Physiologia plantarum最新文献

{"title":"The Role of Histone Modifications in Plant Priming and Their Analysis by Chromatin Immunoprecipitation.","authors":"Aslihan Temel, Nihal Gören-Sağlam","doi":"10.1111/ppl.70915","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppl.70915","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plants are frequently exposed to adverse conditions. Priming, also known as acclimation or hardening, induces stress memory and prepares plants for future challenges by activating defense and protective mechanisms. For this reason, priming is an effective means to maintain plant yield in the face of climate change. Memory behind the priming is mainly based on epigenetic modifications, for example, histone posttranslational modifications (PTMs) on the priming-related genes. While histone PTMs are the most diverse group of epigenetic modifications and regulate gene expression via addition of chemical groups to histone amino acids, their characterization is challenging. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is an essential method for the characterization of histone PTMs; however, subject to many challenges, especially in plant samples. This review discusses the current understanding of histone modifications in plant stress and priming and the ChIP methodology and troubleshooting. Yield losses resulting from climate change necessitate the use of priming as an agricultural practice. In order to apply priming, an in-depth analysis of stress- or priming-induced histone PTMs is essential. ChIP has been extensively used in plant stress studies and has undergone numerous improvements. Although there are more sophisticated methods, ChIP is still regarded as a standard method for the characterization of chromatin profiles. This review aims to support researchers in the utilization of ChIP, particularly, for plant stress and/or priming studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"178 3","pages":"e70915"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13130370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147778483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Bna.SCT and Bna.REF1 as Target Genes to Reduce Sinapine in Rapeseed Using a Protoplast-Based CRISPR RNP Approach.","authors":"Oliver Moss, Xueyuan Li, Selvaraju Kanagarajan, Eu Sheng Wang, Emelie Ivarson, Li-Hua Zhu","doi":"10.1111/ppl.70905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.70905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rapeseed is a major oil crop worldwide, producing both oil and a high amount of protein. However, the use of its seed meal as a protein source for animal feed is limited by antinutritional factors, such as sinapine, which reduces nutrient absorption and affects the palatability. Efforts to reduce sinapine levels through conventional breeding have had limited success. Given the challenges of a changing climate and a growing global population, maximising crop utility, particularly the value of seed meal as a byproduct, is increasingly important. Genetic modification has been successfully used to reduce sinapine in rapeseed, but regulatory restrictions limit its commercial adoption in some regions. CRISPR-Cas gene editing, which is gaining broader global acceptance, offers a promising alternative to directly produce transgene-free mutants. In this study, we build on our previous work by generating transgene-free rapeseed mutants using protoplast-based CRISPR RNP gene editing. We successfully targeted the Bna.SCT and Bna.REF1 genes with editing efficiencies of 22%-63%, frequently achieving mutations in all four alleles of the target genes in T₂ plants with a single sgRNA. Seed sinapine content was reduced by up to 38% in Bna.SCT mutants and 77% in Bna.REF1 mutants, with no observed effects on plant growth or development. These findings suggest that Bna.REF1 is the most effective target for sinapine reduction in transgene-free mutants among the genes tested in our lab.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"178 3","pages":"e70905"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Factors Shape Terpenoid Accumulation and Predicted Bioactivity in Houttuynia cordata.","authors":"Lei Liu, Huiling Huang, Yanping Mao, Qian Wang, Zhengqiao Liao, Hongyi Liu, Yangye Liao, Jingtian Yang, Kai Hou","doi":"10.1111/ppl.70911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.70911","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Houttuynia cordata is a traditional medicinal plant with various bioactivities mainly caused by its terpenoids. However, the effects of geography, environment, biosynthesis, and multiple pharmacological targets of these compounds are still not well understood. We used UPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS metabolomics to analyze terpenoids in accession 7# grown across six regions in China (Yunnan, Guangxi, Hubei, Chongqing, Guizhou, and Sichuan) and identified key environmental factors linked through random forest analysis. Network