Physiological research最新文献

{"title":"Stress and the Immune System: Insights From Psychoneuroimmunology.","authors":"Z Ozaniak Strizova","doi":"10.33549/physiolres.935804","DOIUrl":"10.33549/physiolres.935804","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stress profoundly impacts the immune system, functioning as both an enhancer and suppressor of immune responses. The ultimate outcome depends on a combination of individual characteristics, genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors, and the nature of the stressor. Stress hormones influence leukocyte trafficking, activity, cytokine production, and the overall immune function, leading to immune dysregulation. This review offers a comprehensive perspective on the physiology of the stress response and its effects on immunity, particularly stress-induced alterations in immune cell function. It explores how stress contributes to immunodeficiencies, allergies, and autoimmune diseases, thereby impacting vaccine efficacy, increasing susceptibility to infections, and promoting cancer development. Stress is implicated in the onset and exacerbation of specific autoimmune disorders and contributes to allergic conditions, intensifying allergic responses in both adults and children, particularly in the context of parenting stress and domestic violence. This review also investigates immune changes associated with specific stressors, including bereavement, intimate partner violence, childhood maltreatment, caregiving stress, and post-traumatic stress disorder. This work addresses the multifaceted dimensions of psychoneuroimmunology, shedding light on the significant health consequences of stress-induced immune dysfunction, and emphasizes the need for integrative therapeutic approaches. Key words Fight and flight \" Cortisol \" T cells \" Antibodies \" PTSD.</p>","PeriodicalId":20235,"journal":{"name":"Physiological research","volume":"75 3","pages":"399-427"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13557533/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148448801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular Consequences of Late-Gestational Hypoxia in Adult Female Rat Offspring and the Effects of Maternal Ergothioneine Treatment.","authors":"K Babarikova, D Cvikova, H Mauer Sutovska, P Svitok, R Koprdova, M Piesova, M Mach, M Zeman, L Molcan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prenatal hypoxia (PH) predisposes offspring to cardiovascular diseases. While maternal antioxidant treatment can normalize blood pressure (BP) in offspring, it typically requires high doses that may harm both mother and fetus. The antioxidant ergothioneine (ERG), noted for its very low toxicity, has emerged as a promising candidate. Because PH-induced changes have been primarily studied in male offspring, this study was performed to investigate the impact of maternal ERG treatment and late-gestational PH on cardiovascular outcomes in adult female rat offspring. Pregnant Wistar rats were exposed to 10.5 % O2 for 4 h on gestational days (GDs) 19 and 20. Adult offspring were implanted with telemetry sensors for continuous BP and heart rate (HR) monitoring. In a second experiment, pregnant rats received ERG (35 mg/kg/day) from GD6 until delivery, and on GD20 were exposed to 10.5 % O2 for 12 h. Cardiac and renal protein expression in adult offspring was analysed by western blot. PH offspring exhibited lower HR and BP responses to restraint stress than did controls. PH increased the low-to-high frequency ratio (a marker of sympathovagal balance; P=0.051) and the standard deviation of normal-to-normal interbeat intervals (P=0.024). Despite normal cardiovascular parameters at rest, late-gestational PH programmed subtle yet lasting changes in sympathovagal balance and impaired cardiovascular reactivity to stress in adult female offspring. ERG upregulated beta1-adrenergic receptor and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, particularly in the PH group. This selective effect highlights ERG's potential as a targeted antioxidant intervention against harmful prenatal conditions. Key words Ergothioneine \" Prenatal hypoxia \" Female \" Cardiovascular \" Telemetry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20235,"journal":{"name":"Physiological research","volume":"75 3","pages":"429-441"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13557535/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148448759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microsensors for a Quick Detection of Tissue Functional Age and Precision Medicine.","authors":"Rossella Sperlongano, Michal Vjaclovský, Si Chen, Martin Michálek, Lucie Blažková, Aleksei Pashchenko, Leontýna Varvařovská, Andrea Findelarova, Bruno Sopko, Taťána Jarošíková, Alois Nečas, Evžen Amler","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This proof-of-concept-study presents a novel microsensor based on specifically grafted functionalized glass for detection of low concentrated biomarkers in human fluids, gels, and for liquid biopsy. The device integrates functionalized nanofibers with grafted glass, creating an easy-to-use, rapid, and cost-effective biosensor. The approach combines fractionated nanofiber membranes with functionalized surfaces and light-scattering analysis on