Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Fucoxanthin from the crude extract of <i>Turbinaria conoides</i> and its antioxidant, antibacterial, and toxicological effects.","authors":"Jeyalakshmi Balu, Sibiya Ashokkumar, Vaseeharan Baskaralingam","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2026.2748978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2026.2748978","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this work, fucoxanthin (<i>Tc</i>-fuco) was isolated from the crude extract of <i>T. conoides</i> (<i>Tc</i>-cru), and evaluated its antioxidant, antibacterial, and toxicity studies for biomedical applications. Characterized using TLC, UV-Vis, FTIR, HPLC, LCMS and NMR analyses confirmed the pigment nature and functional groups, with a yield of 0.2068 mg/g FW. The <i>Tc</i>-cru performed less antibacterial activity than the isolated <i>Tc</i>-fuco; inhibition zones (mm) for <i>Tc</i>-cru were 6 (<i>P. aeruginosa</i>), 6.2 (<i>S. aureus</i>), 5 (<i>E. faecalis</i>), 5.5 (<i>E. coli</i>), whereas <i>Tc</i>-fuco produced larger zones (mm) of 9 (<i>P. aeruginosa</i>), 7.5 (<i>S. aureus</i>), 8 (<i>E. faecalis</i>), and 8.5 (<i>E. coli</i>), respectively. In DPPH, and H₂O₂ assays, <i>Tc</i>-fuco demonstrated potent antioxidant effects with IC₅₀ values of 44.61 and 43.03 µg/mL, respectively. This outperformed the crude extract (<i>Tc</i>-cru), which exhibited IC₅₀ values of 60.36 and 75.18 µg/mL, respectively. Light and confocal microscopy images displayed a dose dependent reduction in biofilm formation relative to control groups. Furthermore, the toxicity of <i>Tc</i>-cru and <i>Tc</i>-fuco in <i>A. salina</i> was assessed following 24 hours exposure. Biochemical responses evaluated at 48 hours, confirmed the nontoxicity and sustainable development of tested doses. These findings suggest that the isolated fucoxanthin might be utilized in production of new antibacterial drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149228476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From agro-waste to high-value bioproducts: an optimization example of solid-state fermentation with <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>.","authors":"Zulfiye Velioglu Tosuner, Şevval Kurudayioglu, Zehra Aydinlioglu, Raziye Ozturk Urek","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2026.2749453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2026.2749453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Agro-industrial-residues, such as potato peel waste (PPW), constitute a substantial portion of the waste stream and offer significant opportunities for valorization within circular bioeconomy frameworks. In this study, a laboratory-scale solid-state fermentation (SSF) process for biosurfactant production using fresh or dried PPW as renewable substrates was optimized with <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> BY4742. A Box-Behnken design was implemented to optimize peel amount, initial pH, and incubation time, targeting enhanced surface tension reduction. Under optimized conditions (10 g fresh PPW, pH 5.25, 5^th day), the biosurfactant reduced surface tension to 30.12 ± 0.32 mN/m and demonstrated a high emulsification index (51.35 ± 0.49%), low critical micelle concentration (1.1 ± 0.09 mg/mL), strong oil spreading activity (6.3 ± 0.05 cm), and positive drop collapse results. Partial structural characterization by FTIR,¹H-NMR and TGA/DTG was consistent with a heterogeneous surface-active biopolymeric fraction, supporting its robust functional properties. The obtained biosurfactant maintained remarkable stability across wide ranges of pH, temperature, and salinity, while achieving an oil removal efficiency of 91.37 ± 0.89%, indicating its strong potential for bioremediation applications. Notably, the SSF platform enabled the simultaneous production of a surface-active fraction and extracellular amylase activity, highlighting the potential of PPW-based SSF as a resource-efficient approach for producing value-added bioproducts.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149228565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of purification process of pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide based on membrane chromatography.","authors":"Wei Li, Kaike Li, Yue Zhu, Shunkai Zhang, Kang Li, Shuai Wang, Ying Xu, Xiaoyue Huo, Yi Zhang, Haifei Zhou, Shuquan Luo, Keming Ren","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2026.2739400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2026.2739400","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated Natrix^® Q anion membrane chromatography for the purification of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 5 capsular polysaccharide (CPS) as an alternative to conventional organic solvent-based purification and bead-based ion-exchange chromatography. The purification process was optimized and characterized using a Design of Experiments (DoE) approach to establish a robust operating space for key process parameters. Under the optimized conditions, residual DNA was reduced to below 2%, while CPS recovery remained above 80%. The membrane process achieved a loading capacity of 45-60 mg CPS/mL membrane, approximately 