Preventive veterinary medicine最新文献

{"title":"Quantification of early detection surveillance in PRRS-free regions","authors":"Mira Willkan ,&nbsp;Lorraine Chapot ,&nbsp;Angus Cameron ,&nbsp;Søren Kjærgaard Boldsen ,&nbsp;Mette Fertner","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In May 2022, a national control program targeting porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus was launched in Denmark, and the first regions are approaching a PRRS-free status. Hence, the question now arises as to how the surveillance should be performed to identify new incursions of the PRRS virus in PRRS-free regions as early as possible. The aim of the present study was to quantify the early detection sensitivity of the current and alternative PRRS surveillance systems in Denmark at a regional level. The current PRRS surveillance system is composed of a notifiable surveillance component and an active serological surveillance component, consisting of monthly sampling (breeding and multiplier farms) or yearly sampling (production farms). The results from the present study estimated that the current surveillance system would have a 21.5 % [16.0 %;32.4 %]_min;max probability of detecting an incursion of PRRS into a PRRS-free region. If monthly serum samples were taken on all farms, the probability would be increased to 87.7 % [87.4 %;88.6 %]_min;max. Adding a syndromic surveillance component to the existing surveillance system resulted in an early detection sensitivity of 23.9 % [17.6 %;34.6 %]_min;max, while targeted risk-based sampling resulted in probabilities of 27.8 % [17.9 %;33.8 %]_min;max and 62.6 % [17.9 %;79.5 %]_min;max for quarterly or monthly sampling frequencies, respectively. Results from the present study indicate a relatively low chance of detecting newly infected farms within the first month in a PRRS-free region with the current surveillance system. The probability of early detection of PRRS can be increased either by increasing the sampling frequency on all farms or by using targeted risk-based sampling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 106461"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tissue cyst-based quantitative risk assessment of human toxoplasmosis from consuming pork in Denmark: A farm-to-fork approach","authors":"Abbey Olsen ,&nbsp;Arno Swart ,&nbsp;Sara Monteiro Pires ,&nbsp;Sisse Fagt ,&nbsp;Vibeke Møgelmose ,&nbsp;Hans Houe ,&nbsp;Matthew Denwood ,&nbsp;Henrik Vedel Nielsen ,&nbsp;Lis Alban","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> is an important foodborne pathogen. The aim of this study was to develop a tissue cyst-based quantitative risk assessment model to estimate the probability of human infection with <em>T. gondii</em> from consuming pork in Denmark. A 'farm-to-fork' model was developed to trace the path of <em>T. gondii</em> infection, beginning with the true seroprevalence in pigs and proceeding to the estimation of tissue cysts in portions of pork. The model then accounted for the number of infectious portions post preparation and prior to consumption. Thereafter, the model estimated the probability of human infection from consumption of infectious portions using a dose-response model. The model predicted the prevalence of <em>T. gondii</em> infections in humans, with the assumption that infections did not equate clinical illness. The average estimated prevalence at the age of 75 years ranged from 58.8% to 88.8%, depending on specific model scenarios. Furthermore, the predicted prevalence was higher for portions originating from conventionally raised pigs compared to those from organic pigs. This was due to the significantly higher proportion of consumption of conventional pork compared to organic pork, and despite the per-portion risk being higher for organic pork. The model identified that undercooked pork, dry-cured sausages, and smoked products pose a risk of infection. The probabilities of human infection per portion consumed were estimated at 7.3 × 10⁻⁴, 4.7 × 10⁻⁴, and 1.2 × 10⁻⁵, respectively. However, the actual risk posed by dry-cured sausages remains uncertain due to limited data on the effectiveness of salting applied in dry-cured sausage processing. It was epidemiologically challenging to build the model due to the lack of comprehensive data on salting processes and the complexity of accurately reflecting industry standards. The age-specific prevalence offers limited value for public health decision-making; however, attribution of risk to specific pork products and in comparing organic and conventional pork provides more actionable insights for the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 106446"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SVEPM 2024, the annual conference of the Society for Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Uppsala, Sweden","authors":"Fernanda C. Dórea,&nbsp;Carla Correia-Gomes,&nbsp;Luís Pedro Carmo,&nbsp;Egil A.J. Fischer,&nbsp;Locksley L. McV. Messam,&nbsp;Katja Schulz,&nbsp;Timothée Vergne,&nbsp;Dave C. Brodbelt","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106458","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 106458"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating the controversy: Public perspectives on free-roaming cat populations and control strategies in Israel","authors":"Idit Gunther,&nbsp;Doron Levin,&nbsp;Eyal Klement","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The debate surrounding the management