{"title":"Advancing Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase (SOD1) production in <i>Pichia pastoris</i>: challenges, strategies, current research status, and future directions.","authors":"Abdulqader Al-Adeeb, Sahibzada Muhammad Aqeel, Hend Sadeq Aljaberi, Qiuya Gu, Shuoqi Jiang, Siqi Ma, Xiaobin Yu","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2025.2484596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2025.2484596","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase (SOD1) plays a critical role in alleviating oxidative stress by catalyzing the conversion of superoxide radicals into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. This review presents an in-depth analysis of the challenges and strategies involved in optimizing SOD1 production, with a focus on <i>Pichia pastoris</i> as an expression system. Key approaches such as the strategic selection of expression vectors, codon optimization, and the fine-tuning of fermentation parameters to maximize SOD1 yield are thoroughly explored. Advances in protein engineering, the co-expression of molecular chaperones, and the use of stabilizers and additives are also examined for their role in improving SOD1 stability and functionality. The review highlights the significant biomedical and industrial applications of overexpressed and thermostable SOD1, uncovering novel opportunities for therapeutic interventions and biotechnological innovations. Additionally, emerging technologies such as omics-based approaches, advanced protein engineering tools, and alternative host systems are discussed, offering new avenues for future research. This comprehensive review underscores the transformative potential of SOD1 optimization, positioning it at the forefront of scientific and technological advancements.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chaitra Chandrakant Shanbhag, Raini Mohd Hanzala Salimuddin, Regupathi Iyyaswami, Prasanna D Belur
{"title":"Simultaneous partitioning of multiple bioactive compounds from <i>Garcinia indica</i> rinds in a three-liquid-phase extraction systems.","authors":"Chaitra Chandrakant Shanbhag, Raini Mohd Hanzala Salimuddin, Regupathi Iyyaswami, Prasanna D Belur","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2025.2483240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2025.2483240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Simultaneous extraction and purification of principal bioactive compounds, anthocyanins (ACNs), garcinol (GL), and hydroxycitric acid (HCA) from the rinds of <i>Garcinia indica</i> (Kokum) fruits in a single-step using Three Liquid Phase Systems (TLPS) were investigated. Among the various phase-forming components studied, TLPS formed by n-hexane-ethanol-(NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>-water system was considered for partitioning GL into the n-hexane-rich top phase, ACNs into the ethanol-rich middle phase, and HCA into the aqueous salt-rich bottom phase. The present system was even able to separate carbohydrates into the bottom phase, which can be detrimental to the stability of ACNs. The effect of n-hexane, ethanol, and (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> concentration on the partitioning behavior of biomolecules was analyzed. The TLPS composed of water-n-hexane-ethanol-(NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> could purify and extract 95.08% of ACNs, 95.33% of GL, and 67.98% of HCA in a single-step extraction process while the other extraction methods require multi-step extraction process to separate these three compounds. The effect of pH studies on the partitioning characteristics of biomolecules revealed that pH 4 is optimum and more efficient than the native pH of the system to achieve maximum yield of all the bioactive compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Probiotic characterization, safety assessment, and production performance of a novel probiotic strain of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> SKB/2074 (MCC 0563) in broiler chickens.","authors":"Parag Saudagar, Khushal Chaudhari, Mahalaxmi Mohan, Dattatray Bedade","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2025.2479834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2025.2479834","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Probiotics are living microorganisms when administered in adequate amounts confer health benefits to the host. In the present study, a soil isolate was identified as <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> based on the 16S rRNA sequencing. In probiotic functional characterization (<i>in vitro</i>), <i>B. subtilis</i> SKB/2074 produced 10 different enzymes, was stable under simulated gastric conditions (pH 2.5/1-3 hr), bile salt (0.05-0.3% w/v), and temperature (40-90 °C) conditions. <i>B. subtilis</i> SKB/2074 cells were non-hemolytic, found susceptible to the 30 antibiotics, and showed antimicrobial activity against <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>, and <i>Clostridium perfringens.</i> In <i>in vivo</i> studies, <i>B. subtilis</i> SKB/2074 demonstrated encouraging results to reverse <i>E. coli</i> and castor oil incited diarrhea in Wistar rats and Albino mice, respectively. Histopathological studies exhibited restoration of damaged mucosal epithelium cells and recovers veracity of goblet cells (colon). <i>B. subtilis</i> SKB/2074 exhibited immunomodulatory effects (increased immunoglobulins in blood and weight of spleen and thymus) and significant antioxidant activity (84.14%), reducing capacity and ascorbate auto-oxidation inhibition effect (95.13%). In poultry field studies, <i>B. subtilis</i> SKB/2074 significantly improved growth performance and lowered mortality rate in broiler chickens. Based on these preliminary scientific assessments <i>B. subtilis</i> SKB/2074 is likely to be used as potential probiotic and antidiarrheal agent in humans and animal healthcare.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elaine Cristina da Silva, Leandro Paes de Brito, Francisca Crislândia Oliveira Silva, Dayane da Silva Santos, Allyson Andrade Mendonça, Raquel Pedrosa Bezerra, Paulo Antônio Galindo Soares, Marcos Antônio de Morais Junior, Ana Lúcia Figueiredo Porto, Maria Taciana Holanda Cavalcanti
