Plant Cell Reports最新文献

{"title":"Insights into the roles of chromatin-remodeling complex HOS15-PWR-HDA9 in plant development and stress responses.","authors":"Akhtar Ali, Shah Zareen, Dae-Jin Yun","doi":"10.1007/s00299-025-03523-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-025-03523-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>This review highlights the central role of the HOS15-PWR-HDA9 complex in integrating chromatin remodeling with plant development and stress adaptation, offering insights for improving crop resilience. Being sessile by nature, plants have signaling pathways that perceive and transmit environmental signals, inducing epigenetic modifications that are instrumental in plant development and stress responses. Acetylation and methylation are key features of chromatin remodeling and are crucial in transcriptional reprogramming for tissue-specific gene expression and silencing. Recently, different classes of chromatin remodelers have been studied in plants. Among them, the multiprotein complex HOS15-PWR-HDA9 has been well documented to regulate the acetylation status of histone 3 at the chromatin of target genes during plant development and in response to various stresses, thereby facilitating gene expression and/or repression. In this review, we discuss the critical role of the HOS15-PWR-HDA9 complex in chromatin remodeling during plant development and stress responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":20204,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Reports","volume":"44 6","pages":"134"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144174700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VvWUS increases carpel number by upregulating VvAG2 expression in grapevine.","authors":"Jiang Wu, Zhenhua Liu, Jianfang Hu, Pingyin Guan","doi":"10.1007/s00299-025-03522-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-025-03522-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>The positive effect of VvWUS on carpel number variation in Vitis vinifera 'Xiangfei' is accomplished via forming the heterodimer with VvSTMa and VvSTMb proteins, which enhances the downstream VvAG2 gene expression during grapevine carpel formation. The WUSCHEL-CLAVATA3 signalling pathway plays an essential role in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) maintenance and floral organ development, influencing carpel number and fruit morphology in horticultural plants. This study investigates the role of VvWUS in regulating carpel number in the grapevine cultivar 'Xiangfei', which frequently produces flowers with multiple carpels. We found a positive correlation between VvWUS expression levels and carpel number variation among grapevine cultivars. Transgenic tomato plants overexpressing VvWUS exhibited an increased carpel number and a concomitant expression of SAM-related genes. Further experiments demonstrated that VvWUS interacts with VvSTMa and VvSTMb, forming heterodimers that are crucial for grapevine carpel development. VvWUS was also confirmed to activate VvAG2 expression. Our findings indicate that VvWUS positively regulates carpel number in grapevine by interacting with VvSTMa and VvSTMb and upregulating VvAG2 expression. These results provide a basis for molecular breeding aimed at increasing grape yield and fruit size.</p>","PeriodicalId":20204,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Reports","volume":"44 6","pages":"136"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144182432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exogenous auxin-induced rapid modulation of herbaceous peony stem straightness: insights into transient cell wall metabolism responses.","authors":"Yiran Huang, Yijia Jin, Mengting Zhu, Wanning Guo, Tianyu Zhao, Siying Chen, Yingling Wan, Yan Liu","doi":"10.1007/s00299-025-03525-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-025-03525-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>Exogenous IAA applying within 32 days after herbaceous peony bud germination induces a 6-h transient stem change: first bending then upright. This process correlates with the degradation of cell wall substances like cellulose and pectin. Herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora) holds a growing presence in the cut flower market. A vital criterion for selecting cut herbaceous peonies is the uprightness of their stems, which is largely determined by cell wall materials (CWMs). Our previous study indicated that applying indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) during the development process could enhance the stem straightness of herbaceous peonies at the flowering stage. Interestingly, in certain development phases, after IAA application, the stems were observed to first bend and then regain an upright position within hours (transient changes), yet the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the stages during which these transient changes occur and elucidate the role of CWMs in terms of their contents, enzyme activities, metabolites, and gene expression. The results showed that IAA-induced transient changes were most prevalent in the first three stages. The accumulated cellulose, pectin, and lignin in the IAA-treated group were consumed as the stem regained their upright position. Cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase, β-glucosidase, and pectin methylesterase played key degradation roles. Combined metabolome and transcriptome analyses revealed that differential metabolites and differentially expressed genes were enriched in pathways such as glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, xylan biosynthesis process, secondary cell wall biogenesis, and lignin catabolism. The cellulose synthesis gene CESA2, decomposition gene CEL5, and pectin decomposition gene At1g48100 deserved further investigation. This study provides support for clarifying the mechanism by which IAA regulates stem uprightness of P. lactiflora and serves as a reference for selection and cultivation of herbaceous peony cut flowers.