Plant Cell Reports最新文献

{"title":"Transient expression of small secreted proteins of Colletotrichum falcatum elicits broad-spectrum disease resistance in tobacco.","authors":"Dharmaraj Amalamol, N M R Ashwin, Kana Valiyaveettil Lakshana, Amalraj Ramesh Sundar, A Jeevalatha, R Ramesh, P Malathi, R Viswanathan","doi":"10.1007/s00299-026-03831-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-026-03831-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>Colletotrichum falcatum- secreted proteins, CfEPL1 and CfPDIP1, trigger immune responses and confer broad-spectrum disease resistance in Nicotiana tabacum against bacterial diseases. Small secreted proteins (SSPs) play crucial roles in pathogenicity and host manipulation. C. falcatum, the causative agent of red rot in sugarcane, secretes numerous SSPs during its interaction with the host. In this study, three abundantly secreted SSPs of C. falcatum-CfEPL1 (eliciting plant response-like protein 1), CfPDIP1 (plant defence inducing protein 1), and CfBYS1 (Blastomyces yeast phase-specific protein 1) were transiently expressed in the model system, Nicotiana tabacum, to delineate their functional roles. Upon co-expression with green fluorescent protein (GFP), fluorescence signals of all three SSPs were predominant in the apoplastic spaces, consistent with the localisation predictions. Among the three SSPs, transient expression of CfEPL1 and CfPDIP1 induced a hypersensitivity response (HR), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and callose deposition in the infiltrated regions. However, transient expression of CfBYS1 triggered neither visible HR nor prominent upregulation of defence-related genes. Transcription profiling of defence-related genes in N. tabacum leaves infiltrated with CfEPL1 and CfPDIP1 indicated an upregulation of various genes associated with systemic acquired resistance (SAR), salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonic acid (JA) pathways. Inoculation of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pto) at the site of CfEPL1 and CfPDIP1 infiltration resulted in attenuated disease lesion development. Similarly, a reduction in bacterial wilt disease severity was observed, when the vacuum-infiltrated tobacco plants were challenged with Ralstonia solanacearum, which was substantiated by pathogen biomass quantification and SAR-associated marker expression profiling. Overall, this study demonstrated that the two SSPs, CfEPL1 and CfPDIP1, could confer broad-spectrum disease resistance in N. tabacum.</p>","PeriodicalId":20204,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Reports","volume":"45 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial expression of concern: Changes in morphological phenotypes and withanolide composition of Ri-transformed roots of Withania somnifera.","authors":"Maumita Bandyopadhyay, Sumita Jha, David Tepfer","doi":"10.1007/s00299-026-03816-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-026-03816-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20204,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Reports","volume":"45 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide analysis of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and Orobanche cumana reveals HaEXLA2 and HaEXLB2 as negative regulators of lignin-based resistance.","authors":"Lei Shen, Yi Duan, Ying Li, Wenya Zhang, Yan Fu, Ting Zhou, Hongju Sun, Ahsan Ayyaz, Ling Xu","doi":"10.1007/s00299-026-03841-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-026-03841-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>HaEXLA2 and HaEXLB2 enhance drought tolerance but suppress lignin defense, increasing broomrape susceptibility, revealing a trade-off in sunflowers. Expansins modulate cell wall dynamics to mediate plant stress responses. This study presents the first genome-wide analysis of the expansin gene-family in the sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cumana) pathosystem, identifying 51 HaEXP and 23 OcEXP genes. Phylogenetic classification placed them into four canonical subfamilies: expansin A (EXPA), expansin B (EXPB), expansin-like A (EXLA), and expansin-like B (EXLB). The family's expansion was primarily driven by tandem duplication events under strong purifying selection. Promoter cis-element analysis revealed a high abundance of stress-responsive elements, predicting roles in ABA, JA, and hypoxia signaling. RNA-seq and RT-qPCR validation demonstrated that HaEXLA2 and HaEXLB2 were distinctly upregulated in resistant sunflowers during early O. cumana parasitization. Contrary to expectations, functional characterization revealed that their transient overexpression suppressed the phenylpropanoid pathway, downregulating key lignin biosynthetic genes (PAL1, 4CL2, COMT, and CAD1) and reducing lignin accumulation. This suppression of lignin-based defense significantly increased the susceptibility of otherwise resistant sunflower cultivars to broomrape. In parallel, heterologous expression of HaEXLA2 and HaEXLB2 in yeast enhanced drought tolerance by modulating cell wall properties. Our findings reveal a critical trade-off: HaEXLA2 and HaEXLB2 enhance abiotic stress adaptation while simultaneously suppressing lignin-based biotic defense against a root parasite. This dual functionality suggests them as potential targets for engineering stress resilience, though their negative impact on parasite resistance must be addressed in applied breeding programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":20204,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Reports","volume":"45 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PpBRC1 negatively regulates