Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications最新文献

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Approximate waiting times for queuing systems with variable cross-correlated arrival rates 具有可变交叉相关到达率的排队系统的近似等待时间
IF 2.8 3区 物理与天体物理
Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2024.130152
Mikhail I. Bogachev, Nikita S. Pyko, Nikita Tymchenko, Svetlana A. Pyko, Oleg A. Markelov
{"title":"Approximate waiting times for queuing systems with variable cross-correlated arrival rates","authors":"Mikhail I. Bogachev,&nbsp;Nikita S. Pyko,&nbsp;Nikita Tymchenko,&nbsp;Svetlana A. Pyko,&nbsp;Oleg A. Markelov","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modern information and telecommunication, transportation and logistic, economic and financial systems are represented by complex networks exhibiting traffic flows with spatio-temporal long-term persistence. Conventional queuing theory relies largely upon stationary models where traffic flows are assumed independent and are typically characterized by the first two moments of inter-arrival and service time distributions, leading to drastic underestimations of traffic flow delays. Here we extend a recent superstatistical approach focusing on traffic models with variable arrival rates by accounting for interdependent activity patterns on multiple network nodes. We suggest an analytical correction to the conventional stationary queue model given by the Kingman’s formula based on the calculation of aggregated inter-arrival times variability from the variabilities of arrival rates at individual nodes and cross-correlations between them. We confirm our analytical approximations by comparing with computer simulation results and large-batch empirical traffic analysis from the backbone of a major academic network. We believe that our results, in combination with recent data on the effects of long-term temporal persistence in network traffic flow, are applicable to various complex networks not limited to information and telecommunication, transportation, and logistics but also to economics and finance, rainfall and river flow dynamics, water accumulation in reservoirs, and many other research domains exhibiting spatio-temporal interdependence patterns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"654 ","pages":"Article 130152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142529184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparative analysis of profits from Bitcoin and its derivatives using artificial intelligence for hedge 利用人工智能对冲比特币及其衍生品利润的比较分析
IF 2.8 3区 物理与天体物理
Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2024.130159
Qing Zhu , Jianhua Che , Shan Liu
{"title":"Comparative analysis of profits from Bitcoin and its derivatives using artificial intelligence for hedge","authors":"Qing Zhu ,&nbsp;Jianhua Che ,&nbsp;Shan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Because there is a discrepancy between how individual investors and investment institutions choose Bitcoin and its new derivatives and Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs), this paper used Bitcoin and ProShares Bitcoin Strategy ETF (BITO) data and a mixed variational mode decomposition and bidirectional gated cycle unit model to examine the interconnections between Bitcoin and its new derivative ETFs, from which actionable recommendations were developed. As well as conducting financial simulation trading using Bitcoin and BITO, the study expanded to examine other major ETFs. It was found that: (1) Bitcoin data could be employed to forecast and describe BITO; (2) under <span><math><mi>T</mi></math></span>+0 trading, Bitcoin was more volatile, profitable, and risky than BITO; and (3) under <span><math><mi>T</mi></math></span>+1 trading, Bitcoin was less volatile, profitable, and risky than BITO; however, the <span><math><mi>T</mi></math></span>+1 trading was found to have higher volatility, profits, and risk than <span><math><mi>T</mi></math></span>+0 trading. This study, therefore, builds a bridge from theory to practice for the prediction and description of new ETFs. Different from previous studies, this study explored the relationships between Bitcoin and BITO using Artificial Intelligence and quantitative financial simulations, which extends the practical and theoretical understanding of the Bitcoin market.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"654 ","pages":"Article 130159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ethereum futures and the efficiency of cryptocurrency spot markets 以太坊期货和加密货币现货市场的效率
IF 2.8 3区 物理与天体物理
Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2024.130161
Werner Kristjanpoller , Ramzi Nekhili , Elie Bouri
{"title":"Ethereum futures and the efficiency of cryptocurrency spot markets","authors":"Werner Kristjanpoller ,&nbsp;Ramzi Nekhili ,&nbsp;Elie Bouri","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines the impact of the introduction of Ethereum futures contracts on the market efficiency of major cryptocurrency (Bitcoin, Ethereum, Ripple, Litecoin, and Dogecoin) spot prices. Using a multifractality-based approach and daily data from September 4, 2017 to February 16, 2024, the main results show a slight improvement in market efficiency. Specifically, the degree of multifractality persistence decreases, implying reduced market inefficiencies in major cryptocurrencies. The temporal linear correlation effect and thick tail effect are less pronounced post-launch. The asymmetry of the generalized Hurst exponent increases after the launch of Ethereum futures, with a higher persistence under the downward trend of cryptocurrencies noted. This downward trend emerges after the launch of Ethereum futures, coinciding with the final stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Additional analysis shows that fat tails and temporal linear correlations are the main sources of multifractality. The results highlight the influence of introducing financial derivatives into the relatively new and volatile cryptocurrency area, which should concern traders, hedgers, investors, and regulators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"654 ","pages":"Article 130161"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Impact of surface-roughness and fractality on electrical conductivity of SnS thin films 表面通透度和碎裂度对 SnS 薄膜导电性的影响
