Plant Cell Reports最新文献

{"title":"Pectin methylesterase inhibitor 58 negatively regulates ray petal elongation by inhibiting cell expansion in Gerbera hybrida.","authors":"Najin Xiao, Xiaohui Lin, Shuyi Situ, Xiaojing Wang, Yaqin Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00299-025-03434-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00299-025-03434-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>GhPMEI58 is a functional pectin methylesterase inhibitor, negatively regulates ray petal elongation by inhibiting cell expansion. Petal size plays a crucial role in the quality of ornamental flowers, which is largely determined by cell expansion. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling this trait are still unknown. In this study, we reported GhPMEI58 (pectin methylesterase inhibitor 58), a functional pectin methylesterase inhibitor, negatively regulates ray petal elongation by inhibiting cell expansion. The expression of GhPMEI58 was found to be highest in ray florets and increased with ray petal elongation. Subcellular localization analysis showed that the GhPMEI58 protein is localized on the cell membrane. By stably overexpressing GhPMEI58 in Arabidopsis, we detected a decrease in pectin methylesterase activity in roots and flowers, and an increase in the degree of pectin methylation, indicating that GhPMEI58 functions as a pectin methylesterase inhibitor. Further transient overexpression and virus-induced gene silencing experiments in gerbera ray florets confirmed that GhPMEI58 is a negative regulator of ray petal elongation. Additionally, the activity assay of pectin methylesterase showed it has a trend of first rising and then falling during ray floret development. This study explores the regulatory mechanism of ray petal elongation in gerbera from the perspective of cell wall methylesterification modification, providing valuable information for improving gerbera varieties and breeding superior cultivars.</p>","PeriodicalId":20204,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Reports","volume":"44 2","pages":"47"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and characterization of GRAS genes in passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) revealed their roles in development regulation and stress response.","authors":"Xinkai Cai, Denglin Li, Chaojia Liu, Jiayi Chen, Xiuqing Wei, Sitong Hu, Lin Lu, Shengzhen Chen, Qinglong Yao, Shiyu Xie, Xiaowen Xu, Ruoyu Liu, Yuan Qin, Ping Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s00299-025-03432-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00299-025-03432-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>Twenty-nine GRAS genes were identified in passion fruit, the N-terminal regions and 3D (three-dimensional) structures were closely related with their tissue-specific expression patterns. Candidate PeGRASs for enhancing stress resistance were identified. Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) is a tropical fruit crop with significant edible and ornamental value, but its growth and development are highly sensitive to environmental conditions. The plant-specific GRAS gene family plays critical roles in regulating growth, development, and stress responses. Here, we performed the first comprehensive analysis of the GRAS gene family in passion fruit. A total of 29 GRAS genes were identified and named PeGRAS1 to PeGRAS29 based on their chromosomal locations. Phylogenetic analysis using GRAS proteins from passion fruit, Arabidopsis, and rice revealed that PeGRAS proteins could be classified into 10 subfamilies. Compared to Arabidopsis, passion fruit lacked members from the LAS subfamily but gained one GRAS member (PeGRAS9) clustered with the rice-specific Os4 subfamily. Structural analysis performed in silico revealed that most PeGRAS members were intron less and exhibited conserved motif patterns near the C-terminus, while the N-terminal regions varied in sequence length and composition. Members within certain subfamilies including DLT, PAT1, and LISCL with similar unstructured N-terminal regions and 3D structures, exhibited similar tissue-specific expression patterns. While PeGRAS members with difference in these structural features, even within the same subfamily (e.g., DELLA), displayed distinct expression patterns. These findings highlighted that the N-terminal regions of GRAS proteins may be critical for their specific functions. Moreover, many PeGRAS members, particularly those from the PAT1 subfamily, were widely involved in stress responses, with PeGRAS19 and PeGRAS26 likely playing roles in cold tolerance, and PeGRAS25 and PeGRAS28 in drought resistance. This study provides a foundation for further functional research on PeGRASs and offers potential candidates for molecular breeding aimed at enhancing stress tolerance in passion fruit.</p>","PeriodicalId":20204,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Reports","volume":"44 2","pages":"46"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143066683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic insight into zinc dependency of vindoline accumulation in Catharanthus roseus leaves: relevance and potential role of a CrZIP.","authors":"Seema Yadav, Srusti Badajena, Puja Khare, Velusamy Sundaresan, Karuna Shanker, Daya N Mani, Ashutosh K Shukla","doi":"10.1007/s00299-025-03427-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00299-025-03427-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>Foliar-applied Zn on Catharanthus roseus enhanced production of vindoline, the main impediment precursor for costly anticancer bisindoles. A leaf-abundant CrZIP was characterized for likely role in modulating vindoline metabolism. The leaf-localized Catharanthus roseus alkaloid, vindoline, is the major impediment precursor in the production of scanty and expensive anticancer