Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Eco-friendly synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using <i>Myrtus communis L</i>. leaf extract: characterization, antimicrobial activity, and <b><i>in vivo</i></b> toxicity evaluation.","authors":"Parwin J Jalil, Bushra H Shnawa, Renjbar M Mhammedsharif, Khanzad W Wsu, Mukhtar H Ahmed","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2026.2726329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2026.2726329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to synthesize CuO-NPs using Myrtus communis leaf extract via a green synthesis approach and to evaluate their antimicrobial and <i>in vivo</i> toxicity effects. CuO-NPs were synthesized using Myrtus communis leaves as a reducing and stabilizing agent and characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDX. Antibacterial and antifungal activities were evaluated against selected pathogenic microorganisms, and in vivo toxicity was assessed in BALB/c mice via histopathological examination. Characterization confirmed the formation of crystalline CuO-NPs with nanoscale dimensions. The nanoparticles demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, and <i>Escherichia coli</i> being the most susceptible species (MICs: 3.125 µg/100 µL, 12.5 µg/100 µL, and 12.5 µg/100 µL, respectively). Antifungal activity was evidenced by reduced colony growth and morphological alterations in fungal species. In Penicillium sp., colony diameter decreased from 77.1 mm in controls to 28.5 mm following treatment. Similar effects were observed in <i>Aspergillus niger</i> and <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>. Lower doses of CuO-NPs were well tolerated, whereas higher doses caused histopathological changes in the kidney and intestine. Green-synthesized CuO-NPs from Myrtus communis exhibited potent antibacterial and antifungal activities, with acceptable biocompatibility at lower concentrations, highlighting their potential for biomedical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148913165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical composition and antioxidant potential of <i>Quercus myrsinaefolia</i> Blume leaf fractions: a combined HPLC and GC-MS approach.","authors":"Phung Thi Tuyen, Pham Thi Thu Ha, Nguyen Hong Tien, Nguyen Van Quan, Tran Dang Xuan, Nguyen Thanh Liem, Robert J Henry","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2026.2720073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2026.2720073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant-derived phenolic compounds are increasingly recognized for their antioxidant properties and biological activities. However, the relationship between phytochemical composition and antioxidant potential in <i>Quercus myrsinaefolia</i> Blume remains insufficiently understood. In this study, leaf materials were extracted with 80% ethanol and subsequently fractioned into n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions. Phytochemical profiles were characterized by HPLC and GC-MS analyses, while antioxidant activities were evaluated using DPPH, ABTS, and reducing power assays. Pearson correlation analysis was further performed to investigate the relationships between phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activities. Among all fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity, corresponding to its highest total phenolic (278 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoid contents (75.1 mg QE/g extract). HPLC analysis revealed that this fraction was enriched in bioactive phenolic acids and flavonoids, including chlorogenic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, myricetin, and kaempferol, whereas the ethanol extract contained a broader but less concentrated phytochemical profile. GC-MS analysis identified diverse metabolites, including phenolics, fatty acid derivatives, and terpenoids, suggesting possible synergistic contributions to antioxidant activity. Pearson correlation analysis further demonstrated that total phenolic and flavonoid contents were strongly associated with antioxidant capacity, whereas condensed tannin content showed comparatively weaker relationships. Overall, these findings demonstrate that antioxidant activity in <i>Q. myrsinaefolia</i> is primarily governed by phenolic composition rather than extraction yield, highlighting the ethyl acetate fraction as a promising natural source of antioxidant phytochemicals for functional food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148913198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced stability and controlled release of mandarin peel bioactives formulation for sustainable nutrition and next generation food system.","authors":"Ankit Kumar, Chaman Kumar, Pavuluri Srinivasa Rao, Pawan Prabhakar, Rahul Kumar Rout","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2026.2720077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2026.2720077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explored the microencapsulation of mandarin (Citrus reticulata) peel extract using ionic gelation and freeze-drying to improve the stability and bioavailability of citrus bioactives. Encapsulation involved sodium