branching via modulating GA signal transduction gene PpGID1b in peach (Prunus persica).","authors":"Yulu Wu, Yajia Zhang, Junjie Zhang, Xiaobei Wang, Haipeng Zhang, Xiaodong Lian, Nan Hou, Xianbo Zheng, Jun Cheng, Wei Wang, Langlang Zhang, Xia Ye, Jidong Li, Jiancan Feng, Lei Wang, Bin Tan","doi":"10.1007/s00299-026-03822-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-026-03822-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>The TCP transcription factor PpBRC1 serves as a negative regulator of branching in peach by modulating GA signal transduction gene PpGID1b expression. Branch number is one of the major determinants in peach (Prunus persica L.) tree architecture. Gibberellins (GAs) regulate various physiological processes, but the roles in regulating peach branching remain unclear. In this study, we found that the main component of GAs in peach was GA₃, whose content in standard-type peach 'Okubo' with high branching was 3.23-fold higher than that in pillar-type peach 'Zhaoshouhong' with low branching. Exogenous GA₃ treatment increased branch number and plant height in peach, and the expression of PpGID1b (GA signal transduction gene) was increased up to 37-fold after GA₃ treatment. The promoter activity and expression of PpGID1b in standard-type peach were 2-fold higher than those in pillar-type peach. Yeast one-hybrid, LUC, EMSA, and transient expression in peach axillary bud assays confirmed that PpBRC1 (TCP transcription factor) directly bound to the promoter of PpGID1b and repressed its expression. Furthermore, the expression of PpBRC1 was also upregulated by GA₃ treatment, and the expression peak occurred later than that of PpGID1b. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that PpGID1b was located in the cell nucleus, cell membrane, and cell cytoplasm. Transient overexpression and silencing of PpGID1b in peach revealed positive regulation of PpGID1b in branch number, branching rate, and plant height. These findings demonstrated that PpBRC1 inhibited the expression of PpGID1b ‌to modulate‌ GA signal transduction and peach branching, providing a molecular target for labor-saving peach breeding strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20204,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Reports","volume":"45 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional characterization of citrus SOS genes reveals CsSOS2 as a key regulator of salinity tolerance in Carrizo citrange.","authors":"Lamiaa M Mahmoud, Juliana Soares, Manjul Dutt","doi":"10.1007/s00299-026-03839-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-026-03839-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>Salt Overly Sensitive 2 (SOS2) modulates citrus salinity tolerance by coordinating ion homeostasis and antioxidant defense, thereby enhancing growth and stress resilience in Carrizo citrange under salt stress. Citrus productivity is increasingly threatened by environmental stressors, including salinity, which reduces fruit yield and quality. Salt stress activates molecular networks such as the Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) pathway, which maintains ion balance by promoting Na⁺ efflux and regulating stress-responsive genes. Tolerance depends on restoring ionic homeostasis, reducing osmotic stress, and limiting ROS accumulation. In this study, we identified three SOS genes in citrus SOS1, SOS2, and SOS3, and analyzed their expression under salt stress in 'Hamlin' sweet orange grafted onto Carrizo citrange. Subcellular localization of EGFP fusion proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana showed plasma membrane localization for CsSOS1, cytoplasmic and nuclear localization for CsSOS2, and a cytosolic/nuclear distribution for CsSOS3, aligning with their roles in ion transport and stress signaling. Under NaCl treatment, CsSOS2 transcript levels were downregulated in 'Hamlin' trees. To further investigate its functional role in detail, Carrizo citrange lines overexpressing CsSOS2 were developed using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Under salt stress, transgenic lines exhibited improved growth, higher chlorophyll content, increased antioxidant capacity, and reduced lipid peroxidation compared to wild-type plants. Ion analysis revealed moderate Na⁺ accumulation, while expression profiling showed stress-specific upregulation of antioxidant genes (CsAPX2, CsPOD1, CsPOD2) and ion transporter genes (CsSOS1, CsSOS2, CsSOS3, CsNHX1). These results suggest that CsSOS2 overexpression enhances citrus salt tolerance by modulating antioxidant defenses and maintaining ionic homeostasis, offering a promising target for developing salt-tolerant citrus cultivars and advancing understanding of stress adaptation in woody perennials.</p>","PeriodicalId":20204,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Reports","volume":"45 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphorus-arsenic interaction mitigates toxicity and accumulation of arsenic in rice grown in contaminated fields.","authors":"Kavita Shukla, Saurabh Kumar Pathak, Swarnendra Banerjee, Sudhakar Srivastava","doi":"10.1007/s00299-026-03814-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-026-03814-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>The study shows that strategic intensification of phosphorus serves as a dual-function mechanism for effectively reducing arsenic movement to grains in rice and boosting crop yield. However, phosphorus-use efficiency is a variety-specific phenomenon, and it defines the resilience of the variety to low-phosphorus doses. This positions the combined management of nutrients and variety as a robust strategy for