of free-roaming cat populations is multifaceted, with conflicting views between conservationists and cat advocates. In Israel, which is characterized by densely populated free-roaming cat communities, cat numbers remain high despite extensive Trap-Neuter-Return (TNR) efforts. Recognizing the importance of public engagement for ensuring success of control campaigns, we aimed to gather public opinion on the free-roaming cat phenomenon and control strategies. Interviews were conducted with 700 randomly selected passersby at central bus and train stations nationwide. A notable fraction (223, 31.9 %) of the participants reported feeding free-roaming cats at least once during the month preceding the survey. Two sub-groups of dedicated feeders were identified: eighty feeders (11.4 %) who reported feeding on a daily basis, and forty-one (5.9 %) ‘heavy’ feeders who reported feeding more than ten cats. While feeders and non-feeders of free-roaming cats shared similar characteristics, daily feeders were generally older, and fewer were Israeli-born. 54 % of all participants and 45 % of the dedicated feeders considered free-roaming cats as a negative phenomenon. However, feeders typically regarded feeding free-roaming cats as beneficial (75 % strongly agreed with feeding free-roaming cats), while non-feeders exhibited a more ambivalent attitude (30 % disagreed and 35 % strongly agreed with feeding actions). Remarkably, both feeders and non-feeders agreed that the numbers of free-roaming cats should be reduced (77.3 % of all participants). In addition, most participants (62 % of all participants) agreed at least partially with the application of neutering as a cat population management tool, while the vast majority (90 % of all participants) rejected the idea of culling. In conclusion, the general public perceives free-roaming cats negatively, and as a consequence, there is widespread support for the necessity to reduce cat numbers. However, the strong association between abundance of vital resources, such as food provided by feeders, and the cat population dynamics, is not understood or disregarded by both feeder and non-feeders of free-roaming cats. Authorities should therefore consider combining cat control programs with public education campaigns to raise public awareness of this issue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 106448"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus RNA contamination on swine industry transportation vehicles","authors":"Taylor B. Parker,&nbsp;Kelly A. Meiklejohn,&nbsp;Gustavo Machado,&nbsp;Michael Rahe,&nbsp;Bradford Sean Darrow,&nbsp;Juliana Bonin Ferreira","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is one of the most devastating pathogens of global swine health and welfare. It is well known that contaminated fomites and vehicle movements play an important role in farm-to-farm PEDV spread, but the efficacy of cleaning and disinfection (C&amp;D) protocols on the reduction in dissemination risk via vehicles and trailers remains unclear. This study used swine industry data to determine how frequently vehicles and trailers were contaminated with PEDV RNA before and after C&amp;D. Environmental RNA samples were collected at three eastern North Carolina C&amp;D sites from four different vehicle types: crew trucks, feed trucks, pigs-to-farm trucks and trailers, and pigs-to-market trucks and trailers. A total of 2004 samples were collected from truck cabins, trailers, and tires before and after C&amp;D with two commercial disinfectants at two different concentrations. An in-house RT-qPCR assay was used to detect the presence of PEDV RNA only (not infectivity status). Results suggest that pigs-to-market trucks hauling live pigs were the most likely to be contaminated with PEDV (79.17 % of trailers tested positive before C&amp;D and 88.52 % tested positive after C&amp;D), while feed trucks were the least likely contaminated (8.19 % of tires testing positive before C&amp;D and 15.12 % testing positive after C&amp;D). Based on PEDV RNA detection, we demonstrated that quaternary ammonium and glutaraldehyde is a more effective disinfectant compared to advanced hydrogen peroxide in eliminating detectable PEDV RNA. Results also show that truck cabins are just as contaminated as the exterior of their vehicles. Based on these results, vehicle biosecurity measures should be evaluated and modified to prevent the spread of PEDV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 106447"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143203153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Implementation of bio…what?’ Farm workers’ subjectivities in Spanish dairy cattle farms through an ethnographic approach","authors":"Sebastian Moya ,&nbsp;Josep Espluga-Trenc ,&nbsp;Gareth Enticott","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the implementation of biosecurity measures by farm workers through daily work routines on dairy cattle farms in Spain. The implementation of biosecurity measures on dairy cattle farms is mainly decided by farmers and veterinarians, but it is carried out by both farmers and farm workers. However, farm workers may be affected by socio-employment factors such as the precariousness of their work such that implementation of biosecurity measures may be context dependent and may differ from official recommendations. An ethnographic approach was used through observations and conversations on four farms in two regions of Spain, two