{"title":"Synthetic biology in plants.","authors":"Takahiko Hayakawa, Hayato Suzuki, Hiroshi Yamamoto, Nobutaka Mitsuda","doi":"10.5511/plantbiotechnology.24.0630b","DOIUrl":"10.5511/plantbiotechnology.24.0630b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Synthetic biology, an interdisciplinary field at the intersection of engineering and biology, has garnered considerable attention for its potential applications in plant science. By exploiting engineering principles, synthetic biology enables the redesign and construction of biological systems to manipulate plant traits, metabolic pathways, and responses to environmental stressors. This review explores the evolution and current state of synthetic biology in plants, highlighting key achievements and emerging trends. Synthetic biology offers innovative solutions to longstanding challenges in agriculture and biotechnology for improvement of nutrition and photosynthetic efficiency, useful secondary metabolite production, engineering biosensors, and conferring stress tolerance. Recent advances, such as genome editing technologies, have facilitated precise manipulation of plant genomes, creating new possibilities for crop improvement and sustainable agriculture. Despite its transformative potential, ethical and biosafety considerations underscore the need for responsible deployment of synthetic biology tools in plant research and development. This review provides insights into the burgeoning field of plant synthetic biology, offering a glimpse into its future implications for food security, environmental sustainability, and human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":20411,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology","volume":"41 3","pages":"173-193"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921130/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multi-omics signatures of diverse plant callus cultures.","authors":"June-Sik Kim, Muneo Sato, Mikiko Kojima, Muchamad Imam Asrori, Yukiko Uehara-Yamaguchi, Yumiko Takebayashi, Thi Nhung Do, Thi Yen Do, Kieu Oanh Nguyen Thi, Hitoshi Sakakibara, Keiichi Mochida, Shijiro Ogita, Masami Yokota Hirai","doi":"10.5511/plantbiotechnology.24.0719a","DOIUrl":"10.5511/plantbiotechnology.24.0719a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Callus cultures are fundamental for plant propagation, genetic transformation, and emerging biotechnological applications that use cellular factories to produce high-value metabolites like plant-based drugs. These applications exploit the diverse metabolic capabilities of various plant species. However, optimizing culture conditions for specific applications necessitates a deep understanding of the transcriptome, metabolome, and phytohormone profiles of different species. Comprehensive comparative studies of callus characteristics across species are limited. Here, we analyzed the transcriptome, metabolome, and phytohormone profiles of callus cultures from tobacco (<i>Nicotiana tabacum</i>), rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>), and two bamboo species (<i>Phyllostachys nigra</i> and <i>P. bambusoides</i>). Multivariate analyses of metabolome data revealed similar metabolic trends in these diverse callus cultures and identified metabolites that differ between species. Hormone profiling showed distinct species-specific patterns and notable cytokinin diversity, even between the bamboo species. Moreover, a comparative analysis of 8,256 pairs of syntenic genes between rice and bamboo revealed that 84.7% of these orthologs showed differential expression, indicating significant transcriptomic diversity despite phylogenomic relatedness. Transcriptional regulation of developing organs often involves conserved gene expression patterns across species; however, our findings suggest that callus formation may relax evolutionary constraints on these regulatory programs. These results illustrate the molecular diversity in callus cultures from multiple plant species, emphasizing the need to map this variability comprehensively to fully exploit the biotechnological potential of plant callus cultures.</p>","PeriodicalId":20411,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology","volume":"41 3","pages":"309-314"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921129/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tracer experiment revealed that (<i>E</i>)-3″-hydroxygeranylhydroquinone is not an intermediate of the shikonin/alkannin and shikonofuran biosynthetic pathways in <i>Lithospermum erythrorhizon</i>.","authors":"Misaki Manabe, Bunta Watanabe, Haruka Oshikiri, Kojiro Takanashi","doi":"10.5511/plantbiotechnology.24.0303a","DOIUrl":"10.5511/plantbiotechnology.24.0303a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Lithospermum erythrorhizon</i> (Boraginaceae) produces shikonin/alkannin, an enantiomeric pair of red naphthoquinone pigments with diverse biological activities. For the industrial production of shikonin/alkannin derivatives, a cell suspension culture system of <i>L. erythrorhizon</i> has