Physiologia plantarum最新文献

{"title":"High Environmental Irradiance Induces Anatomical and Ultrastructural Damage in Citrus Leaves.","authors":"Lucas Giovani Pastore Bernardi, João Paulo Rodrigues Marques, Gabriel Antonio Bortoloti, Rodrigo Marcelli Boaretto, Dirceu Mattos","doi":"10.1111/ppl.70901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.70901","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change is intensifying episodes of high irradiance and thermal stress, posing a major threat to the sustainability of citrus production. Although reflective particle films have emerged as mitigation tools, their protective effects at the anatomical and ultrastructural levels under field conditions remain insufficiently understood. Here, sweet orange plants (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Valencia) were exposed to full sunlight, shaded or treated with kaolin or calcium carbonate particle films, and leaves were examined using light and electron microscopy, alongside foliar nutrient analysis. Exposure to full sunlight caused disruption of thylakoid membranes and mitochondrial ultrastructural alterations consistent with stress-associated metabolic imbalance, increased plastoglobule accumulation, and alterations in oil cavities, indicating sustained photo-oxidative pressure. These effects were accompanied by marked anatomical changes, including cell hyperplasia and reduced intercellular air spaces, together with elevated foliar K and Mg concentrations that may reflect stress-driven changes in leaf structure and ion homeostasis. In contrast, both particle film treatments preserved cellular and organelle integrity comparable to that of shaded plants, demonstrating that the structural injury observed under full sunlight is directly attributable to excess irradiance. This study provides mechanistic evidence of the limits of citrus leaf structural tolerance to high irradiance and establishes a detailed anatomical and ultrastructural baseline to support the development of more effective mitigation strategies under adverse field climate conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"178 2","pages":"e70901"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13099279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147778456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Integral Hybrid Polymeric Biostimulant to Cope With Drought Stress in Bread Wheat.","authors":"Aldo Borjas, Tsiky Andriantelomanana, Céline Dupuits, Said Mouzeyar, Cédric Delattre, Jane Roche","doi":"10.1111/ppl.70859","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppl.70859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drought-induced water scarcity is a pressing challenge in agriculture, as it is exacerbated by climate change. Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) have emerged as effective tools to mitigate drought stress by improving soil water retention and nutrient delivery. However, the environmental concerns surrounding synthetic SAPs necessitate the development of sustainable, biobased alternatives. This study evaluates the efficacy of two innovative biobased SAPs, alginate-based (SAP) and alginate-chitosan-based (BioSAP), compared to a commercial polyacrylate (PAK) in enhancing drought resilience in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum). Physiological parameters, including Turgor Loss Point (TLP), leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, electrolyte leakage, and proline content, were monitored under well-watered and drought-stressed conditions. The results demonstrate that BioSAP significantly improved drought tolerance by enhancing osmotic adjustment, delaying TLP. BioSAP-treated plants exhibited superior resilience, with reduced cell damage and moderated proline accumulation, indicating efficient stress tolerance. The dual functionality of BioSAP, combining water retention with biostimulant properties, promoted metabolic adaptations, including solute mobilization and cell wall rigidity. These findings highlight the potential of biobased SAPs, particularly BioSAP, as a sustainable alternative for drought stress mitigation, contributing to environmentally friendly and efficient agricultural practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"178 2","pages":"e70859"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13088761/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147699535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iron Deficiency Reprograms Lateral Root Growth via TAR2-Dependent Auxin Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis.","authors":"Budha Ratna Rav, Santosh B Satbhai","doi":"10.1111/ppl.70828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.70828","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Auxin plays a central role in shaping root system architecture (RSA) by regulating cell division, differentiation, primary root elongation, and lateral root (LR) initiation and emergence. Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient required for photosynthesis, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and redox metabolism. Fe availability has a significant impact on plant health, development, and yield. Here, we investigate the role of the auxin biosynthetic gene TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE RELATED2 (TAR2) in coordinating LR development and Fe homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Fe deficiency increased auxin accumulation in roots, as observed through DR5rev:GFP reporter activity, and this response required TAR2 function to drive Fe deficiency-induced modifications to RSA. The tar2-1 mutant displayed significantly reduced visible LR numbers, total LR length and LR density. Yeast one-hybrid assays identified several Fe deficiency-responsive bHLH transcription factors, including bHLH34, bHLH38, bHLH39, and PYE, that directly bind the TAR2 promoter, indicating a regulatory link between Fe signaling and auxin biosynthesis. Together, our findings support that TAR2-dependent local auxin biosynthesis is a major contributor to LR development and the adaptive reprogramming of RSA in response to Fe deficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"178 2","pages":"e70828"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147378306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen Fertilization Reshapes Nutrient Resorption, Leaf Economic Traits, and Biomass Allocation in Female and Male Populus cathayana.","authors":"Wenjie Liu, Jiani Wu, Junhao Liang, Wendi Xu, Jungang Han, Lei Yu","doi":"10.1111/ppl.70825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.70825","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nitrogen (N) enrichment is increasingly prevalent in terrestrial ecosystems and can profoundly alter plant nutrient-use strategies. However, how dioecious tree species integrate nutrient resorption, growth allocation, and leaf economic traits across nitrogen fertilization gradients remains poorly understood. Here, we examined sex-specific responses of nutrient resorption efficiency, biomass accumulation, root-to-shoot (R/S) ratios, and leaf economic traits, including leaf thickness, leaf mass per area (LMA), and leaf vein density (LVD), in female and male Populus cathayana subjected to four N fertilization levels (0-200 mg kg^-1). Nitrogen fertilization markedly increased biomass and net photosynthetic rate while reducing the R/S ratio in both sexes, reflecting a shift toward aboveground investment. Leaf economic traits declined with increasing N supply, indicating a transition toward a fast-return resource-use strategy. Nitrogen resorption efficiency (NRE) decreased significantly under nitrogen enrichment, whereas phosphorus resorption efficiency (PRE) increased and resulted in NRE:PRE ratios < 1 across fertilization levels, revealing a nitrogen-induced phosphorus limitation. Correlation analyses further showed that NRE was positively associated with R/S ratio, leaf thickness, LMA, and LVD but negatively related to total biomass, whereas PRE exhibited opposite trends. These coordinated responses highlight that P. cathayana integrates growth allocation, leaf morphological adjustments, and nutrient resorption to maintain stoichiometric balance under nitrogen fertilization. The findings offer new insights into nutrient-use strategies in dioecious tree species and contribute to predicting plant adaptation under anthropogenic nitrogen deposition.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"178 2","pages":"e70825"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147378354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulatory Role of Ubiquitin-Proteasome System in Plant Responses to Drought Stress.","authors":"Shengjie Yan, Yutao Huang, Yunlin Zeng, Dongyang Lei, Xianwen Zhang","doi":"10.1111/ppl.70821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.70821","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Protein stability, which is precisely regulated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), constitutes a fundamental mechanism in plant physiology under drought stress. While drought signaling cascades are well-studied, the specificity and molecular basis of the UPS-mediated protein degradation remain relatively fragmented. Plants harness ubiquitination-related components, especially E3 ubiquitin ligases, as they are central signal integrators to regulate drought stress responses. These E3 ligases directly modulate the abscisic acid (ABA) cascade pathway and orchestrate crosstalk with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling, always acting downstream of ABA. Being an integral part of the UPS, the structural stability of the 26S proteasome significantly affects plant responses to dehydration conditions. Furthermore, SUMOylation serves as an additional regulatory layer in shaping plant drought tolerance. The current review summarizes the mechanisms of drought response regulation governed by the UPS and offers perspectives for breeding elite drought-tolerant crop varieties.