achieving safer rice cultivation in environments tainted with arsenic. Arsenic (As) contamination in rice is a serious threat to food security worldwide. Phosphorus (P) plays a crucial role in modulating As uptake in rice plants. Elevated P content in the soil may hinder the uptake of As by competing with the transporter system and altering rhizosphere chemistry. This study aimed to investigate the effect of varied P fertilizer levels on rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants in terms of growth and As accumulation, grown in two different As-contaminated fields. The study was conducted during the rice-growing season from mid-July to November 2023. The experiment included the recommended (60 kg h^-1), half (30 kg h^-1), and double (120 kg h^-1) doses of diammonium phosphate (DAP). Two contrasting varieties of rice were used that differed in phosphorus use efficiency (PUE): P-efficient DNA Sribala (DS) and P-inefficient Sai Kasturi (SK). SK suffered significant reductions in shoot and panicle lengths under low P doses (up to 35 and 18%, respectively), whereas DS showed non-significant effects. Arsenic accumulation in grains increased by 20% under low P doses for SK but decreased by 9-11% with higher P doses. In contrast, DS demonstrated tolerance to low phosphorus concentrations and no significant change in As accumulation was observed. In addition, the yield of rice was also increased in high P doses, which was 14-23% at two sites for SK, while 17-20% for DS. These findings underscore the critical role of P management in mitigating As toxicity and optimizing rice productivity in contaminated environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":20204,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Reports","volume":"45 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A R2R3-MYB, VwMYB1, regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in pansy petal blotch via transcriptional activation of VwF3'5'H.","authors":"Xinyu Ye, Xiaopei Zhu, Yudan Li, Yanke Hu, Jinyan Mu, Xiaohua Du, Huichao Liu","doi":"10.1007/s00299-026-03842-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-026-03842-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>VwMYB1 directly activates VwF3'5'H to drive delphinidin accumulation, establishing a core regulatory module controlling pansy petal blotch formation. Anthocyanins play a pivotal role in determining the visual characteristics of ornamental plants. To elucidate the molecular basis of the distinctive \"blotch\" formation in pansy (Viola × wittrockiana), this study employed an integrated approach that combines targeted metabolomics and comparative transcriptomics. Comparative analysis of blotched versus non-blotched petal regions identified VwMYB1, a differentially expressed R2R3-MYB transcription factor, as a key candidate regulator. Functional validation revealed that the heterologous overexpression of VwMYB1 in tobacco enhanced floral pigmentation, while its transient overexpression in pansy petals induced localized deepened blotches, thereby confirming its role in promoting pigmentation. Targeted metabolomic profiling demonstrated that the blotch phenotype is primarily attributed to the substantial and specific accumulation of delphinidin-type anthocyanins. Given that F3'5'H is the pivotal branch-point enzyme for delphinidin biosynthesis, the regulatory interaction between VwMYB1 and VwF3'5'H was further examined. Yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed that VwMYB1 directly binds to the promoter of VwF3'5'H and activates its expression. This study not only illustrates a streamlined pipeline from transcriptome-based gene discovery to functional and metabolic validation but also uncovers the core regulatory mechanism by which VwMYB1 governs delphinidin-based blotch formation through the direct transcriptional activation of VwF3'5'H, thereby offering both mechanistic insight and a practical genetic tool for precision breeding in flower color modification.</p>","PeriodicalId":20204,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Reports","volume":"45 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147819807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic characterization of graft union formation in Sapindus mukorossi: role of SmNDUFS4.","authors":"Lixian Wang, Yafei Wang, Na Chen, Xiaoli Yan, Yulin Zheng, Leixin Zhou, Yue Peng, Jing Zhong, Liming Jia, Zhong Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00299-026-03829-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-026-03829-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>Transcriptome analysis identified the hub gene SmNDUFS4, which promotes graft union formation in Sapindus mukorossi by accelerating callusproliferation and vascular reconnection, thereby enhancing grafting efficiency. Grafting is widely employed to shorten the seedling stage and enhance fruit quality, while theoretically serving as a model for studying the transport and rearrangement of genetic material. Despite grafted plants exhibiting superior characteristics in multiple aspects, the underlying healing mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study identified four critical phases: isolation layer formation, callus proliferation (7 DAG), cambial bridge establishment (14-30 DAG), and vascular reconnection (after 30 DAG). Subsequently, transcriptome sequencing was performed on ten sample groups from two tissues (scion and rootstock) across five developmental stages. Analysis based on GO, KEGG, WGCNA, and correlation studies identified the key candidate gene SmNDUFS4. Genetic engineering established Arabidopsis transgenic lines overexpressing 