Palaniyandi Velusamy, Govindarajan Venkat Kumar, Eman A Alabdullkarem, Ebenezar Immanuel J, Elumalai Pandian, Subash C B Gopinath
{"title":"Nano-bio interface modulation using <i>Garcinia spicata</i>-capped silver nanoparticles (GS-AgNPs) for combating multidrug-resistant bacteria.","authors":"Palaniyandi Velusamy, Govindarajan Venkat Kumar, Eman A Alabdullkarem, Ebenezar Immanuel J, Elumalai Pandian, Subash C B Gopinath","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2026.2658178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2026.2658178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the leaf extract of <i>Garcinia spicata</i> (GS). The biosynthesized GS-AgNPs were confirmed by the appearance of a characteristic surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 420 nm using UV-Vis spectroscopy. Further, the morphology, biomolecular capping, and crystalline structure of GS-AgNPs were carried out using advanced analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization, Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) and field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The FESEM images exhibited a spherical shape with diameter in the range of 30-60 nm. These nanoparticles exhibited significant antimicrobial activity toward multi-drugs resistant bacterial pathogens of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> at a concentration of 12 µg/mL. Furthermore, their anti-inflammatory properties were evaluated through protein-denaturation, membrane stabilization and nitric oxide scavenging assays, all of which demonstrated notable inhibition of inflammatory mediators. These findings suggest potential of GS as a promising and sustainable source for the phyto-assisted synthesis of GS-AgNPs with potential applications in antibacterial and anti-inflammatory therapies. Based on available information, this work is the first to report the greener synthesis of GS-AgNPs using <i>Garcinia spicata</i> leaf extracts.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147717731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yunfei Lin, Xiaofei Wang, Pan Wang, Shengnan Xu, Xiaojing Liu, Jiaqi Mao, Guozhu Li, Guohong Qin, Dan Xu
{"title":"Impact of lactate metabolism on antibody production in Chinese hamster ovary cells during fed-batch culture.","authors":"Yunfei Lin, Xiaofei Wang, Pan Wang, Shengnan Xu, Xiaojing Liu, Jiaqi Mao, Guozhu Li, Guohong Qin, Dan Xu","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2026.2654618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2026.2654618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the impact of lactate metabolism on antibody production in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells during fed-batch culture. The goal is to analyze product yield and quality under different lactate metabolism patterns. A 14-day fed-batch culture was conducted in 50 mL shake tubes with five experimental groups having total feeding ratios of 20%, 18%, 15%, 13%, and 10%. By investigating the effects of different feeding ratios on cellular metabolism, CHO cell growth, antibody expression, and antibody quality across the groups. The results indicate that the feeding ratio significantly influences lactate metabolism in CHO cells, with the 15% feeding ratio group showing higher antibody titer and specific productivity compared to the 20% control group and other groups, and maintained lower lactate levels in the later stages of culture. Higher feeding ratios boosted peak cell density but led to lactate accumulation in the later stages, resulting in decreased cell growth. Both excessively high and low total feeding ratios were associated with increased levels of fragmented complementarity-determining regions, as well as acidic and basic peaks, indicating a compromise in antibody quality. Appropriate feeding ratio helps maintain lactate levels, thereby supporting cell growth, enhancing antibody production, and ensuring product quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147717764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joyce Tamilselvi, Jelin Vilvest, Alex Yagoo, A Mariya Vaishnika
{"title":"Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using <i>Catharanthus roseus</i> leaf and stem extracts and their differential antibacterial activity.","authors":"Joyce Tamilselvi, Jelin Vilvest, Alex Yagoo, A Mariya Vaishnika","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2026.2658177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2026.2658177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized via plant-mediated approaches offer eco-friendly alternatives to conventional antimicrobial agents; however, comparative studies on different plant parts remain limited. In this study, AgNPs were synthesized using aqueous extracts of <i>Catharanthus roseus</i> leaves and stems. Extracts were prepared by boiling 10 g of dried plant material in 100 mL of distilled water, followed by reaction with 1 mM AgNO<sub>3</sub> and incubation for 24 h in the dark. Nanoparticle formation was preliminarily confirmed by visual color change, indicating the reduction of Ag<sup>+</sup> ions; advanced physicochemical characterization was not performed, and thus the findings represent a preliminary screening study. