Physiologia plantarum最新文献

{"title":"Integrated Molecular Defense Mitigating Salt Stress in Tomatoes Using Synergistic Signaling Molecules.","authors":"Md Rezaul Karim, Sharmin Sultana, Most Altaf-Un-Nahar, Md Rabiul Islam, Farzana Rahman, Sudipta Joydhar Pretha, Mohammad Golam Azam, Sajad Hussain, Xinghong Yang, Ulkar Ibrahimova, Mohammad Saidur Rhaman, Marian Brestic","doi":"10.1111/ppl.70344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.70344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salt stress severely compromises agricultural productivity worldwide, necessitating innovative defense strategies. While individual signaling molecules can enhance stress tolerance, their combined potential remains largely unexplored. This study introduces a novel triple-defense approach, investigating the synergistic effects of three signaling molecules (30 mM KNO₃, 0.2 mM H₂O₂, and 30 mM CaCl₂) in mitigating 100 mM NaCl-induced salt stress in tomato plants. Our comprehensive analysis revealed that salt stress significantly impaired plant growth parameters, including height, leaf SPAD value, biomass accumulation, and essential nutrient concentrations (K, Ca, Mg, S) in both leaves and roots. Salt stress also disrupted water relations and triggered oxidative stress, evidenced by increased sodium accumulation, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The strategic application of signaling molecules, particularly in combination, effectively counteracted these stress-induced alterations. KNO₃ emerged as the most potent individual defender, followed by CaCl₂ and H₂O₂, enhancing growth characteristics and antioxidant defense mechanisms through increased catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities. Notably, the simultaneous application of all three compounds demonstrated superior efficacy in alleviating salt stress impacts, establishing a robust defense mechanism through improved osmolyte accumulation (proline, soluble sugars) and reduced oxidative damage. This triple-defense strategy presents a promising approach for enhancing salt stress tolerance in tomato cultivation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"177 3","pages":"e70344"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144326635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Density-Tolerant Rapeseed Increased Population Yield by Enhancing Post-Anthesis Nonstructural Carbohydrate Translocation Efficiency in Stem.","authors":"Yifan Wang, Yueyao Wang, Renpeng Xing, Hongxiang Lou, Zhen Li, Yingying Sun, Qiangqiang Zhang, Jie Zhao, Zhenghua Xu, Jing Wang, Bo Wang, Jie Kuai, Guangsheng Zhou","doi":"10.1111/ppl.70341","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppl.70341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The stem nonstructural carbohydrate translocation efficiency could affect crop yield and lodging. However, the relationship between yield, lodging, and nonstructural carbohydrate transportation under high-density planting in rapeseed remains unclear. Therefore, field experiments with six varieties and two densities were conducted in 2020-2022 to investigate the effects of planting density on rapeseed yield, the limiting factors for yield increase under high-density planting, and the photosynthetic carbon metabolism characteristics of typical dense-tolerant materials. Results showed that: (1) As density increased, the yield of C31 (tall plant) significantly increased while that of N91 (short plant) significantly decreased with the largest decrease rate during the two growing seasons. The lodging index significantly increased as well under high density. Among the six varieties, the lowest lodging angle and stem lodging index of the upper parts were C31. (2) High-density planting reduced chloroplast density and chloroplast size, net photosynthetic rate, and enzyme activities of photosynthetic carbon metabolism. It also decreased starch content in leaves, stems, and siliques as well as the nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) transport amount and rate in stems. The NSC transport volume and transport rate in stems were significantly positively correlated with yield per plant and negatively correlated with the lodging index. (3) Under high-density planting, the NSC translocation rate and translocation amount in stems for C31 were significantly greater than those for N91. The density-tolerant material C31 had greater individual yield and lodging resistance as greater above-ground dry matter accumulation, stronger photosynthetic carbon metabolism, and NSC transport abilities under high-density planting.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"177 3","pages":"e70341"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144369142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of the LysR-type transcription factor PacR in regulating nitrogen metabolism in Anabaena sp. PCC7120.","authors":"Elisa Werner, Tuomas Huokko, Anita Santana-Sánchez, Silvia Picossi, Lauri Nikkanen, Antonia Herrero, Yagut Allahverdiyeva","doi":"10.1111/ppl.70248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.70248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120, heterocyst formation is triggered by changes in the C/N-ratio and relies on transcriptional reprogramming. The transcription factor PacR is considered a global regulator of carbon assimilation under photoautotrophic conditions, influencing the carbon concentrating mechanism and photosynthesis. It plays a role in balancing reducing power generation while protecting the photosynthetic apparatus from oxidative damage. However, PacR also binds to promoters of genes associated