been established. To produce shikonin/alkannin derivatives more efficiently in cultured cells, it is essential to understand the shikonin/alkannin biosynthetic pathway, which has not been fully elucidated. A previous study suggested that a conversion of (<i>Z</i>)- to (<i>E</i>)-3″-hydroxygeranylhydroquinone (3″-OH-GHQ) is a branching point of the shikonin/alkannin biosynthetic pathway and the shikonofuran biosynthetic pathway in <i>L. erythrorhizon</i> cell cultures. However, it is not clear whether (<i>E</i>)-3″-OH-GHQ is an intermediate of both pathways. This study performed a feeding assay with three deuterium-labeled compounds including (<i>E</i>)-3″-OH-GHQ and its (<i>Z</i>)-isomer, and showed that (<i>E</i>)-3″-OH-GHQ was not involved in the shikonin/alkannin and shikonofuran biosynthetic pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":20411,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology","volume":"41 3","pages":"315-317"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Distribution, biosynthesis, and synthetic biology of phenylethanoid glycosides in the order Lamiales.","authors":"Yushiro Fuji, Hiroshi Matsufuji, Masami Yokota Hirai","doi":"10.5511/plantbiotechnology.24.0720a","DOIUrl":"10.5511/plantbiotechnology.24.0720a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs), with a C<sub>6</sub>-C<sub>2</sub> glucoside unit as the basic skeleton, are specialized (secondary) metabolites found in several medicinal plants. As PhGs exhibit various pharmacological activities, they are expected to be used as lead compounds in drug discovery. However, mass-production systems have not yet been established even for acteoside, a typical PhG that is widely distributed in nature (more than 150 species). This review focuses on recent studies on the accumulation and distribution of PhGs in plants, biosynthetic pathways of PhGs, and the bioproduction of PhGs.</p>","PeriodicalId":20411,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology","volume":"41 3","pages":"231-241"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant BiotechnologyPub Date : 2024-09-25DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.24.0601a
Ko Tahara, Carsten Milkowski, Chihiro Oda-Yamamizo
{"title":"Elucidation and reconstitution of hydrolyzable tannin biosynthesis.","authors":"Ko Tahara, Carsten Milkowski, Chihiro Oda-Yamamizo","doi":"10.5511/plantbiotechnology.24.0601a","DOIUrl":"10.5511/plantbiotechnology.24.0601a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydrolyzable tannins (HTs) are a class of polyphenols produced mostly in core eudicot plants. They accumulate in various plant tissues and are considered to function as defense compounds that protect against herbivory, infections, and toxic metals (specifically aluminum ions). Moreover, HTs have industrial and pharmaceutical uses that benefit humans. Elucidating and reconstituting the biosynthesis of HTs is necessary for genetically engineering in planta functions and for efficiently producing HTs for human use. The biosynthesis of HTs is initiated by the formation of gallic acid from the shikimate pathway intermediate 3-dehydroshikimic acid, which is catalyzed by bifunctional dehydroquinate dehydratase/shikimate dehydrogenases (DQD/SDHs). In the second step, UDP glycosyltransferases (UGTs) esterify gallic acid with glucose to form β-glucogallin (1-<i>O</i>-galloyl-β-D-glucose). β-glucogallin is then converted to 1,2,3,4,6-penta-<i>O</i>-galloyl-β-D-glucose through a series of galloylation steps that are catalyzed by galloyltransferases, using β-glucogallin as a galloyl donor. Laccases subsequently catalyze the oxidative coupling between adjacent galloyl groups to form hexahydroxydiphenoyl (HHDP) groups, which are characteristic components of ellagitannins. Furthermore, monomeric ellagitannins can undergo oligomerization via intermolecular oxidative coupling, which is also catalyzed by laccases. To reconstitute the HT biosynthetic pathway in HT-non-accumulating plants, <i>DQD</i>/<i>SDH</i>s and <i>UGT</i>s from <i>Eucalyptus camaldulensis</i> were heterologously co-expressed in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> leaves, which resulted in the production of gallic acid and β-glucogallin. In future studies, this transgenic system will be used to identify genes encoding galloyltransferases and laccases to further elucidate and reconstitute the HT biosynthetic pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":20411,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology","volume":"41 3","pages":"203-212"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921145/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant BiotechnologyPub Date : 2024-09-25DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.24.0312b
Yasuyuki Yamada, Miya Urui, Nobukazu Shitan