4-6-fold higher than that of conventional anion-exchange resins (<10mg/mL), and operated at a residence time of approximately 6s, substantially shorter than the approximately 5 min typically required for bead-based ion-exchange chromatography. The CPS recovery was also higher than the previously reported range of 50%-73%. Scale-up studies further demonstrated that the optimized process could be successfully transferred to scale production. Product quality was evaluated by double immunodiffusion, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) spectroscopy, and relevant biochemical and physicochemical assays. The CPS purified by membrane chromatography met the predefined quality requirements. These results demonstrate that Natrix^® Q anion membrane chromatography provides an efficient, high-throughput, and scalable approach for the purification of serotype 5 pneumococcal CPS and has potential for application in large-scale pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine manufacturing.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149184112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Volatile organic compounds from microalgae: sources, chemical diversity, biosynthesis, and bioactive potential.","authors":"Anupam Kundu, Animesh Sen, Rajarshi Bhattacharya, Damiano Spagnuolo, Sindhu Sree B, Sikha Mandal, Somasish Ghosh Dastidar, Jnanendra Rath, Soumya Pandit, Har Mohan Singh, Srijoni Banerjee, Harjot Singh Gill","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2026.2741198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2026.2741198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microalgae are prolific producers of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that play important roles in atmospheric chemistry, aquatic ecosystem dynamics, and water quality, particularly through the generation of off-flavours and odors. Despite their ecological relevance and growing biotechnological interest, microalgal VOCs remain comparatively underexplored. These low-molecular-weight metabolites encompass a broad range of chemical classes, including terpenoids, sulfur-containing compounds, benzenes, furans, alkanes, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, and esters. Knowledge of their chemical diversity, biosynthetic pathways, allelopathic effects, and other ecological functions is still not fully reviewed. This review synthesizes current understanding of microalgal VOCs, emphasizing how morphology, physiology, ecological niche, and genetic variability influence VOCs production. Commonly reported VOCs such as geosmin, methylisoborneol, β-cyclocitral, and 2-pentylfuran are discussed with respect to their occurrence, chemistry, ecological roles, regulation by biotic and abiotic factors, and impacts. Despite their diverse ecological and biochemical roles, limited elucidation of their biosynthetic mechanisms also highlighted. Microalgal VOCs exhibit diverse bioactivities, including antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal, antioxidant, antiviral, and antiprotozoal properties, underscoring their potential for biotechnological and industrial applications. Advances in analytical approaches, particularly gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and electronic nose technologies, have significantly improved VOCs detection and profiling. This review identifies critical knowledge gaps and underscores the need for integrative studies to unravel the diversity, chemical structures, biosynthetic pathways, and ecological significance of microalgal VOCs, thereby enabling theirsustainable exploitation and facilitating their industrial applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149137953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zika virus-like particles' production lab protocol in chemically defined medium using quality by design.","authors":"Vinícius Aragão Tejo Dias, Thaissa Consoni Bernardino, Ana Luiza Moraes Octaviano, Jaci Leme, Fernanda Angela Correia Barrence, Noemi Nosomi Taniwaki, Soraia Attie Calil Jorge, Renato Mancini Astray, Eutimio Gustavo Fernández Núñez","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2026.2739398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2026.2739398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zika virus remains a global health emergency without approved vaccines or drugs. Virus-like particles (VLP) provide a safe vaccine-development platform, but optimizing the baculovirus/insect-cell expression system to obtain these nanostructures is difficult because multiple critical parameters interact. This study used statistical experimental designs with low control requirements and operating costs to optimize multiplicity of infection (MOI), time of infection (TOI), and time of harvest (TOH) for Zika VLP production. VLP were immunochemically characterized. Dot-blot chemiluminescence provided volumetric total signal intensity as a measure of relative protein expression, while negative-stain transmission electron microscopy and immunolabeling determined morphology, mean particle size, and heterogeneity through the unbiased standard error of mean particle size. Mathematical models related MOI, TOI, TOH, and their interactions to recombinant-protein quality and relative quantity. A desirability-function optimization identified MOI 0.2 pfu cell^-1, TOI 46 h, and TOH 48 h as optimal. These conditions predicted VLP with a mean diameter of 58.52 nm, a standard error of 3.52 nm, and signal intensity equal to 64.57% of the study maximum. Thus, subsequent process-development stages involving equipment-dependent parameters relevant to commercial scale can be completed faster and at lower cost, supporting efficient scale-up of a promising Zika vaccine candidate platform.