Preventive veterinary medicine最新文献

{"title":"Global seroprevalence and factors associated with seropositivity for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) in cats: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"José Artur Brilhante Bezerra ,&nbsp;Clécio Henrique Limeira ,&nbsp;Ana Carolina Pontes de Miranda Maranhão ,&nbsp;João Marcelo Azevedo de Paula Antunes ,&nbsp;Sérgio Santos de Azevedo","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a retrovirus of the <em>Lentivirus</em> genus, distributed worldwide, that causes persistent infection with a significant impact on the cats’ health. Due to the importance of this infection in feline medicine, this pioneering study aimed to obtain an integrated estimate of the global seroprevalence of FIV in cats and to characterize the factors associated with this infection. Four electronic databases were screened for observational studies with FIV seroprevalence in cats published globally for this systematic review and meta-analysis. The initial search method returned 873 studies, of which 113 met all predefined criteria and were therefore included in this review. Meta-analysis with general data was performed, and a combined global seropositivity of 9.43 % (95 % CI: 8.24 % – 10.78 %) was found. Seropositivity was 14.34 % (95 % CI = 10.92 % – 18.61 %) in Asia, 11.90 % (95 % CI = 9.82 % – 14.34 %) in Oceania, 10.90 % (95 % CI = 5.71 % – 19.82 %) in Central America, 9.43 % (95 % CI = 6.95 % – 12.66 %) in South America, 9 % (95 % CI = 0 – 80 %) in Africa, 8.98 % (95 % CI = 7.31 % – 10.98 %) in Europe, and 5.93 % (95 % CI = 4.33 % – 8.07 %) in North America. Meta-analysis of factors associated with seropositivity demonstrated that FIV seroprevalence was higher in male (Prevalence ratio [PR] = 2.53, 95 % CI = 2.16 – 2.95), adult (PR = 2.83, 95 % CI = 2.24 – 3.56), unowned status (PR = 1.47, 95 % CI = 1.07 – 2.03), sick status (PR = 2.46, 95 % CI = 1.97 – 3.06), and cats with outdoor access (PR = 4.38, 95 % CI = 2.26 – 8.47). The results demonstrated that FIV is globally distributed and has a high seroprevalence in some geographical areas. Information compiled from this research is relevant to understanding the worldwide epidemiology of FIV. It presents the potential to contribute to the planning of strategies focused on controlling and reducing cases in cat populations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 106315"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141984706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salmonella Prevalence and antibiotic resistance profile in raw poultry meat sold in North Lebanon: Insights from the COVID-19 pandemic and economic crisis","authors":"Sara Khalife ,&nbsp;Dima El Safadi","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Salmonella</em>-related foodborne illness is a significant public health concern, with the primary source of human infection being animal-based food products, particularly chicken meat. Lebanon is currently experiencing a dual crisis: the COVID-19 pandemic and an unprecedented economic crisis, which has resulted in substantial challenges to the public health system and food safety. This study aims to assess the prevalence and antibiotic resistance profile of <em>Salmonella</em> in raw poultry meat sold in North Lebanon during this dual crisis. A cross-sectional study was carried out between May 2021 and April 2022 across six different districts in North Lebanon. A total of 288 whole, unprocessed chickens were examined. The isolation and identification of <em>Salmonella</em> isolates were done based on cultural and biochemical properties. All isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and phenotypic assays for Extended-Spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL) detection. The prevalence of <em>Salmonella</em> in raw poultry meat purchased in North Lebanon reached 18.05 % (52/288). The dry season and chilled chicken were significantly associated with an increased risk of <em>Salmonella</em> contamination (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, 34.61 % of the isolates were potential ESBL producers, and 57.69 % exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR). This study highlights the existence of MDR in chicken meat in North Lebanon, posing a potential health risk if undercooked chicken meat is consumed. This emphasizes the importance of the implementation of preventive strategies and hygienic procedures throughout the food chain to reduce the risk of <em>Salmonella</em> spp. contamination in chicken meats and its potential transmission to humans.