bisindoles, vinblastine and vincristine. Earlier studies have hinted toward the role of micronutrients in its accumulation. Here, the effect of various micronutrients on the leaf vindoline content was analyzed. Foliar application of zinc (Zn, 100 ppm) was found to be most effective for enhancing the vindoline content. Comparison of leaf samples of Zn-treated and control plants was performed using paired-end transcriptome sequencing and promising candidates among the differentially expressed genes were identified. A zinc-regulated, iron-regulated transporter-like proteins (ZIP) family member, which was found to be upregulated in Zn-treated samples, was taken up for functional characterization. Complementation of the zrt1/zrt2 yeast mutant (ZHY3) by CrZIP suggested that it encodes a functional Zn transporter. VIGS and transient overexpression of CrZIP in C. roseus showed a direct relationship between its expression and vindoline content. GFP fusion-based subcellular localization indicated chloroplast localization of CrZIP. Previously, vindoline biosynthesis has been reported to be dependent on intact chloroplasts. The chloroplast localization of CrZIP and its direct relationship with vindoline content in this study identifies the possible role of CrZIP, in modulating zinc-induced vindoline accumulation in the plant.</p>","PeriodicalId":20204,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Reports","volume":"44 2","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143066978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global identification and regulatory network analysis reveal the significant roles of lncRNAs during anther and pollen development in Arabidopsis.","authors":"Dong Zhou, Ruiqi Song, Yuan Fang, Rui Liu, Chenjiang You, Yijie Wang, Li Huang","doi":"10.1007/s00299-024-03412-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00299-024-03412-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>A high-throughput sequencing identified 1283 lncRNAs in anthers at different stages in Arabidopsis and their relationship with protein-coding genes and miRNAs during anther and pollen development were analyzed. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important regulatory molecules involved in various biological processes. However, their roles in male reproductive development and interactions with miRNAs remained elusive. In this study, a high-throughput sequencing of anthers at different developmental stages in Arabidopsis identified 1283 lncRNAs including 524 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs). Most of these DELs exhibited positive correlations with the expression patterns of adjacent protein-coding genes. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that protein-coding genes targeted by DELs in four modules related to the tetrad stage were associated with functions such as pollen wall formation, pollen germination, or pollen tube growth, respectively. Furthermore, five, 10, and 11 lncRNAs were predicted as miRNAs' endogenous target mimics (eTMs), precursors, and natural antisense transcripts of pri-miRNA, respectively. Remarkably, the lncRNA, host gene of ath-miR167a (ath-miR167aHG), predicted as the precursor of miR167a, was selected for function validation. Its overexpression resulted in the up-regulation of miR167a and the subsequent down-regulation of miR167a's target genes ARF6 and ARF8, demonstrating a functional interaction between ath-miR167aHG and miR167a. The transgenic plants showed delayed flowering, shorter filaments, abnormal anther dehiscence, and undeveloped siliques ultimately, suggesting a role of ath-miR167aHG in male reproductive development. Collectively, our research shed new light on the functions of lncRNAs in male reproductive development and uncovered the unique interactions between lncRNAs and miRNAs.</p>","PeriodicalId":20204,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Reports","volume":"44 2","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143066286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide identification of carboxyesterase family members reveals the function of GeCXE9 in the catabolism of parishin A in Gastrodia elata.","authors":"Yaxing Yan, Mei Jiang, Xiao Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00299-025-03426-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00299-025-03426-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>GeCXE9 can catalyze the hydrolysis of parishin A via two pathways during the medicinal processing of Gastrodia elata. Gastrodia elata Bl. is used in traditional Chinese medicine for its bioactive compounds, particularly phenols. The molecular mechanisms of phenols formation and regulation remain to be fully explored. Here, we identified 13 GeCXE genes in G. elata. These members were mapped to eight chromosomes and possessed motifs necessary for catalysis. Phylogenetic analyses grouped them into four categories, supported by gene structure and motif composition. The cis-acting elements analysis indicated most GeCXEs contained elements associated with plant hormones or stress response. In vitro expression experiments revealed that GeCXE9 can catalyze the hydrolysis of parishin A via two pathways, producing parishin B and parishin C, respectively. Whereas in the absence of GeCXE9, parishin A is hydrolyzed solely to parishin B. In conclusion, GeCXE9 plays a crucial role in determining the metabolic pathways of phenols in G. elata, and its discovery provides a viable approach for the artificial regulation of phenols in this species.