclear. This study used swine industry data to determine how frequently vehicles and trailers were contaminated with PEDV RNA before and after C&amp;D. Environmental RNA samples were collected at three eastern North Carolina C&amp;D sites from four different vehicle types: crew trucks, feed trucks, pigs-to-farm trucks and trailers, and pigs-to-market trucks and trailers. A total of 2004 samples were collected from truck cabins, trailers, and tires before and after C&amp;D with two commercial disinfectants at two different concentrations. An in-house RT-qPCR assay was used to detect the presence of PEDV RNA only (not infectivity status). Results suggest that pigs-to-market trucks hauling live pigs were the most likely to be contaminated with PEDV (79.17 % of trailers tested positive before C&amp;D and 88.52 % tested positive after C&amp;D), while feed trucks were the least likely contaminated (8.19 % of tires testing positive before C&amp;D and 15.12 % testing positive after C&amp;D). Based on PEDV RNA detection, we demonstrated that quaternary ammonium and glutaraldehyde is a more effective disinfectant compared to advanced hydrogen peroxide in eliminating detectable PEDV RNA. Results also show that truck cabins are just as contaminated as the exterior of their vehicles. Based on these results, vehicle biosecurity measures should be evaluated and modified to prevent the spread of PEDV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 106447"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143203153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Implementation of bio…what?’ Farm workers’ subjectivities in Spanish dairy cattle farms through an ethnographic approach","authors":"Sebastian Moya ,&nbsp;Josep Espluga-Trenc ,&nbsp;Gareth Enticott","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the implementation of biosecurity measures by farm workers through daily work routines on dairy cattle farms in Spain. The implementation of biosecurity measures on dairy cattle farms is mainly decided by farmers and veterinarians, but it is carried out by both farmers and farm workers. However, farm workers may be affected by socio-employment factors such as the precariousness of their work such that implementation of biosecurity measures may be context dependent and may differ from official recommendations. An ethnographic approach was used through observations and conversations on four farms in two regions of Spain, two in Galicia (north-west) and two in Catalonia (north-east) to explore these factors. The profiles of participants were farmer-family workers, internal worker-employees and external worker-employees. Results showed that there were social differences, particularly communicative and hierarchical differences, between workers and farmers that influenced the implementation of biosecurity measures. Workers implemented biosecurity practices incompletely, differently or incorrectly from their supervisors’ instructions. Workers also relied on what the authors called an anthropomorphic approach to implementing biosecurity measures, which deviated from farm guidelines. In order to improve the implementation of biosecurity measures on dairy cattle farms, it is necessary to consider workers as key stakeholders in biosecurity. Such consideration could also help to professionalise workers, reduce their turnover and increase their permanence on these farms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 106407"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142854777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"African Swine Fever: Spread and seasonal patterns worldwide","authors":"Isadora Martins Pinto Coelho ,&nbsp;Marcelo Teixeira Paiva ,&nbsp;Ailton Junior Antunes da Costa ,&nbsp;Rafael Romero Nicolino","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>African Swine Fever (ASF) is a viral disease affecting both wild and domestic swine, with the potential for major lethality rates. In addition to direct losses for producers, its notification in a free country or zone leads to international trade restrictions. The disease has spread globally at concerning levels, with outbreaks reported in recent years across five continents. Time series analysis of ASF outbreak notifications indicates an increasing trend in Europe and Asia. For Europe, including both domestic pigs and wild boar, seasonality was pronounced in the summer and autumn (July, August, and October). Wild boar represented 78.00 % (25,017) of the reported outbreaks in the continent, with pronounced seasonality in winter (December, January and February) and a peak in summer (July). In domestic pigs, seasonality was pronounced mainly in the summer (July and August) and autumn (October). Poland and Romania were the countries with the highest number of reported outbreaks on the continent, representing 35.34 % and 22.50 % of the total in Europe, respectively. In Asia, analysis including both domestic pigs and wild boar showed pronounced seasonality in February and March. For domestic animals, a higher number of outbreaks occur in the early months of the year (mainly February, and March), in the third quarter and early fourth (August, September, October and November), with a decrease in the middle (July) and at the end of the year (December). In China, the notifications are predominantly in domestic swine, with 97.21 % (209) of the reported outbreaks in the country. For wild boars, South Korea accounts for 96.46 % (1690) of the notifications in Asia. Seasonality in Europe may be related to increased human movement during these periods and wild boar behavior. In Asia, seasonality coincides with the period immediately following the Chinese New Year, probably related to the increased national demand for pork and the movement of people and by-products in the country. Recent notifications in 2021 and 2022 in the Caribbean region have raised concerns across the Americas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 106401"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142865360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of antibiotic purchase data for ceftiofur and enrofloxacin and minimum inhibitory concentrations among Escherichia coli isolates from swine farms in the Midwestern United States using multiple statistical models","authors":"Karyn A. Havas ,&nbsp;Roy Edler ,&nbsp;Laura Ruesch ,&nbsp;Marlee Braun ,&nbsp;Joel Nerem ,&nbsp;Scott Dee ,&nbsp;Taylor Spronk ,&nbsp;Laura B. Goodman ,&nbsp;Noelle Noyes ,&nbsp;H. Morgan Scott","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antimicrobial resistance is considered a global One Health threat. Controlling selection pressure by reducing antibiotic use in livestock is a significant component of the response to this threat. The science concerning use and resistance is complicated and affected by time from antibiotic exposure, changing bacterial fitness, and varies by drug and pathogen. From May 2020 through October 2023, we collected intestinal (substandard and sick pigs) and fecal swab (healthy pig) samples at breed-to-wean (BTW) and wean-to-market (WTM) swine production sites and isolated <em>E. coli</em> bacteria. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed on these isolates to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for ceftiofur and enrofloxacin. Monthly antibiotic purchase data were used to calculate the active milligrams of drug purchased and these were divided by the kilograms of pigs produced from a farm site to provide a mass-adjusted proxy metric for farm-level antibiotic use. The relationship between use and MIC was then evaluated using a variety of multivariable statistical models. Across multiple modeling approaches, both farm type (i.e., BTW versus WTM) and farm-level antibiotic use maintained statistically significant relationships relative to <em>E. coli</em> MIC values for each respective drug. Use of ceftiofur and enrofloxacin can lead to increased MIC values among <em>E. coli</em> over time. The reasons for antibiotic purchases were not tracked as part of this project. Future work should evaluate the age of the individual pig and the time from last treatment when sampling these animals to separate out the group from individual-level effects of antibiotic use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 106411"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142896961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}