Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of S-allyl-cysteine from garlic: Enhancing yield through response surface methodology.","authors":"Ajay Kumar Shakya, Chandan Das","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2025.2568074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2025.2568074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to optimize ultrasound-assisted extraction (USAE) of S-allyl cysteine (SAC) from an Indian garlic variety using response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of essential process variables such as extraction time, temperature, and loading ratio were effectively optimized to maximize SAC yield using a central composite design (CCD). The model predicted optimal conditions at 47.36 °C, 11.76 min, and a loading ratio of 43.75 mL/g, yielding a 0.91 mg/g SAC content. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analysis validated the presence of SAC in the garlic extract, and FE-SEM revealed enhanced cellular disruption. USAE showed about 28.6% higher SAC yield than conventional extraction, demonstrating a rapid, efficient, and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional methods for obtaining valuable garlic bioactives, with strong potential for application in the functional food and pharmaceutical industries.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145252354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NiS₂ nanoparticles: structural, spectroscopic and significant antibacterial properties against series of pathogenic strains.","authors":"Vilas P Chaudhari, Debesh R Roy, Sutapa Mondal Roy","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2025.2562320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2025.2562320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antibacterial properties of nanoparticles are very useful in diverse application including water disinfection, medicines, textile industries and food packaging. The present work addresses the first-time investigation on the antibacterial properties of NiS₂ nanoparticles against five Gram-positive and five Gram-negative bacterial strains, using the well diffusion method, in terms of zone of inhibition (ZOI) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). NiS₂ nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal method using Teflon-lined stainless-steel autoclave, and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. SEM analysis shows that the size of synthesized nanoparticle was 30-50 nm. NiS₂ nanoparticles shows significant antibacterial activity against both the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. Notable increase in the antibacterial activity is observed for NiS₂ nanoparticles with the increase in its concentration in terms of ZOI, which helps us to study the cell toxicity. MIC of NiS₂ is also predicted for representative Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. The results of the present work are expected to contribute significantly toward possible medicinal applications of NiS₂ nanoparticles.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High yield immobilization of cellulase on the polypyrrole Fe₂O₄SiO₂ nanocomposite: its stabilization and applicability in the hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose in a batch process.","authors":"Mohd Faisal Asar, Mohd Shoeb, Qayyum Husain","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2025.2566744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2025.2566744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current work investigated the use of a specific nanoconjugate, polypyrrole coated magnetic silicon dioxide nanocomposite (Fe₂O₄SiO₂/PPyNC), for effective immobilization <i>Aspergillus niger</i> cellulase, onto Fe₂O₄SiO₂/PPyNC to produce NC-bound cellulase (NBC). The cellulase enzyme was chemically attached to the NC material using glutaraldehyde crosslinking and effective binding of the cellulase was verified using transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The nanobiocatalytic NBC preparation exhibited significantly enhanced activity in comparison with its soluble counterpart. The immobilization of cellulase resulted in significant improvements in pH, temperature, and storage stability profiles. The cellulase covalently coupled to Fe₂O₄SiO₂/PPyNC exhibited a lower K_M value, suggesting a 1.49-fold increase in affinity of the NBC toward the substrate compared to the soluble enzyme. The covalently immobilized cellulase retained 85.3% of its original activity even after undergoing 8 consecutive applications. The NBC formulation exhibits improved biocatalytic activity, stability, and reusability characteristics. These qualities were successfully utilized for facilitating the hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and complex lignocellulosic biomass including wheat straw, and sugarcane bagasse, resulting in the production of significantly higher sugar yields when compared to the hydrolysis by soluble cellulase.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A D-optimal RSM-guided computational strategy for lipase immobilization on rice straw toward enhanced biocatalytic efficiency.","authors":"Mamta Kumari, Soham Chattopadhyay","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2025.2568081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2025.2568081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global enzyme market is projected to reach approximately USD 16.8 billion by 2032. The demand for lipase in free and immobilized forms increases due to its wide range of applications in different industrial sectors. Therefore, in this study, we immobilize porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) on rice straw (RS), a lignocellulosic residue derived from agricultural waste. The PPL-immobilized RS was characterized using FTIR, SEM, and EDX. The FTIR spectra show the amide group, confirming successful immobilization. Surface characterization using SEM illustrates morphological changes after PPL immobilization. EDX reveals an increase in carbon percentage on PPL-immobilized RS, confirming the presence of proteinaceous residues, indicating successful immobilization. After immobilization, the catalytic efficiency of the immobilized PPL optimized using a D-optimal response surface methodology (RSM) using variables (pH, temperature, and ionic strength). The RSM-based model predicted optimal conditions (70 mM ionic strength, pH 7.8, 36 °C) with a projected activity of 2.61 U/mg. Experimental validation yielded 2.6 ± 0.02 U/mg, indicating excellent model accuracy and robustness. The statistical evaluation revealed strong model performance, with <i>R</i>² = 0.989, <i>Q</i>² = 0.958, model validity = 0.746, and reproducibility = 0.990, confirming its high predictive accuracy, reliability, and overall robustness.