</p>","PeriodicalId":20204,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Reports","volume":"44 2","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143067543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A bHLH transcription factor RrUNE12 regulates salt tolerance and promotes ascorbate synthesis.","authors":"Zhenying Yang, Ling Lin, Min Lu, Wentao Ma, Huaming An","doi":"10.1007/s00299-025-03428-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00299-025-03428-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>RrUNE12 binds to the RrGGP2 promoter to facilitate biosynthesis of AsA in Rosa roxburghii fruit. Furthermore, RrUNE12 upregulates antioxidant-related genes and maintains ROS homeostasis, thereby improving tolerance to salt stress. L-ascorbic acid (AsA) plays an essential role in stress defense as a major antioxidant in plant cells. GDP-L-galactose pyrophosphatase 2 (RrGGP2) has been previously identified as the key structural gene operating in AsA overproduction in Rosa roxburghii fruit. However, the transcriptional regulation of RrGGP2 in response to abiotic stress is not fully elucidated. In this study, we identified a bHLH transcription factor, RrUNE12, whose transcription level significantly correlated with RrGGP2 abundance and AsA accumulation in developing fruit. RrUNE12 is localized in the nucleus and specifically binds to the promoter of RrGGP2 to promote its transcription. The overexpression or silencing of RrUNE12 in R. roxburghii fruit and fruit callus further confirmed that RrUNE12 positively regulated RrGGP2 transcription and AsA level. Different abiotic stress treatments indicated that RrUNE12 was greatly induced by salt. Exogenous NaCl treatment on the RrUNE12-overexpressing or RrUNE12-silencing fruits also led to enhanced transcripts abundance of both RrUNE12 and RrGGP2, compared to the treatment without adding NaCl. RrUNE12 overexpression in fruit callus alleviated salt stress damage by upregulating the expression of RrGGP2 and antioxidant-related genes. Additionally, stable overexpression of RrUNE12 in tomato plants resulted in a significant increase in AsA content and antioxidant capacity, accompanied by an increased resistance to the salt stress. Collectively, the results suggest that RrUNE12 functions as an activator of AsA biosynthesis in R. roxburghii fruit and plays a positive role in mitigating salt stress by increasing both AsA level and the oxidation resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":20204,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Reports","volume":"44 2","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous site-directed mutagenesis for soybean ß-amyrin synthase genes via DNA-free CRISPR/Cas9 system using a single gRNA.","authors":"Hiroki Asa, Chikako Kuwabara, Kenji Matsumoto, Ryo Shigeta, Takaaki Yamamoto, Yu Masuda, Tetsuya Yamada","doi":"10.1007/s00299-025-03433-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00299-025-03433-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>We generated soybean mutants related to two ß-amyrin synthase genes using DNA-free site-directed mutagenesis system. Our results suggested that one of the genes is predominant in the soyasaponin biosynthesis. Soyasaponins, which are triterpenoid saponins contained in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merril], are responsible for the astringent aftertaste of soyfood, and their complete elimination from soybean seeds is a key challenge in the development of cultivars with improved taste. While the loss of function in the ß-amyrin synthase genes (GmBAS1 and GmBAS2) has proven effective in reducing soyasaponin content in soybean seeds, the specific functional roles of these genes remain unclear. In this study, site-directed mutagenesis was performed on two GmBAS loci using a DNA-free clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated endonuclease 9 (Cas9) system. A complex of sgRNA targeting sequences conserved in the two loci and Cas9 protein was introduced into the shoot apical meristems of soybean embryonic axes via bombardment. Cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (CAPS) analysis conducted 1 month post-bombardment revealed that 138 seedlings out of 1,467 screened exhibited mutations at one or both GmBAS loci. CAPS and sequencing analysis in the subsequent generation identified a total of 16 plants with inheritable mutations ranging from one to ten nucleotides. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that site-directed mutagenesis in the GmBAS1 locus resulted in the absence of soyasaponins in mature seeds, as well as in young roots, stems, and leaves. These findings demonstrate that GmBAS1 is the predominant ß-amyrin synthase gene in soybean plants. In addition, the DNA-free CRISPR/Cas9 system was shown to be highly efficient in inducing simultaneous mutagenesis at two target loci using a single gRNA.</p>","PeriodicalId":20204,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Reports","volume":"44 2","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143053288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytokinin negatively regulates tomato fruit ripening by influencing the ethylene pathway.","authors":"Mingjia Chen, Hui Zhang, Shanqi Cao, Mengying Song, Dexing Yin, Xi Wang, Manman Wei, Changhua Zhu, Na Yang, Lijun Gan","doi":"10.1007/s00299-025-03430-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00299-025-03430-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>Reducing endogenous CK levels accelerates fruit ripening in tomato by regulating ethylene biosynthesis and signalling pathway. Tomato is a typical climacteric fruit and is recognized as one of the most important horticultural crops globally. The ripening of tomato fruits is a complex process, highly regulated by phytohormones. Cytokinin (CK) is a hormone that primarily impacts the early development of fruit, however its influence on fruit ripening has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we used both wild-type Micro-Tom and transgenic tomato plants that overexpress AtCKX2, a CK degradation gene driven by the fruit-specific promoter Tfm7, to