pharmacology identified potential targets and pathways for differentially accumulated terpenoids, further validated by molecular docking. Transcriptome sequencing identified terpenoid biosynthetic genes. A total of 502 terpenoid metabolites were detected, and chemotypic diversity was strongly shaped by geographical origin. Altitude (bio21) and annual precipitation (bio12) emerged as the primary environmental factors associated with 58 and 18 differential metabolites, respectively. Network analysis of 39 terpenoids revealed 239 potential targets, with 23 core targets (e.g., ESR1, STAT3, BCL2, AR) enriched in cancer, endocrine resistance, and hormone-related pathways. Docking confirmed stable interactions between key terpenoids (byzantionoside B, ursonic Acid) and core targets (ESR1, AR, BCL2) with binding energies < -7.5 kcal mol^-1. Transcriptomic analysis uncovered 103 differentially expressed genes in the MVA and MEP pathways, with several (e.g., AACT, FPPS, HMGR, DXS) showing strong correlations with core terpenoid accumulation. This multi-omics study provides insights into substantial geospatial variation in H. cordata terpenoids, identifies altitude and precipitation as major environmental factors associated with terpenoid accumulation, and offers a predictive framework for the biosynthetic network and multi-target pharmacological potential, especially anticancer. It offers a theoretical basis for quality control and optimized cultivation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"178 3","pages":"e70911"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to \"Phloem Proteomics to Identify Small Open Reading Frame (sORF)-encoded Peptides With a Putative Role in the Control of Flowering Time in Arabidopsis\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/ppl.70902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.70902","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"178 3","pages":"e70902"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147778480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SCL15 Promotes Seed Longevity Acquisition in Arabidopsis thaliana by Enhancing Antioxidant and Repair Mechanisms During Maturation.","authors":"Ming-Jun Gao, Cathy Coutu, Qi Chen, Myrtle Harrington, Rong Zhou, Dwayne Hegedus","doi":"10.1111/ppl.70907","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppl.70907","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To ensure seed longevity and successful germination, orthodox seeds acquire protective and repair mechanisms during the late stage of seed development to counteract the detrimental effects of desiccation and subsequent rehydration, processes often associated with oxidative stress. SCARECROW-LIKE 15 (SCL15) was identified as a key regulator of seed longevity acquisition through transcriptomic profiling of maturing seeds from Arabidopsis thaliana wild type (Col-0), an SCL15 mutant, and transgenic lines overexpressing SCL15 under the seed-specific Napin promoter. SCL15 influences pathways associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification, chlorophyll degradation, DNA and protein repair, and the accumulation of protective molecules, including late embryo abundant proteins, heat shock proteins, raffinose family oligosaccharides, and 12S globulins during seed maturation. Loss of SCL15 function impaired seed vigor and storability, accompanied by elevated ROS levels, chlorophyll retention, and reduced antioxidant capacity during seed maturation and dry storage. In contrast, SCL15 overexpression enhanced antioxidant activity, chlorophyll breakdown, and the accumulation of protective and repair factors. Together, these findings indicate that SCL15 contributes to maintaining seed viability by coordinating antioxidant defenses with protective and reparative systems during seed maturation, thereby promoting desiccation tolerance and the acquisition of longevity. In addition, the present results, together with our previous work, suggest that SCL15 may participate in integrating hormonal and circadian pathways to balance dormancy release with the acquisition of seed longevity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"178 3","pages":"e70907"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13149782/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saline-Alkali Stress Exacerbates Bark Beetle Infestation by Impairing Plant Defense Mechanisms.","authors":"Lihong Jiang, Huanwen Chen, Dan Xie, Xiaowei Chen, Jianjiao Xu, Niya Jia, Zikai Pan, Yajing Wang, Yan Dai, Defu Chi, Jia Yu","doi":"10.1111/ppl.70832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.70832","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abiotic stresses such as high salinity or alkalinity usually alter plant secondary metabolism, thereby affecting their defense against herbivorous insects. This study investigated the effects of changes in terpenoids and phenolics of black pine (Pinus thunbergii) induced by salt, alkali, and mixed saline-alkali stresses