Physiologia plantarum最新文献

{"title":"Belowground Fungal Volatile Exposure Induces Systemic Metabolic Reprogramming in Poplar.","authors":"Peiyuan Zhu, Ina Zimmer, Prasath Balaji Sivaprakasam Padmanaban, Maaria Rosenkranz, Andrea Ghirardo, Jörg-Peter Schnitzler","doi":"10.1111/ppl.71147","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppl.71147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although trees encounter diverse soil-associated fungi, it is unclear how they adjust their physiology in response to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from fungi with contrasting ecological strategies before physical contact. Here, we tested whether VOCs emitted by fungi are sufficient to induce systemic, fungus-dependent metabolic responses in poplar. Populus × canescens roots were exposed to VOCs from a pathogen (Heterobasidion annosum), a saprotroph (Postia placenta), or an ectomycorrhizal mutualist (Laccaria bicolor) for 6 weeks in a contact-free pot-in-pot system. Untargeted LC-MS metabolomics was used to characterize VOC-induced metabolic reprogramming in roots and leaves. Fungal VOC exposure alone reconfigured root and leaf metabolomes, with both shared and fungus-dependent responses despite VOC exposure being restricted to the belowground compartment. Treatment-associated differences varied between tissues. H. annosum was associated with pronounced suppression of high-confidence features in leaves but a more balanced response in roots. P. placenta showed several uniquely upregulated root features together with selected lipid-associated changes, and L. bicolor produced comparatively few unique high-confidence changes. These results show that poplar can respond systemically and differentially to VOCs from contrasting fungal species before physical contact, while the extent to which these responses can be generalised across fungal lifestyles remains to be established.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"178 5","pages":"e71147"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149149233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Photons to Product - A Quantitative Study on Electron Fluxes in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 Applied for Oxygenase Catalysis.","authors":"Adrian Tüllinghoff, Lieselotte Van Looveren, Jörg Toepel, Bruno Bühler","doi":"10.1111/ppl.71126","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppl.71126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using Cyanobacteria as chassis strains can harness sunlight as an energy source for biotechnology. Their phototrophic lifestyle requires balancing energy assimilation (source) with nutrient assimilation and biomass formation (sink). It is hypothesized that extra carbon and/or electron sinks can increase photosynthetic efficiency, allowing redox biotransformations to tap into otherwise unused photosynthetic potential. We investigated physiological responses of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to the onset of an electron consuming biotransformation under three different sink scenarios. A heterologously expressed two-step cascade converting cyclohexanone to 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid served as a proxy for growth-decoupled consumption of photosynthetically generated electrons. Specific growth rates, specific quantum absorption, and effective quantum yield at photosystem II were assessed under steady state conditions. Balancing absorbed photons and generated electrons revealed an increased alternative electron flux upon heterologous gene expression, while the biotransformation (partially) rerouted this flux toward product formation. Despite the capacity of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to react to different sink conditions, high biotransformation rates could not be maintained, likely due to metabolic or enzymatic instabilities. Low-carbon conditions were most suitable to distribute reductants between growth and biotransformation, whereas high-carbon conditions enabled the highest quantum efficiencies. The physiological analysis of an oxygenation-active cyanobacterium represents an important cornerstone to optimize phototrophic metabolism for photo-biotechnological applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"178 5","pages":"e71126"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13659377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149166704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal Endophyte-Mediated Antibiotic and Antixenotic Plant Resistance to Herbivorous Insects.","authors":"Adil Tonğa, Shimaa Ghareeb, Mehrdad Alizadeh, Rizhao Chen, Tarikul Islam, Jamin Ali","doi":"10.1111/ppl.71098","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppl.71098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endophytic fungi reside within both above- and below-ground plant tissues and play pivotal roles in modulating plant fitness and immunity, particularly in the context of plant-insect interactions. They mediate plant defences through the production of bioactive compounds and the alteration of plant physiology, leading to antibiotic (affecting herbivore growth and