Physiologia plantarum最新文献

{"title":"Microbial Volatile 3-Methyl-1-Butanol Enhances Stomatal Closure and Salt Stress Tolerance via Ethylene and Jasmonate Pathways in Arabidopsis.","authors":"Tu-Trinh Thi Truong, Chung-Chih Huang, Chi-Chou Chiu, Pei-Yu Su, Ching-Han Chang, Shang-Che Kuo, Ying-Lan Chen, Tetsuro Mimura, Ruey-Hua Lee, Takashi Gojobori, Hao-Jen Huang","doi":"10.1111/ppl.70383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.70383","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microbial biostimulants can be applied to reliably improve crop productivity and quality. One such biostimulant is 3-methyl-1-butanol (3MB), a microbial volatile compound released by various plant growth-promoting microbes, which has gained recent attention due to its ability to promote plant growth and enhance stress tolerance. Previous studies have shown that 3MB induces stomatal closure and enhances salt stress tolerance in plants; however, its mode of action in these processes remains poorly understood. In this study, 6-day-old Arabidopsis seedlings were fumigated with 3MB (1 mg L^-1) for 3 days, resulting in significant transcriptomic changes compared to untreated controls. Transcriptome analysis revealed 452 differentially expressed genes (256 upregulated and 196 downregulated by 3MB), among which several ethylene (ET)- and jasmonate (JA)-related genes were upregulated. Interestingly, 3MB induced stomatal closure and salt stress tolerance in wild-type plants but not in ethylene-responsive factor 4 (erf4) and jasmonate resistant1 (jar1-1) mutants. A metabolomic analysis further revealed a significant increase in JA and anthocyanin contents following 3MB treatment. Together, these findings suggest that 3MB-induced stomatal closure and salt stress tolerance are mediated by ET and JA signaling pathways in Arabidopsis, with potential involvement of anthocyanins. This study deepens our understanding of plant immune responses and highlights the potential of microbial biostimulants for sustainable crop improvement strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"177 4","pages":"e70383"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ferritin-Mediated Iron Homeostasis and Bacterial Shifts Are Associated With Drought Adaptation in Sorghum.","authors":"Ahmad H Kabir, Philip Brailey-Crane, Mostafa Abdelrahman, Jean Legeay, Bulbul Ahmed, Lam-Son Phan Tran, Jeffrey L Bennetzen","doi":"10.1111/ppl.70388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.70388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drought stress significantly impairs growth and microbial interactions in sorghum. This study explores the transcriptional and microbial shifts in sorghum under drought, revealing key adaptations to water deficit. LC-MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry) analyses revealed that drought stress induced abscisic acid while significantly reducing jasmonic acid levels in sorghum roots, likely due to resource conservation strategies during drought. Transcriptional reprogramming highlighted the upregulation of genes in the roots involved in mineral homeostasis (Ferritin 1, Iron dehydrogenase, Nitrate transporter 1), hormone signaling (Ethylene-insensitive protein 3, Gibberellin 2-oxidase), and osmotic regulation (Aquaporin, Dehydrin), underlining key adaptive responses to maintain nutrient uptake, redox status, and cellular turgor. In Fe-supplemented plants, increased Fe in roots correlated with increased Ferritin 1 expression, improved plant health, and reduced Fenton reaction rate and H₂O₂ levels. This suggests that ferritin helps mitigate drought-induced oxidative stress in sorghum. Drought reduced root-associated bacterial diversity and richness while enriching drought tolerance-associated genera, such as Burkholderia, Caballeronia, and Paraburkholderia, known for promoting plant growth through auxin production, phosphate solubilization, and siderophore-mediated iron acquisition. In contrast, fungal diversity and richness remained unchanged, dominated by Talaromyces, which showed a statistically non-significant increase under drought. Random forest models could not identify functional predictors for fungi but revealed a shift in bacterial functional groups under drought, with enrichment in phototrophy, methylotrophy, and nitrate reduction, traits emphasizing microbial roles in nutrient cycling and drought adaptation of sorghum. This study provides insights into the role of ferritin and potential bacterial bioinoculants that could enhance sorghum resilience to drought.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"177 4","pages":"e70388"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144608985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-Frame Deletion Mutant of eIF4E1 Attenuates Cucumber Mosaic Virus Virulence by Interfering With 2b Function in Tomato.","authors":"Sozib Ghos, Ayaka Kawakubo, Md Shamim Akhter, Akinori Yoshimura, Miyuki Suto, Kami Murakami, Chiaki Konishi, Hiroki Atarashi, Kenji S Nakahara","doi":"10.1111/ppl.70369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.70369","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) family is essential for host gene expression and is also exploited by certain viruses for viral replication. Mutations in plant eIF4E genes disrupt their interactions with viral proteins and confer resistance to various viruses. Previously, we showed that CRISPR/Cas9-edited tomato plants with a 9-nucleotide deletion (9DEL) in the eIF4E1 coding sequence exhibited enhanced resistance to cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Here, we investigated the underlying mechanism of this resistance. We found that both wild-type and 9DEL-eIF4E1 proteins bind to the CMV 2b protein. 