Physiological research最新文献

{"title":"Colored Light Exposure Ensues Chronotype-Based Responses: Evidence From QEEG Analysis.","authors":"V Vani, P Ojha, M A Gadhvi, A Dixit","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Light spectra, an imperative zeitgeber, may differ in its chronobiological effects among chronotype ensuing differences in circadian pacesetting. With the increasing usage of colored lights in the environment, the effects of light wavelength on the electrical activity of the brain among chronotypes need to be investigated. Healthy participants (N=24) were recruited to morning, intermediate, and evening chronotype groups using the composite scale for morningness scores. They were exposed to randomized brief sessions of red, green, blue, and white light preceded by 15 min of darkness. EEG was recorded in all sessions. The power spectrum was estimated for alpha, beta, theta, and delta waves from different regions of the scalp and compared among the groups. The morning and evening chronotype had statistically significantly higher mean delta power than intermediate chronotype in colored light. Evening chronotype showed a statistically significantly higher mean beta power than the intermediate chronotype (p=0.013) in green light. Intermediate chronotype had statistically significantly higher mean alpha power than morning (p=0.029) and evening chronotype (p=0.009) in red light. The results show a significant effect of the spectral property of light on brain waves in chronotypes. The green light is more effective in alerting evening chronotypes. The finding of the present study may be applicable in research pertinent to brain imaging in chronotypes especially with red, green, and blue light exposure and chromotherapy-based interventions in affective and psychiatric conditions. Key words Circadian rhythm \" Color of light \" Light and chronotype \" Wavelength of light \" EEG in chronotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20235,"journal":{"name":"Physiological research","volume":"74 3","pages":"519-527"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Mental Stress is Associated With Altered Pupillary Light Reflex.","authors":"Z Visnovcova, N Ferencova, I Tonhajzerova","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pupillary light reflex (PLR), i.e. pupil constriction in response to light stimulus, offers a sensitive index of parasympathetic nervous regulation. Yet, the studies on PLR in acute mental stress are rare. We aimed to study potential changes of PLR to acute mental stress in healthy young people with respect to sex. Thirty-eight participants (24 women, age: 22.95+/-0.19 yrs) were examined in a cross-sectional study under standard conditions. PLR parameters were measured separately for both eyes using PLR-2000 (NeurOptics, USA) before arithmetic test (baseline), immediately after arithmetic test, and after recovery period. Evaluated PLR parasympathetically-mediated parameters: pupil diameter (mm) before (initial value, INIT) and after illumination (peak of constriction, END), maximum constriction velocity (MCV), relative constriction amplitude (RCA). INIT and END diameters were significantly reduced immediately after mental stress and after recovery compared to baseline (left eye: INIT: p=0.044, p=0.035, respectively; END: p=0.004, p<0.001, respectively; right eye: INIT: p<0.001, p=0.002, respectively; END: p<0.001 for both comparisons). No significant differences were found in MCV and RCA. Moreover, the study established no significant changes in the assessed PLR parameters between sex throughout the stress protocol. Our study revealed that acute mental stress is associated with greater PLR-parasympathetic response resulting in prolonged pupil constriction. This finding could represent the first step for understanding the effect of cognitive processing on PLR under physiological conditions, before its clinical application. Key words Pupillary light reflex \" Acute mental stress \" Cognitive processing \" Parasympathetic nervous system \" Psychophysiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":20235,"journal":{"name":"Physiological research","volume":"74 3","pages":"529-535"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"miR-126-3p Protects Neonatal Rats With Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage Through Targeting LPR6 via PKC/ERK Signaling Pathway.","authors":"W Ma, H Li, L Zha, J Ma","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is a common factor in neonatal fatalities. miR-126-3p content in cerebral hemorrhage patients is obviously decreased, but its mechanism of action in HIBD is still unclear. The HIBD model was constructed by Rice-Vannucci method, and the change in miR-126-3p was detected. The target genes of miR-126-3p were obtained by database (miRWalk, TargetScan, miRTarbase and miRDB) analysis. The targeting relationship between miR-126-3p and low density lipoprotein receptor related protein (LRP6) was explored based on a dual luciferase assay. miR-126-3p over- and lowexpressed, LRP6 overexpressed and protein kinase C (PKC) pathway agonist phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) were injected into the brains of neonatal rats. The pathological changes in cerebral tissue and neuronal survival were observed by pathological staining. The neurological function was evaluated by foot fault test and wire suspension test. The levels of interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were tested by an ELISA