grafted glass which serves as a signal enhancer for data evaluation by light scattering. This method offers a novel tool for a quick evaluation of low concentrated protein samples. Experimental validation in this study confirmed its ability to identify low-abundance markers, supporting applications in precision medicine, tissue functional age assessment, and bacterial monitoring. Compared with conventional laboratory assays, optical sensors built on functionalized glass enable rapid, sensitive, and multiplexed biomarker detection directly at the point of care. We observed distinct changes in light transmittance caused by specific interactions between microsized particles and antibodies immobilized on the glass surface. This principle can also be applied to the direct detection of micrometer-scale systems such as bacteria, enabling fast urine analysis. Key words Biosensors \" Nanofibers \" Biomarkers \" Precision medicine \" Tissue aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":20235,"journal":{"name":"Physiological research","volume":"75 3","pages":"613-623"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13557544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148448822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variations in Pulse-Oxygen Saturation and Physical Development within the First 2 Hours after Birth Among Healthy Term Neonates Different Altitudes.","authors":"K Du, Y-L Yang, G-Y Li, H Mao, M-C Qin, Y-Z Lai, C-R Zhuo-Ma, Y-F Li, X-M Lu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to examine early postnatal changes in pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) and physical growth parameters during the first 2 hours following birth among healthy term neonates born at varying altitudes. A total of 963 healthy term neonates delivered in five regions at varying altitudes were enrolled. SpO2 levels were measured at multiple time points within the initial 2-hour postnatal period. Physical measurements including birth weight, body length, and weight-to-length ratio, were assessed and compared across altitudinal groups. Significant differences in SpO2 values were identified among neonates born at different altitudes (p < 0.05). SpO2 demonstrated a time-dependent increase following birth, with a general decrease in saturation levels observed at higher altitudes. No statistically significant differences were found in birth weight or weight-to-length ratio between groups. However, body length differed significantly across regions (p < 0.001). Healthy term neonates experience progressive increases in SpO2 during the early postnatal period, irrespective of altitude. Neonates residing at high altitudes, including those of Tibetan ethnicity, exhibit favorable physical development indicators.</p>","PeriodicalId":20235,"journal":{"name":"Physiological research","volume":"75 2","pages":"285-292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13225439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148034451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Serum SFRP1 Levels and Coronary Artery Calcification in Stage 5D Chronic Kidney Disease Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis.","authors":"H Chen, J Jin, M Cheng, Z Niu, S Zhang, Y Bai, G Zhang, J Xu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to examine the association between serum Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 1 (SFRP1) levels and the presence of coronary artery calcification (CAC) in patients with Stage 5D chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). A case-control study was conducted involving 76 patients with CKD Stage 5D undergoing MHD. Participants were stratified into three groups based on Coronary Artery Calcium Scores (CACS): non-calcified (CACS < 100), low-score calcification (100 ? CACS ? 400), and high-score calcification (CACS > 400). Serum concentrations of SFRP1, hemoglobin, albumin, ferritin, C-reactive protein (CRP), calcium, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and intact parathyroid hormone were measured. Correlations between biochemical parameters and CAC were evaluated, and multivariate linear regression analysis was employed to identify independent risk factors for CAC. CAC was detected in 60.5 % of the study population. Serum SFRP1 concentrations were significantly elevated in the high-score calcification group compared to both the low-score and non-calcified groups, with the lowest levels observed in the non-calcified group (p < 0.01). Positive correlations were observed between CAC and serum levels of SFRP1 levels, phosphorus, age, hemoglobin, alkaline phosphatase, and age. Multivariate linear regression analysis identified serum SFRP1 and phosphorus levels as independent risk factors for CAC in this population (p < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that serum SFRP1 levels yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.898 (95 % CI: 0.826-0.970, p < 0.0001) for predicting CAC, with a Youden index of 0.738 at a cut-off value of 4.242 ng/ml. Elevated serum SFRP1 levels were associated with an increased likelihood of CAC in patients with Stage 5D CKD undergoing MHD. These findings suggest that SFRP1 may represent a potential biomarker for identifying patients at risk for CAC