</p>","PeriodicalId":20204,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Reports","volume":"44 6","pages":"135"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144174696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel-miR-164 from Atractylodes lancea targets AlNAC1 regulating leaf senescence.","authors":"Juan Deng, Xiao Huang, Meng Wang, Qian Li, Ling Gong, Bisheng Huang, Kun Yu","doi":"10.1007/s00299-025-03527-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-025-03527-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>A novel miR164-AlNAC1 module adjusting the expression of genes related to chlorophyll synthesis and ROS synthesis, and regulating leaf senescence in Atractylodes lancea. Leaf senescence is a critical developmental process regulated by complex genetic networks. In this study, a novel miRNA belonging to the MIR164 family was identified as a key regulator of leaf senescence in A. lancea by targeting the transcription factor AlNAC1. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that target gene AlNAC1 was closely related to the senescence-associated gene ANAC092 in Arabidopsis. The qRT-PCR and tobacco transient expression demonstrated nov-miR164 negatively regulated AlNAC1. Subcellular localization and transcriptional activity assays revealed that AlNAC1 localized to the nucleus and functioned as a transcriptional activator. Furthermore, EMSA experiments showed that AlNAC1 bound to the G-box motifs on the promoters of AlNYC, AlPAO, and AlRbohC. With the aging of A. lancea leaves, the expression of nov-miR164 decreased, while AlNAC1 and senescence-associated genes (AlSAG21, AlNYC, AlPAO, and AlRbohC) were significantly upregulated. Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression experiment results demonstrated that nov-miR164 negatively regulated AlNAC1 to suppress chlorophyll degradation and ROS accumulation, thereby delaying leaf senescence. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of leaf senescence in A. lancea and highlight the potential of nov-miR164 as a target for increasing crop yield and improving crop longevity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20204,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Reports","volume":"44 6","pages":"133"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144174695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ovule development and pollen tube growth in Tsuga chinensis: insights into the evolution of siphonogamy.","authors":"Xin Shang, Ya-Xin Wang, Guo-Wei Jiang, Zhi-Han Chen, Xiao-Hang Bi, Jie Sun, Xin Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00299-025-03519-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-025-03519-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>Confirmation of the correlation between archegonium development and pollen tube guidance and identification of putative genes implicated in male‒female interactions in gymnosperms. Studying angiosperm-like siphonogamy in gymnosperms will increase our understanding of seed plant evolution. This study involved an exploration of pollination and ovule development in Tsuga chinensis, which is an interesting gymnosperm species endemic to East Asia that exhibits angiosperm-like siphonogamy. Using comprehensive morphological approaches, we determined that the mechanism underlying T. chinensis pollination involves the germination of pollen grains outside the ovule and the growth of pollen tubes into the micropyle. Furthermore, a correlation between the timing of archegonial appearance and pollen tube growth was confirmed. Additionally, transcriptome sequencing revealed 19,643 DEGs that are involved in ovule development. Through bioinformatics analysis, we identified several putative genes that are involved in male‒female interactions in gymnosperms, and further validation of the functions of these DEGs is worthwhile. These findings offer valuable insights into the progression of the complex evolution of siphonogamy across seed plants and lay a foundation for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying siphonogamy in gymnosperms.