survival) and antixenotic (deterring herbivore settlement) effects. This review synthesises current evidence on the mechanisms underlying these endophyte-mediated effects, highlighting how these interactions shape herbivore behaviour and performance. Antibiotic effects emerge through the production of secondary metabolites that disrupt herbivore digestion, development and reproduction. Simultaneously, antixenotic responses are driven by multiple mechanisms, including the synthesis of secondary metabolites, changes in plant surface chemistry and volatile emissions that reduce herbivore preference. In addition to their direct impact on herbivores, endophyte-mediated responses can influence higher trophic levels by enhancing plant attractiveness to natural enemies of herbivores, such as parasitoids and predators. These multifaceted defence strategies not only reduce herbivore damage but also contribute to broader ecological dynamics by mediating communication between above- and below-ground plant compartments. Understanding these effects is critical for advancing Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies, as endophytes offer a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to chemical pesticides.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"178 5","pages":"e71098"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13543929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148892163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to \"Powering Genome Editing in Rice by Harnessing Promising Gene Resources: A Comprehensive Roadmap\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/ppl.71091","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppl.71091","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"178 5","pages":"e71091"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13550951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148906846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silverleaf Nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium) Undergoes Guild-Specific Transcriptomic Reprogramming Against Chewing Versus Piercing Sucking Herbivory.","authors":"Arunsaikumar Karrem, Matthew Terry, Jagdish Jaba, Rupesh Kariyat","doi":"10.1111/ppl.71128","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppl.71128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Solanum elaeagnifolium (silverleaf nightshade, SLN) is a globally invasive perennial weed with reproductive plasticity and complex defence systems that significantly impact crop yields by invading fields of staple, commercial and ornamental crops. Despite being a host to multiple insect herbivores, the molecular programming enabling its rapid adaptation to defend against diverse feeding guilds remains poorly resolved. Here, we report a comprehensive de novo transcriptomic assembly and comparative analysis of S. elaeagnifolium challenged by two distinct herbivores: the piercing-sucking generalist cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora and the chewing specialist tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. Differential gene expression analysis revealed a massive difference in the scale of the plant's response; aphid infestation resulted in 14,799 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), whereas hornworm feeding triggered a more localized response of 4235 DEGs. Guild-specific co-expression networks and transcription-factor enrichment (907 DEGs in aphid-challenged versus 196 in hornworm-challenged) point to two distinct regulatory responses. This reprogramming strategy was characterized by enriched KEGG pathways for sphingolipid metabolism and MAPK signalling in aphids. Conversely, hornworm infestation resulted in significant enrichment of cell wall organization, pectin catabolism and callose synthesis. Functional enrichment of network hub genes further revealed aphid-specific chromatin remodelling and DNA repair activity, while hornworm hub genes were associated with ribosome biogenesis and auxin-responsive GH3-family enzymes implicated in jasmonate conjugation. These contrasting findings indicate that SLN does not deploy a generic wound response but instead reallocates transcriptional resources according to feeding mode. This guild-specific defensive plasticity likely underlies part of the exceptional invasive success of SLN across diverse environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"178 5","pages":"e71128"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13612146/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149040264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Here Comes the Sun: Xanthophylls as Components of Plant Memory.","authors":"José Ignacio García-Plazaola, Miren Irati Arzac, Águeda M González-Rodríguez, Laura Díaz-Jiménez, Alicia V Perera-Castro, Beatriz Fernández-Marín","doi":"10.1111/ppl.71136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.71136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It has been proposed that the de-epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle (AZ/VAZ) represents a mechanism of light memory storage in plants as it depends on the amount of light