Camera Praehistorica最新文献

{"title":"Cranial materials from the Oglakhty burial ground","authors":"A. Gromov, T. Savenkova","doi":"10.31250/2658-3828-2021-2-124-137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/2658-3828-2021-2-124-137","url":null,"abstract":"In this article means of cranial measurements and indexes of the Tashtyk sample from the Oglakhty burial ground obtained as a result of analysis and integration of the measurements of G. Debets, V. Alexeev and I. Gokhman are presented. Also we updated the means of the pooled Tashtyk sample. It was demonstrated that the Oglakhty cranial sample cover the whole spectrum of variability of the Tashtyk population. The data on 37 male and 35 female Early Iron Age series of the Tashtyk culture, Early Tes tombs, Tes flat-grave burial grounds, Podgornovo, Bidzha, and Saragashen stages of the Tagar culture, were subjected to canonical variate analysis. The results of the analysis reveals that Tashtyk male and female series are very similar to the Early Tes samples mainly due to higher cranial index in both male and female samples and smaller nose protrusion angle in male sample. Describing the variety of options for postmortem trepanations of the Tashtyk skulls, we argue that the trepanation process was not a ritual in itself, but was a routine procedure aimed at extracting the brain.","PeriodicalId":202037,"journal":{"name":"Camera Praehistorica","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130158650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sosruco Rockshelter: revision of materials of the excavation by S.N. Zamiatnin and the Upper Horizons Radiocarbon Chronology","authors":"Valery Manko, Guram Chkhatarashvili","doi":"10.31250/2658-3828-2021-2-36-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/2658-3828-2021-2-36-57","url":null,"abstract":"Recently new investigations of Sosruko site have been conducted. Unfortunately, the materials of the site have not been interpreted in the proper way. The main task of the article is to clarify the origin of stone industries of the Sosruko complexes. We suggest that complexes of the Layers M1 and M2 are related to the Kobuleti Culture of the Transcaucasia. This cultural phenomenon appeared in beginning of the 10th millennium BC as a result of the migration of the carriers of the M’lefaat Culture from the Middle East. Transcaucasia was not the end point of the M’lefaatian migration. Its further expansion resulted to the appearance of the Kukrek Culture in the Steppe zone of Ukraine and Moldova. The common elements of this material culture include the usage of pressing flaking, the presence of bullet-like cores, backed bladelets, bilateral burins, and the sporadic usage of microburin technique for manufacturing of the truncated facetted points. Some of the late materials from the M1 layer are associated with the Darkveti culture of the Transcaucasus. This culture appeared at the beginning of Boreal. The migration of carriers of the Darkveti Culture to Eastern Europe, which started in the 8th millennium BC, led to formation of the Matveev Kurgan and Grebeniki Cultures in the basins of Don, Dnieper, South Bug and Dniester. The common elements of these three cultures are the presence of the flat one- or two-platform monofrontal cores for obtaining the pressing blades and bladelets, symmetric trapezes. The materials from the layers M3 and M4 of Sosruko site demonstrate complete similarity with the Shan-Koba Culture of the Final Pleistocene – Early Holocene. The connection of the Shan-Koba Culture with the Karein B Culture in the South-West of Asia Minor is also considered. We see the similar geometric complexes in both cultures, the presence of low trapezes, symmetric lunates, triangles. Carriers of both cultures use the microburin technique for geometric microliths manufacturing. The migration of the Asia Minor inhabitants began during Bølling interstadial. The migrants reached the Central Caucasus in Allerød. The migration flows at the end of Pleistocene and the beginning of Holocene were the prelude of the Neolithization processes of Eastern Europe and Transcaucasia. The Shan-Kobian migration started a succession of movements of the Near East and Middle East populations to the East Europe and to Caucasus. The migrations of the carriers of the M’lefaat (Kobuleti) and Darkveti cultures led to the appearance of the global zones of informational continuity (Cultural-Historical Regions) in the frames of which the Neolithic innovations were spread in the area. The materials from the Sosruko Grotto give us an opportunity to reveal the chronology of the very beginning phases of the Neolithization in Eastern Europe.","PeriodicalId":202037,"journal":{"name":"Camera Praehistorica","volume":"323 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116434336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The studies on the Sungir Upper Paleolithic site in 2014–2015","authors":"K. Gavrilov, E. Voskresenskaya, D. Eskova, S. Lev, E. Mashchenko, A. Panin, Natasha A. Reynolds","doi":"10.31250/2658-3828-2021-2-8-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/2658-3828-2021-2-8-35","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the results of archaeological excavations carried out on the Sungir in 2014-2015. The main purpose of these works was to obtain new data on the spatial structure of the cultural layer of the Sungir site. The relevance of these studies is caused by still unsolved question of whether Sungir can be considered as a site with a complex archaeological stratigraphy or the features of its spatial structure are only the result of natural postdepositional processes. Descriptions and characteristics of the stratigraphy of sediments, the spatial organization of the cultural layer, the species’ attribution and taphonomy of the faunal collection, the typology and technology of the stone industry, as well as new radiocarbon dating are given. It is noted that the excavations of 2015 were conducted on the peripheral part of the accumulations which were opened in the excavation unit III by O.N. Bader. Most of the animal bones found during excavations can be considered as belonging to species that the settlers hunted. The analysis of the stone inventory allowed us to identify the following production chains of