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the disk diffusion method against Gram-positive (<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>) and Gram-negative (<i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Salmonella abony</i>) bacteria. Leaf-derived AgNPs exhibited higher antibacterial activity, with a maximum inhibition zone of 16.3 ± 0.7 mm against <i>B. subtilis</i>, compared to 14.5 ± 0.6 mm for stem-derived AgNPs. Gram-negative bacteria showed lower susceptibility, with inhibition zones ≤ 12 mm. These results indicate plant-part-dependent variation in antibacterial activity. However, further studies involving physicochemical characterization, MIC/MBC assays, and phytochemical profiling are necessary to validate and extend these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147717726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimization of chitosan-PEG-geranium oil nanoparticles and in-vitro studies on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.","authors":"Keerthi V, Aparna Naguraj T, Manjunathan Jagadeesan, Pasiyappazham Ramasamy, Ambiga Somasundaram, Chandramohan Govindasamy, Khalid M Almutairi, Krishna Prakash Arunachalam, Meenambiga Setti Sudharsan","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2026.2654610","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10826068.2026.2654610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive cancer with limited therapeutic options and is expected to become the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths by 2030. Geraniol, a naturally occurring monoterpenoid found in essential oils, has demonstrated anticancer activity but its clinical use is restricted by poor solubility and low bioavailability. In this study, geraniol was encapsulated within chitosan-polyethylene glycol (CS-PEG) nanocarriers using an ionic interaction method to enhance its therapeutic efficacy. Formulation parameters were optimized using a statistical design approach to evaluate the influence of polymer and surfactant concentrations on encapsulation efficiency. The optimized formulation showed strong model validity (p < 0.005; F = 6.89) and achieved an encapsulation efficiency of 93.87%. Physicochemical characterization confirmed an amorphous structure with an average particle size below 250 nm. <i>In vitro</i> cytotoxicity and apoptosis assessments using MTT and AO/PI assays on pancreatic cancer cell lines revealed enhanced, dose-dependent anticancer activity. The CS-PEG-geraniol nanocarriers demonstrated significantly greater efficacy at 100 µg/mL compared to free geraniol. Overall, the findings suggest that CS-PEG nanocarriers represent a promising and biocompatible delivery platform for improving geraniol-based therapy against PDAC.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147699657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Green synthesized silver nanoparticles and elicitors enhance stevioside glycoside production in the endophyte <i>Acremonium sclerotigenum</i> from <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i>.","authors":"Nishant, Sheela Chandra","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2026.2650501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2026.2650501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Green synthesis of nanoparticles offers a sustainable and eco-friendly approach for biomedical and biotechnological applications. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i> leaf extract and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, FESEM, DLS, XRD, and zeta potential analysis. The AgNPs showed an average particle size of 22.1 nm by FESEM, a hydrodynamic diameter of 46.7 nm by DLS, and a zeta potential of -21.9 mV, indicating good colloidal stability. The AgNPs exhibited strong antibacterial activity in a dose- and condition-dependent manner, with inhibition zones up to 21.8 mm against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and statistically validated MIC values. Antioxidant activity increased with dose and time, showing DPPH scavenging of 63.9 ± 0.008% and FRAP activity of 74.1 ± 0.008%, with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 74.1 µg/mL. Cytotoxicity assays on HEK-293 cells revealed a time- and dose-dependent decline in viability, with an IC<sub>50</sub> of approximately 200 µg/mL after 24 h. Notably, combined application of AgNPs with elicitors on the fungal endophyte <i>Acremonium sclerotigenum</i> significantly enhanced stevioside production. Salicylic acid at 200 mM yielded 19.8 mg/mL stevioside, compared with 4.24 mg/mL in controls. Enhanced biosynthesis is attributed