2b is a multifunctional protein, and our results indicate that its binding to eIF4E1 at least interferes with its RNA silencing suppression activity. In inoculation tests, CMV lacking 2b failed to establish systemic infection in tomato plants but retained the ability to establish systemic infection in Nicotiana benthamiana, indicating that 2b targeting is more effective in tomato. Our data suggest that 9DEL-mediated CMV resistance arises from a modified function of 9DEL-eIF4E1, which interferes with the activity of CMV 2b. This study is the first to demonstrate the interaction between eIF4E and CMV 2b.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"177 4","pages":"e70369"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144560801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"S-RNase Internalisation and Vacuolar Targeting via Clathrin-Dependent Endocytosis Mediate Interspecific Pollen Rejection in Nicotiana.","authors":"Sandra Rios-Carrasco, Emilio García-Caffarel, Yuridia Cruz-Zamora, Edgar Jiménez-Díaz, Felipe Cruz-García","doi":"10.1111/ppl.70418","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppl.70418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Nicotiana, the multiallelic S-locus controls self-incompatibility (SI), which encodes S-RNases in the pollen's pistil and S-locus F-box (SLF) proteins. Their interaction mediates S allele-specific pollen rejection, preventing self-fertilisation. Beyond its role in SI, the S-locus also contributes to unilateral interspecific (UI) incompatibility, where self-incompatible pistils reject pollen from self-compatible species. Experimental evidence indicates that S-RNases alone can mediate UI. In transgenic Nicotiana tabacum-a naturally self-compatible species-expression of the S-RNase is sufficient to trigger self-pollen rejection, demonstrating that S-RNases can function independently of a complete SI system. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying S-RNase-mediated factor-independent UI remain unclear. To explore this, we analysed S-RNase trafficking in N. tabacum, which lacks endogenous S-RNases and SLFs. Pollen tube assays and confocal microscopy showed that S-RNases are internalised via clathrin-mediated endocytosis and transported in vesicles to vacuoles. Disruption of vacuoles releases S-RNases into the cytoplasm, coinciding with RNA degradation. These findings reveal an SLF-independent pathway for S-RNase internalisation, sequestration, and release, supporting that S-RNase compartmentalisation underlies pollen rejection between self-compatible and self-incompatible Nicotiana. This mechanism may be central in evolving interspecific reproductive barriers within the genus.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"177 4","pages":"e70418"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12279473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144682870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Belowground Interactions in a Barley Cultivar Mixture: Root Distribution and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Contributions to Uptake of Heterogeneous Phosphorus.","authors":"Lorène Siegwart, Dorette Müller-Stöver, Dorte Bodin Dresbøll, John Larsen, Tino Colombi, Thomas Keller, Frederik van der Bom","doi":"10.1111/ppl.70363","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppl.70363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cultivar mixtures have the potential to mitigate abiotic stress and stabilize crop yields, but their belowground dynamics remain poorly understood. We evaluated phosphorus (P) uptake by two contrasting spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars (\"Anneli\" and \"Feedway\"), grown either in 50:50 mixture or as pure stand. The cultivars were grown in mesocosms under four P fertilization treatments: low-P, homogeneous high-P (90 mg P/kg), and localized P hotspots (100 mg P) placed either in the topsoil (5 cm) or subsoil (35 cm). To trace P uptake pathways, the hotspots were labeled with 33P and enclosed in mesh bags allowing only mycorrhizal hyphae (25 μm) or both roots and hyphae (2 mm) to access the hotspot. After 35 days, we measured aboveground biomass, total P content, ³³P specific activity, and root biomass, length, diameter, and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) root colonization. In the mixture, reduced P uptake by \"Feedway\" led to lower overall performance compared to pure stand. Root modifications in the mixture did not enhance biomass or P acquisition, potentially due to decreased AMF colonization. Although different P placements altered P uptake patterns, they did not increase total P uptake. Roots accessed the P hotspots and acquired ³³P without notable proliferation in the enriched zones. Our findings underscore the complexity of belowground interactions involving root distribution, competition for P, and AMF, and highlight the need for future research to optimize nutrient acquisition and performance in cultivar mixtures.