kit. The levels of miR-126-3p, LRP6 and PKC/ERK pathway proteins were tested by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Knockdown of miR-126-3p can aggravate inflammation, brain tissue pathology and neurological impairment in HIBD, while miR-126-3p overexpression can improve it. miR-126-3p can target down-regulate LRP6. miR-126-3p can improve HIBD by down-regulating LRP6 expression and activating the PKC/ERK signaling pathway. miR-126-3p can target down-regulate LRP6 by activating the PKC/ERK signaling pathway to inhibit inflammation in HIBD rats, reduce brain tissue pathology and neurological damage, and improve HIBD. Key words miR-126-3p \" LPR6 \" PKC/ERK pathway \" Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":20235,"journal":{"name":"Physiological research","volume":"74 3","pages":"503-517"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CORRIGENDUM Bergaptol Ameliorates Insulin Sensitivity in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus by Inhibiting the Inflammatory Pathway in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats.","authors":"Q Li, J Chen, X Wang, L Zhuang, Z Yu, D Yang","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Qianrong LI1, Jin CHEN1, Xiaoyin WANG1, Lin ZHUANG1, Zhi YU1, Dan YANG1 1Department of Obstetrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China Physiol Res 2025 Mar 24;74(1):93-104. doi: 10.33549/physiolres.935474. PMID: 40126146 The authors requested to correct the name of the Ethical Committee and the Acknowledgement. Gestational diabetes induction Animal protocol was approved by Ethical Review Committee of Sichuan Laboratory Animal Society SCAF20250425001. Healthy female SD rats (180-210 g) were housed under controlled condition as per guideline. Animals were feed with high fat diet for the duration of eight-week [18], Female rats were mated with male rats by keeping them in cage at 2:1 ratio and presence of sperm in vagina confirm by observing it in microscope, the day is counted as day 0 of protocol. Later STZ (25 mg/kg) was injected i.p. after 12 h of fasting [19], blood glucose was estimated for 72 h. Rats with 200 mg/dl of blood glucose considered as GD. Acknowledgements All the author of given review thankful to Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China for providing facility to conduct presented work.</p>","PeriodicalId":20235,"journal":{"name":"Physiological research","volume":"74 3","pages":"537"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic Changes of Selected Signaling Molecules in Ovaries Following Early-Life Exposure to Fumonisin B1 in Wistar Rats in Association With DNA Methylation.","authors":"A Alhelaisi, S Nahdi, A Alhazmi, S Alwasel, A H Harrath","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>RThe mycotoxin fumonisin B1 (FB1) poses a significant global problem due to its presence in the food chain. This study aimed to investigate the intergenerational effects of FB1 on epigenetic changes and the corresponding signaling pathways in rat ovaries. Specifically, we examined the expression levels of DNA methyl-transferase (Dnmt3b) and the Pi3kK/Akt/mTOR/Ampk pathway. Virgin Wistar albino female rats were divided into control and FB1 treatment (doses of 20 and 50 mg/kg body weight/day) groups and monitored from day 6 of pregnancy until delivery. Female rats from the first (F1) and second (F2) generations were euthanized at 4 weeks of age, and their ovaries were collected. In addition to histopathological damage, there was a significant dose-dependent increase in Dnmt3b protein in the ovaries of F1 females (p=0.0022 and p<0.0001, respectively), but not in those of F2 females. Furthermore, overexpression of the PI3K gene was observed only in the high-dose FB1 group in both the F1 and F2 generations. In F2, significant gene overexpression of Akt was observed in the high-dose FB1 group, while no effect was observed in F1. Both treated groups of F1 females showed significant repression of the mTOR gene, whereas no effect was observed in F2 females. In addition, FB1 did not have a significant effect on the expression of the Ampk gene in either treatment group in either generation. We conclude that early-life exposure to FB1 may directly impact the ovarian function of female rats by altering methylation patterns and Pi3k/Akt/mTOR pathway in first- generation females. However, this effect appears to be recoverable in the second-generation females. Key words Mycotoxin \" Fumonisin B1 \" Epigenetic \" Signaling pathway \" Methylation \" Ovary.</p>","PeriodicalId":20235,"journal":{"name":"Physiological research","volume":"74 3","pages":"493-502"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capsaicin-assessed cough reflex in asthma patients.","authors":"M Neuschlova, P Kunc, R Pecova","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cough reflex is a primary defensive mechanism for airway protection. Cough disorders are characterized by a change in the threshold for initiating the cough reflex. Various afferent inputs influence the onset and sensitivity of the cough reflex. The study aimed to determine and compare the cough reflex sensitivity between adults with asthma and healthy adults with no history of allergic, respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, or endocrine diseases, using European Respiratory Society guidelines on the assessment of cough. We created a group of 52 healthy volunteers (mean age 33.8 years) to serve as a control group for future research into