</p>","PeriodicalId":20204,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Reports","volume":"44 6","pages":"132"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brassinolide and BZR1 are up-regulated in a parthenocarpic mutant of prickly pear.","authors":"Rameshkumar Ramakrishnan, Udi Zurgil, Danuše Tarkowská, Ondřej Novák, Miroslav Strnad, Noemi Tel-Zur, Yaron Sitrit","doi":"10.1007/s00299-025-03514-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00299-025-03514-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>Parthenocarpic fruit development in prickly pear involves up-regulation of the transcription factor BZR1 and increased levels of brassinolide in developing ovules. We explored the complex process of parthenocarpic fruit development in prickly pear Opuntia ficus-indica (Cactaceae) by comparing the fruits of the parthenocarpic Beer Sheva1 (BS1) mutant and revertant non-parthenocarpic fruits. The mutant plants produce flowers with enlarged ovules that develop into degenerated seed-like stony structures. Pollen tubes fail to penetrate the ovule, resulting in the formation of lignified and hard seed coat brown in colour. Some new stems on BS1 plants bear normal revertant flowers containing small and viable fertilized ovules. BS1 thus provides a unique model for elucidating the regulatory mechanisms underlying parthenocarpy in prickly pear. Our working hypothesis was that parthenocarpy is induced by elevated levels of brassinolide in the ovules of BS1. By comparing transcriptomes, we identified 7717 differentially expressed genes between BS1 and the revertant among them brassinosteroid-related genes. Quantification of the brassinosteroids confirmed higher brassinolide levels and up-regulation of the brassinosteroid positive regulator BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT1 (BZR1) in BS1 ovules compared to revertant ovules displaying normal seed development. Thereby, implicating the involvement of brassinolide in ovule development, fruit phenology, and parthenocarpy. The early flowering and fruit ripening observed in BS1 support our hypothesis that brassinolide promotes parthenocarpic fruit development and ripening.</p>","PeriodicalId":20204,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Reports","volume":"44 6","pages":"131"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12102005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designer circRNA_GFP reduces GFP-abundance in Arabidopsis protoplasts in a sequence-specific manner, independent of RNAi pathways.","authors":"M Hossain, C Pfafenrot, S Nasfi, A Sede, J Imani, E Šečić, M Galli, P Schäfer, A Bindereif, M Heinlein, M Ladera-Carmona, K H Kogel","doi":"10.1007/s00299-025-03512-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00299-025-03512-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>We demonstrate non-immunogenic circRNA as a tool for targeted gene regulation in plants, where it acts in an isoform- and sequence-specific manner, enabling future agronomic applications. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are single-stranded RNA molecules characterized by their covalently closed structure and are emerging as key regulators of cellular processes in mammals, including gene expression, protein function and immune responses. Recent evidence suggests that circRNAs also play significant roles in plants, influencing development, nutrition, biotic stress resistance, and abiotic stress tolerance. However, the potential of circRNAs to modulate target protein abundance in plants remains largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the potential of designer circRNAs to modulate target protein abundance in plants using Arabidopsis protoplasts as a model system. We show that PEG-mediated transfection with a 50-nt circRNA_GFP containing a 30-nt GFP-antisense sequence results in a dose- and sequence-dependent reduction of GFP reporter target protein abundance. Notably, a single-stranded open isoform of circRNA_GFP had little effect on protein abundance, indicating the importance of the closed circular structure. Additionally, circRNA_GFP also reduced GFP abundance in Arabidopsis mutants defective in RNA interference (RNAi), suggesting that circRNA activity is independent of the RNAi pathway. We also show that circRNA, unlike dsRNA, does not induce pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) in plants. Findings of this proof-of-principle study together are crucial first steps in understanding the potential of circRNAs as versatile tools for modulating gene expression and offer exciting prospects for their application in agronomy, particularly for enhancing crop traits through metabolic pathway manipulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20204,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Reports","volume":"44 6","pages":"128"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12098445/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted metabolic engineering of key biosynthetic genes improves triptolide production in Tripterygium wilfordii hairy roots.","authors":"Xiaomin Zhao, Li Chen, Yuan Huang, Junjie Hu, Jing Zhang, Bin Zhang, Zhiqing Ma","doi":"10.1007/s00299-025-03518-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-025-03518-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>The overexpression of key biosynthetic genes involved in triptolide production through a metabolic engineering strategy significantly enhanced triptolide accumulation in Tripterygium wilfordii hairy roots. Triptolide, the representative bioactive compound in Tripterygium wilfordii, is renowned for its potent insecticidal and pharmacological properties. In order to increase the production of triptolide, this study overexpressed several key enzyme genes related to its biosynthesis in T. wilfordii hairy roots. Specifically, the content of triptolide in hairy roots overexpressing TwTPS9 and TwTPS27 individually was found to be 1.60-fold and 1.42-fold that of the control, respectively. Co-expression of both TwTPS9 and TwTPS27 resulted in significant increase in triptolide levels, reaching approximately 2.72 