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149137982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cobalt nanoparticles: an overview on fundamental preparations to transformative applications.","authors":"Thangavel Lakshmipriya, Subash C B Gopinath, Lee Shu Hua, Ahmad Radi Wan Yaakub, Arun Shemesh Isaac, Makram A Fakhri, Evan T Salim, Yuan Seng Wu","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2026.2739397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2026.2739397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanoparticles research is an intense scientific interest on account of their board range of applications in optical, biomedical, and electronic fields. Being the first catalyst produced from non-precious metal, cobalt possesses properties like platinum. Cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPS) show a greater attention due to their unique magnetic, electrical, catalytic and biomedical properties. Future applications as catalyst, information storage system, and separation technology, generate the needs for the synthesis of crystal structured CoNPs with desired size and shape, as well as uniformity in composition. There is always a keen searching for environmentally friendly and reliable methods to synthesis CoNPs in the effort of reducing or even removing the use of noxious chemicals. To this line, this review discuss the synthesis strategies for CoNPs, including, chemical, physical, biological approaches and the influencing parameters with crystallinity, size of the particle, morphology, and surface chemistry. Besides, the major applications of CoNPs as catalyst, biosensors, antimicrobial activity, electronic are addressed with future directions and sustainable developments.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149138051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening of components to optimize a low-cost culture media for calves' lactic acid bacteria, their resistance to spray dried and storage.","authors":"Natalia Carrasco, Natalia Cecilia Maldonado, Mariano Obregozo, María Elena Fátima Nader-Macías","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2026.2741187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2026.2741187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Veterinary probiotic formulations require high numbers of viable bacteria and culture media that support efficient biomass production while being economically feasible. The aim of this work was to optimize a culture medium for 4 homologous probiotic lactic acid bacteria (BAL) strains (<i>Lactobacillus johnsonii</i>-CRL1693, <i>Ligilactobacillus murinus</i>-CRL1695, <i>Limosilactobacillus mucosae</i>-CRL1696, and <i>Ligilactobacillus salivarius</i>-CRL1702) isolated from fecal samples of calves and to evaluate their resistance to spray dried and storage conditions. Sixty culture media designed containing different carbon source (glucose, fructose, molasses, pectin, lactose and corn-syrup) and three commercial yeast extracts (YE) were evaluated at 30 °C-37 °C. Glucose replacement was feasible for most strains, except with pectin. Glucose and lactose were optimal for CRL1693, CRL1695, and CRL1696, while for CRL1702 only fructose. All the strains tolerated spray drying, except CRL1702 that was deeply affected. The resulting powders maintained suitable viability, moisture content, and water activity during storage, and SEM revealed no differences in bacterial morphology between cells grown in the optimized and control media. Replacing glucose with molasses and using Angel YE reduced the estimated culture-medium cost, demonstrating the economic potential of the optimized formulations. Overall, the optimized media provided economical alternatives for the production of biomass of BAL intended for veterinary probiotic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149137993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-step purification and characterization of chitinase from <i>Bacillus cereus</i> V5331: evaluation of antagonistic potential of enzyme against fruit juice contaminant <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>.","authors":"Anindita Sharma, Shailendra Kumar Arya, Gursharan Singh","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2026.2737338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2026.2737338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chitinases are gaining importance as biocatalysts for environmentally friendly food preservation and biocontrol. The present study reports on the purification and biochemical characterization of a chitinase from <i>Bacillus cereus</i> V5331 and its anti-yeast activity in grape juice. The enzyme was purified by Sephadex G-100, leading to 10.3-fold purity and a specific activity of 2951 U mg^-1. The molecular weight of ∼54 kDa was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and zymogram analysis. The chitinase showed optimum activity at pH 7.0 °C and 37 °C. Substrate specificity tests exhibited highest activity toward swollen chitin. Kinetic analysis also revealed the lowest <i>K</i>_m (0.023) and <i>V</i>_max of 77.5 for swollen chitin, showing good substrate affinity and catalysis. Metal ions, halogens, organic solvents, and essential oils greatly influenced enzyme activity, indicating the enzyme's sensitivity to environmental factors. