{"title":"Percolation on sites visited by continuous random walks in a simple cubic lattice","authors":"Hoseung Jang, Unjong Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2025.130975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2025.130975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate the percolation on sites visited by random walks with fixed step lengths in a simple cubic lattice, where the random walker moves in continuous space. Using the Newman–Ziff algorithm combined with finite-size scaling analysis, we calculate the percolation threshold and critical exponents <span><math><mi>ν</mi></math></span>, <span><math><mi>β</mi></math></span>, and <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span> for various step lengths. Our results reveal that the values of these exponents depend on the step length <span><math><mi>l</mi></math></span>. Specifically, for <span><math><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>l</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></math></span>, the critical exponents align with those of the percolation models based on discrete random walks in three dimensions, and gradually transform to the values of the ordinary three-dimensional site percolation as <span><math><mi>l</mi></math></span> increases. We analyze that these changes occur because the correlation function varies with the step length <span><math><mi>l</mi></math></span>. Moreover, we confirm that the hyperscaling relation <span><math><mrow><mi>ν</mi><mi>d</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>β</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>γ</mi></mrow></math></span> is valid, despite the variation in the critical exponents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"678 ","pages":"Article 130975"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sebastian Gartzke, Shanshan Wang, Thomas Guhr, Michael Schreckenberg
{"title":"Correlations in motion: A simple response-based analysis of traffic flow","authors":"Sebastian Gartzke, Shanshan Wang, Thomas Guhr, Michael Schreckenberg","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2025.130962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2025.130962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Why does a traffic jams form out of nowhere, and why does it stretch for kilometers even after the initial cause is passed? This study examines how congestion moves and spreads across motorways using a surprisingly simple method: response functions. These functions are based purely on data and show how changes in traffic flow, density, and velocity are connected over time and space. Using real-world data from German motorways, we track how traffic reacts to earlier disturbances, capturing the waves of slowing and accelerating that drivers experience in stop-and-go traffic. The results demonstrate how congestion propagates and how its rhythm can be measured and predicted. Unlike complex traffic models, this approach requires no simulations or assumptions about driver behavior. It works directly from the information provided by the road. The goal is clear: to understand congestion better so that we can manage it more effectively and perhaps spend less time stuck in it.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"679 ","pages":"Article 130962"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unveiling epidemic spreading and control on networks with self-recovery and social support","authors":"Qingchu Wu , Lin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2025.130968","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2025.130968","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given the inherent complexities of individual recovery, self-recovery stems from the individual themselves, whereas social support originates from their susceptible surroundings. Utilizing the quenched mean-field method, two distinct analytical models are developed. The condition for an epidemic outbreak is established through a comprehensive analysis of stability and bifurcation. Continuous-time simulations confirm the predictive capability of these models in terms of spreading behavior. Our findings indicate that both self-recovery and social support can decrease the likelihood of an epidemic outbreak. Further simulations imply that self-recovery can eradicate the explosive transition in scale-free networks, but only dampen its magnitude in random regular networks. These insights could have profound implications for governmental strategies in increasing its publicity efforts for epidemic control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"678 ","pages":"Article 130968"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145047023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multi-level community-based centrality integrating local-to-global information for identifying critical components","authors":"Yifan Wang , Ziyang Jin , Dongli Duan , Ning Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2025.130973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2025.130973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The structural heterogeneity of complex networks across scales (local-to-global) results in critical components that disproportionately drive system functionality. Identifying and protecting critical components is of great theoretical and practical significance for ensuring the safe and efficient operation of complex systems. Recently, there has been a notable trend in applying centrality measures to identify critical components within networks. However, existing approaches rarely incorporate integrated multi-scale analysis, encompassing both local and global network properties. To