{"title":"Integration of co-culture and transport engineering for enhanced metabolite production.","authors":"Yasuyuki Yamada, Miya Urui, Nobukazu Shitan","doi":"10.5511/plantbiotechnology.24.0312b","DOIUrl":"10.5511/plantbiotechnology.24.0312b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microbial production of valuable plant metabolites is feasible. However, constructing all pathways in a single cell is a formidable challenge, and the extended biosynthetic pathways within cells often result in reduced productivity. To address these challenges, a co-culture system that divides biosynthetic pathways into several host cells and co-cultures has been developed. Various combinations of host cells, along with the optimal conditions for each co-culture, have been documented, leading to the successful production of valuable metabolites. In addition, efficient biosynthesis frequently involves metabolite movement, encompassing substrate uptake, intracellular intermediate transport, and end-product efflux. Recent advances in plant transporters of specialized metabolites have enhanced productivity by harnessing these transporters. This review summarizes the latest findings on co-culture systems and transport engineering and provides insights into the future of valuable metabolite production through the integration of co-culture and transport engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":20411,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology","volume":"41 3","pages":"195-202"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921134/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant BiotechnologyPub Date : 2024-09-25DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.24.0312c
Keita Tamura, Hirokazu Chiba, Hidemasa Bono
{"title":"Triterpene RDF: Developing a database of plant enzymes and transcription factors involved in triterpene biosynthesis using the Resource Description Framework.","authors":"Keita Tamura, Hirokazu Chiba, Hidemasa Bono","doi":"10.5511/plantbiotechnology.24.0312c","DOIUrl":"10.5511/plantbiotechnology.24.0312c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plants produce structurally diverse triterpenes (triterpenoids and steroids). Their biosynthesis occurs from a common precursor, namely 2,3-oxidosqualene, followed by cyclization catalyzed by oxidosqualene cyclases (OSCs) to yield various triterpene skeletons. Steroids, which are biosynthesized from cycloartenol or lanosterol, are essential primary metabolites in most plant species, along with lineage-specific steroids, such as steroidal glycoalkaloids found in the <i>Solanum</i> species. Other diverse triterpene skeletons are converted into triterpenoids, often classified as specialized compounds that are biosynthesized only in a limited number of plant species with tissue- or cell-type-specific accumulation in plants. Recent studies have identified various tailoring enzymes involved in the structural diversification of triterpenes as well as transcription factors that regulate the expression of these enzymes. However, the coverage of these proteins is scarce in publicly available databases for curated proteins or enzymes, which complicates the functional annotation of newly assembled genomes or transcriptome sequences. Here, we created the Triterpene RDF, a manually curated database of enzymes and transcription factors involved in plant triterpene biosynthesis. The database (https://github.com/ktamura2021/triterpene_rdf/) contains 532 proteins, with links to the UniProt Knowledgebase or NCBI protein database, and it enables direct download of a set of protein sequences filtered by protein type or taxonomy. Triterpene RDF will enhance the functional annotation of enzymes and regulatory elements for triterpene biosynthesis, in a current expansion of availability of genomic information on various plant species.</p>","PeriodicalId":20411,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology","volume":"41 3","pages":"303-308"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Disruption of <i>CYP88B1</i> by transcription activator-like effector nuclease in potato and potential use to produce useful saponins.","authors":"Shuhei Yasumoto, Hyoung Jae Lee, Ryota Akiyama, Satoru Sawai, Masaharu Mizutani, Naoyuki Umemoto, Kazuki Saito, Toshiya Muranaka","doi":"10.5511/plantbiotechnology.24.0614a","DOIUrl":"10.5511/plantbiotechnology.24.0614a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Potatoes produce steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs), toxic secondary metabolites associated with food poisoning. SGAs are synthesized by multiple biosynthetic enzymes. Knockdown of the <i>CYP88B1</i> gene, also known as <i>PGA3</i> or <i>GAME4</i>, is predicted to reduce toxic SGAs and accumulate steroidal saponins. These saponins not only serve as a source of steroidal drugs but are also anticipated to confer disease resistance to potatoes. In this study, we employed transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) for genome editing to disrupt <i>CYP88B1</i>. We introduced the TALEN expression vector via <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation into seven potato lines. In six of these lines, disruption of the <i>CYP88B1</i> gene was confirmed. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that SGAs were reduced to undetectable levels, corroborating the accumulation of steroidal saponins observed in previous knockdown studies. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of generating low-toxicity potato lines through <i>CYP88B1</i> gene disruption using genome editing techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":20411,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology","volume":"41 3","pages":"289-293"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant BiotechnologyPub Date : 2024-09-25DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.24.0630a