manufacture: the production of large flakes, the production of blades, and the production of thin bifaces. The data obtained during the typological and technological study of blades and bladelets make it possible to suggest the existence of the fundamental differences between the Sungir industry and the industries of the Aurignacian technocomplex. Predominance of large flakes in the Sungir stone industry, as well as the characteristic techniques in bifaces production, which were recorded in the collection, allow us to consider so-called Streletskian culture as a more reasonable analogy to it. The stratigraphic position both of artifacts and accumulations of archaeological material, as well as the spatial context of the dated bone samples from reconnaissance trench No. 4 (2014), support the conclusion that the cultural layer of the Sungir site was formed in several stages. The results of archaeological work carried out on Sungir in 2014–2015 indicate the real perspectives for its further study. One of the urgent tasks facing the researchers of this outstanding site is the reconstruction of the spatial structure, including its archaeological stratigraphy.","PeriodicalId":202037,"journal":{"name":"Camera Praehistorica","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122866951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the origin of the Early Iron Age Kashino population of Western Siberia (archaeological and dental non-metric data evidence)","authors":"A. Sleptsova, V. Yudakova","doi":"10.31250/2658-3828-2021-2-106-123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/2658-3828-2021-2-106-123","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, based on the analysis of the dental characteristics of the series from the burial ground Abatsky-3 (III–V centuries AD) we considered the questions of the origin of the Kashin population of Western Siberia of the early Iron Age. Despite the small number of the studied sample (16 individuals), the detailed morphological characteristics and the results of multivariate statistical analysis made it possible to clarify a number of hypotheses about the origins and relationships of the Early Iron Age Kashino population of Western Siberia. The specificity of the Kashino population from the Abatsky-3 burial ground lies in a high predominance of the “Eastern” dental non-metric complex, namely, in the high frequencies of the 6-cusps lower molars, the distal trigonid crest, and, to a lesser extent, the deflecting wrinkle on the first lower molars. This complex of characteristics clearly differentiates this population from the groups of the Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age of Western Siberia and adjacent territories. According to the results of our study, it can be assumed that populations of the Kashino and Sargat cultures (latter is the closest to the representatives of the Kashino culture in the territorial and cultural terms) have different origin and their contacts were based more on cultural rather than population interactions. The results of the analysis favor to the hypothesis of the penetration of the Kama population related to the Ananyino and Glyadenovo cultures into the Trans-Urals and suggest the contribution of the Ananyino groups in the formation of the Kashino population.","PeriodicalId":202037,"journal":{"name":"Camera Praehistorica","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123769482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of: Manko, V.O., Crimean Swiderian or Crimean PPNB? Camera praehistorica, 2020, no. 1 (4), pp. 8–26","authors":"E. Leonova","doi":"10.31250/2658-3828-2021-1-63-150-153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/2658-3828-2021-1-63-150-153","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":202037,"journal":{"name":"Camera Praehistorica","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122803228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sosruco Rockshelter: revision of materials of the excavation by S.N. Zamiatnin and the Upper Horizons Radiocarbon Chronology","authors":"E. Leonova","doi":"10.31250/2658-3828-2021-1-101-119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/2658-3828-2021-1-101-119","url":null,"abstract":"The new radiocarbon dates were obtained from samples of the collections from the excavations by S.N. Zamyatnin in 1955–1957 of the Sosruko Rockshelter in the Elbrus region. The Sosruko Rockshelter is a multi-layered site containing cultural horizons of the Iron Age, Mesolithic and Late Upper Palaeolithic. Clear stratigraphy of the Stone Age layers and representative collections were used to create periodization schemes of the development and change of the lithic industries of the late Pleistocene — early Holocene of the Caucasus. But the lack of radiocarbon dating did not allow determining their absolute age. Three samples of faunal remains of layers M1, M2 and M3 were analyzed. Obtained four radiocarbon AMS dates are in agreement not only with the sequence of deposits in the Rockshelter, but also with the data obtained for similar typological collections of the North-West Caucasus synchronous sites.","PeriodicalId":202037,"journal":{"name":"Camera Praehistorica","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116828668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hearths and hearth structures of the Pushkari I Upper Paleolithic settlement","authors":"V. Belyaeva","doi":"10.31250/2658-3828-2021-1-47-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/2658-3828-2021-1-47-62","url":null,"abstract":"At the Pushkari I Upper Paleolithic settlement three settlement complexes with dwellings, activity areas, and hearths have been excavated. All eight hearth of the Pushkari I site located in different parts of the cultural horizon are however territorially close to each other and identical as to their geological and cultural attribution. A comparative analysis of the hearths was aimed on reconstruction of ways of their construction and using. The study was based on a simple indication of the location of hearths found on three part of the settlement (Excavations II, V and VII) —outside and inside dwellings. As a result of the study, three groups of hearth structures, which were used in different ways, were identified. The most important feature