previously received by the leaf, later affecting the photosynthetic responses by modulating the rate of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). In this study we examine what the time window is for which the cumulative photon dose (CumPFD) best explains AZ/VAZ. For this purpose, we developed a field experiment in a boreal forest in Finland on 17 species representing all major functional groups. In all species AZ/VAZ correlated more strongly with CumPFD than with instantaneous light intensity, supporting its role as a form of light memory. Besides AZ/VAZ was linked to photochemical efficiency, demonstrating that it influences current photosynthetic performance. However, the duration of this memory differed among species, with some (mosses, ferns, herbs and deciduous woody plants) where AZ/VAZ best reflected CumPFD of the previous 2-5 h (short-term memory) and others (mainly evergreen species) where AZ/VAZ integrated CumPFD received for 10-15 h (long-term memory). Overall, these results show that AZ/VAZ fulfills the concept of a memory mechanism. Additionally, they pinpoint that this form of storage is transient, varies with plant functional types, and generally vanishes within 24 h.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"178 5","pages":"e71136"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13630484/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149113473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light-Harvesting Protein LHCB4 Is Important for Stable Dimeric Organization of Photosystem II.","authors":"Tereza Vánská, Monika Opatíková, Roman Kouřil, Zuzana Kučerová, Václav Karlický, Iva Ilíková, Marek Rác, Pavel Roudnický, Vojtěch Chýlek, Petr Ilík","doi":"10.1111/ppl.71144","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppl.71144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Light-harvesting protein LHCB4 is a monomeric antenna of photosystem II (PSII) that connects the PSII core (C) with strongly (S) and moderately (M) bound LHCII trimers, forming the stable dimeric supercomplex C₂S₂M₂. LHCB4 is known to stabilize LHCII attachment to the PSII core dimer (C₂). Here, we show that LHCB4 is essential for the intrinsic stability of the PSII core dimer itself, a fundamental structural unit required for efficient photochemistry. In the lhcb4 mutant, clear-native PAGE revealed the absence of C₂S₂M₍₂₎ and only small amounts of C₂S₂ and C₂S supercomplexes. Single-particle electron microscopy identified two types of C₂S₍₂₎ supercomplexes: a canonical configuration with an empty LHCB4 site and a more abundant \"packed\" structure, arising from a relative shift of the C(S) monomers. However, most PSII particles were present as monomeric CS complexes with attached LHCB5 antenna. In contrast, PSII analyzed directly in thylakoid membranes retained the canonical C₂ organization and even formed nonparallel associations of C₂S₂ supercomplexes, indicating that the \"packed\" C₂S₂ and CS forms arise during isolation due to reduced PSII dimer stability. The PSII core dimer also readily disintegrates in the mutant lacking all monomeric antenna proteins (NoM), implying that LHCB4 is critical for the stability of the C₂ dimer itself. Consistently, lhcb4 plants exhibited reduced thermal stability of PSII macro-organization and photochemistry in vivo. Our findings demonstrate that LHCB4 is not merely a peripheral antenna connector, but also an important structural determinant of PSII core dimer stability, underscoring its essential role in efficient photochemistry and photoprotection.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"178 5","pages":"e71144"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13651784/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149137720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Metabolomics of Sesame Cultivars in Response to Seed Deterioration Stress Treated With Cis-Cinnamic Acid.","authors":"Fatemeh Shakoori, Mahdieh Parsaeian, Parviz Heydari, Mehdi Baradaran, Maryam Akbari","doi":"10.1111/ppl.71159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.71159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Seed deterioration is considered an abiotic stress that has significant destructive effects on seed germination and seedling establishment in oilseed crops. In this study, the responses to seed deterioration in two sesame cultivars were evaluated based on seed and seedling vigor traits, along with the alteration in the metabolic profile. The investigations were conducted using a factorial experiment, including stress (deterioration and non-deterioration of seed) and cis-cinnamic acid pretreatment (0, 30, and 50 μM). Results showed that CA improved germination (25.5% to 50.8%) and seedling vigor (> 100%) in both cultivars, particularly under deterioration. Metabolomic profiling revealed that, in the untreated seeds of the more sensitive cultivar (Punjab), there was intense activation of glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, arginine-proline and glycine-serine metabolism pathways, together with the activity of the ammonia recycling pathway, representing an emergency attempt to compensate for