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106299"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141898099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of canid alphaherpesvirus-1 and associated risk factors in domestic dogs in North Queensland, Australia","authors":"C.J. Joonè ,&nbsp;B. Gummow ,&nbsp;P.F. Horwood","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Canid alphaherpesvirus-1 (CaHV-1) may cause a highly fatal haemorrhagic disease in neonatal pups and is associated with reproductive, respiratory and ocular disease in older dogs. Although assumed to have a world-wide distribution, there have been few reports of CaHV-1 in Australia. The aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of CaHV-1 in household dogs in a residential suburb in Townsville, as well as in dogs attending two dog shows in the region. Study participants were recruited through door-to-door non-probability sampling (Douglas dogs, n = 185) or invited to participate (Show dogs; n = 76). Dog owners completed a questionnaire that investigated possible risk factors for recent exposure to CaHV-1. A serum sample from each dog was assayed for anti-CaHV-1 antibodies using a commercially available ELISA. Associations between seropositive dogs and owner-reported risk factors were analysed using univariable analysis and multivariable logistic regression models. The seroprevalence of CaHV-1 was 11.4 % (95 % CI 6.8–15.9 %) and 17.1 % (95 % CI 5.5–28.8) for the Douglas and Show dogs, respectively, with a pooled seroprevalence of 13 % (95 % CI 8.3–17.7 %). Dogs that had suffered from conjunctivitis within the previous 3 months or were involved in breeding were more likely to be seropositive to CaHV-1. No other significant risk factors were identified. In conclusion, CaHV-1 is circulating in dogs in North Queensland and may be contributing to foetal and neonatal losses in this region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 106304"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587724001909/pdfft?md5=3232d11bc91d412351643713b4c21d18&pid=1-s2.0-S0167587724001909-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141907503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A public health campaign to increase awareness of the risk of dog bites in South Australia","authors":"Susan J. Hazel ,&nbsp;Ivan Iankov","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dog bites are a serious public health problem. A campaign by the Dog and Cat Management Board of South Australia was launched to increase awareness that any dog can bite as a first step in reducing the incidence of dog bites. The aims of this study were to 1) evaluate changes in attitudes to dog bites following the media campaign, and 2) provide baseline data on dog bites and attitudes to interactions with dogs to help target future campaigns. The media campaign ‘Good Dogs Have Bad Days’ was run from July to October, 2023, using TV, radio, billboards and social media. A cross-sectional survey was conducted pre- and post-campaign, including demographics and questions relating to interactions and attitudes to dogs. A total of n = 402 to the pre- and n = 404 responses to the post-campaign surveys were received, with most having owned a dog, living in metropolitan areas, and an equal split of males and females. Over one third (36–37 %) of dog owners and 25–29 % of non-dog owners had been previously bitten by a dog, although most did not require medical attention. Respondents were more likely to agree that any dog can bite if they recalled seeing the campaign, and less likely if they were male and had poor knowledge of the scenarios in which a dog might bite. Older respondents and those from lower socioeconomic areas believed dog bites were a more serious community issue than younger respondents from higher socioeconomic areas. Approximately 70 % of dog owners believed it was safe for strangers to approach their dog, 34–37 % allowed children or other people to pat their dog without permission and less than half separated their dog from visitors or delivery people. In contrast few of the non-dog owners allowed their children to pat a dog without the owner’s permission and only 2 % allowed them to play with dogs without supervision. The results demonstrate a relatively short campaign was associated with increased agreement any dog can bite. The proportion of respondents who had been bitten by a dog affirms the importance of public health campaigns targeting dog attacks. Some behaviours, such as supervising dogs around children and keeping dogs separate from delivery people, had relatively low agreement from dog owners and may be targeted in future campaigns. Public awareness campaigns and ongoing education will help to increase safer interactions with dogs, but it will take time and commitment to achieve a result.