of the “outdoor” hearths is numerous pits and depressions at their base. Investigating their shape, carbonaceous bone remains, and ethnogra- phic examples, we concluded that the large outdoor hearths were used as cooking areas. Meat could be fried on bones inserted vertically into the hearths. In some cases the hearths could be the centers of working activity areas (Excavation V). The hearths inside the dwellings were small in size and were surrounded by a number of specially working activity areas. These hearths were primarily used for dwelling heating (Excavations II and V). They could also carry some economic functions. The hearth inside the dwelling (Excavation VII) has all the characteristics of an external “kitchen” hearth, but also it had a secondary carbonaceous filling brought from outside. Such a hearth structure could be a heating and kitchen object in a special-purpose dwelling.","PeriodicalId":202037,"journal":{"name":"Camera Praehistorica","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129535958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidisciplinary Researches of Nebyshino 1 Site at the Upper Reaches of the Berezina River in 2018–2019","authors":"Igor Yаzepenka","doi":"10.31250/2658-3828-2021-1-120-140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/2658-3828-2021-1-120-140","url":null,"abstract":"Comprehensive multidisciplinary research was held in 2018–2019 at Nebyshino 1 site located in the Dokshitsky district, Vitebsk region, Belarus. The analysis archaeological materials obtained during excavations made along the mineral edge of the butte and in the peaty part of the settlement were supplemented by archaeobotanical study, analysis of the osteological materials, and radiocarbon dating of wood and bone remains from the cultural horizon. The analysis of Nebyshino 1 flint artifacts and synchronization with the dating of the osteological samples made it possible to consider the preboreal and boreal periods as the main stages in the functioning of the settlement. The flint collection of Nebyshino 1 displays similarities with the flint inventory of the Zamosh’e settlement (Verkhnedvinski district, Vitebsk region), located in the basin of the Western Dvina. The cultural attribution of the archaeological materials of Nebyshino 1 presupposes that the site is related to the Kunda culture. At present time the absolute chronology of Nebyshino 1 site can be considered within the framework of the Preboreal — Atlanticum, since the lower chronological boundary (the second half of the Alleroid — Late Dryas) requires archaeological and palynological confirmation. The upper boundary of the settlement is determined by two dates corresponding to the second half of the Atlantic period, and by the presence in the cultural horizon a small number of fragments of Early Neolithic pottery of the Narva culture.","PeriodicalId":202037,"journal":{"name":"Camera Praehistorica","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117119423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bone and antler artefacts from the Middle and Late Mesolithic layers of Ivanovskoye 7 in the collection of MAE RAS","authors":"M. Zhilin","doi":"10.31250/2658-3828-2021-1-63-100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/2658-3828-2021-1-63-100","url":null,"abstract":"A collection of bone artefacts from Mesolithic layers of the site Ivanovskoye 7, excavated by the Upper Volga expedition under direction of M.G. Zhilin was taken for permanent storage by MAE RAS in 2012. Three cultural layers yielded impressive collections of bone and antler artefacts of early, middle and late periods of the Butovo culture. Finds from the bottom layer are already described in detail [Zhilin 2018]. The present article is devoted to publication of bone and antler artefacts from the Middle and Late Mesolithic layers of this site. Further development of traditions of the bone industry of the bottom layer is observed in these layers. At the same time new tool types emerge, and some types of bone and antler artefacts widespread in the bottom layer are absent in the upper layers. Comparison of finds from Mesolithic layers of Ivanovskoye 7 with other peat bog sites of the Butovo culture indicates rather steady development of bone industry. During the whole period of its existence the population of the Butovo culture was equipped with a highly developed set of bone and antler artefacts needed for successful living in the forests of temperate zone. Bone industry of the Late Mesolithic layer of Ivanovskoye 7 found further development in the Early Neolithic Upper Volga culture.","PeriodicalId":202037,"journal":{"name":"Camera Praehistorica","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133420697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary data on preservation of the cultural layer of the Middle Paleolithic site of Sukhaya Mechetka (excavation 1)","authors":"A. Larionova","doi":"10.31250/2658-3828-2021-1-25-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31250/2658-3828-2021-1-25-46","url":null,"abstract":"The Sukhaya Mechetka Middle Paleolithic site which was excavated over a wide area (around 650 m2) is one of few Eastern European sites where 3D fixation of every find was done. The study is focused on estimation of cultural layer preservation in the excavation 1. This yielded possibility to define zones of different production activities within homogeneous horizons. The analysis of archaeostratigraphy demonstrated homogeneity of the most parts of cultural horizon. While its thickness usually varies from 5 to 35 cm in few cases it reaches 105 cm. It is suggested that most areas with disturbed cultural horizons are associated with a shift of control point or related near the ravine zone. This article presents preliminary results, research will continue. The archaeostratigraphy analysis for excavation 2, refitting data analysis, field documentation from the personal archive of S.N. Zamyatnin, quantitative and qualitative analysis of the composition of finds within different zones of the site will allow a more detailed understanding the problem posed.","PeriodicalId":202037,"journal":{"name":"Camera Praehistorica","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128794734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}