alginate, maltodextrin (MD), gum arabic (GA), and Aloe vera gel powder (0.3%), with a 20:80 core-to-wall ratio. Different formulations with varying MD and GA concentrations (total 2%) were tested for their effects on encapsulation efficiency, physicochemical properties, release behavior, and storage stability. Ionic gelation produced calcium-alginate beads with good biocompatibility but lower encapsulation efficiency; IG4 (1.5% MD, 0.5% GA) showed the best results in this group. Freeze-drying with ultrasonic homogenization significantly improved encapsulation efficiency, polyphenol retention, and antioxidant activity, with FD4 showing preferred formulation. Release studies revealed a biphasic, pH-dependent release profile, and MD-GA blends enabled controlled release, especially in FD4. Simulated gastrointestinal conditions showed higher release in the gastric phase, while FD4 and FD5 provided better protection and bioavailability. Storage stability followed first-order kinetics, with FD4 exhibiting the highest stability and longest shelf life. Overall, freeze-drying was more effective, thereby supporting the valorization of citrus waste to develop functional, antioxidant-rich food ingredients.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148875934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-quorum sensing potential of nonspecific lipid transfer protein/bi-functional trypsin alpha-amylase inhibitor isolated from <i>Eleusine coracana</i> (L.) Gaertn.","authors":"Sai SundarRajan Raghavan, Praveen Jayakumar, Gurpreet Singh, Pratheep Chinnappan, Chandrasekaran Prabaharan, Abinaya Kanagaraja, Meenakumari Sakthivelu, Subash C B Gopinath, Thirumananseri Kumarevel, Raman Pachaiappan","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2026.2720089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2026.2720089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Small plant defense proteins known as nonspecific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) possess diverse biological activities and promising therapeutic potential. <i>Eleusine coracana</i> (finger millet) is a nutrient-rich cereal crop recognized for its diverse bioactive compounds and potential health promoting properties. In this study, the proteins were extracted, dialyzed and four fractions were obtained by RP-HPLC. Further, the LC-MS/MS based peptide mass fingerprinting identified a bioactive nsLTP in the fraction 1. The pure nsLTP showed strong anti-quorum sensing activity against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and dual inhibitory activity against α-amylase and trypsin. At the minimum inhibitory concentration, the nsLTP reduced biofilm formation by 77 %, along with significant inhibition of exopolysaccharide, protease, elastase, and pyocyanin production. Confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed biofilm disruption, while <i>RT-qPCR</i> analysis revealed the downregulation of quorum-sensing associated genes. Molecular docking further suggested favorable interactions of nsLTP with the quorum-sensing autoinducer 3-oxo-C12-HSL and the LasI, LasR, and LasA proteins, supporting its potential anti-quorum sensing mechanism. These results demonstrate the novelty of <i>E. coracana</i> derived nsLTP as a multifunctional bioactive protein with enzyme inhibitory and anti-virulence characteristics, indicating as a natural therapeutic candidate for managing <i>P. aeruginosa</i> infections and battling antibiotic resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148881377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Programmable biodegradation: Lipase-driven microplastic degradation via AI and omics.","authors":"Debashrita Majumder, Anushree Dutta, Dibyajit Lahiri, Moupriya Nag","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2026.2720085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2026.2720085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microplastic pollution is a pervasive global challenge, with millions of tons of plastic entering terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems each year and persisting across diverse environmental compartments. Conventional physical and chemical remediation strategies remain energy-intensive and inefficient, highlighting the need for scalable biological alternatives. Here, we synthesize recent advances in lipase-mediated degradation of ester-bond-containing plastics and propose a unifying framework for programmable biodegradation, in which enzyme activity, substrate accessibility, and downstream metabolism are systematically coordinated. Lipases (EC 3.1.1.3) can hydrolyze synthetic polyesters, including polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyurethane (PU), polylactide (PLA), and polycaprolactone (PCL), but their performance is constrained by polymer crystallinity, limited environmental stability, and restricted substrate specificity. Integrating insights from multi-omics discovery, artificial intelligence-guided enzyme engineering, and systems-level design reveals emerging strategies to enhance catalytic efficiency and environmental robustness. Although engineered enzyme systems can achieve high depolymerization and monomer recovery under controlled