to AgNPs-induced ROS signaling and elicitor-mediated activation of defense pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147675812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Innovative valorization of date seed extract: extraction, optimization and characterization for sustainable sugar production.","authors":"Nesrine Messadi, Manel Mechmeche, Zoulikha Tizemmour, Faten Kachouri","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2026.2654613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2026.2654613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Date seeds are an abundant agro-industrial by-product that remains underutilized despite their potential as a source of valuable compounds. However, limited studies have explored their valorization as a source of natural sugars and bioactive compounds using optimized extraction processes. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a sustainable approach for the valorization of Kentichi date seeds by producing value-added extracts from Kentichi date seed powder (KDSP) using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). This approach contributes to reducing agro-industrial waste while promoting the recovery of valuable compounds. The optimized extraction conditions were a powder/solvent ratio of 200 g/L, an extraction temperature of 30 °C, and an extraction time of 6 h, resulting in an extraction yield close to the model-predicted value (77.87%). The developed model was statistically significant (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) with a high coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.92; adjusted R<sup>2</sup> = 0.89). The obtained Kentichi date seed powder extract (KDSPE) contained 18.6 g/L of total sugars and 9.75 g/L of proteins. The extract also showed high levels of phenolic compounds (9050 µg GAE/mL), contributing to strong antioxidant activity (DPPH IC<sub>50</sub> = 10 µg/mL; ABTS IC<sub>50</sub> = 6 µg/mL). Freeze-drying proved effective for producing KDSPE powder while preserving its bioactive properties, highlighting its potential as a promising ingredient for future food applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147654804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Box-Behnken design-optimized preparative strategy for anti-hyperuricemic flavonoids from <i>Humulus lupulus</i> L.: from extraction to bioactivity evaluation.","authors":"Yabo Chen, Kaining Wei, Kun Li, Ruiqing Zhu, Xiaojie Chen, Yiping Jiang, Tianshuang Xia, Hailiang Xin","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2026.2647208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2026.2647208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study established a standardized preparative platform for bioactive flavonoids from <i>Humulus lupulus</i> L., integrating process optimization, phytochemical isolation, and bioactivity evaluation. Ultrasound-assisted extraction was optimized <i>via</i> a Box-Behnken design (BBD), yielding a robust protocol (60% ethanol, 22:1 solvent-to-solid ratio, 42 min) for high-yield production of hops total flavonoid extract (HTF). Targeted chromatographic isolation from the optimized HTF led to the identification of fifteen compounds, predominantly prenylated flavonoids. <i>In vitro</i> screening revealed potent xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitory activity, with xanthohumol D being most active (IC<sub>50</sub> = 18.08 μg/mL). Critically, this preparatively defined HTF exhibited a dual <i>in vivo</i> mechanism in a hyperuricemic mouse model: reducing serum uric acid <i>via</i> XOD inhibition and providing renoprotection. Thus, the strategy not only provides a standardized preparative method but also positions HTF as a promising multi-targeted phytotherapeutic candidate.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147623466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In-Seok Yeo, Minji Kim, Sayue Sun, Nari Seo, Hyun Joo An, Jung Hoe Kim
{"title":"Immunoglobulin depletion-based affinity purification of human serum haptoglobin without mannosylated IgM co-elution.","authors":"In-Seok Yeo, Minji Kim, Sayue Sun, Nari Seo, Hyun Joo An, Jung Hoe Kim","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2026.2647210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2026.2647210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Haptoglobin is a major plasma glycoprotein and is widely utilized as a clinically relevant biomarker. However, we found that conventional single-step immunoaffinity purification using mono- or polyclonal anti-haptoglobin antibodies consistently resulted in the unintended co-elution. Through in-gel digestion and LC-MS/MS, these contaminants were identified as IgM, whose abundant high-mannose glycans might interfere with haptoglobin glycan profiling. In this study, we established a two-step purification strategy to obtain highly pure haptoglobin from human serum without immunoglobulin