{"title":"Exploiting the bacterial exopolysaccharide bioconversion using residual cheese whey as culture medium.","authors":"Elaine Cristina da Silva, Leandro Paes de Brito, Francisca Crislândia Oliveira Silva, Dayane da Silva Santos, Allyson Andrade Mendonça, Raquel Pedrosa Bezerra, Paulo Antônio Galindo Soares, Marcos Antônio de Morais Junior, Ana Lúcia Figueiredo Porto, Maria Taciana Holanda Cavalcanti","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2025.2479829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2025.2479829","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cheese whey (CW) represents a potential substrate in biotechnological processes due to the presence of valuable nutrients in its composition. Therefore, CW is used as a low-cost substrate in fermentation for microbial growth and the synthesis of value-added compounds, while mitigating the environmental impact that this by-product can cause. The current study aimed to obtain exopolysaccharides (EPS) by fermenting lactic acid bacteria in CW followed by optimizing production using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and evaluating the biological properties. Out of 64 isolates, <i>Enterococcus</i> sp. 133 V exhibited a high concentration with 5.58 mg/mL of EPS. With optimization using RSM, 21.74 mg/mL of EPS was obtained with temperature and fermentation time fixed at 42 °C and 22 h, respectively. The characterization of the new EPS revealed a hetero-polysaccharide consisting of galactose, glucose, mannose, arabinose, rhamnose and fucose, including proteins and uric acid in the structure. With a concentration of 2 mg/mL, the purified EPS showed good scavenging effects against DPPH (27%), ABTS (72%) and superoxide (43%), except for the hydroxyl radical (1.29%) which needs a high EPS concentration. These findings underscore the interest in using cheap residue as culture medium to produce biopolymers with potential for applications, particularly in the food and biotechnology sectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vijayalakshmi K, Sonali L, Kanimozhi N V, Pavithra R, Drisya Raj M P, Chinta Suneetha, R Palpandi Raja, Sukumar Muthusamy
{"title":"Promising approaches in the extraction, characterization, and biotechnological applications of ursolic acid: a review.","authors":"Vijayalakshmi K, Sonali L, Kanimozhi N V, Pavithra R, Drisya Raj M P, Chinta Suneetha, R Palpandi Raja, Sukumar Muthusamy","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2025.2475094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2025.2475094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid, has gained attention for its pharmacological properties and industrial uses. This study explores natural sources of UA, including <i>Plumeria rubra</i>, apple peels, sage, rosemary, and holy basil, while emphasizing sustainable extraction methods. Advanced techniques like Soxhlet extraction, solvent extraction, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) are optimized to enhance yield and purity. Ethanol and methanol solvent extraction provide effective recovery, while SFE with supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> increases selectivity and reduces solvent residue. EAE boosts efficiency by breaking down cell membranes, allowing sustained UA release. With antibacterial, anticancer, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory effects, UA holds promise in therapeutics and has applications in nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and food preservation. However, its low water solubility and bioavailability require innovative delivery methods like dendrimers and nanoparticles. This review merges traditional and modern approaches to UA extraction, bioavailability enhancement, and sustainable use, offering new perspectives on its potential in medicine, food technology, and cosmetics.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cecilia Ricaczeski, Eduardo El Akkari Sallum, Carlos Ricardo Soccol, Esteffany Helscher Candeo, Maria Luísa Cerri, Eduardo Bittencourt Sydney, Juliana Martins Teixeira de Abreu Pietrobelli
{"title":"Optimized production of ligninolytic enzymes by immobilized <i>Phanerochaete chrysosporium</i> in a lab-scale bioreactor.","authors":"Cecilia Ricaczeski, Eduardo El Akkari Sallum, Carlos Ricardo Soccol, Esteffany Helscher Candeo, Maria Luísa Cerri, Eduardo Bittencourt Sydney, Juliana Martins Teixeira de Abreu Pietrobelli","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2025.2478408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2025.2478408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Effluents are a challenge for the textile industries, as they cannot be released into the environment without proper treatment. Biodegradation has been increasingly explored as an alternative for the treatment of this type of effluent, allowing the co-production of molecules of commercial interest. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the production of enzymes lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase from textile effluent by <i>Phanerochaete chrysosporium</i>. A response surface experimental design was developed to optimize the production of biomass, in which the independent variables were pH, carbon/nitrogen and phosphorus ratio, and the dependent variable was the production of biomass. The present work showed an activity of manganese peroxidase of 15.32 U L<sup>-1</sup> and lignin peroxidase of 70 U L<sup>-1</sup>, demonstrating that the studied process is promising for the production of ligninolytic enzymes. This work demonstrates that the fungus <i>P. chrysosporium</i> can tolerate the adverse conditions of real textile effluent and use it as a source of nutrients for the production of biomass. Two enzymes were produced with applications in the textile industry associated with the production of biomass. The use of wastewater from textile production for the production of peroxidases results in an unprecedented circular process.