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"178 2","pages":"e70821"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147434810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRISPR/dCas9-Mediated BRL3 Activation Enhances Growth and Metabolic Resilience Under Osmotic Stress in Nicotiana tabacum.","authors":"Francisca Parada, Pamela Cabedo-Díaz, Ariel Cerda, Claudio Osorio-Navarro, Jorge A Toledo, Luis Villalobos-González, Michael Handford, Paula Pimentel","doi":"10.1111/ppl.70816","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppl.70816","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brassinosteroids (BRs) are crucial plant hormones that influence growth and stress adaptation. However, the specific function of the BR receptor BRL3 under osmotic stress remains largely unexplored outside Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, we used a CRISPR/dCas9-based transcriptional activation (CRISPRa) system to upregulate the Nicotiana tabacum BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE-LIKE 3 receptor (NtBRL3) and assessed its impact on osmotic stress tolerance. Synthetic activation vectors were constructed using Loop Assembly, featuring dCas9-6TAL-VP128 modules driven by either a constitutive (CaMV35S) or ABA-inducible (SlAREB) promoter, paired with dual sgRNAs targeting the NtBRL3 promoter. Transient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation followed by PEG treatment was used to impose osmotic stress. RT-qPCR confirmed a 3- to 4-fold activation of NtBRL3 transcripts in CRISPRa-infiltrated leaves. The stress-inducible SlAREB promoter produced the strongest improvements, yielding nearly four-fold higher leaf biomass and a five-fold increase in root biomass relative to PEG-stressed controls. Both constructs reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, indicating diminished oxidative damage, and modulated osmoprotectant balance, including reduced root proline and increased total soluble solids, particularly under SlAREB-driven activation. Histological segmentation revealed promoter-dependent anatomical remodeling, with NtBRL3-activated plants exhibiting a higher frequency of enlarged leaf cells and expanded tissue domains, consistent with brassinosteroid-mediated structural plasticity. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that CRISPR/dCas9-mediated transcriptional activation of NtBRL3 enhances osmotic stress resilience in tobacco through coordinated biomass recovery, oxidative stress mitigation, osmolyte homeostasis, and tissue remodeling. This transient, non-integrative CRISPRa approach provides a robust synthetic biology framework for dissecting BR signaling and engineering stress-tolerant crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"178 2","pages":"e70816"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147390575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of Source-Sink Carbon Partitioning for Improving Rice Yield.","authors":"Qiuqian Hu, Jun Zhang, Yi Yao, Ke Xu, Zhongyang Huo, Guohui Li","doi":"10.1111/ppl.70847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.70847","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rice yield formation depends on the efficiency of photosynthetic carbon assimilation and its spatiotemporal partitioning into grains. Despite advances in identifying key genes and pathways, an integrated framework linking dynamic carbon flow regulation across source, sink, and vascular transport (flow) remains elusive. This article reviews recent insights into the physiological and molecular networks controlling source-sink carbon allocation and environmental response mechanisms in rice, emphasizing the crosstalk between sugar signaling (T6P-SnRK1), phytohormones, and transcriptional regulation. We further propose a carbon flow engineering framework that combines precision gene editing, growth regulator intervention, and climate-smart cultivation to synchronize carbon fixation, transport, and storage. This integrative approach provides novel targets for developing high-yielding, resource-efficient rice varieties resilient to environmental fluctuations.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"178 2","pages":"e70847"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147513965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Bermudagrass CdbZIPs-CdsHSP16.970 Regulatory Module Enhances Osmotic Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis.","authors":"Di Yang, Weiliang Wang, Xiaoqu Yi, Simin Wu, Chunling Liu, Jingru Lai, Meiling Wu, Zhengfu Fang, Guomei Yin, Nasser Kouadio Yao, Lin Xiang, Yanping Wang, Zhulong Chan","doi":"10.1111/ppl.70850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.70850","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) act as molecular chaperones that protect other proteins from damage caused by stress-induced denaturation. Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) is a broadly adopted forage and turfgrass known for its capability to withstand various abiotic stresses. However, the biological pathways by which sHSPs promote drought tolerance in bermudagrass remain unclear. In this study, 99 sHSPs were characterized in the bermudagrass genome. Drought stress led to the induction of the majority of these genes with CdsHSP16.970 showing the most significant induction. Overexpression (OE) of CdsHSP16.970 promoted root elongation and improved seedling growth performance in transgenic Arabidopsis lines under osmotic stress, with reduced electrolyte leakage (EL) and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) deposition compared with the control. Meanwhile, several stress-related genes were significantly induced in CdsHSP16.970-OE plants when subjected to osmotic stress compared to the control group. Two basic leucine zipper transcription factors, CdbZIP04 and CdbZIP65, were also induced by drought stress in bermudagrass. Further investigation using electrophoretic mobility shift assay, yeast one-hybrid and dual-LUC assays revealed that they directly and specifically bind to the upstream regulatory region of CdsHSP16.970, consequently promoting its expression. In summary, our results suggest that the CdbZIPs-CdsHSP16.970 cascade positively regulates the osmotic stress signaling pathway in bermudagrass.