contamination. In the first purification step, immunoglobulins were selectively depleted via thiophilic adsorption, after which haptoglobin was isolated through an anti-haptoglobin affinity column. The resulting eluates were examined by CBB staining, western blotting, and lectin blotting, confirming that haptoglobin was the sole major component. Binding assays with hemoglobin confirmed that the purified haptoglobin preserved its intrinsic ligand-binding characteristics. Furthermore, LC-MS/MS analysis revealed no significant differences in overall glycan structures between the one-step and two-step purification methods, except for the absence of high-mannose-type glycans in the two-step-purified haptoglobin. Therefore, this two-step purification method provides a reliable approach for preparing functionally intact and immunoglobulin-free haptoglobin for biomedical and glycoproteomic studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147594271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recovery of soluble white proteins from discarded brown juice of lucerne biorefinery by integrating foam separation and aqueous two-phase extraction.","authors":"Jia Guo, Chunyan Yang, Wei Liu, Hao Yin, Ke Lu","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2026.2648702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2026.2648702","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lucerne (<i>Medicago sativa</i> L.) is acknowledged as an important biomass feedstock for bioethanol production. However, the by-products of lucerne biorefinery may lead to environmental burdens, especially the deproteinzed effluent (brown juice). In this work, an integrating technology of foam separation and aqueous two-phase extraction was developed to recover soluble white proteins (SWP) from discarded brown juice. First, foam separation was used to isolate SWP from discarded brown juice. Under the optimal operating conditions obtained by response surface methodology (RSM), enrichment ratio (<i>E</i>) and recovery percentage (<i>R</i>) of SWP were 2.96 ± 0.17 and 97.85 ± 1.87%, respectively. In order to overcome the paradox between <i>E</i> and <i>R</i>, the foamate had been prepared into aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) using PEG and (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>. The suitable molar mass of PEG and pH were 2000 and 6.5, respectively. When PEG-(NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> mass ratio was 0.54, the partition coefficient of SWP in ATPS reached 4.21 ± 0.11. Subsequently, foam separation was conducted once again by using above ATPS as the feeding solution. Under the optimal operating conditions, <i>E</i> and <i>R</i> of SWP were 10.47 ± 0.25 and 93.58 ± 1.64%, respectively. The total <i>E</i> and <i>R</i> of SWP from the integrating technology of foam separation and aqueous two-phase extraction were 31.21 ± 3.80 and 91.57 ± 3.32%, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147594292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synergistic enhancement of hyaluronic acid production through co-cultivation of <i>Streptococcus zooepidemicus</i> and <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> under differential aeration conditions.","authors":"Hilal Girgin Öz, Hamdi Öğüt","doi":"10.1080/10826068.2026.2650490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2026.2650490","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a high value biopolymer extensively used in biomedical and cosmetic applications due to its biocompatibility, viscoelasticity, and strong water retention capacity. Microbial fermentation has emerged as a scalable and efficient alternative to animal derived HA. This study investigated the impact of microbial competition between <i>Streptococcus zooepidemicus</i> (Sz) and <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> (Sp) on HA production under different aeration regimes closed (anoxic), semi-closed (partially aerated); and controlled aerated bioreactor systems. Mono- and co-culture fermentations were conducted at varying inoculation ratios. The highest HA yield was obtained at a 1:1 inoculation ratio (Sz 5:Sp 5), producing 0.824 g/L in the closed system, 0.909 g/L in the semi-closed system, and 1.15 g/L in the bioreactor. Statistical analyses (Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests) revealed that HA production in co-culture systems was significantly higher than in monocultures (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and that increasing aeration enhanced HA yields across all systems. These findings demonstrate that controlled aeration and balanced co-culture synergistically improve HA biosynthesis, highlighting a promising strategy for scalable and cost effective industrial production.</p>","PeriodicalId":20401,"journal":{"name":"Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147575260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}