impaired cellular energy availability, along with detoxification of harmful nitrogenous compounds. Conversely, CA pre-treatment led to the repression of costly metabolic pathways and the activation of the pentose phosphate pathway. The more tolerant cultivar (Varamin) displayed a coordinated metabolic adjustment to seed deterioration, involving integrated carbon-nitrogen metabolism and sustained redox homeostasis. CA pre-treatment further reinforced this intrinsic metabolic configuration by enhancing antioxidant defenses, improving nitrogen flux efficiency, and maintaining phenolic metabolism, thereby increasing reductive capacity and supporting metabolic homeostasis. Consequently, seed priming with CA can be recommended as an evidence-based, reliable management strategy to enhance seed physiological quality, mitigate deterioration-related losses, and ensure successful seedling establishment under field conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"178 5","pages":"e71159"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaf pH Polarization in the Seagrass Zostera marina Enhances Adaxial Surface CO₂ Formation and Photosynthesis-Driven Carbon Fixation.","authors":"Kasper Elgetti Brodersen, Maria Mosshammer, Zsófia Bognár, Michael Kühl","doi":"10.1111/ppl.71158","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppl.71158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Seagrass photosynthesis is often considered carbon-limited due to slow diffusion rates across leaf diffusive boundary layers (DBLs) and low CO₂ availability in seawater. Yet, seagrasses are important carbon sinks in coastal environments, enabled via CO₂ concentrating mechanisms (CCMs), allowing for bicarbonate (HCO₃ ^-) utilization in their photosynthesis. However, the role of DBL acidification in seagrass CCMs is not well described. Here, we used pH-sensitive planar optodes with micro-crystalline diamond powder, pH and O₂-sensitive optical sensor nanoparticles, and microsensor measurements to determine the pH, O₂, and inorganic carbon dynamics on the adaxial and abaxial domains of seagrass (Zostera marina L.) leaves. We provide first experimental evidence of seagrass leaf pH polarization via relative adaxial surface acidification, leading to enhanced CO₂ formation at the leaf surface via increased dehydration of HCO₃ ^- and carbonate equilibrium speciation shifts towards CO₂. This enabled enhanced photosynthetic O₂ evolution and CO₂ flux to the adaxial domain of leaves (i.e., ~2-fold higher CO₂ availability and flux as compared with the abaxial surface) under low light conditions and at the onset of photosynthesis during dark/light transitions under saturating light. Such a CCM-like mechanism for improved CO₂ formation around seagrass leaves can be vital in dense seagrass meadows with high diel fluctuations in water-column light, pH, and O₂ concentrations to sustain adequate carbon assimilation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"178 5","pages":"e71158"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13673395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Saline-Alkali Stress on Taxodium \"Zhongshanshan302\": Insights Into Wood Formation and Metabolic Adaptation.","authors":"Shichao Zhao, Shaofei Xing, Junyi Peng, Chaoguang Yu, Biao Pan, Jiangtao Shi","doi":"10.1111/ppl.71071","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppl.71071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Saline-alkali soils, commonly found in coastal regions, impose substantial environmental stress on trees, affecting both growth and wood formation. The mechanisms through which trees adapt to these conditions are multifaceted, primarily involving physiological and biochemical responses. Therefore, the impact on wood properties and associated metabolic pathways warrants further exploration. Two-year-old Taxodium \"Zhongshanshan302\" seedlings were cultivated in salinized soil, simulating the saline-alkali ion ratio typical of a coastal mudflat. The response of wood-forming tissues to salt-alkali stress was investigated through wood anatomy techniques, cell wall chemical analysis, and metabolomic profiling. The study demonstrated that mild to moderate saline-alkali stress promoted growth, enhancing lignification and cellulose crystallinity, while severe stress led to reduced lignin synthesis and delayed tracheid lignification. Moreover, metabolite analyses suggested that severe saline-alkali stress was associated with changes in carbohydrate metabolism and phenylpropanoid-related metabolism, which may contribute to reduced cellulose deposition and lignification in \"Zhongshanshan302.\" A distinctive mode of cellular osmotic regulation under saline-alkali stress was also delineated. The complex interplay between wood formation and saline-alkali stress responses was highlighted, providing valuable insights for tree management and wood production in affected regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"178 5","pages":"e71071"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13531251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148866351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}