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) study showed NAG as the major hydrolysis product of chitin. Purified chitinase was found to be effective in suppressing the growth of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> in grape juice, resulting in a ∼5-log decline in viable cell counts. This was followed by a time-dependent rise in NAG release as a marker of increasing cell wall degradation. The obtained results suggest the possible applications of <i>B. cereus</i> V5331 chitinase as a natural biocontrol agent in food preservation systems. Furthermore, the availability of a functionally active enzyme increases its potential for industrial and agricultural applications, such as long-term bioconversion of chitinous waste, and simplifies downstream processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149137974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An additive-enhanced membrane chromatography approach for improved plasmid DNA recovery.","authors":"Aydin Kavara, Julio Huato, Kurt Boenning, Christina Caporale, Mark Schofield","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2026.2733905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2026.2733905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plasmid DNA (pDNA) is a critical starting material for the production of viral vectors, mRNA therapeutics, and recombinant proteins. The rapid growth of these modalities has increased demand for high-quality pDNA. Despite previous investigations of chaotropic additives and anion exchange chromatography for nucleic acid purification, significant plasmid losses remain a challenge in membrane-based processes. In this study, we developed and optimized a Mustang^™ Q XT anion exchange membrane chromatography process to improve pDNA recovery directly from clarified lysate using a Design of Experiments (DOE) approach. Process parameters, including pH, conductivity, loading conditions, and buffer additives, were evaluated to identify factors affecting plasmid recovery and RNA removal. Arginine and urea were identified as significant process enhancers, increasing plasmid recovery from approximately 50% to as high as 93% while improving resolution between pDNA and RNA species. The additives also reduced the conductivity required for plasmid elution, improving recovery and chromatographic selectivity. Additional studies demonstrated that guanidine and histidine provided similar benefits. These improvements were achieved without additional chromatography or polishing steps, enabling direct processing of clarified lysate in a rapid, low-shear workflow. The findings provide a practical, scalable strategy for enhancing pDNA recovery using strong anion exchange membrane chromatography.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Purification, characterization and antimicrobial activity of pediocin PA-1 from <i>Pediococcus acidilactici</i> LH31.","authors":"Jianmin Song, Xiaojing Ma, Juan Bai, Aiyou Sun","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2026.2741186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2026.2741186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pediocin PA-1 is a Class IIa bacteriocin with potent activity against foodborne pathogens, but its application is limited by the lack of efficient purification methods. In this study, pediocin PA-1 was purified from <i>Pediococcus acidilactici</i> LH31 using a two-step procedure consisting of pH-mediated cell adsorption-desorption followed by semi-preparative reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The purified bacteriocin showed a single band at approximately 5.0 kDa on Tricine-SDS-PAGE. It exhibited optimal antimicrobial activity against <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> at 25 °C and pH 6.0. The bacteriocin retained significant activity after boiling for 20 min and remained stable across pH 4.0-9.0. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined to be 50 μg/mL. Time-kill kinetics demonstrated concentration-dependent bactericidal activity, with >3 log₁₀ reduction in viable counts within 10 h at 2× MIC. All experiments were performed in triplicate using three independent bacterial culture batches. These findings provide an efficient purification protocol for pediocin PA-1 and comprehensively characterize its stability and antimicrobial kinetics, supporting its potential as a natural food preservative.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149113732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}