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"177 4","pages":"e70363"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207355/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amendment of Microbial Metabolites to Develop Next-Generation Formulations for Enhancing Plant Growth and Resilience.","authors":"Sonal Srivastava, Annapurna Bhattacharjee, Vaibhav C Agre, Shilpi Sharma","doi":"10.1111/ppl.70371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.70371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The environmental concerns linked with the overuse of chemical fertilizers necessitate eco-friendly alternatives for sustainable agriculture. Plant growth-promoting (PGP) bioinoculants offer a viable solution; however, their inconsistent performance and short shelf life limit their widespread application. Microbial metabolites, known for boosting plant growth and stress resilience, present a promising alternative. This study evaluated the effectiveness of cell-based and metabolite-based formulations derived from the PGP strain Bacillus haynessi (SD2) on pigeon pea growth under saline conditions. The experiment involved metabolic profiling of SD2 cell-free supernatant (CFS), followed by the development of cell- (SD2 cells) and metabolite-based (exopolysaccharides and CFS) formulations and their application under controlled and natural conditions. Metabolic profiling of CFS revealed the presence of key metabolites linked to plant growth and stress management. Under salt stress, plant growth, total chlorophyll (31.14%), and potassium content declined, while proline (77.52%), malondialdehyde (44.80%), and sodium uptake increased. Both cell- and metabolite-based formulations mitigated the impact of stress by improving plant growth, chlorophyll content, and antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase and ascorbate peroxidase) while reducing the levels of stress markers and sodium-potassium ion ratio. CFS-based formulations were effective under controlled conditions, but exhibited limited performance in natural environment. In contrast, other formulations demonstrated consistent effectiveness. This study highlights the potential of EPS-based formulations as a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to traditional cell-based formulations, significantly enhancing crop resilience in saline environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"177 4","pages":"e70371"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144560799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity of Photosynthesis, Plant Hydraulic Traits, and Xylem Vessel Anatomy of Two Apple Cultivars Under Long-Term Drought Stress Conditions.","authors":"Narayan Bhusal, Mary Lu Arpaia, In Hee Park, Byeong-Ho Choi, Su-Gon Han, Tae-Myung Yoon","doi":"10.1111/ppl.70348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.70348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding drought resistance during orchard establishment is increasingly urgent due to the rising frequency and severity of drought events driven by climate change. This study investigates the temporal responses of physiological and anatomical traits and their impact on hydraulic function in apple trees. We conducted a 75-day drought experiment using potted trees of two cultivars-Gamhong (medium maturing) and Fuji (late maturing)-grafted onto M.9 rootstock under control and drought conditions. Drought impacted morphological traits in both cultivars, with Gamhong showing a reduction in leaf length and Fuji in leaf width. An increase in leaf mass per area (LMA) in Gamhong indicated a shift towards structural reinforcement at the expense of photosynthetic efficiency. Temporal declines in net photosynthetic rate (P_n) and stomatal conductance (g_s) were more rapid and severe in Gamhong than in Fuji. The decline in g_s was linked with reductions in leaf water potential (Ψ_Leaf) and xylem sap flow, both more pronounced in Gamhong. A progressive decline in midday leaf water potential (Ψ_MD) was associated with increasing abscisic acid (ABA) levels, with Gamhong exhibiting higher ABA accumulation. Drought-induced changes in xylem vessel traits-vessel diameter, area, and density-were greater in Gamhong, resulting in reduced hydraulic conductivity and sap flow. Stomatal regulation emerged as a key mechanism for preserving xylem integrity, with Fuji maintaining more stable vessel structures and higher sap flow under prolonged drought. These findings highlight cultivar-specific drought strategies, suggesting Fuji is better suited for high-density orchards in drought-prone areas due to its greater hydraulic resilience and stomatal control.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"177 4","pages":"e70348"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NDUFAF3 is Involved in the Assembly of the Q/P Modules of Respiratory Complex I in the Green Microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.","authors":"Thalia Salinas-Giegé, Mitchell Ticoras, Florent Waltz, Nadine Coosemans, Steven Fanara, Johana Chicher, Philippe Hammann, Patrice P Hamel, Claire Remacle","doi":"10.1111/ppl.70406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.70406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, or complex I, is composed of a hydrophobic arm comprising the P module and a hydrophilic arm comprising the N and Q modules. The assembly of complex I is well characterized in humans and is catalyzed by a series of assembly factors that join the Q, P, and N modules sequentially. The complex I of protists and plants, however, contains additional ancestral features, namely a ferredoxin bridge that connects the matrix and the membrane arms and a γ carbonic anhydrase domain, whose mechanisms of assembly are unknown. In this