the cough reflex in defined patient groups in upcoming clinical-physiological studies. We found that in the group of healthy volunteers, the threshold concentration of capsaicin required to elicit at least two coughs (C2) was 8.46 micromol/l, while the threshold concentration for inducing at least five coughs (C5) was 26.62 micromol/l. We then compared the reactivity of afferent nerve endings in the airways of healthy adults and adults with asthma by evaluating the differences in the concentrations of capsaicin that elicited C2 and C5 in these two groups. In a group of 19 asthmatic adults (mean age 33 years), the threshold concentration of capsaicin required to induce C2 was 2.03 micromol/l, while the threshold concentration for C5 was 3.02 micromol/l. We demonstrated a significant increase in cough reflex sensitivity in adults with asthma, expressed as the C2 capsaicin concentration (P<0.01) and the C5 concentration (P<0.001). Key words Cough \" Cough reflex sensitivity \" Capsaicin \" Asthma.</p>","PeriodicalId":20235,"journal":{"name":"Physiological research","volume":"74 3","pages":"431-438"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144691280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of carvacrol on diabetes-induced oxidative stress, fibrosis and apoptosis in testicular tissues of adult rats.","authors":"B Gültekin, S Çetinkaya Karabekir, I Çinar Ayan, H B Savaş, G Cüce, S S Kalkan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic and widespread disease that negatively affects the male reproductive system. Carvacrol (CAR), a naturally occurring flavonoid in plants, exhibits various biological and pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of CAR on testicular tissue damage induced by diabetes, which was modeled by Streptozotocin (STZ) administration. Thirty-two male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: Group 1: Control (n=8), Group 2: DM (n=8), Group 3: DM+DMSO (0.1 % dimethyl sulfoxide) (n=8), and Group 4: DM+CAR (20 mg/kg) (n=8). Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal STZ injection (50 mg/kg). Histological changes were assessed using Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) staining and the Johnsen scoring system. Apoptosis was evaluated through immunohistochemical staining for the mitochondrial apoptosis markers Bax and Bcl-2, as well as RT-qPCR analysis of their gene expression levels. Fibrosis assessment involved Masson-Trichrome staining and RT-qPCR analysis of mRNA levels for the COL1A1 and COL3A1 genes. Additionally, Total Oxidant Status (TOS), Total Antioxidant Status (TAS), Oxidative Stress Index (OSI), and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels were measured in testicular tissue. CAR treatment significantly improved histological alterations associated with diabetes-induced testicular damage. DM was found to increase Bax levels while reducing Bcl-2 levels, whereas CAR reduced Bax levels and increased Bcl-2 gene and protein expression. TOS and OSI levels were elevated in the DM group, whereas TAS levels increased in the DM+CAR group. No significant differences in CRP levels were observed between the groups. These findings suggest that CAR may be effective in mitigating diabetes-induced testicular damage. Key words Diabetes Mellitus \" Experimental \" Testis \" Carvacrol \" Apoptosis \" Fibrosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":20235,"journal":{"name":"Physiological research","volume":"74 3","pages":"459-469"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144691281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraventricular spring expander attenuates cardiac atrophy of the failing heart after unloading caused by heterotopic heart transplantation: no sex-linked differences.","authors":"D M Kolesár, I Mrázová, P Kujal, M Pokorný, P Škaroupková, J Sadowski, M Šnorek, Z Čermák, K Volenec, B Szeiffová Bačová, M Sýkora, L Červenka, I Netuka","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiac atrophy is the most common complication of prolonged application of the left ventricle (LV) assist device (LVAD) in patients with advanced heart failure (HF), obviously, it is a consequence of LVAD-induced mechanical unloading. Previous studies employing heterotopic heart transplantation (HTx) as a model of heart unloading after LVAD implantation discovered sex-linked differences in the course of unloading-induced in the healthy hearts. It remains to be clarified if sex-related differences are present in the failing hearts after heterotopic HTx. Therefore, we first compared the course of unloading-induced cardiac atrophy in the failing hearts in intact (without gonadectomy) male and female rats, and in animals after gonadectomy, to explore the influence of sex hormones on this process. Second, we examined if the animal's sex modifies the effects of increased isovolumic loading of the LV on the course of unloading-induced cardiac atrophy. Heterotopic abdominal heart transplantation (HTx) was used as a rat model of heart unloading. HF was induced by volume overload achieved by creation of aorto-caval fistula. Increased isovolumic loading was obtained by implantation of specially designed three-branch spring expander into the LV. The degree of cardiac atrophy was assessed as the whole heart weight (HW) ratio of the heterotopically transplanted to the native control heart. We found that decreases in HW after HTx were similar in intact male and female rats, similarly in intact and gonadectomized animals. Implantation of the expander significantly and comparably reduced decreases in HW in male and in female rats. We conclude that there are no sex-linked differences in the development of unloading-induced cardiac atrophy in the failing hearts. Our results also show that enhanced isovolumic heart loading obtained using the spring expander attenuates the development of unloading-induced cardiac atrophy in the failing hearts; the degree of attenuation is similar in both sexes. Key words Heart failure \" Cardiac atrophy \" Sex differences \" Heterotopic heart transplantation \" Mechanical heart unloading.