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 106298"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587724001843/pdfft?md5=b93c65d27e156d84d04df91e6d6bc7fd&pid=1-s2.0-S0167587724001843-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141907502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amplification of avian influenza virus circulation along poultry marketing chains in Bangladesh: A controlled field experiment","authors":"Lisa Kohnle ,&nbsp;Tridip Das ,&nbsp;Md. Helal Uddin ,&nbsp;Sanjib Chandra Nath ,&nbsp;Md. Abu Shoieb Mohsin ,&nbsp;Rashed Mahmud ,&nbsp;Paritosh Kumar Biswas ,&nbsp;Md. Ahasanul Hoque ,&nbsp;Dirk Udo Pfeiffer ,&nbsp;Guillaume Fournié","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The prevalence of avian influenza viruses is commonly found to increase dramatically as birds are transported from farms to live bird markets. Viral transmission dynamics along marketing chains are, however, poorly understood. To address this gap, we implemented a controlled field experiment altering chicken supply to a live bird market in Chattogram, Bangladesh. Broilers and backyard chickens traded along altered (intervention) and conventional (control) marketing chains were tested for avian influenza viruses at different time points. Upon arrival at the live bird market, the odds of detecting avian influenza viruses did not differ between control and intervention groups. However, 12 h later, intervention group odds were lower, particularly for broilers, indicating that viral shedding in live bird markets resulted partly from infections occurring during transport and trade. Curtailing avian influenza virus prevalence in live bird markets requires mitigating risk in marketing chain nodes preceding chickens’ delivery at live bird markets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 106302"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587724001880/pdfft?md5=0f5912993f132b125ce851249a5e982d&pid=1-s2.0-S0167587724001880-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141976402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nested PCR effective to detect low viral loads of SARS-CoV-2 in animal samples","authors":"Carlos Javier Panei ,&nbsp;Nadia Analía Fuentealba ,&nbsp;María Emilia Bravi ,&nbsp;Gastón Moré ,&nbsp;Natalia Brasso","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>SARS-CoV-2 emerged from an animal source and was then transmitted to humans, causing the COVID-19 pandemic. Since a wide range of animals are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, the zoonotic potential of SARS-CoV-2 increases with every new animal infected. The molecular gold standard assay for SARS-CoV-2 detection is real-time RT-PCR, where the Ct obtained is proportional to the amount of nucleic acid and can be a semi-quantitative measure of the viral load. However, since the use of real-time RT-PCR assays in animal samples is low due to the high costs, the use of validated nested PCR assays will help to monitor large-scale animal samplings, by reducing the costs of detection. In the present study, 140 samples from dogs and cats (15 SARS-CoV-2-positive samples with Ct values from 27 to 33, and 125 negative samples), previously analyzed by real-time RT-PCR, were analyzed by nested PCR. To increase the number of positive samples to determine the sensitivity of the assay, 40 human samples obtained during COVID-19 diagnosis in 2020 were included. The specificity of the primers was analyzed against samples positive to canine coronavirus (CCV) and feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV). To calculate the limit of detection (LoD) of the nested PCR, the viral load was estimated extrapolating the Ct value obtained by real-time RT-PCR. The Ct values obtained were considered as semi-quantitative and were able to distinguish between high, moderate and low viral loads. The Kappa value or “agreement” between assays and reliability of the nested PCR were also determined. Eleven of the animal samples analyzed by nested PCR targeting the N gene were detected as positive, while 129 were detected as negative to the virus, with Ct values ranging between17 and 31.5. All the samples from humans analyzed by nested PCR were positive. These results indicate that the assay has a sensitivity of near 95 % and a specificity of 100 %. No unspecific reactions analyzed by nested PCR were observed with the samples positive to CCV and FIPV. The samples detected as positive to SARS-CoV-2 by nested PCR were those that presented a Ct between17 and 31.5. The LoD of the nested PCR was estimated close to 50 copies/µL of viral load, corresponding with a Ct of 31.5. The Kappa value between assays was excellent (<em>k</em> = 0.829). The results obtained demonstrate that nested PCR is useful to detect SARS-CoV-2 low viral loads at a lower cost than with real-time RT-PCR.