conditions, translation to real environments remains limited by diffusion constraints, enzyme inactivation, and regulatory considerations. Reframing plastic degradation as a multi-scale, designable system rather than a single-enzyme process highlights opportunities for coupling protein engineering with controlled deployment, including biofilm-based localization and metabolic pathway integration, to enable more effective and environmentally relevant microplastic remediation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148819327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial enzymes: comprehensive insights into production, optimization, and current and emerging pharmaceutical applications.","authors":"Eman W ELgammal, Wesam M Hussein, Rawabi Zahed, Hassan M Awad","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2026.2716080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2026.2716080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Throughout the history of therapeutic science enzymes play a crucial role in traditional and modern therapeutic practices, with microbial enzymes being a sustainable and efficient biocatalytic resource for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. This review provides a comprehensive examination of microbial enzymes, covering their structural and biochemical properties, production optimization, purification methods, kinetic behavior, and their applications in pharmaceutical and therapeutic fields. We systematically surveyed the peer-reviewed literature to synthesize current knowledge on microbial enzyme sources, strain development strategies, fermentation optimization, downstream purification, kinetic characterization, and pharmaceutical applications. Microbial enzymes dominate the global enzyme market due to their selectivity, efficiency, scalability, and cost-effectiveness. Advances in molecular biology and genetic engineering have led to the development of enzymes with enhanced stability and activity. Immobilization and nanotechnology have further improved enzyme stability, reduced degradation, and lowered production costs, expanding their pharmaceutical and therapeutic potential. Microbial enzymes are versatile biocatalysts with significant pharmaceutical value, and ongoing research into novel enzyme candidates and advanced biotechnological approaches is crucial for enhancing enzyme-based therapies. We contend that microbial enzymes will remain central to future drug development, offering sustainable, biocompatible, and highly specific solutions to unmet medical needs across oncology, metabolic disorders, inflammation, and infectious disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148797377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid chemical-biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles with antibacterial efficacy using <i>Salicornia</i> and <i>Sarcocornia</i> hydroethanolic extracts.","authors":"Nesrine Harboub, Mariana Neves Amaral, Hedi Mighri, Rui Miguel Maria, Rita Elias, João Perdigão, Daniela Nunes, Elvira Fortunato, Rodrigo Martins, Luísa Custódio, Catarina Pinto Reis, Ahmed Akrout, Raoudha Abdellaoui","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2026.2716087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2026.2716087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the use of a hybrid approach combining various ratios of sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) with hydroethanolic extracts of <i>Salicornia emerici</i>, <i>Sarcocornia fruticosa</i>, and <i>Sarcocornia alpini</i> as reducing agents for AgNPs synthesis. The resulting nanoparticles were confirmed by the presence of a characteristic absorption peak around 400 nm using UV-visible spectroscopy, observed for <i>Sarcocornia</i>-mediated AgNPs at a 1:5 (<i>v/v</i>) extract-to-NaBH₄ ratio and at a 1:2 (<i>v/v</i>) ratio for AgNPs synthesized from <i>S. emerici</i> (SE-AgNPs). Furthermore, their size, dispersity and morphology were characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The nanoparticles displayed variable sizes with broad polydispersity, reflecting heterogeneous nucleation associated with plant-derived metabolites, and predominantly exhibited a cubic shape. Their antibacterial activity against different bacterial strains was evaluated using the broth microdilution method. All formulations inhibited bacterial growth, showing size-independent efficacy. The inhibition of multidrug-resistant bacteria <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> was particularly noteworthy, with the strongest efficacy observed in SE-AgNPs at a concentration of 21.9 µg/mL. Taken together, the findings suggest that hybrid synthesis can generate bioactive AgNPs while partially reducing dependence on strong chemical reductants. Future work should focus on improving nanoparticle size control, cytotoxicity assessment, and elucidating the mechanistic pathways underlying their bioactivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148797381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated <i>in silico</i> structural design & upstream expression optimization of an A7G mutant rh-G-CSF.","authors":"Sujani Thota, Gopichand Bitra, Venkateswarulu T