</p>","PeriodicalId":20235,"journal":{"name":"Physiological research","volume":"74 3","pages":"373-392"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144691282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism study of acupuncture and acupuncture combined with medication in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.","authors":"X Zhang, Y Kang, T Li","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disorder. Currently, the global incidence of UC has significantly increased. Traditional treatment methods are relatively limited, with generally poor efficacy and many side effects. In contrast, acupuncture holds great promise due to its significant efficacy, reduced relapse rate, and minimal side effects. In recent years, basic research on acupuncture treatment for UC has achieved substantial progress. However, the specific targets and pathways involved are still unclear. Therefore, this review aims to summarize and consolidate the mechanisms of acupuncture and acupuncture combined with drug therapy for UC. We primarily review the mechanisms of acupuncture treatment for UC from two aspects: intestinal inflammation and intestinal barrier. In terms of intestinal inflammation, acupuncture improves UC by regulating various inflammatory molecules such as TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-10, NF-kappaB, and immune cells such as neutrophils, Th1, Th2, Treg, Th17. Concerning the intestinal barrier, we focus on the impact of acupuncture on the damage to intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Moreover, acupuncture also possesses the capacity to reshape the gut microbiota, thereby repairing the biological barrier. Furthermore, the combination of acupuncture and medication for treating UC is a promising direction, which requires further exploration by researchers. This review thoroughly explains the molecular mechanisms of acupuncture in treating UC, establishing a foundation for further research on the effectiveness of acupuncture in UC treatment and offering a new perspective on the combination of acupuncture and medication. Key words Acupuncture \" Electroacupuncture \" Ulcerative colitis \" Intestinal inflammation \" Intestinal barrier.</p>","PeriodicalId":20235,"journal":{"name":"Physiological research","volume":"74 3","pages":"359-372"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144691283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of L-cysteine/H2S pathway in CaSRs-mediated relaxations in mouse bladder tissue.","authors":"F Aydinoglu, K Gonbe, N Ogulener","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The activation of Calcium-Sensing Receptors (CaSRs) reduces detrusor activity in bladder tissues. Also, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) produces in bladder tissue and regulates the bladder smooth muscles tone. However, there is no evidence of the interaction between CaSRs and H2S in bladder tissue. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible contribution of L-cysteine/H2S pathway in CaSRs-mediated relaxation responses in isolated mouse bladder tissue. CaCl2 (1, 2, 3, 5, 10 mM) was applied to isolated mouse bladder tissues pre-contracted with carbachol (1 microM). CaCl2-induced relaxations were performed in the presence of PAG (10 mM), AOAA (1 mM), and Calhex-231 (5 microM), cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE), cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS) and CaSR inhibitor, respectively. L-cysteine (1 microM-10 mM), an H2S substrate, was used to induced a concentration-dependent relaxant response in isolated bladder tissues pre-contracted with carbachol. L-cysteine induced relaxations were performed in the presence of PAG (CSE inhibitor, 10 mM), AOAA (CBS inhibitor, 1 mM) and Calhex-231 (CaSR inhibitor, 5 microM). CaCl2-induced relaxations were decreased by PAG and AOAA. Also, Calhex-231 decreased the CaCl2-induced relaxant responses. L-cysteine-induced relaxant responses were reduced in the presence of PAG (10 mM) and AOAA (1 mM). Calhex-231 (5 microM) caused a significant decrease in L-cysteine-induced relaxations. Also, Calhex-231 reduced the increase in H2S production in the presence of L-cysteine. In addition, CaCl2 increased basal H2S generation, and PAG (10 mM), AOAA (1 mM) and Calhex-231 (5 microM) reduced the increase in H2S production stimulated with CaCl2. In conclusion, CSE and CBS-derived endogenous H2S formation may, at least in part, contribute to CaSR-mediated relaxation responses, and CaSRs involve in endogenous H2S relaxation responses in isolated mouse bladder tissue. Key words Bladder o CaSRs \" Calhex-231 \" Hydrogen sulfide \" L-cysteine \" Mouse.</p>","PeriodicalId":20235,"journal":{"name":"Physiological research","volume":"74 3","pages":"449-458"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144691321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}