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 106303"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141917353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benchmarking analysis of computer vision algorithms on edge devices for the real-time detection of digital dermatitis in dairy cows","authors":"Srikanth Aravamuthan,&nbsp;Emil Walleser,&nbsp;Dörte Döpfer","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Digital dermatitis (DD) is a bovine claw disease responsible for ulcerative lesions on the coronary band of the foot. It causes significant animal welfare and economic losses to the cattle industry. Early detection of DD can lead to prompt treatment and decrease lameness. Current detection and staging methods require a trained individual to evaluate the interdigital space on each foot for clinical signs of DD. Computer vision (CV), a type of artificial intelligence for image analysis, has demonstrated promising results on object detection tasks. However, farms require robust solutions that can be deployed in harsh conditions including dust, debris, humidity, precipitation, other equipment issues. The study aims to train, deploy, and benchmark DD detection models on edge devices. Images were collected from commercial dairy farms with the camera facing the interdigital space on the plantar surface of the foot. Images were scored for M-stages of DD by a trained investigator using the M-stage DD classification system. Models were trained to detect and score DD lesions and embedded on an edge device. The Tiny YOLOv4 model deployed on a CV specific integrated camera module connected to a single board computer achieved a mean average precision (mAP) of 0.895, an overall prediction accuracy of 0.873, and a Cohen’s kappa of 0.830 for agreement between the computer vision model and the trained investigator. The model reached a final inference speed of 40 frames per second (FPS) and ran stably without any interruptions. The CV model was able to detect DD lesions on an edge device with high performance and speed. The CV tool can be used for early detection and prompt treatment of DD in dairy cows. Real-time detection of DD on edge device will improve health outcomes, while simultaneously decreasing labor costs. We demonstrate that the deployed model can be a low-power and portable solution for real-time detection of DD on dairy farms. This result is a step towards applying CV algorithms to veterinary medicine and implementing real-time detection of health outcomes in precision farming.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 106300"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141913738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal transmission of Small Ruminant Lentivirus has no epidemiological importance","authors":"Andrew W. Illius ,&nbsp;Nicholas J. Savill","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The relative importance of maternal and horizontal transmission of small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV), the causative organism in maedi-visna, is poorly understood. Review of the literature shows that maternal transmission is inefficient, infecting only about 10–25 % of the lambs of infected ewes. Theory proves that maternal transmission alone cannot achieve the rates of transmission that would be required to start or maintain an outbreak. Maternal and horizontal transmission are additive in effect, and we use modelling to show that maternal transmission does not amplify or enhance prevalence in the presence of horizontal transmission. Taking steps to avoid maternal transmission by rearing lambs without infected maternal colostrum does have a role in producing a clean flock, but has no significance for the control of a disease outbreak if the conditions for horizontal transmission are present. Efforts to prevent disease by reducing the spread of SRLV must be focussed on minimising horizontal transmission.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106297"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587724001831/pdfft?md5=e170d97a7eb34d0d52e8a86d18be5f8b&pid=1-s2.0-S0167587724001831-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial and seasonal distribution of Leptospira spp. seropositive horses in the Northeast region of Brazil","authors":"Davidianne A. Morais ,&nbsp;Bruno C. Nunes ,&nbsp;Nathanael N.C. Barnabé ,&nbsp;Denize M. Anjos ,&nbsp;Camila S. Bezerra ,&nbsp;Diego F. Costa ,&nbsp;Carolina S.A.B. Santos ,&nbsp;Sérgio S. Azevedo ,&nbsp;Clebert J. Alves","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Leptospirosis is an anthropozoonosis of economic and public health importance, caused by bacteria of the genus <em>Leptospira</em>. Horses are deemed important in its transmission chain due to their proximity to humans, and because the species is often asymptomatic, making these animals potential silent reservoirs. In this context, the objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of seropositive horses for <em>Leptospira</em> spp., and to identify the presence of <em>Leptospira</em> spp. serogroups and antibody titers, the occurrence of areas with higher density of infection cases and demographic characteristics