in Galicia (north-west) and two in Catalonia (north-east) to explore these factors. The profiles of participants were farmer-family workers, internal worker-employees and external worker-employees. Results showed that there were social differences, particularly communicative and hierarchical differences, between workers and farmers that influenced the implementation of biosecurity measures. Workers implemented biosecurity practices incompletely, differently or incorrectly from their supervisors’ instructions. Workers also relied on what the authors called an anthropomorphic approach to implementing biosecurity measures, which deviated from farm guidelines. In order to improve the implementation of biosecurity measures on dairy cattle farms, it is necessary to consider workers as key stakeholders in biosecurity. Such consideration could also help to professionalise workers, reduce their turnover and increase their permanence on these farms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 106407"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142854777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overweight and obese body condition in ∼4.9 million dogs and ∼1.3 million cats seen at primary practices across the USA: Prevalences by life stage from early growth to senior","authors":"Mathieu Montoya ,&nbsp;Franck Péron ,&nbsp;Tabitha Hookey ,&nbsp;JoAnn Morrison ,&nbsp;Alexander J. German ,&nbsp;Virginie Gaillard ,&nbsp;John Flanagan","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adult dogs and cats in overweight or obese condition are common, but prevalence data for different life stages, especially growth, are limited, and may help inform when preventative measures may be most effective. In this retrospective observational study, prevalences of overweight and obese condition were determined from the electronic medical records of dogs and cats of all life stages visiting Banfield Pet Hospital in the USA between 2020 and 2023. Animals were identified either by body condition score (BCS; overweight 6–7; obese 8–9) or from a clinical diagnosis of overweight condition or obesity when recorded. Life stages (early growth, late growth, young adult, adult, mature, and senior) were defined by age range, adjusted for species and breed size in dogs. Individuals could only be included once within each life stage, with the maximum BCS used. Prevalence was determined for the 4-year period and for each calendar year. The evolution of BCS was also assessed for animals with multiple records. In total, 4933,916 unique dogs and 1341,118 unique cats were included. In dogs, prevalences of overweight or obese condition were: 0.9 % and &lt; 0.0 % (early growth), 9.5 % and 0.3 % (late growth), 24.4 % and 1.9 % (young adult); 44.5 % and 8.4 % (adult), 50.1 % and 12.6 % (mature); 46.4 % and 11.3 % (senior). In cats, prevalences of overweight or obese condition were: 0.8 % and &lt; 0.0 % (early growth); 10.7 % and 0.4 % (late growth); 36.2 % and 3.6 % (young adult); 47.2 % and 13.9 % (adult); 44.8 % and 21.7 % (mature); and 32.0 % and 12.6 % (senior). From 2020–2021 and 2021–2022 prevalences of overweight and obese condition in dogs and overweight condition in cats increased in most life stages. The prevalence of overweight condition in dogs and obese condition in cats and dogs significantly decreased between 2022 and 2023 for some life stages. The odds ratio of an overweight or obese condition in adulthood was 1.85 (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.81, 1.86); <em>P</em> ≤ 0.001) for dogs and 1.52 (95 % CI: 1.48, 1.56; <em>P</em> ≤ 0.001) for cats where an overweight or obese condition was recorded during growth. In conclusion, both overweight and obese condition are prevalent throughout adult life, peaking during the mature life stage in dogs and cats, with overweight or obese condition during growth persisting into adulthood in most affected animals. Veterinarian-led prevention strategies are recommended from growth onwards, including the use of growth standard charts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 106398"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A salmon lice prediction model","authors":"Leif Christian Stige,&nbsp;Lars Qviller,&nbsp;Hildegunn Viljugrein,&nbsp;Saraya Tavornpanich","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Salmon lice (<em>Lepeophtheirus salmonis</em>) are parasites on salmonid fish and a density-dependent constraint to the sustainable farming of salmonids in open net pens. To control the parasites, fish farmers in Norway are required to count the number of salmon lice in different developmental stages on a subset of the fish each week. Furthermore, they must ensure that the number of adult female lice per fish does not increase beyond a specified threshold level. Here we present a model that may assist farmers in the salmon lice management. The model can predict the numbers of salmon lice in different developmental stages in each cage in a farm one to two weeks ahead. Input variables are current-week lice counts, a lice infestation pressure index, sea temperature, mean weight of the fish and presence or absence of wrasses (family Labridae) as cleaner fish. Count data for three parasitic stage groups (adult females, other motiles and sessile) are analysed jointly in one statistical model. The model predicted a large part of the variance, e.g. 50 % of the farm-level variance in adult female lice two weeks ahead. At farm-level, but