on the host selection, host fitness, and laboratory bioassays of red-haired bark beetle (Hylurgus ligniperda). Field experiments showed that saline-alkali stress resulted in a decreased proportion of (1R)-(+)-α-pinene, an increased proportion of β-pinene and sabinene, and reduced contents of tannins, total flavonoids, and total phenols in the phloem of P. thunbergii, and promoted the damage of H. ligniperda to P. thunbergii. Laboratory bioassays showed that changes in terpenoids had a significant impact on the electroantennogram (EAG) and behavioral responses of H. ligniperda, while changes in phenolics had little effect on its growth and development. Based on Partial Least Squares Path Model (PLS-PM) comparison and laboratory bioassays results, terpenoids were identified as the main factor promoting damage of H. ligniperda to P. thunbergii. Specifically, saline-alkali stress enhances the host-locating ability of H. ligniperda, leading to an increase in its population density and thus promoting damage to P. thunbergii. This study provides insights into the complex interactions between plant physiology and insect behavior under abiotic stress, delivering more precise strategies for pest management in salinized-alkaline forest environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"178 2","pages":"e70832"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147434786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Phytoene Desaturase Knockout Carotenoid-Deficient Microalgal Mutants Generated by Cas9-Ribonucleoprotein Complexes.","authors":"Ana Molina-Márquez, Simon Kelterborn, Peter Hegemann, Miguel Pérez-Rodríguez, Javier Vigara, Rosa León","doi":"10.1111/ppl.70811","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppl.70811","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phytoene desaturase (PDS; EC 1.3.5.5) is a key enzyme of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway, catalyzing the desaturation of phytoene, precursor of all carotenoids. In this study, several PDS-knockout (PDS-KO) transformants of the chlorophyte microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were generated using a reverse genetics strategy. Two single guide RNAs (sgRNA) were designed to target the first exon of the PDS gene, and pre-assembled Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNPs) complexes were delivered into microalgal nuclei by electroporation. Multiple white PDS-KO transformants were successfully obtained by this approach, and three independent transformant lines were subsequently characterized. By integrating ultrastructural, pigment and transcriptomic analyses of dark-grown cells of several PDS-KO carotenoid-deficient mutants in comparison with the parental strain, it was demonstrated that carotenoids are indispensable components of multiple cellular architectures. Chromatographic analysis confirmed that the only carotenoid accumulated in these transformants was phytoene, which lacks the critical structural and photoprotective functions of its colored derivatives. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) observations revealed profound ultrastructure alterations, including poorly developed chloroplasts and effects on other cellular structures that were either absent or severely disorganized. Consistently, clustering differentially expressed genes into functional groups revealed downregulation of pathways associated with photosynthesis, chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis, ribosome biogenesis, and vesicle and membrane trafficking in the PDS-KO lines. Conversely, upregulation of regulatory and retrotransposon-inducing genes was observed. These findings underscore the central metabolic role of colored carotenoids in plant cells, highlighting their essential contribution to cellular homeostasis and photosynthetic competence.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"178 2","pages":"e70811"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12947057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147309198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low R:FR Light Shifts the Growth-Immunity Balance in Rice via PIF-Mediated Suppression of SA and JA Pathways.","authors":"Darshan Panda, Soumya Mohanty, Baishnab Charan Tripathy, Mirza Jaynul Baig, Lambodar Behera","doi":"10.1111/ppl.70822","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ppl.70822","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-density rice planting reduces light quality within the canopy, especially the red to far-red (R: FR) ratio, triggering a physiological shift that enhances elongation growth at the expense of weakened defence mechanisms. This is not a passive consequence but a coordinated regulation controlled by the Phytochrome B (PhyB)-Phytochrome Interacting Factor (PIF) signalling module. Under low R: FR, PhyB becomes inactive, stabilising key PIFs such as OsPIL13 and OsPIF4. These transcription factors promote shade-avoidance growth by enhancing auxin and gibberellin