in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":20235,"journal":{"name":"Physiological research","volume":"75 2","pages":"277-284"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13225440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148034327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Motor Learning Abilities Using Balance Training in Young and Senior Women.","authors":"K Kotková, Y Angerová","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Motor skills learning is particularly relevant in rehabilitation settings, where patients often need to relearn movements that were lost due to injury or disease. The aim of the study was to assess the ability of motor learning in elder age, using balance training on a stabilometric platform (Homebalance) with visual biofeedback. Both the experimental group (senior women) and the control group (young adult women) underwent the same balance training program, after which demonstrated improvements in velocity and accuracy of movements changing position of center of gravity (COG). The groups differed in the absolute values of the times achieved, but the improvement during training showed similar dynamics. The initial improvement phase lasts approximately the same amount of time for young and old participants. The next training period (from the 6th week) shows a slower (still statistically significant) improvement dynamic in the young adult women group and a minimum improvement in the senior women group. All participants in both groups exhibited greater balance control following the intervention - both groups were able to apply their improved skills even in a non-trainable sequence with random target appearance. The results demonstrate that motor learning of balance skills using visual biofeedback is possible even in the elderly population, and that the dynamics of the process is similar in young and older people.</p>","PeriodicalId":20235,"journal":{"name":"Physiological research","volume":"75 2","pages":"365-373"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13225447/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148034371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prophylactic Effect of Echinacoside on PIPN by Inhibiting Spinal Neuroinflammation and Exerting Neuroprotective Effects.","authors":"X Bai, C Sun, K Song, X Zhou, L Wang, X Li, Q Zhou","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Paclitaxel leads to peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) in approximately 50 % of cancer patients. At present, there are no effective treatment strategies, and the mechanisms of which also remain unclear. Echinacoside (ECH), a natural compound with known neuroprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, holds significant therapeutic potential for PIPN. However, the precise mechanism of its action remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of echinacoside in a mouse model of neuropathic pain induced by paclitaxel, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Administration of paclitaxel (2.0 mg/kg on four alternate days) induced acute mechanical /cold/thermal hypersensitivity in mice. Treatment with echinacoside significantly alleviated pain behavior. Furthermore, paclitaxel led to microglia and astrocyte activation and upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 in the spinal cord. These neuroinflammatory responses were reversed by echinacoside treatment. Additionally, echinacoside can attenuate the loss of hind paw nerve fibers induced by paclitaxel administration. Our findings demonstrate that echinacoside reduces paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain by attenuating microglia and astrocyte reactivity, neuroinflammatory processes in spinal cord and alleviating the loss of peripheral nerve fibers.</p>","PeriodicalId":20235,"journal":{"name":"Physiological research","volume":"75 2","pages":"375-383"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13225448/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148034288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of the Effects of Herbal Medicines on the Conductance of Ion Channels.","authors":"M A Rajizadeh, S Joukar, F Rostamzadeh, M D Zaboli","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Experimental evidence indicates that several phytochemicals can modulate ion channels currents, probably improving disorders linked to ion channels in cardiovascular, neurological, and gastrointestinal systems. This review critically evaluates the experimental evidence regarding the effects of bioactive phytochemicals from medicinal plants on ion channels properties. This review primarily focused on the beneficial effects of plant-derived bioactive agents on ion channels implicated in cardiovascular, neurological, and gastrointestinal disorders, specifically cardiac arrhythmias, epilepsy, anxiety, pain, and visceral smooth muscle dysfunction. Relevant literatures up to 2024 were gathered through comprehensive searches across multiple electronic databases. The results indicate that near 50 medicinal plants and their derivatives can modulate the conductivity of various Ca2+, K+, Na+, and Cl- ion channels, alter the electrical properties of excitable cells, and affect the functional features of tissues and organ systems. These observations provide a foundational framework for researchers, health professionals and drug developers seeking to understand how botanical compounds impacts the functionality of ion channels.