Camera Praehistorica最新文献

{"title":"The Fifth Zamyatnin Readings. Abstract forms in the ancient and modern visual arts and ornamentation. Interdisciplinary dialogue: archaeology–ethnography–art history","authors":"G. Khlopachev, I. Palaguta","doi":"10.31250/2658-3828-2022-1-138-141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/2658-3828-2022-1-138-141","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":202037,"journal":{"name":"Camera Praehistorica","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114734445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paleographic evidence of localization of the early Holocene cultural unity in the southwest of Western Siberia","authors":"I. Shmidt","doi":"10.31250/2658-3828-2022-1-76-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/2658-3828-2022-1-76-85","url":null,"abstract":"In the article the results of paleographic analysis of two daggers from the Chernoozerye II site (Sargatsky district, Omsk region) and the Pegan burial (Makushinsky district, Kurgan region) are presented. The Pegan design as it concerns to the shape and morphology, which is based on the “rhombus chains”, is an invariant of the Chernoozerye prototype. The revealed complexity of the analogy, which includes the symbolic syntax of the ornamental text, the shape and morphology of the key symbol, the order of its graphic construction, cannot be accidental, but, obviously, indicates the “kinship” of the two existing ornamental traditions in the final Paleolithic and Mesolithic in the territory between the Middle Irtysh and the Trans-Urals. The evidence of the cultural contacts between these areas can be supported not only by similarity of stone industries, but by the stylistics of ornamental compositions on bone items. The above arguments make it possible to put forward a hypothesis on the possibility of localizing the zone of the ornamentally stable motif. The territorial proximity of the analyzed items inspires confidence in the prospects for solving the problem, but the chronological gap in their dating requires explanations concerning principles of translation of ornamental traditions and reasons of their “conservation”. The conclusions made in the study are preliminary. To support them, further researches based on new data obtained as a result of archaeological excavations and analyses of museum collections are needed.","PeriodicalId":202037,"journal":{"name":"Camera Praehistorica","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126512282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstract forms and symbolism of the ornament in the Paleolithic art of Malta (The State Hermitage collections)","authors":"Svetlana Demeshchenko","doi":"10.31250/2658-3828-2022-1-34-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/2658-3828-2022-1-34-57","url":null,"abstract":"The article continues the studies of the series of cult pendants and crafts from the Upper Paleolithic site of Malta, dated 23–19 kya. The article uses materials from the Malta collections of the State Hermitage Museum. The author considers rod-shaped crafts, buckles and pendants in the form of “eight” as a particular abstract form of Paleolithic art. Analyzing the art objects of Malta, the author classifies figurines and handicrafts as belonging to a stylized manner of depiction. Image stylization being one of the techniques of artistic abstraction is not an initial generalization and convention resulted from the peculiarities of our perception, but rather from a symbolic system of the mythological genre, revised and recorded by means of symbolic codes. A special role in symbolic symbols is given to ornamental elements those create separate structures of symbols and decorative compositions. Any selected ornamental elements (modules) in various combinations can carry different semantic loadings. In this respect it is important to analyze the use of ornamental patterns and their correlation with specific kinds of craft items and decorations. The author notes that the preservation of the material and traces of biogenic effects on objects during their staying in soil horizons (manganese dendrites, traces of plant roots an microorganisms) give a strong distortion of decorative elements.","PeriodicalId":202037,"journal":{"name":"Camera Praehistorica","volume":"152 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132177780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technological aspects of artifact’s ornamentation in the Mal’ta’s collection (Upper Paleolithic)","authors":"L. Lbova","doi":"10.31250/2658-3828-2022-1-24-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/2658-3828-2022-1-24-33","url":null,"abstract":"Mal’ta is one of the most important archeological complexes of the Siberian Upper Paleolithic. The appearance of items with serial-rhythmic decorative elements in the Siberian portable art it is associated with the classical stage of the Upper Paleolithic. Important issues in the study of the Malta complex include stratigraphy, chronology, technological characteristics of the site, and the problem of diversity of the ensemble of the “classical” component obtained during the excavations of M.M. Gerasimov in 1928–1958. In the article we discuss the issues of decorating items made from mammoth tusk using various techniques and technologies with external stability of the elements (motifs) of the ornament. The microscopic analysis of the Mal’ta collection revealed usage of several techniques for manufacturing of different decorative items. These include portable anthropomorphic and zoomorphic images, items of personal adornment, and other artifacts. We categorized artifacts based on the fragments of the artifacts, blanks, and finished products with and without decoration. It has been established that in the classical