biosynthesis, which in turn suppresses salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) signalling. They also directly repress the expression of core defence genes. Together, these changes lower immune readiness in shaded rice plants. Here, we propose a rice-specific model in which low R: FR light signals directly suppress immunity through PIF-mediated transcriptional repression, highlighting a monocot-specific mechanism that integrates light perception with immune downregulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"178 2","pages":"e70822"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147369985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano ZnO Alleviates Salt Stress in Rapeseed Seedlings via Ionic Homeostasis and Antioxidant Enhancement.","authors":"Lei Zheng, Xiaoling Zhang, Yue Zhang, Youyou Wu, Maria Batool, Fei Bai, Minghui Zhang, Jing Wang, Jie Kuai, Jie Zhao, Zhenghua Xu, Bo Wang, Guangsheng Zhou","doi":"10.1111/ppl.70842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.70842","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The seedling stage is one of the stages during which rapeseed is most sensitive to saline-alkali stress. Enhancing the tolerance of rapeseed seedlings is crucial for achieving high biomass and yield when cultivating rapeseed in saline-alkaline soils. This study utilized the salt-sensitive rapeseed variety Yangyou 9 as experimental material to investigate the physiological and molecular mechanisms by which foliar application of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) improves salinity tolerance under salt stress during the seedling stage. The results indicated that the 150 mM NaCl stress significantly inhibited the growth of rapeseed seedlings. However, foliar application of ZnO NPs at the concentration of 100 mg L^-1 resulted in significant increases in biomass, plant height, leaf width, and leaf area of the above-ground parts of the plants. Furthermore, the contents of soluble sugars and soluble proteins increased by 57.03% and 33.43%, respectively. Under salt stress conditions, the application of ZnO NPs significantly enhanced the activities of POD, SOD, and CAT compared to the untreated control, reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and decreased electrolyte leakage by 27.7% as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) content by 30.7%. These findings indicated that ZnO NPs treatment could significantly alleviate oxidative stress and damage to cell membranes. Non-destructive micro-measurement techniques showed that after ZnO NPs treatment, the rates of K⁺ efflux and Na⁺ influx in the root tips and leaf mesophyll tissues of rapeseed seedlings were significantly reduced, thus maintaining the sodium-potassium ion balance and enhancing the salt tolerance of rapeseed during the seedling stage.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"178 2","pages":"e70842"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147468647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exogenous ABA Optimized Nitrogen Distribution During Nitrogen Imbalance Supply in Populus cathayana.","authors":"Yao Chen, Shiyi Lai, Yuqiong Feng, Jing Li, Menghan Li, Sheng Zhang","doi":"10.1111/ppl.70880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.70880","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nitrogen (N) and abscisic acid (ABA) are important nutrients and signaling molecules in regulating plant growth and stress responses. Although the crosstalk between ABA and N has been widely noted, our understanding of the process and mechanism underlying their interaction remains limited. Here, we found that exogenous ABA influenced the growth and N utilization efficiency (NUE) of Populus cathayana depending on N supply level. Integrated transcriptome analysis identified a substantial number of overlapping differentially expressed genes in the leaves following both exogenous ABA treatment and N deficiency, indicating potential crosstalk between ABA and N signaling pathways. Cross-treatment experiments demonstrated that ABA significantly enhanced biomass accumulation and NUE in poplar under N-deficient and N-excessive conditions. Elemental analysis further revealed that ABA significantly altered N distribution among leaves. Additionally, asparagine synthetase (EC 6.3.5.4), a key enzyme in N assimilation, was significantly induced by both ABA and N availability, contributing to N distribution and influencing aboveground growth in P. cathayana. Furthermore, genes associated with N metabolism and transport, such as PcASN1, PcNRT2.5, PcNRT3.1, PcNPF4.1 and PcGDC1, were found to be co-regulated by N and ABA. Therefore, these results reveal a mechanism by which ABA enhances N utilization, pointing to a new strategy for optimizing poplar NUE.</p>","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"178 2","pages":"e70880"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147723557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}