C","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2026.2720083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2026.2720083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study focused on the rational design of recombinant human G-CSF (rhG-CSF) by structure-based single-site modification and process optimization. The research was conducted in two main stages. In the first stage, a new A7G point mutation was introduced to the 3D structure of rhG-CSF by means of computational design. The mutant model, following energy minimization, displayed satisfactory stereochemistry (Molprobity clashscore 2.32) and maintained the native fold, suggesting that the mutation is structurally compatible. The second phase involved optimization of a high-yield expression system with the use of recombinant vector pET3a in <i>E. coli</i> BL21(DE3). Optimization of culture conditions showed that 4XYT medium with 0.5 mM IPTG and a 17-hour induction time resulted in the highest level of expression of the mutant protein. Such conditions led to a very high biomass yield of 96 grams of cells. The novelty of the present research work lies in the incorporation of the structure-guided single residue modification and process optimization in one step, resulting in structurally validated A7G rhG-CSF and process optimization to 5 L scale in complex medium.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148797334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracting bioactive compounds from fruit peel waste: Techniques for extraction, purification, characterization, and applications.","authors":"Sumel Ashique, Ashish Garg, Md Sadique Hussain, Sabina Yasmin, Monika Kaushik, Tuhin Mukherjee, Satyajit Mohanty, Anas Islam, Aamir Hussain Dar, Md Yousuf Ansari","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2026.2710763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2026.2710763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Global fruit production reached 953.8 million tonnes in 2024, generating peel residues of 15%-50% of fruit weight that are largely discarded despite containing polyphenols, carotenoids, dietary fiber, and enzymes of commercial value. Existing reviews address this in fragments, covering extraction, green solvents, or food applications alone, but none traces the full pipeline from raw peel to finished product. This review provides an integrated, critically evaluated assessment of the entire valorization chain: extraction, purification, characterization, biological evaluation, and application. Rather than cataloguing methods, we compare them against yield, solvent use, energy demand, environmental impact, and scalability. Ultrasound- and microwave-assisted extraction cut processing time by 70%-95% and solvent use by 50%-90%, while supercritical CO₂ extraction offers selectivity for non-polar compounds at high cost. Purification is the least standardized step, with resin adsorption and membrane separation most scalable. Characterization suffers from inconsistent validation, with detection limits, recovery, and matrix effects often unreported. Peel bioactives act through defined pathways (NF-κB, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, apoptosis, Nrf2, AMPK/GLUT4), yet efficacy is often shown at concentrations exceeding achievable plasma levels, making bioavailability the principal translational barrier. This review will be valuable to researchers in food science, analytical chemistry, and pharmaceutical sciences by integrating these traditionally different stages and identifying the key challenges that limit industrial and clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-36"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148761629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial dextran production: biosynthetic mechanism, fermentation strategies, and downstream processing.","authors":"Sameeha Syed Abdul Rahman, Ratheeshkumar Shanmugam, Saroja Pasupathi, Maheswari Venkatesan, Karthikeyan Asaithambi, Ponnusami Venkatachalam, Mahalakshmi Mathivanan, Sugumaran Karuppiah","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2026.2706601","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10826068.2026.2706601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dextran is a microbial homopolymer of α-glucan, consisting of α-(1,6) glycosidic linkage backbone with side chains branching via α-(1,2), α-(1,3), or α-(1,4) linkages. Due to its distinctive characteristics, including molecular mass, compatibility, and thermal stability, it is widely applied in various fields, such as food, pharmaceutical, biomedical, and environmental applications. Although previous reports have illustrated the application of microbial sources and the essential factors influencing fermentation and enzymatic pathways, a sustainable strategy for bioprocess engineering to produce microbial dextran has not been elaborated upon. This review provides a systematic and comprehensive overview of microbial dextran production, aiming to enable green bioprocess engineering strategies that enhance production for industrial applicability, promoting a sustainable approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148713657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}