Mal’ta complex, there were various technological methods for decoration anthropomorphic and zoomorphic figures, personal adornments, disks and other objects using a stable set of tools and technological standards. Basing on results of technological and microscopic analysis we argue that chronological or cultural differences likely existed in artifact’s style, ornamentation and manufacturing techniques.","PeriodicalId":202037,"journal":{"name":"Camera Praehistorica","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134125066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valeri Ivanovich Khartanovich","authors":"V. Shumkin, Eugeny Kolpakov, A. Murashkin, E. Ryabtseva","doi":"10.31250/2658-3828-2022-1-142-155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/2658-3828-2022-1-142-155","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":202037,"journal":{"name":"Camera Praehistorica","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114318912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ust-Polui: bone objects with ornament and signs (technology and function)","authors":"N. Aleksashenko","doi":"10.31250/2658-3828-2022-1-86-107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/2658-3828-2022-1-86-107","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the studies of the function of bone artefacts with ornamentation and signs from the Ust-Polui sacral production center. Functional groups of items with and without décor were identified and compared to each other according to the use-wear pattern. The main elements and compositions of the decorations that are typical for the certain categories were studied. The location and ways of ornamentation and signs were analyzed. It was shown that buckles, combs and armored plates make up the largest percentage of ornamentally decorated items, while signs are often applied to scrapers-blades. Fish knives, hooks, chisel-shaped tools, wedges, needles, harpoons and arrowheads except two of them have no decoration elements. The oblique cuts and small notches on the edges of several items made of the reindeer harness apparently were technologically meaningful. The bone products of the Ust-Polui are characterized by geometric ornaments with a small set of elements and their combinations. A pattern consisting of one or more wavy lines, made using the technique of fine-contour or oval-notched carving, was a common decorative element for functionally various items. It was complemented by compositions of straight or broken lines. There is no correlation between degree of wear and the presence or absence of decor in tools of the same category. Armor plates, buckles, combs, scrapers-spatulas had most strong wear traces among the specimens with ornamentation. Geometric signs were found on a bow plate, 2 belt hooks, 3 spoons and 14 scrapers-spatulas. They have a different carving quality and shape. There were often 2 signs carved on the items; some signs were applied to the surface of the scrapers after their long-term use.","PeriodicalId":202037,"journal":{"name":"Camera Praehistorica","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123761703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New data on human skulls from the ritual complex of the Bystrovka-2 Early Iron Age burial ground","authors":"Maria Kishkurno, E. Alekseeva, A. Shishkin, A. Zubova","doi":"10.31250/2658-3828-2021-2-138-151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/2658-3828-2021-2-138-151","url":null,"abstract":"Various kinds of postmortem manipulations with the bodies of the dead were widespread in the ritual practice of the Scythian tribes of Eurasia. One of the evidences of such practice is finds of isolated skeletal bones or skulls buried in an unusual context. One of the sites where such finds was discovered is the Bystrovka-2 burial ground of the Kamenka archaeological culture in the Novosibirsk Ob region. In the kurgan 9 of this site, a ritual complex containing the burial of three human skulls, previously displayed on stakes or poles was excavated. In this article we present the results of recent anthropological analyzes of these skulls and discuss the question concerning the origin of the sacrificed people. The analyzed data allow us to say that in the Kamenka society, putting heads on poles rather had an apotropic function than was connected with military cults. The sacrificed people were selected from the strongest and healthiest young people. The condition of the bones of the skull and dentition of the examined individuals definitely indicates a relatively low level of biological stress. Comparison of the skulls from Bystrovka-2 with the skull found at the Kulayka settlement of Bolshoi Log in Omsk showed the possibility of coincidence of some mythical and ritual practices among the Kamenka and Kulayka archaeological cultures. The intentional lesions found on the skulls from these two sites are functionally and anatomically fully identical. The first group of injuries observed at the base of the skull are traces of postmortem decapitation, the second found on the cranial vault is technological holes for fixing the head on a pole. The central element of the ritual in both cases was precisely placing the head on a pole and thus creating an apotrope indicating the border of the “clean” territory.","PeriodicalId":202037,"journal":{"name":"Camera Praehistorica","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116233595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Horse's hoof motif in the art of ancient nomads (genesis and symbolism)","authors":"V. Kisel","doi":"10.31250/2658-3828-2021-2-82-105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/2658-3828-2021-2-82-105","url":null,"abstract":"Among the motives of the ancient nomads’s art, the horse’s hoof attracts