with heterocyst formation, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To explore this, we studied the response of a PacR-deletion mutant to a nitrogen source shift from ammonium to nitrate. The absence of PacR led to heterocyst formation in nitrate-containing media, as well as reduced growth and chlorophyll content. We observed impaired nitrate uptake and disrupted ammonium assimilation via the GS/GOGAT-cycle. This phenotype may stem from PacR-mediated regulation of key genes of nitrogen and carbon metabolism as well as photosynthesis. An impact on photosynthesis is also apparent in the mutant, including a slight decrease in the size of the photo-reducible Fed-pool, suggesting that a shortage of reducing equivalents may contribute to nitrogen metabolism impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"177 3","pages":"e70248"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12052932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144025252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological mechanisms and drought resistance assessment of four dominant species on the Loess Plateau under drought stress.","authors":"Qing Liu, Xiaoyang Xu, Jing Liang, Shiqi Zhang, Guoliang Wang, Ying Liu","doi":"10.1111/ppl.70261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.70261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The escalating frequency and severity of droughts have caused growth decline and increased mortality risk for plantations on the Loess Plateau. The main aim of this study was to explore the physiological mechanisms of four native dominant species during drought-induced mortality and evaluate their drought resistance capabilities. Drought was induced by withholding water from potted seedings, and we compared patterns in pit membrane damage, hydraulic function, and non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) dynamics across four tree species with distinct anatomical features. Our findings reveal species-specific vulnerability thresholds: Pinus tabulaeformis (-2.86 Mpa), Quercus liaotungensis (-1.92 Mpa), Robinia pseudoacacia (-0.109 Mpa), and Syringa reticulata (-0.93 Mpa). Additionally, drought stress was found to compromise pit membrane integrity, with water potential thresholds identified as R.pseudoacacia (-1.37 Mpa), S. reticulata (-2.20 Mpa), Q. liaotungensis (-2.39 Mpa), and P. tabulaeformis (-1.85 Mpa). The study concludes that R. pseudoacacia and S. reticulata exhibit greater susceptibility to hydraulic failure under severe drought conditions, leading to increased mortality risks. In contrast, Q. liaotungensis and P. tabulaeformis demonstrate enhanced drought tolerance and survival capacity. Our research elucidates the physiological mechanisms of drought-induced mortality, emphasizing the critical role of pit membrane damage in this process. These findings not only provide valuable insights into the drought resistance of native dominant species but also establish a scientific foundation for future artificial forest transformation initiatives on the Loess Plateau.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"177 3","pages":"e70261"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144035661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and metabolic adjustments for enhanced oxygen transport in Phragmites australis under anaerobic stress.","authors":"Motoka Nakamura, Takatoshi Nakamura, Ko Noguchi","doi":"10.1111/ppl.70236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.70236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wetland plants with high aeration capacity can produce energy and maintain growth in waterlogged, anaerobic soils. In this study, we aimed to gain insight into the survival mechanisms of wetland plants in anaerobic soils by comparing the morphological characteristics and respiratory metabolism of Phragmites australis with high aeration capacity under aerobic and anaerobic hydroponic conditions. We examined growth, root aerenchyma formation, O₂ concentration in roots, and respiratory traits in shoots and roots. In low-O₂ treatments,  P. australis exhibited morphological changes, including shorter shoots, more tillers, and increased adventitious root formation, which enhanced O₂ transport in waterlogged soils. The O₂ concentration in root aerenchyma significantly decreased toward the root tip in low-O₂ treatment. The O₂ uptake rates and maximal activities of alternative pathways were comparable between two O₂ treatments in both organs. The ratio of ATP production rate of the whole roots to that of the whole plant was low in plants grown in low-O₂ treatment. The maximal enzyme activities in the glycolysis and the TCA cycle were also comparable between O₂ treatments. However, under low-O₂ conditions, estimated ATP production rates and total ATP contents of whole shoots increased, but those of whole roots did not. The enhanced ATP production in shoots may support growth under low-O₂ conditions. In conclusion,  P. australis, with high aeration capacity, can adapt to long-term rhizosphere hypoxia by modifying morphological and respiratory traits in both shoots and roots. These ecophysiological traits may have applications in ecological engineering for improving wastewater and soil quality in anaerobic rhizospheres.