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"178 2","pages":"e70850"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147494122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unleashing the Potential of Engineered Nanoparticles in Mitigating Abiotic Stress in Plants: A Review.","authors":"Ajay Govindaraj, Raja Kalimuthu, Kannan Pandian, Karthikeyan Muthusamy, Marimuthu Subramanian, Boominathan Parasuraman","doi":"10.1111/ppl.70867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.70867","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abiotic stress is a major problem which threatens agricultural productivity and global food security. Drought, extreme temperatures, salinity, and heavy metal contaminations cause disturbances in plant cellular homeostasis, impair metabolic processes, and reduce crop yields. Plants possess innate defense mechanisms against abiotic stresses by expressing stress-responsive genes, accumulating osmo-protectants, and the activation of antioxidant enzymes. Failure of these defense mechanisms under prolonged stress conditions leads to homeostatic imbalances. Recently, nanotechnological approaches like nanoparticle-mediated delivery systems have been developed to enhance the plants' resilience against stress conditions. Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) have unique physicochemical properties such as a high surface area, high reactivity, and a tunable surface chemistry. These properties enable the nanoparticles to interact with plant systems at molecular and cellular levels, modulate stress signaling pathways, trigger the upregulation of stress-responsive genes, and reduce oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant enzymes' activity. However, under certain environmental conditions, ENPs may also induce oxidative damages and exhibit phytotoxicity. This review encompasses a comprehensive overview on the role of nanoparticles in abiotic stress management, along with detailed insights into the biosafety and environmental toxicity of ENPs. Overall, the review highlights the novel insights of ENPs-plant interactions and identifies existing knowledge gaps through a systematic literature review to guide future research towards sustainable agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"178 2","pages":"e70867"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147675877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light as the Master Regulator: Photoreceptor-Mediated Pathways in Hormonal and Epigenetic Switches of Fruit Ripening.","authors":"Sayan Pal, Abir Das, Malay Kumar Adak","doi":"10.1111/ppl.70881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.70881","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fruit ripening, the penultimate stage before senescence, is exclusively regulated by light, which signals and activates ripening-specific genes. Building on light's regulatory role in development, this review updates on signaling pathways, including phytochrome, cryptochrome, phototropins, and wavelength receptors, that are involved in gene activation during ripening. Understanding CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) and ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) as the principal hub of light perception and downstream modulation for transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome activities, the synergism of hormonal influence is discussed. The precise wavelengths of light and their effects on major growth hormones, such as ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA), and auxin, are discussed in relation to the progression of ripening metabolism and the regulation of specific transcription factors. This review points out regulatory factors like ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR E4 to alter auxin's promoter binding activity, allowing ethylene sensitivity. The major focus is on ethylene response factors, MADS-box genes, and bZIP proteins for the molecular regulation of ripening-induced fruit coat hydrolysis, aroma production, and respiratory burst. The genetic mutation was elucidated in the context of the RIPENING INHIBITOR (RIN) and NON-RIPENING (NOR) factors in tomato genotypes, which share similar sequences with other crops, such as strawberry. The review also highlights epigenetic control through chromatin remodeling, methylation/demethylation reactions, and histone modifications, providing further insight into the light's influence on the extra-transcriptome affair. Collectively, this review concludes that light is a major molecular switch in pathways of hormonal, genetic, and epigenetic functions, contributing to advances in postharvest preservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"178 2","pages":"e70881"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147691247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}