times that of the control. Furthermore, overexpressing TwGGPPS and TwDXS on the basis of the double gene overexpression led to the highest triptolide production, with a yield of 12.83 mg/L, increasing to 3.18-fold compared to the control. This study offers valuable examples into the efficient biosynthesis of triptolide and is expected to lay a foundation for future industrial-scale production by mitigating its resource constraints through metabolic engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":20204,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Reports","volume":"44 6","pages":"129"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced drought and salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis via ectopic expression of the PvMLP19 gene.","authors":"Bayram Ali Yerlikaya, Seher Yerlikaya, Abdullah Aydin, Nisa Nur Yilmaz, Sibel Bahadır, Mohamed Farah Abdulla, Karam Mostafa, Musa Kavas","doi":"10.1007/s00299-025-03520-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00299-025-03520-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>PvMLP19 overexpression in Arabidopsis enhances proline accumulation, mitigates oxidative stress, improves water retention, delays germination, and stimulates root growth under drought and salt stress conditions. Climate change has exacerbated the frequency and severity of drought and salinity stress, posing significant risks to agricultural productivity and food security. As sessile organisms, plants have evolved regulatory mechanisms to adapt to these challenges. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), an essential legume crop valued for its high nutritional value, is increasingly impacted by climate change-induced stressors. The PR10 protein family has been recognized as a potential contributor to enhancing plant resilience to abiotic and biotic stresses. This family, also known as Bet v1, is highly conserved and consists of diverse subfamilies, including major latex proteins (MLPs), which may contribute to stress tolerance through ligand-binding and regulation of stress-related pathways. This study aimed to investigate the functional role of PvMLP19 in stress tolerance using both in silico and experimental approaches. RNA-seq analysis revealed tissue-specific expression patterns of PR10s, with PvMLP19 showing notable induction under abiotic stress. Functional validation in transgenic Arabidopsis suggested that overexpression of PvMLP19 may improve drought tolerance. Transgenic plants exhibited increased proline accumulation, reduced oxidative stress, and higher relative water content under both drought and salinity stress conditions. Furthermore, PvMLP19 overexpression was associated with delayed seed germination but promoted root development under osmotic and salinity stress. The increased stress tolerance was linked to the upregulation of stress-inducible genes, suggesting a potential regulatory role of PvMLP19 in modulating stress-response pathways. These findings position PvMLP19 as a potential candidate for genetic improvement in crops, offering a promising strategy to mitigate the impacts of climate change and ensure sustainable agricultural productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20204,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Reports","volume":"44 6","pages":"130"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12098492/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silencing of disease susceptibility genes: an effective disease resistance strategy against fungal pathogens.","authors":"Muniba Syed, Raham Sher Khan, Sadia Nazir, Sajad Khan, Zia Ul Islam, Salimullah Khan, Nakamura Ikuo","doi":"10.1007/s00299-025-03510-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-025-03510-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>Silencing of target susceptibility (S) genes in plants exhibits a promising and durable strategy for enhanced resistance to fungal pathogens by causing disruption in the host mechanisms that the pathogens exploit, offering an alternative to the traditional resistance gene-based approaches. Devastating fungal diseases have significantly reduced crop productivity, posing a potential threat to global food security. Producing disease-resistant cultivars is the most effective strategy for protecting crops against these fungal pathogens. Typically, susceptibility (S) genes in host plants facilitate the penetration and proliferation of phytopathogens. Perturbation of these S genes can potentially impede the compatibility between the host and the fungal pathogens, thereby providing broad-spectrum and lasting resistance. Consequently, the identification and targeting of S-genes have gained increasing interest in enhancing disease resistance in plants. In this review, we describe three distinct categories of S genes that function during different stages of the infection process. We focus on various gene silencing technologies, including RNA interference (RNAi), virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), and CRISPR-Cas9, to improve plant disease resistance against fungal pathogens. The numerous examples discussed here illustrate the potential of S-genes for use in plant disease-resistance breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":20204,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Reports","volume":"44 6","pages":"127"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}