Kouki Yoshida, Shingo Sakamoto, Nobutaka Mitsuda
{"title":"Synthetic-biology approach for plant lignocellulose engineering.","authors":"Kouki Yoshida, Shingo Sakamoto, Nobutaka Mitsuda","doi":"10.5511/plantbiotechnology.24.0630a","DOIUrl":"10.5511/plantbiotechnology.24.0630a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant biomass is an abundant, renewable resource that offers multiple advantages for the production of green chemicals and recombinant proteins. However, the adoption of plant-based systems by industry is hindered because mammalian and other cell cultures are well-established and better characterized in an industrial setting, and thus it is difficult for plant-based processes to gain a foothold in the marketplace. Therefore, additional benefits of plant-based systems may be essential to tip the balance in favor of sustainable plant-derived products. A crucial factor in biomass valorization is to design mid- to high-value co-products that can be derived cost-effectively from the residual lignocellulose (LC). However, the utility of LC remains limited because LCs are, in general, too recalcitrant for industries to utilize their components (lignin, cellulose, and hemicelluloses). To overcome this issue, in planta engineering to reduce LC recalcitrance has been ongoing in recent decades, with essential input from synthetic biology owing to the complexity of LC pathways and the massive number of genes involved. In this review, we describe recent advances in LC manipulation and eight strategies for redesigning the pathways for lignin and structural glycans to reduce LC recalcitrance while mitigating against the growth penalty associated with yield loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":20411,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology","volume":"41 3","pages":"213-230"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Heterologous production of corosolic acid, a phyto-insulin, in agroinfiltrated <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> leaves.","authors":"Jutapat Romsuk, Pisanee Srisawat, Jekson Robertlee, Shuhei Yasumoto, Kenji Miura, Toshiya Muranaka, Hikaru Seki","doi":"10.5511/plantbiotechnology.24.0420a","DOIUrl":"10.5511/plantbiotechnology.24.0420a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Triterpenoids, a group of specialized plant metabolites with substantial structural diversity, are promising for healthcare applications. Ursolic acid, a pentacyclic triterpenoid with therapeutic potential, is also important as a precursor of corosolic acid, which is known as a \"phyto-insulin\" for its insulin-like properties. Ursolic acid is synthesized from a linear 30-carbon precursor 2,3-oxidosqualene via cyclization to produce triterpene scaffold α-amyrin, followed by a series of oxidation steps at the C-28 position mediated by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) in the CYP716A subfamily. The Tsukuba system was developed for the high-level transient expression of foreign proteins in plant cells based on the use of a binary vector equipped with geminiviral replication system and a double terminator. In this study, we used the Tsukuba system to produce ursolic acid in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> leaves via transient pathway reconstruction. We used an oxidosqualene cyclase identified from the medicinal legume <i>Bauhinia forficata</i>, exhibiting a preponderant α-amyrin-producing activity. Wild-type <i>Medicago truncatula</i> CYP716A12 and its mutants were assessed in terms of ursolic acid production. We improved the performance of MtCYP716A12 by co-expressing it with the appropriate cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) isozyme as an electron-transfer partner and tested different <i>Agrobacterium</i> infiltration ratios to optimize the CPR : CYP ratio to maximize ursolic acid production. We also achieved high yield of corosolic acid by co-expressing <i>Avicennia marina</i> CYP716C53 with ursolic acid biosynthetic enzymes. Moreover, engineering of AmCYP716C53 significantly improved corosolic acid yield, resulting in a yield exceeding the content found in banaba leaves, a well-known rich source of corosolic acid.</p>","PeriodicalId":20411,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology","volume":"41 3","pages":"277-288"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921146/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}