not at cage-level, the numbers of other motile and sessile lice were, however, similarly well predicted by assuming “next week is the same as this week”. The model also quantifies uncertainty and shows what range of outcomes is likely given the observations to that date. By using this model as decision support, fish farmers may more accurately assess the risk of exceeding lice limits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 106405"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing trends in ectoparasiticidal drugs used to control ticks and flies in farm animals: A four-year analysis reveal differences between epidemiological zones at country level in Uruguay","authors":"Ignacio Alcántara ,&nbsp;Gonzalo Suárez","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of ectoparasiticides is a major concern in the control of parasites. In this study, we examined the trends and patterns of veterinary medicines use comparing between a high-risk epidemiological zone (HRZ) and a low-risk epidemiological zone (LRZ) for ectoparasites over a four-year period (2017–2020) at country level data. The objective of this study was to analyze the patterns of ectoparasiticide use in Uruguayan cattle, using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System for Veterinary Drugs (ATCvet) and dose indicators to consider regional variations in the animal population and production intensity. A total of 222 registered products classified as acaricides and/or insecticides based on 21 different active ingredients were grouped into 8 ATCvet level 4 categories. The annual consumption of active ingredients in ectoparasiticides averaged 40.6 tons. The total volume in the HRZ was 693 % higher than in the LRZ. The most sold ATCvet groups were Amidines (55.9 %), Pyrethrins/Pyrethroids (20.7 %), and Organophosphate Compounds (7 %). We calculated four different indicators with the resulting median values for entire country: 89.3 Technical Units per 1000 kg (IQR range of 10.5), 0.15 mg/kg of dosing biomass, 45.7 mg/ha of dose grazing area, and 3.09e+ 10 mg/LU/ha, respectively. Amidines were the most used group in the HRZ across all indicators, while Carbamates and Pyrethrins/Pyrethroids dominated in the LRZ. Cypermethrin, Amitraz, and Ethion were predominant in the HRZ, while Cypermethrin, Carbaryl, and Diazinon were common in the LRZ. The analysis of the four mixed Generalized Linear Models revealed significant differences in the use of veterinary medicines between zones with varying levels of epidemiological risk for parasitic diseases, with certain categories showing consistent patterns between indicators and zones. These results highlight the complexity of a veterinary medicine usage and the need for specialized strategies in veterinary medicine to address regional differences in the use of parasitic agents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 106412"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142896949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bovine besnoitiosis: Assessment of the diagnostic accuracy of three different tests using a Bayesian latent class model approach and clinical characterization of the disease","authors":"Joana Jacinto ,&nbsp;Giulia Graziosi ,&nbsp;Roberta Galuppi ,&nbsp;Anastasia Poluzzi ,&nbsp;Tolulope Ogundipe ,&nbsp;Gianfranco Militerno ,&nbsp;Andrea Beltrame ,&nbsp;Arcangelo Gentile ,&nbsp;Filippo Maria Dini","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bovine besnoitiosis, a disease caused by the tissue cyst-forming apicomplexan <em>Besnoitia besnoiti</em>, is re-emerging in Europe, leading to significant impairment of health and production, as well as economic losses. The early detection of the disease is of the utmost importance for the implementation of effective control measures, yet this is a challenge due to the lack of specific early clinical signs. The objectives of our study were 1) to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of three tests to detect <em>B. besnoiti</em> in naturally exposed cattle (histopathology-skin (HIS-SK); PCR-skin (PCR-SK); and parallel PCR of nasal and scleroconjunctival swabs (PCR-NS-SC)) using a Bayesian latent class model (BLCM) and 2) to describe the clinical presentation of besnoitiosis in the studied animals. The study involved 54 adult Limousin cattle. Biosecurity measures were assessed and scored as medium. At clinical examination, a sire was diagnosed with a form of besnoitiosis between the end of the acute phase and the beginning of the chronic phase. Furthermore, 29 animals displaying a subclinical infection, characterized by the presence of scleroconjunctival cysts, were identified. The PCR-SK and PCR-NS-SC were able to detect <em>B. besnoitia</em>. The diagnostic performance of PCR-SK, PCR-NS-SC and HIS-SK was evaluated. The BLCM indicated that HIS-SK had the highest specificity (99.1 %, 95 % posterior probability interval PI: 96–100 %), while PCR-SK and PCR-NS-SC demonstrated higher sensitivities (91.0 %, 95 % PI: 68–100 %, and 85.0 %, 95 % PI: 67–100 %, respectively). The study concludes that the use of a parallel PCR-NS-SC could represent a viable alternative for the early detection of <em>B. besnoiti</em>, providing a less invasive method to monitor and control bovine besnoitiosis at the herd level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 106415"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142927953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}