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Polyethylene glycol precipitation: fundamentals and recent advances.","authors":"Maria Del Carme Pons Royo, Alois Jungbauer","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2025.2470220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2025.2470220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Downstream processing continues to face significant bottlenecks due to current purification technologies and improvements in upstream. Chromatography systems have been the primary method for purification due to their high yields and purities. However, the use of high-titer-producing strains has highlighted limitations in chromatographic steps, including mass transfer limitations, low capacity, and scalability issues. These challenges, combined with the growing interest in fully continuous manufacturing processes, have led to a widespread interest in alternative to affinity chromatography systems. Polyethylene glycol precipitation has been demonstrated to be a powerful, flexible, easily scalable, and titer-independent methodology for purifying therapeutic proteins such as monoclonal antibodies, achieving yields and purities comparable to chromatography systems. Furthermore, it also holds great potential for simplifying the current purification processes of new modalities and overcome current bottlenecks in downstream processing. Herein, we discuss the latest advances in polyethylene glycol precipitation as a purification technology and explore its future research directions and potential applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143625678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Expression of <i>Vitreoscilla</i> hemoglobin gene in different organisms: a new approach to increase the efficiency of various biological processes.","authors":"Mahsa Arkani, Valiollah Babaeipour, Reza Mohammadi, Aliasghar Deldar","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2025.2472961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2025.2472961","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Vitreoscilla</i> hemoglobin (VHb), a 15,775 Da oxygen-binding protein, enhances intracellular oxygen transfer, improves the efficiency of oxygen use, and promotes organism growth and the desired metabolite production. Researchers have investigated VHb gene expression for two decades to enhance aerobic biological processes in diverse organisms. This review examines the protein structure, biochemical characteristics, genetic structure, cellular mechanisms of activity, and protein engineering of VHb. It then assesses the impact of VHb expression on the performance improvement of bacteria, fungi, plants, and mammalian cells in various biological processes. Finally, the article specifically discusses the VHb gene expression strategies in <i>Streptomyces</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143567966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Uncovering the <i>in vitro</i> antibiofilm potential of <i>Dittrichia graveolens</i> silver nanoparticle against infectious agents.","authors":"Ayşe Karacalı Tunç, Ramazan Erenler","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2025.2472937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2025.2472937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Dittrichia graveolens</i> (L.) Desf., an aromatic plant, is used in various treatments in popular medicine. Especially its methanolic and aqueous extracts have many biological activities. Nanotechnology, which has pioneered important research in recent years, has also begun to be preferred in the field of health. Based on this, we aim to investigate the effect of silver nanoparticle synthesized from <i>Dittrichia graveolens</i> on antimicrobial and antibiofilm. We tried to destroy the biofilm structures responsible for antibiotic resistance in bacteria with environmentally friendly nanoparticles. The antimicrobial activity of AgNPs obtained through green synthesis, was evaluated by the liquid medium microdilution method. MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) values of AgNPs for <i>Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> strains were determined by the microdilution method in 96-well ELISA plates. The effect of AgNPs on biofilm was performed using the crystal violet method in 96-well flat-bottom microplates. The MIC values of the four standard strains were determined to be 128 μg/mL. All standard strains showed antibiofilm effects for every concentration of AgNPs. The lowest concentration of AgNPs for inhibition the biofilm was detected as about 90% at 16 μg/mL. It was concluded that green synthesized AgNPs was effective on bacteria. In addition, this is the first study on this subject. This study may be an innovative approach to the scientific world from a herbal and bacterial perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143531857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Production of a genetically encoded biosensor for evaluating enterovirus 71 3C protease inhibitors.","authors":"Jiankai Ye, Rui Zhang, Xiaoping Liu, Yunyu Chen","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2025.2472952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2025.2472952","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enterovirus 71 (EV-71) is a major causative agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), which mainly affects infants and children. However, there are no effective clinical drugs for the treatment of HFMD. The 3C protease (3Cpro) is an ideal drug target for antivirals, as this enzyme plays an indispensable role in virus replication. Considering the limitations of the peptide substrates used in the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay, there is an urgent need to design improved 3Cpro biosensors for assay development. In this study, we developed a genetically encoded biosensor based on a dimerization-dependent red fluorescent protein (ddRFP) system for evaluating 3Cpro inhibitors. The 3Cpro biosensor has many beneficial properties, such as economical bioproduction, a simple dual-mode readout, and a high emission wavelength. Using the 3Cpro biosensor, rupintrivir was identified as a competitive 3Cpro inhibitor <i>in vitro</i>. Our research highlights a promising avenue for producing 3Cpro biosensors from <i>E. coli</i> cells. The 3Cpro biosensor provides a reliable biochemical tool for the rapid assessment of antivirals against enterovirus infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143524084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}