work, a strain where the complex I assembly factor NDUFAF3 has been tagged with a 3×FLAG at the C-terminus is investigated in the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Like its human homolog, NDUFAF3 interacts strongly with the classical subunits of the Q and P modules, but also with the γ carbonic anhydrase domain and C1-FDX, a subunit of the ferredoxin bridge. The predicted structural positioning of NDUFAF3 within the Q module suggests a role in the formation of this bridge. In contrast, subunits of the N module are only loosely associated with NDUFAF3. We further demonstrate that the N module is attached at a later stage of assembly, suggesting that Chlamydomonas complex I assembles in a human-like sequence. This contrasts with what is documented in Angiosperms, where the N and Q modules are attached together before anchoring to the P module. Altogether, these results highlight a conserved and ancestral role of NDUFAF3 in complex I manufacture.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"177 4","pages":"e70406"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144619733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ubiquitination Proteomics of Sugar Beets Under Salt Stress Response Revealed Roles of Photosynthesis, Ca²⁺ Signaling, and the Proteasome System.","authors":"Di Fu, Yutong Sun, Tengyu Guo, Sixue Chen, Bing Yu, Haiying Li","doi":"10.1111/ppl.70387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.70387","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salt stress seriously affects crop growth and agricultural productivity. The sugar beet M14 line is known for its salt tolerance and thus becomes a valuable material for studying plant response to salt stress. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that ubiquitination plays an important role in the M14 salt tolerance using label-free proteomics of leaves of the M14 seedlings under salt stress. Through qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis, we determined the time points for the response of leaf ubiquitinated proteins to 200 mM NaCl stress for 1 h and to 400 mM NaCl for 9 h. At these two time points, we identified a total of 101 differentially ubiquitinated proteins through LC-MS/MS analysis, of which 15 were differentially abundant under both salt concentrations. Furthermore, we selected 19 genes encoding the differentially ubiquitinated proteins involved in metabolism, photosynthesis, ion transport, stress response, transcription and translation, and post-translational modifications for qRT-PCR analysis. The trends of changes at the transcriptional, protein, and ubiquitination levels were not consistent, revealing the complexity of the regulatory mechanisms of ubiquitination in sugar beet salt stress response. In addition, we identified seven differentially ubiquitinated proteins in both leaves and roots, as well as eight proteins that underwent both ubiquitination and phosphorylation modifications. The ubiquitinated proteins were enriched in photosynthesis, Ca²⁺ signaling, stress response, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system. The results support the hypothesis, and future research needs to focus on the functional characterization of the specific ubiquitination event and its crosstalk with phosphorylation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"177 4","pages":"e70387"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144619736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Transcriptome Reveals ART1-Dependent Regulatory Pathways for Fe Toxicity Response in Rice Roots.","authors":"Yoshiaki Ueda, Naoki Yamaji, Matthias Wissuwa","doi":"10.1111/ppl.70398","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppl.70398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Iron (Fe) is an essential element for plants, but an excess supply can have detrimental effects. Fe toxicity induces complex physiological and genetic responses, and due to this complexity, the knowledge of transcriptional regulatory mechanisms under Fe toxicity is very limited. Previous studies suggested that plant responses to excess Fe involve oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which itself causes transcriptional changes. We hypothesized that dissecting these complex responses could lead to the identification of a novel factor and conducted a comparative transcriptome analysis using roots of rice plants exposed to nutrient solutions containing 1 or 5 mM of hydrogen peroxide (a major form of ROS) or 300 mg L^-1 of Fe (as FeSO₄). Genes induced by hydrogen peroxide overlapped with 62%, 49%, and 30% of Fe toxicity-upregulated genes at 3 h, 1 day, and 3 days following treatment initiation. Subsequent gene co-expression analyses classified genes into 21 groups with varying responsiveness to ROS and Fe toxicity. Genes in group 15 were specifically upregulated by Fe toxicity and overlapped significantly with aluminum (Al)-inducible genes and target genes of the Zn-finger transcription factor, ART1, which regulates Al response in rice roots. Additional experiments using the art1 knock-out mutant demonstrated that ART1 is crucial for upregulating genes such as STAR2 and FRDL4 in response to Fe toxicity. This study reveals the contribution of ART1-dependent regulatory pathways in rice roots under Fe toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"177 4","pages":"e70398"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12257064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}