</p>","PeriodicalId":20235,"journal":{"name":"Physiological research","volume":"75 2","pages":"203-244"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13225443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148034311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1alpha/BNIP3-Mediated Mitochondrial Autophagy in Septic Cardiomyopathy: Protective Mechanism for Cardiac Function.","authors":"Q-Q Liu, Y-C Chen, C-C Zhao, Z-J Hu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to examine the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) in septic cardiomyopathy (SCM), focusing on its regulatory function in mitochondrial autophagy. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with SCM were identified through analysis of the GSE79962 dataset. Mitochondrial autophagy-related genes were retrieved from the GeneCards database. Genes common to both datasets were identified using Venn diagram analysis, followed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. A murine model of SCM was established via intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Mice were subsequently treated with either dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) a HIF-1alpha stabilizer, or 3-methyladenine (3-MA), an inhibitor of mitochondrial autophagy. Cardiac function, myocardial injury, inflammatory response, mitochondrial integrity, and expression levels of HIF-1alpha and mitochondrial autophagy markers were assessed using echocardiography, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, and western blot analysis. KEGG pathway analysis indicated significant enrichment of the overlapping genes in the HIF-1 signaling pathway. In vivo, DMOG administration stabilized HIF-1alpha expression and upregulated Bcl-2-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3), thereby enhancing mitochondrial autophagy. This enhancement was associated with reduced myocardial enzyme release and inflammatory cytokine production, as well as improvements in mitochondrial ultrastructure, myocardial histopathology, and cardiac function. In contrast, 3-MA inhibited mitochondrial autophagy and attenuated the myocardial protective effects associated with HIF-1alpha stabilization. Activation of the HIF-1alpha/BNIP3 signaling axis promotes mitochondrial autophagy and confers protective on cardiac function in septic cardiomyopathy. These findings present a potential mechanistic pathway and therapeutic target for mitigating myocardial injury associated with septic cardiomyopathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":20235,"journal":{"name":"Physiological research","volume":"75 2","pages":"301-314"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13225450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148034380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular Effects of Early and Postponed Statin Treatment After Ovariectomy in Prediabetic Rat.","authors":"T Hlinka, M Huttl, H Malinska, I Markova, D Miklankova, H Bartuskova, J Pitha","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated the effects of early and postponed statin therapy after ovariectomy on the cardiovascular system in an experimental model of insulin resistance (hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rats). Thirty hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rats were ovariectomized at 9 weeks of age. Two groups received atorvastatin (5 mg/kg) from the 2nd (early statin) or 14th (postponed statin) week after ovariectomy; the control group received no therapy. Arterial strain was measured by duplex ultrasound at week 21 post ovariectomy. The experiment was terminated at week 22, when the expression of vascular genes was measured together with metabolic and inflammatory parameters associated with the cardiovascular system. Atorvastatin treatment had no positive effect on arterial strain and caused mixed metabolic changes including increased content of triglycerides in striated muscles, and decreased serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, fasting glycemia, serum triglycerides and non-esterified fatty acids. The postponed statin group exhibited significantly higher endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression in the myocardium compared to the early statin group, whereas aortic expression was lower in both groups and serum interleukin 6 was moderately decreased. Neither early nor postponed statin therapy improved arterial strain. Early/prolonged atorvastatin treatment was associated with decreased aortic eNOS expression and increased muscle triglyceride content. Postponed/shorter treatment increased myocardial eNOS expression but decreased connexin-43. These findings suggest that in a metabolically impaired state, the timing and duration of statin therapy can result in complex and opposing organ-specific effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":20235,"journal":{"name":"Physiological research","volume":"75 2","pages":"245-255"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13225444/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148034374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}