investigate the effect of CK on tomato fruit ripening. Our findings revealed that reducing endogenous CK levels in transgenic plants can accelerate the ripening process of tomato fruits. Premature activation of ethylene biosynthetic genes and ripening regulator genes was upregulated in CK-deficient fruits. Moreover, the application of exogenous ethylene inhibitors resulted in delayed fruit ripening in CK-deficient fruits. These results together suggest that CK plays a negative role in tomato fruit ripening by affecting the ethylene pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":20204,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Reports","volume":"44 2","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143053282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melatonin improves the lead tolerance in Plantago ovata by modulating ROS homeostasis, phytohormone status and expression of stress-responsive genes.","authors":"Shreosi Chakraborty, Sarmistha Sen Raychaudhuri","doi":"10.1007/s00299-025-03424-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00299-025-03424-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>Melatonin increases Pb tolerance in P. ovata seedlings via the regulation of growth and stress-related phytohormones, ROS scavenging and genes responsible for melatonin synthesis, metal chelation, and stress defense. Lead (Pb) is a highly toxic heavy metal that accumulates in plants through soil and air contamination and impairs its plant growth and development. Because of its pharmaceutical importance, improvements in Plantago ovata yield against abiotic stresses are necessary. Melatonin (MEL) is a stress-alleviating biostimulator and our results showed a reduction in Pb induced phytotoxicity by enhancing plant growth attributes and balancing protective osmolytes. Pb-induced reactive oxygen species accumulation, including superoxide and peroxide free radicals and their mitigation through enzymatic antioxidants, was demonstrated in presence of MEL. Cell viability and Pb bioaccumulation were determined to understand the extent of cellular damage. Moreover, MEL increased secondary metabolite (flavonoids and anthocyanins) contents by 2-3-fold at the lowest Pb concentrations. Similar increases in the relative expression of genes (PoPAL and PoPPO), which are responsible for the production of non-enzymatic antioxidants, were observed. Notably, the upregulation of the PoCOMT gene up to 4-fold indicates increased melatonin production, as manifested in the phytomelatonin level. MEL supplementation also increased the auxin (IAA) level by 3-fold in the 100 µM Pb treatment group, while the abscisic acid (ABA) level decreased (1.4-fold) and the expression of PoMYB (a stress-related transcription factor) increased (up to 2.66-fold). Additionally, we found extreme downregulation (up to 18-fold) in the relative expression of PoMT 2 (a metal binding thiol compound) with melatonin treatment, which is otherwise upregulated (by 6-fold) during Pb stress. In the current study, these effects collectively revealed that MEL contribute to enhanced plant growth and Pb stress tolerance.</p>","PeriodicalId":20204,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Reports","volume":"44 2","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143046539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the dual roles of sec-dependent effectors from Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus in immunity of citrus plants.","authors":"Xue Li, Yue Zhou, Hang Chen, Zetian Guo, Jinlian Zhang, Wenli Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00299-024-03397-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00299-024-03397-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>The three SDEs of CLas were expressed in citrus leaves by AuNPs-PEI mediated transient expression system, and promoted the proliferation of CLas and inhibited citrus immunity. Huanglongbing (HLB) is the most severe bacterial disease of citrus caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas). CLas suppress host immune responses and promote infection by sec-dependent effectors (SDEs), thus insight into HLB pathogenesis is urgently needed to develop effective management strategies. In this study, we focused on the roles of SDE4310, SDE4435 and SDE4955 in citrus. We found that the expression of SDE4310, SDE4435 and SDE4955 to increase with increasing citrus immune genes CsPR1, CsPR2, CsPR5, CsNPR1, CsRBOHD, CsMAP3K and CsBIK1, suggesting that the level of citrus immunity could be judged by the expression of SDE. To further explore the relationship between these three SDEs and citrus immunity, we established a transient expression system in citrus leaves, using gold nanoparticle-polyethyleneimine (AuNPs-PEI) to deliver recombinant plasmid containing SDE4310, SDE4435 or SDE4955 respectively into citrus leaves. Results showed that SDE4310, SDE4435 and SDE4955 were successfully expressed in citrus leaves using this transient expression system, and found that SDE4310, SDE4435 and SDE4955 could promote the CLas proliferation by decreasing the immune gene expression of the citrus. Additionally, we used AuNPs-PEI to deliver siRNA₄₃₁₀ to citrus cells, significantly reducing the expression of SDE4310 within 3 days. Although the suppression of SDE4310 expression did not inhibit the CLas proliferation, it increased the expression level of CsPR1, CsNPR1 and CsBIK1. This is also the first time that AuNPs-PEI has been found to be able to deliver exogenous plasmids into citrus cells and express the target protein, providing a new method for future studies on citrus HLB.</p>","PeriodicalId":20204,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Reports","volume":"44 2","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143041183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}