special attention of specialists. The sign of hoof is reproduced in the form of a schematic image of a part of a leg (sometimes a pair of hind legs) or an abstract pattern of the hoof’s footprint. Several regional cultural and stylistic areas can be distinguished. The first area is located in the Sayano-Altai region and adjacent territories. The figurative element of the hoof here is presented mainly on ladles and less often on cheek-pieces, and the abstract element of the hoof’s footprint placed on petroglyphs and harness buckles. The second area includes the Dnieper region, the Kuban region, the Caucasus and Iran, where both depicted elements are placed on the cheek-pieces. The South Ural is considered as a buffer zone where European and Asian influences collided. The figurative element here adorns mainly the cheek-pieces, while the abstract element decorates the buckles. The Khakass-Minusinsk Hollow and Kazakhstan are special areas with specific sets of items. The hoof signs in petroglyphs were depicted from the end of the Bronze Age up to the ethnographic time. The hoof signs on items appeared in the second half of the 8th – first half of the 7th century BC. The earliest finds were found in Altai. Probably the Asian territories played the most important role in the development of the hoof’s motive. The disappearance of the horse hoof images from nomadic art occurred in the 3rd century BC. In the second half of the 7th century BC the motive penetrated the Middle East with the carriers of the ancient nomadic culture. The motive of the horse’s hoof transformed into an additional detail of the animal’s figure — a mouth or an ear. The horse hoof was associated with certain ideas among the ancient nomads. The image of a horse’s hoof in petroglyphs served as a pictogram, ethnic or social emblem. The motive depicted on the objects could also serve as a symbol of a certain group of people. Presumably, these were the royal Scythians, known by the «History» of Herodotus, — an association of nomads those played a significant part in the formation of the archaic Scythian culture.","PeriodicalId":202037,"journal":{"name":"Camera Praehistorica","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123951866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The burial ground on Tankovoye Lake (Iturup Island): brief history and results of researches","authors":"O. Yanshina","doi":"10.31250/2658-3828-2021-2-58-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/2658-3828-2021-2-58-81","url":null,"abstract":"The burial ground located on a bank of Tankovoye Lake (Kuibyshevskoye) is one of the key sites in the archaeology of the Kuril Islands. This is due not only to the fact that huge archaeological collections reflecting all stages of peopling of the region have been collected here over many years of excavations but also to the fact that this burial ground still remains the only object of this kind throughout the entire islands chain. Moreover, apart of the burials themselves, the stone burial structures, which have not yet been recorded on other sites of the Kuril Islands, but have analogies in the Jōmon culture, were also revealed at the site. Interest in this site is also enhanced by recent genetic studies, which unexpectedly demonstrated a high level of genetic similarity of a person buried here with modern Koryaks and Itelmens. At the same time, despite the site’s uniqueness, it is heavily underrepresented in available scientific publications. Information about it can be found only in the field reports and in few the hard-to-reach regional publications. Therefore, this article provides a brief overview of all data gathered at this site. It is based on the field reports, data from the private archive of Y. Knorozov, museum collections of the Sakhalin Regional Museum, and on the results of the author’s own research as well. Summing up the outcomes of long-term researches, we have to state that the site’s unique objects remain almost unexplored. For many years, studies here were limited to visual examination, cleaning up of the dune opening, and surface artifact gathering. Therefore, the nature of the burial objects found at the site might be recognized only in the most general terms. Their cultural affiliation also remains questionable. Radiocarbon dates suggest that the early Epi-Jōmon epoch is most powerfully represented near the lake, while the bulk of the ceramics collected here belongs to the later stage of this epoch (in accordance with archaeological data from Hokkaido). In addition, artifacts of Middle and Final Jōmon, Okhotsk culture, Satsumon-Tobinitai culture, and Ainu are presented here as well. Presumably, people could bury their dead here during the epochs of Final Jōmon, Epi-Jōmon and, possibly, the Okhotsk culture.","PeriodicalId":202037,"journal":{"name":"Camera Praehistorica","volume":"2675 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132555141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The core principle is to put heart into your work","authors":"A. Kozintsev","doi":"10.31250/2658-3828-2021-2-152-157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/2658-3828-2021-2-152-157","url":null,"abstract":"Here is the interview with one of the most outstanding Russian physical anthropologist, the author of more than 250 scientific papers, published in the leading Russian and foreign publications, the creator of one of the areas of population studies — “ethnic cranioscopy”, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Chief Researcher of the MAE RAS Alexander G. Kozintsev, recently celebrated his 75th anniversary.","PeriodicalId":202037,"journal":{"name":"Camera Praehistorica","volume":"196 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130723754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}