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"177 3","pages":"e70236"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144028529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fulvic acid-releasing chitosan nanoparticles promote the growth and salt stress tolerance of soybean plants.","authors":"Vu Ngoc Huy, Nusrat Jahan Methela, Tiba Nazar Ibrahim Al-Azawi, Murtaza Khan, Mwondha Faluku, Alexander Brown, Da-Sol Lee, Ashim Kumar Das, Rabia Amir, Liny Lay, Bong-Gyu Mun, Yoohna Kim, Adil Hussian, Byung-Wook Yun","doi":"10.1111/ppl.70254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.70254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanotechnology offers several advantages over conventional inputs, with widespread application in agriculture. The current climate change crisis has accelerated the accumulation of salts in soils, which is a major challenge to global food security. Here, we synthesized fulvic acid-releasing chitosan nanoparticles (Ch-FANPs) for promoting soybean growth and salt stress tolerance. In a screening hydroponic experiment, 0.1 mM Ch-FANPs promoted plant growth and enhanced the growth parameters of pot-grown soybean plants significantly and modulated stomatal movement under control as well as salt stress conditions induced by 150 mM NaCl. Salt stress affected overall plant growth and reduced the chlorophyll content. However, plants treated with Ch-FANPs not only accumulated significantly higher chlorophyll under both control and salt conditions but also enhanced several above- and below-ground growth parameters by more than 50%. Interestingly, the Ch-FANP-treated salt-exposed plants accumulated ~30% less soluble proteins than untreated salt-stressed plants. Ch-FANPs-mediated protection against salt stress was related to the activation of antioxidant machinery as the highest ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity was recorded in Ch-FANPs-treated salt-stressed plants along with significantly low MDA and H₂O₂ contents. ICP-MS analysis showed a tremendously higher accumulation of Na⁺ ions (~35 ppm) in the leaves of salt-stressed plants compared to 19 ppm Na⁺ ions when also treated with Ch-FANPs. Salt-exposed plants treated with Ch-FANPs had the highest K⁺ content (~76 ppm) and Ca²⁺ (62 ppm). Furthermore, Ch-FANPs-mediated protection against salt stress was associated with a significant increase in the expression of salt stress marker genes GmSOS1, GmSOS2, GmNHX1, and GmP5CS1.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"177 3","pages":"e70254"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12053295/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144042508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surviving the Extremes: Seasonal Dynamics of Photochemical Performance in Plants From Cold-Arid Himalayan Mountains.","authors":"Thinles Chondol, Jorge Gago, Jaume Flexas, Javier Gulías, María José Clemente-Moreno, Jan Binter, Jiří Doležal","doi":"10.1111/ppl.70269","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppl.70269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plants in extreme environments face pronounced seasonal variations in abiotic conditions, influencing their growth and carbon gain. However, our understanding of how plants in cold-arid mountains sustain carbon assimilation during short growing seasons remains limited. Here, we investigate seasonal dynamics and interspecific variability in photochemical performance of 310 individuals, comprising 10 different dicotyledon plant species across 3100-5300 m in the NW Himalayas, spanning semi-deserts to subnival zones. From early June to late September, we measured F_v/F_m and ΦPSII, assessing ΦPSII relationships with leaf traits (N, P, C, C:N ratio, LMA, and LDMC) and environmental factors (temperature, soil moisture content, etc.). Our findings revealed that high-Himalayan plants maintained relatively stable photosynthetic performance (F_v/F_m = 0.7-0.85), indicating optimal function even under potential stress. Contrary to our hypothesis that ΦPSII peaks mid-season in alpine and subnival zones and early season in steppes and semi-deserts, it declined by 33% across species and habitats throughout the season. This decline was closely associated with nutrient depletion, leaf senescence, and energy-water limitations. Species exhibited distinct strategies, with some prioritising structural resilience over photosynthesis, while others optimised photochemical performance despite environmental constraints. Alpine and subnival plant performance was constrained more by soil moisture deficits and high temperatures than cold temperatures, while deep-rooted steppe and semi-desert plants were primarily constrained by high temperatures and evaporative forcing rather than soil moisture deficit. These results provide new insights into how Himalayan plants adapt to extreme environmental conditions, highlighting the crucial interplay between moisture and temperature in shaping their performance within cold-arid mountains.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"177 3","pages":"e70269"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12087433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whirly Transcription Factor NtWHY1 Positively Regulates the Biosynthesis of Cembranoid Diterpenoids by Directly Targeting NtCBTS in Tobacco.","authors":"Niu Zhai, Xiao Wei, Qingxia Zheng, Hui Zhang, Yalong Xu, Guoyun Xu, Leyu Zhang, Pingping Liu, Lifeng Jin, Jianfeng Zhang, Huina Zhou","doi":"10.1111/ppl.70280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.70280","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cembranoid diterpenoids, as crucial secondary metabolites in tobacco, play significant physiological roles and exhibit notable biological activities, while the transcriptional regulators governing their biosynthesis remain largely unexplored. A whirly transcription factor NtWHY1 is screened out by DNA pull down using the promoter of NtCBTS (cembratrien-ol