fill this gap, this study proposed the Multi-level Community Structure Centrality (MCSC) method for identifying critical components. The MCSC approach employs a hierarchical community detection algorithm to capture multi-scale structural information. At each hierarchical level, the method evaluates component influence by incorporating community size, inter-community connection density, and adjacent components competition relationships. The effectiveness of the proposed method was evaluated through comprehensive testing on diverse real-world network datasets. The results demonstrate that MCSC performs well in terms of interpretability, identification accuracy, computational cost, and applicability, outperforming classical centrality measures in most networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"678 ","pages":"Article 130973"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Extreme-value statistics and super-universality in critical percolation?","authors":"Mohadeseh Feshanjerdi , Peter Grassberger","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2025.130934","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2025.130934","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, the number of non-standard percolation models has proliferated. In all these models, there exists a phase transition at which long range connectivity is established, if local connectedness increases through a threshold <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>. In ordinary (site or bond) percolation on regular lattices, this is a well understood second-order phase transition with rather precisely known critical exponents, but there are non-standard models where the transitions are in different universality classes (i.e. with different exponents and scaling functions), or even are discontinuous or hybrid. It was recently claimed that certain scaling functions are in all such models given by extreme-value theory and thus independent of the precise universality class. This would lead to super-universality (even encompassing first-order transitions!) and would be a major break-through in the theory of phase transitions. We show that this claim is wrong.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"678 ","pages":"Article 130934"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145047019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of crowd evacuation efficiency under static signage and dynamic personnel guidance from an emotional contagion perspective","authors":"Qiquan Wang, Huiquan Miao, Chengshun Xu, Benwei Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2025.130977","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2025.130977","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the comparative effectiveness of two emergency guidance strategies—static signage and dynamic personnel guidance—within the context of emotional contagion, aiming to optimize the allocation of guidance resources. An improved Emotion Contagion–Guidance Coupled SIR (Susceptible-Infected-Recovered) model is incorporated into a multi-agent simulation framework to dynamically replicate emotional contagion and evacuation behaviors during the early warning stage or initial phase of a disaster. Simulations are conducted under varying levels of guidance resource availability in an urban area with a population of 59,800 based on the NetLogo platform, with each strategy implemented independently. Key performance indicators—including evacuation completion rate, evacuation time, and emotional contagion frequency—are evaluated and compared. Results show that under resource-scarce conditions, dynamic guidance facilitates faster evacuation initiation and significantly reduces evacuation time due to its real-time, point-to-point intervention capability. Under moderate resource availability, static signage demonstrates higher evacuation efficiency due to its broad coverage and sustained influence. When resources are abundant, the performance gap between the two strategies narrows, and both exhibit diminishing marginal returns. Furthermore, static signage is more effective at mitigating panic and maintaining emotional stability, whereas dynamic guidance may marginally elevate early-stage emotional contagion due to intensified interpersonal interactions. These findings provide theoretical support for the strategic deployment and integration of emergency guidance strategies across diverse disaster scenarios, thereby enhancing evacuation effectiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"678 ","pages":"Article 130977"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145059923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Galvanodissipative effect in open two-dimensional quantum system","authors":"E.Kh. Alpomishev , G.G. Adamian , N.V. Antonenko","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2025.130972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2025.130972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The non-Markovian two-dimensional dynamics of charge carriers in a dissipative non-magnetic medium is studied. The possibility of observing an anisotropic electrical conductivity and galvanodissipative effect in the absence of an external magnetic field is predicted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"678 ","pages":"Article 130972"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145044225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ritik Roshan Giri , Suchandan Kayal , Javier E. Contreras-Reyes