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of ultrafiltration membranes for exosome isolation from A549 cell-conditioned medium.","authors":"Pankaj Kumar Chaturvedi, Se Eun Park, Jae Yeon Kim, Chanwoo Kim, Myung Chul Lee, Dohun Kim","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2025.2562319","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10826068.2025.2562319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>(N = 199)Although numerous exosome isolation protocols are available, a practical need remains for a direct, quantitative comparison of commonly used centrifugal molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) filters under identical and standardized conditions. In this study we isolated exosomes with 10, 50 and 100 kDa Amicon filters using A549 conditioned medium and performed multimodal characterization. The Z-average sizes of the exosomes were 49.24 nm (10 kDa), 61.64 nm (50 kDa) and 90.83 nm (100 kDa). Statistical analysis showed that the size differences between 10 kDa and 100 kDa (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) and between 50 and 100 kDa (<i>p</i> = 0.0026) were highly significant. The 100 kDa isolates were most homogeneous (PDI = 0.455; 100 kDa vs. 10 kDa <i>p</i> = 0.0046). FluoroCet quantification yielded ∼ 1.3 × 10⁹, 7.0 × 10⁸ and 4.5 × 10⁸ exosomes/µg protein for 100, 50 and 10 kDa filters, respectively, with 100 kDa significantly higher than 10 kDa (<i>p</i> = 0.0079) and 50 kDa (<i>p</i> = 0.0279). Western blotting showed highest enrichment of canonical markers CD63 and TSG101 in 100 kDa isolates. Overall, this study highlights the impact of MWCO selection on exosome yield, purity, and quality and concludes that 100 kDa ultrafiltration is a pragmatic, low-cost alternative for cell-culture exosome preparations.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145200803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the release of active compounds and cytotoxicity of thymol/gallic acid/β-cyclodextrin bio-nanocomposite: a targeted strategy with the approach of disrupting the genes involved in the quorum sensing system and biofilm formation in <i>P. aeruginosa</i> (PAO1).","authors":"Behnam Ashrafi, Rouhollah Heydari, Faranak Rezaei, Behrouz Beiranvand, Naser Pajouhi, Marzieh Rashidipour, Morovat Taherikalani, Setareh Soroush","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2025.2563676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2025.2563676","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The quorum sensing (QS) system and cell-to-cell communication have had a significant impact on biofilm formation and virulence factor increase in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (<i>P. aeruginosa</i>), making this opportunistic pathogen a global concern and potentially life-threatening agent. The present study aimed to create an innovative pharmaceutical bio-nanocomposite (BNC) comprising thymol (THY) and gallic acid (GA) based on β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), which was used to investigate the release kinetics of active compounds, the level of cytotoxicity, antibacterial and anti-biofilm potential, and measuring the expression of genes effective in QS in the strain PAO1 pays <i>P. aeruginosa</i>. Based on this, physicochemical characteristics of the synthesized BNC were determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis (FTIR), UV-vis measurement, dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The BNC's antibacterial and anti-biofilm capabilities were assessed using the PAO1 reference strain of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and the expression level of QS-effective genes (<i>rhlI, rhlR, lasI, and lasR</i>) in bacteria was also evaluated in the presence of the synthesized BNC. The results of FTIR spectroscopy show the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds between THY, GA and β-CD. Absorption peaks of the UV-vis spectroscopy spectrum of the synthesized BNC at wavelengths of 217 and 272 nm are confirmed successful encapsulation of the THY and GA into the β-CD. The maximum size of the synthesized BNC was recorded as 356.3 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.816. SEM and TEM micrographs show the presence of THY/GA active compounds in the pores in β-CD and the formation of a dense polymer network. After 360 minutes of release kinetics, more than 70% of the complex's active chemicals had been released. The biological complex's low toxicity is indicated by average cell survival of more than 65% and the ability to preserve the spindle shape of normal fibroblast cells at high concentrations. The PAO1 strain has minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 323 and 199.6 μg/mL for minimal biofilm inhibition concentration 50% (MBIC₅₀). The decrease in <i>rhlI</i> and <i>rhlR</i> gene expression relative to the control group (without treatment) suggests that the active chemicals released from the biological complex interact and disrupt the QS pathway. Overall, the synthesized pharmaceutical complex has promise as a clever and effective option for future research and practical advances, as well as the development of complementary therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review: characterization polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production from <i>Bacillus megaterium sp.