associated with seropositivity in the states of Paraíba (PB), Pernambuco (PE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN) and Ceará (CE), in the Northeast region of Brazil, during rainy (May and June) and dry (October and November) seasons from 2017 to 2019. Using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), 1152 equine serum samples from 225 municipalities were analyzed. Anti-<em>Leptospira</em> antibodies were detected in 23.9 % (95 % CI= 21.4 – 26.3 %) of the samples in the three-year period, with a frequency of 30.4 % (95 % CI= 26.7 – 34.2 %) during the rainy period (with greater emphasis on the Ballum serogroup) and 17.4 % (95 % CI= 14.3 – 20.5 %) in the dry period (with greater emphasis on the Sejroe serogroup). Age of horses ≥ 6 years (6–10 years, 11–15 years and ≥ 16 years), rainy season, and animal belonging to Pernambuco state were factors with higher seropositivities. Regarding spatial distribution, a higher percentage of seropositive animals was observed in Pernambuco (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), in interstate border areas, and large urban centers, with a spatial cluster detected in the dry season of 2018 with relative risk of 2.8 (<em>P</em> = 0.049) times higher in municipalities within the cluster. It is suggested that measures for controlling rodents and contact with wild animals in equine farming, both in rainy and dry periods, combined with care regarding the use of pastures shared with cattle and the adoption of immunoprophylaxis are important in preventing and controlling leptospirosis in horses in the Northeast region of Brazil.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 106301"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141913739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic profile of Charolais young bulls transported over long-distance","authors":"Matteo Santinello ,&nbsp;Isabella Lora ,&nbsp;Clothilde Villot ,&nbsp;Giulio Cozzi ,&nbsp;Mauro Penasa ,&nbsp;Eric Chevaux ,&nbsp;Bruno Martin ,&nbsp;Alberto Guerra ,&nbsp;Federico Righi ,&nbsp;Massimo De Marchi","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Long-distance transport can cause stress to beef cattle impairing health and growth performances. This study aimed to deepen the knowledge of the effects of long-distance transport on young bulls’ metabolic profile to identify reliable blood parameters for monitoring their health and welfare. Eighty Charolais young bulls, transported for 12 hours to the final fattening unit, were weighed and blood sampled at three time intervals: before leaving the commingling centre (<strong>day −1</strong>), upon arrival at the fattening unit (<strong>day 0</strong>), and 7 days post-arrival (<strong>day 7</strong>). These bulls were part of a larger study aimed at testing whether the animals have some benefit from the supplementation of live yeast and selenium through slow-release rumen boluses that were administered to half of them before departure from France (‘Yeast’ vs ‘Control’ group). The effect of the supplementation on the parameters considered in this study was included in the statistical analysis to account for the structure of the experimental design. Transport affected the initial body weight of the animals, which dropped on day 0 and it was not fully recovered on day 7. Most plasma traits of protein, energy, hepato-muscle, and mineral profiles were affected by transport. Cortisol was also assessed and peaked at day 0. The footprint of the long-distance transport on bulls’ metabolic profile indicated a combination of stress, energy deficit, and muscle damage, with a certain degree of dehydration and liver impairment. Plasma traits measured on day −1 highlighted that stressful conditions and physiological responses of the bulls to recover homeostasis already started during the commingling phase before departure. No effect of supplementation was detected, except for higher selenium plasma level in Yeast bulls at day 7. Among blood parameters, non-esterified fatty acids, total protein, cortisol, glucose, and iron were those responsible for most of the variation in metabolic profile of bulls undergoing long journey. Therefore, these traits might be used as major biomarkers to assess stress in transported beef cattle, helping to identify critical situations for which proper mitigating actions should be taken. The outcomes of this study suggested that preventive measures against transport stress in beef cattle should start at the commingling of the animals in the collection centers, thus before departure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 106296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016758772400182X/pdfft?md5=3ce25917169f213326e75345b1ed8f71&pid=1-s2.0-S016758772400182X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141842515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}