{"title":"Permutation extropy: A new time series complexity measure","authors":"Ritik Roshan Giri , Suchandan Kayal , Javier E. Contreras-Reyes","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2025.130951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2025.130951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Several complexity measures have been proposed to understand the complexity of physiological, financial, biological, and other time series that involve real-world problems. Permutation entropy (PE), fractal dimension and Lyapunov exponents are such complexity parameters out of many. The enormous use of PE in specifying complexity of chaotic time series motivates us to propose an alternative complexity parameter in this paper, known as the permutation extropy (PExt) measure. Here, we combine the ideas behind the PE and extropy to construct this new measure. We then validate the proposed measure using logistic, Hénon and Burger chaotic maps. Further, we apply the proposed complexity measure to study the impact of Covid-19 on financial stock market time series data set and to analyze the situation of Covid in India across different phases, considering the WHO data set. The proposed measure demonstrates robustness, fast calculation and invariant with respect to monotonous nonlinear transformation like PE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"678 ","pages":"Article 130951"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145047018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaoxia Yang , Jiahui Wan , Yongxing Li , Chuan-Zhi (Thomas) Xie , Botao Zhang
{"title":"A knowledge-data dual-driven framework for intelligent flood evacuation in subway stations","authors":"Xiaoxia Yang , Jiahui Wan , Yongxing Li , Chuan-Zhi (Thomas) Xie , Botao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2025.130924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2025.130924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional building evacuation planning often lacks real-time adaptability in subway floods due to over-reliance on simulations, which bring complex physics and calibration challenges, leading to delays in risk assessment and jeopardizing occupant safety. To address this challenge, this study proposes a novel knowledge-data dual-driven framework for intelligent flood evacuation management in subway stations. The framework integrates rapid data-driven prediction enhanced by simulation-derived knowledge, and fast optimization guided by knowledge-based risk assessment within a decision-support system, aiming to improve real-time responsiveness and occupant safety. The novel components in this framework include a red-billed blue magpie-optimized deep learning model for evacuation time and density prediction with SHAP interpretability, a cloud-based fuzzy evaluation system for flood risk quantification, a multi-objective path optimizer balancing evacuation time and slip-fall risks, and a convolutional genetic algorithm for efficient solution generation. A real subway station case study is conducted by using Fluent and PathFinder to validate the proposed method, demonstrating that: (1) The prediction model achieves a 6.44% improvement over traditional TCN-GRU methods. (2) The cloud model-based weighting method effectively quantifies safety risks, providing data support for emergency decisions. (3) The path optimization method reduces evacuation time by 46.44 s and peak crowd density by 0.8477 p/m<sup>2</sup>, outperforming conventional methods by over 15.4%. These advancements position the framework as a transformative decision-support tool for intelligent building operations in underground structures, directly contributing to sustainable and safe built environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"678 ","pages":"Article 130924"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Li-Ming Fan , Mei-Qi Li , Ming-Gen Li , Tian-Fu Gao , Jing-Dong Bao
{"title":"Symmetry-breaking transport in coupled systems: Role of skewed active fluctuations and interparticle interactions","authors":"Li-Ming Fan , Mei-Qi Li , Ming-Gen Li , Tian-Fu Gao , Jing-Dong Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2025.130956","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2025.130956","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate the directed transport of coupled particles driven by active fluctuations in symmetric periodic potentials, revealing transport behaviors beyond thermal equilibrium predictions. A systematic numerical analysis of the center-of-mass velocity demonstrates that even without spatial asymmetry, active fluctuations induce a range of transport regimes under high potential barriers, including enhancement, suppression, and quasi-free transport. The velocity exhibits maxima or minima at optimal coupling strengths, dictated by the skewness of the pulse distribution. Additionally, the interplay between spiking rate and pulse amplitude induces velocity reversals with a non-monotonic dependence on the spiking rate, while at a fixed mean of active fluctuations, distinct non-monotonic behaviors emerge, featuring pronounced velocity valleys and peaks. To explain these transport phenomena, we identify two novel mechanisms arising from the discrete nature of active fluctuations: dual-mode motion, where impulsive jumps combine with potential-gradient sliding, and passive drag, where passive particles are transported via forced coupling. These findings provide fundamental insights into cooperative transport in active systems and offer guiding principles for designing biomimetic micro- and nanoscale devices capable of collective operation in complex environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"678 ","pages":"Article 130956"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145047021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}