</i> microorganism for renewable plastics industry.","authors":"Kharis Yohan Abidin, Abdullah, Yeyen Nurhamiyah, Muhson Isroni, Rossy Choerun Nissa, Radityo Pangestu, Dadang Suhendar, Akbar Hanif Dawam Abdullah","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2025.2556869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2025.2556869","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), a biodegradable biopolymer derived from microbes has been growing in popularity in light of the shift toward ecologically viable materials. <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> can produce large amounts of PHB, use a wide range of substrates (including biomass and industrial waste) and can adapt to several environmental conditions for growth and production. <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> shows strong potential for PHB production, achieving up to 78.4% yield (w/w), molecular weights of 200-800 kDa, and productivity up to 1.73 g/L·h^-1 in fed-batch systems. It can utilize low-cost substrates such as molasses, crude glycerol, and lignocellulosic hydrolysates. Compared to <i>Cupriavidus necator</i>, its feedstock flexibility allows production cost reductions of up to 30% per ton in some studies. This review assesses some of the most significant progress made in producing PHB using <i>B. megaterium,</i> including: physicochemical characterization; genetic modifications; substrate variability; and fermentation method. We highlight key fermentation strategies, genetic modifications, and substrate innovations that have improved PHB yield and economic viability. Limitations such as downstream recovery challenges and the need for optimized feedstock pretreatment are critically discussed. Overall, <i>B. megaterium</i> has significant potential for sustainable production of PHB from renewable resources, helping to continue the development of reasonably priced and environmentally friendly bioplastics.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145200786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced production of bacterial cellulose by co-culturing <i>Komagataeibacter xylinus</i> and <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i>.","authors":"Yanli Fan, Yumin Yang, Yifan Cui, Yan Huang, Ye Chen","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2025.2564374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2025.2564374","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study optimized the conditions of producing bacterial cellulose (BC) membrane by co-culture with <i>Komagataeibacter xylinus</i> (<i>K. xylinus</i>) and <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> (<i>L. plantarum</i>) to increase the production of BC. The yield and thickness of BC were used as indexes. The co-culture proportion of <i>K. xylinus</i> and <i>L. plantarum</i>, carbon source, pH value and the amount of ethanol addition were optimized in the same culture time. The results showed that the yield of BC was 6 times higher than that of the control group when the ratio of <i>K. xylinus</i> and <i>L. plantarum</i> in 6% of inoculations was 7:3, fructose was used as carbon source, the initial pH was 5, and the volume fraction of ethanol was 1.5%. Thus, co-culturing <i>K. xylinus</i> and <i>L. plantarum</i> is effective for shortening the fermentation cycle and reduce the cost of BC.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145138526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review on secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi as potential source of bioactive substances for cosmeceutical products.","authors":"Silva Abraham, Helen Octa Lentaya, Muhson Isroni, Rizka Gitami Sativa, Dicky Adihayyu Monconegoro, Teguh Baruji, Winda Tasia, Agus Supriyono, Nuralih, Elpri Eka Permadi, Sjaikhurrizal El Muttaqien","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2025.2562464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2025.2562464","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the last century, research on the exploration of endophytic fungi has received tremendous attention worldwide due to their potency as an important source of natural bioactive compounds, particularly for the biomedical sectors. The biodiversity of the isolated bioactive compounds has shown various bioactivities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-wrinkle, anti-pigmentation, antimicrobial, and anti-cancer. Concurrently, the cosmeceutical sector has experienced substantial market growth in recent decades, especially for cosmeceutical products with naturally occurring bioactive compounds. This trend is attributed to the growing concern of consumers over the hazardous effects of synthetic active substances, expecting greater biocompatibility, safety, and environmental friendliness. The current review focuses on endophytic fungi-derived secondary metabolites exerting cosmeceutical-related bioactivities. Special emphasis is placed on secondary metabolites with antioxidant, anti-melanogenic, and anti-inflammatory activities and a discussion of the main bioactive compounds and their respective bioassays. The wide array of bioactive compounds produced by the same fungal genus obtained from different plants. This review found that several endophytic fungal active compounds have better activities than standard compounds, reflecting the potential compounds for bioactive substances. This review also elaborates the challenge of increasing the scale of bioactive production by endophytic fungi on an industrial scale, which requires optimization of various parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valorization of low-grade <i>Gracilaria verrucosa</i> biomass via optimized acid hydrolysis: a sustainable route to high-value sugars for bioproduct development.","authors":"Rossy Choerun Nissa, Maya Irmayanti, Yeyen Nurhamiyah, Fateha Fateha, Akbar Hanif Dawam Abdullah, Deddy Triyono Nugroho Adi, Hidawati Hidawati, Hidayat Hidayat, Safri Ishmayana, Dadan Sumiarsa","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2025.2560541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2025.2560541","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Low-grade <i>Gracilaria verrucosa</i> biomass, typically discarded during seaweed processing, remains underutilized despite its rich polysaccharide content. This study explores the valorization of this waste stream through optimized acid hydrolysis, comparing conventional water bath heating and pressurized steam pretreatment. A low-concentration sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) hydrolysis process was statistically optimized using response surface methodology (RSM), employing a central composite design (CCD), yielding a maximum reducing sugar concentration of 56.54 g/L under pressurized steam conditions-substantially higher than 37.51 g/L under water bath treatment. Structural changes in the biomass were characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and density measurements, revealing enhanced polysaccharide breakdown under pressurized conditions. Importantly, the sugar-rich hydrolysate, dominated by glucose and xylose, demonstrates potential as a substrate for microbial fermentation, supporting downstream bioproduct development such as biodegradable plastics. These findings offer a sustainable pathway for converting seaweed processing waste into high-value biochemical feedstocks using a mild, cost-effective hydrolysis process.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}