35S::SmNDUFS4. Functional validation in Arabidopsis showed that SmNDUFS4 overexpression significantly accelerated cell division at the graft interface and enhanced vascular continuity. Transcriptome sequencing findings corroborated morphological observations, indicating that SmNDUFS4 overexpression promotes graft union formation by modulating plant stress responses. This study provides the first dynamic characterization of the graft union formation process in S. mukorossi and identifies SmNDUFS4 as a key gene in graft union formation. It establishes a crucial foundation for mechanistic research into graft union formation in S. mukorossi and offers a potential biotechnological strategy for enhancing grafting efficiency in woody plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":20204,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Reports","volume":"45 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147819786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The VvSAP8-VvHAK5 module from grape confers dual tolerance to potassium deficiency and salt stress by regulating potassium transport.","authors":"Tong-Lu Wei, Ze-Hang Wang, Liu-Yang Wu, Shuai-Kun Wang, Qiao-Fang Shi, Mao-Song Pei, Hai-Nan Liu, Da-Long Guo","doi":"10.1007/s00299-026-03837-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-026-03837-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>Zinc-finger protein VvSAP8 from grape regulates high-affinity K⁺ transporter VvHAK5 to enhance tolerance to both K⁺ deficiency and salt stresses. Potassium ion (K⁺) deficiency and salt stress are major abiotic factors that restrict the grape industry. Plants respond to K⁺ deficiency and salt stress by regulating K⁺ homeostasis in roots, while the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we identified a high-affinity K⁺ transporter gene (VvHAK5) from the HAK/KUP/KT family in grape, as a root-specifically expressed gene. VvHAK5 was localized to the plasma membrane and exhibited K⁺ transport activity. Gene expression of VvHAK5 was induced by both K⁺ deficiency and salt stress. Heterologous overexpression of VvHAK5 in tobacco significantly enhanced tolerance to K⁺ deficiency by promoting K⁺ uptake, and simultaneously conferred enhanced tolerance to salt stress by mediating Na⁺/K⁺ homeostasis and improving reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity. Yeast one-hybrid (Y1H), electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed that an A20/AN1-type zinc-finger protein (VvSAP8) could activate the expression of VvHAK5 by binding to the TAACTG site on its promoter. Gene expression of VvSAP8 was also induced by both K⁺ deficiency and salt stress. Overexpression of VvSAP8 in Arabidopsis could confer tolerance to K⁺ deficiency and salt stress by regulating K⁺ transport, consistent with the function of VvHAK5. Taken together, this study identified a VvSAP8-VvHAK5 regulatory module from grapevines that conferred dual tolerance to K⁺ deficiency and salt stress in plants through coordinated regulation of K⁺ uptake, ion homeostasis, and ROS scavenging.</p>","PeriodicalId":20204,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Reports","volume":"45 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147779245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative framework for trichome and trichome-derived epidermal appendage development across model glycophytes and halophytes.","authors":"Jiahong Chen, Yuan Wang, Lei Yang, Lijun Luo, Hongxia Zhang, Yi Liu","doi":"10.1007/s00299-026-03833-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-026-03833-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>This review compares trichome and trichome-derived epidermal appendage development across model glycophytes and halophytes, revealing that conserved regulatory modules are independently rewired into lineage specific circuits to produce diverse epidermal structures. In halophytes, salt glands and epidermal bladder cells further integrate these developmental programs with ion transport and stress physiology, offering entry points for engineering crop stress resilience. Trichome-derived epidermal structures have arisen repeatedly across angiosperms, yet the mechanisms by which conserved epidermal regulators are redeployed into lineage-specific developmental circuits remain incompletely understood. Here, we present a comparative synthesis of trichome and trichome-derived epidermal appendage development across representative glycophytes (Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, Solanum lycopersicum, and Gossypium hirsutum) and extend this framework to halophytic species with specialized salt-handling structures. These systems reveal how MYB-bHLH-WD40, WOX-AP2/ERF-auxin, HD-ZIP IV-bHLH-JA, and expanded MYB/HD-ZIP networks have been independently rewired to produce unicellular hairs, secretory glands, and highly elongated fibers. In halophytes, these developmental modules are further integrated with ion transport, vesicle trafficking, and osmotic regulation pathways, enabling the emergence of salt glands and epidermal bladder cells with specialized physiological functions. By synthesizing these trajectories, we propose a unifying regulatory model for epidermal evolution. We additionally highlight potential entry points for engineering trichome traits, improved metabolite production, and synthetic salt-handling epidermal structures for crop stress resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":20204,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Reports","volume":"45 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147779056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}