synthase), a known key gene in the pathway of cembranoid diterpenoid biosynthesis. Further experiments revealed that NtWHY1 encodes a protein with dual localization in chloroplasts and the nucleus, and it is highly transcriptionally active in tobacco's glandular trichomes and leaves. The expression level of NtWHY1 is positively correlated with the expression level of NtCBTS, as well as the products of α-cembrenediol (α-CBD) and β-cembrenediol (β-CBD), two main cembranoid diterpenoids in tobacco. We also proved that NtWHY1 can directly bind to the promoter region of NtCBTS, with evidence from chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), dual-Luciferase (Dual-LUC) and electrophoretic mobility shift (EMSA) assays. Furthermore, ChIP assays have revealed that NtWHY1 silencing is correlated with reduced H3K9 acetylation and increased H3K27 methylation levels within the promoter region of NtCBTS. Collectively, our results elucidate a novel regulatory role of NtWHY1 in the biosynthesis of cembranoid diterpenoids, thereby advancing our understanding of plant secondary metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"177 3","pages":"e70280"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144120194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Phosphorus Deficiency on Leaf Surface Morphology: Absorption and Translocation of Foliar-Applied Phosphorus in Four Barley Cultivars.","authors":"Maja Arsic, Nicholas R Howell, Tom Cresswell, Gianluca Brunetti, Søren Husted, Jan Kofod Schjoerring, Daniel P Persson, Enzo Lombi, Casey L Doolette","doi":"10.1111/ppl.70263","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppl.70263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant nutrient deficiencies can modify leaf surface properties and may affect the absorption of foliar fertilisers. This study examined how plant P-deficiency modified the adaxial leaf surface morphology of four barley cultivars and whether these modifications could be linked to quantitative differences in foliar-applied P absorption. Four Australian barley cultivars were grown hydroponically under P-sufficient and P-deficient conditions. A ³²P radiolabelled foliar phosphate solution was applied to adaxial leaf surfaces for 2 or 7 days to investigate absorption and translocation. All cultivars showed different responses to P-deficiency (stomatal density, trichome density, thickness of the epidermal cell wall and cuticle). However, no clear trends were observed among the cultivars in their responses to P deficiency. Cultivars absorbed foliar-applied P regardless of plant P status. Remobilisation occurred from the treated leaf to untreated shoots in all but one cultivar. While P-deficient plants absorbed and accumulated significantly less foliar-applied P after 7 days, this was not linked to measured changes in stomatal or trichome density or the thickness of the epidermal cell wall and cuticle. Autoradiographs revealed that ³²P accumulation was limited to newly emerging leaves in P-deficient plants, while P-sufficient plants also remobilized and accumulated ³²P into older leaves and tillers. Relatively high P absorption (> 65% of foliar-applied P) in both P-sufficient and P-deficient plants suggests that foliar-applied P may be a useful fertiliser top-up strategy for barley. Due to the lower absorption in P-deficient barley, foliar applications should be made before severe P-deficiency symptoms are apparent to improve absorption.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"177 3","pages":"e70263"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12096420/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144120577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overexpression of PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR 5a Promotes Bud Break in Populus.","authors":"Fei Yang, Haili Tan, Xiaorong He, Lan Zhu, Wei Liu, Tao Long, Chenlin Li, Xiaolan Yue, Lucas Gutiérrez Rodríguez, Wenrong Tan, Yinan Yao","doi":"10.1111/ppl.70316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.70316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perennial trees adjust to external annual variations in light and temperature, synchronizing dormancy-growth phases through the circadian clock. In Arabidopsis, PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR (PRR) proteins have been identified as core components of the plant circadian oscillator, negatively regulating the circadian clock and affecting a wide array of biological processes, including seed germination, hypocotyl growth, flowering, and stress responses. However, the roles that PRR might play in perennial trees-affecting seasonal growth cycles-remain poorly understood. In this study, we first identified PtoPRR5a as a potential regulator of bud break in Populus. Second, the expression of PtoPRR5a was low at active apices during the growing season, while it kept increasing, induced by short photoperiod and chilling temperatures, during autumn, and peaked in winter. Third, the genetic evidence presented here demonstrates that overexpressing PtoPRR5a promotes early bud flush by upregulating the expression of PtoFT1 and PtoEBB3, two key activators of bud break. Fourth, our comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals that genes co-regulated by PRR5a and FT1 were enriched in pathways related to cell proliferation and defense, revealing a functional link between the PRR5a and FT1 pathways during bud break.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"177 3","pages":"e70316"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144216595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}