IF 2.8 3区 物理与天体物理
Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2024.130165
Vinita , Chandra Kumar , R.P. Yadav , B.K. Singh
{"title":"Impact of surface-roughness and fractality on electrical conductivity of SnS thin films","authors":"Vinita ,&nbsp;Chandra Kumar ,&nbsp;R.P. Yadav ,&nbsp;B.K. Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mono- and multi-fractal geometry have been used to explore the surface characteristics of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs of the SnS films with thicknesses of 100 nm (SnS1) to 600 nm (SnS4), respectively. For this investigation, the SnS thin films have been grown on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)-coated glass substrate through the thermal evaporation route, and surface morphologies are captured by SEM. Two-dimensional multi-fractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA) based on the partition function is used to examine whether the surfaces have a multi-fractal nature or not. The partition function is applied to extract the generalized Hurst exponent from the segment size. It has been found that surfaces with higher surface roughness induce substantial nonlinearity and a wider width of the multi-fractal spectrum. The multi-fractal spectrum acquired from the analysis of the geometry and shape of the singularity spectrum is used to quantify the irregularity and complexity of surfaces. Minkowski functionals (MFs) parameters such as volume, boundary, and connectivity were measured for each thin film. Moreover, we tried to correlate the electrical conductivity with the mono- and multi-fractal parameters such as fractal dimension (D<sub>f</sub>), singularity strength function (Δα), singularity spectrum Δf(α), and it is observed that the conductivity of a thin film decreases with decreasing fractal dimension. The minimum (maximum) resistivity (conductivity) was observed for the surface having a larger fractal dimension. The present investigation suggests that such SnS surfaces, having minimal resistivity and maximum conductivity on the roughest surface, indicate enhanced light trapping capacity and can be utilized as active layers for advanced optoelectronics devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"654 ","pages":"Article 130165"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Role of delay in brain dynamics 延迟在大脑动力学中的作用
IF 2.8 3区 物理与天体物理
Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2024.130166
Yuval Meir , Ofek Tevet , Yarden Tzach , Shiri Hodassman , Ido Kanter
{"title":"Role of delay in brain dynamics","authors":"Yuval Meir ,&nbsp;Ofek Tevet ,&nbsp;Yarden Tzach ,&nbsp;Shiri Hodassman ,&nbsp;Ido Kanter","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Significant variations of delays among connecting neurons cause an inevitable disadvantage of asynchronous brain dynamics compared to synchronous deep learning. However, this study demonstrates that this disadvantage can be converted into a computational advantage using a network with a single output and <span><math><mi>M</mi></math></span> multiple delays between successive layers, thereby generating a polynomial time-series outputs with <span><math><mi>M</mi></math></span>. The proposed role of delay in brain dynamics (RoDiB) model, is capable of learning increasing number of classified labels using a fixed architecture, and overcomes the inflexibility of the brain to update the learning architecture using additional neurons and connections. Moreover, the achievable accuracies of the RoDiB system are comparable with those of its counterpart tunable single delay architectures with <span><math><mi>M</mi></math></span> outputs. Further, the accuracies are significantly enhanced when the number of output labels exceeds its fully connected input size. The results are mainly obtained using simulations of VGG-6 on CIFAR datasets and also include multiple label inputs. However, currently only a small fraction of the abundant number of RoDiB outputs is utilized, thereby suggesting its potential for advanced computational power yet to be discovered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"654 ","pages":"Article 130166"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Can Bitcoin trigger speculative pressures on the US Dollar? A novel ARIMA-EGARCH-Wavelet Neural Networks 比特币能否引发美元投机压力?新型 ARIMA-EGARCH 小波神经网络
IF 2.8 3区 物理与天体物理
Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2024.130140
David Alaminos , M. Belén Salas-Compás , Manuel Á. Fernández-Gámez
{"title":"Can Bitcoin trigger speculative pressures on the US Dollar? A novel ARIMA-EGARCH-Wavelet Neural Networks","authors":"David Alaminos ,&nbsp;M. Belén Salas-Compás ,&nbsp;Manuel Á. Fernández-Gámez","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, Bitcoin has garnered attention as a digital currency, prompting increasing debate regarding its effects on traditional financial markets, particularly the US dollar. This study investigates the relationship between Bitcoin and the US dollar, especially in the contexts of speculative attacks, where investors attempt to devalue a currency, and short squeezes, where rapid price rises force short sellers to quickly buy back assets to avoid further losses. The study employs a novel hybrid model combining an autoregressive moving average, Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity, and Wavelet Neural Networks techniques with neural networks approaches. The results suggest that significant trading activity in Bitcoin/US dollar, particularly during speculative attacks and short squeezes, can substantially impact the US dollar/EUR market, increasing price volatility as traders adjust their strategies. These adjustments, along with risk management strategies, drive higher trading volumes and further volatility. Our findings demonstrate that our novel hybrid model combined with Quantum Recurrent Neural Networks provides the most accurate predictions, offering valuable insights to inform trading strategies in both Bitcoin/US dollar and US dollar/EUR markets. This study has important implications for policymakers and market participants, emphasising the need to understand the relationship between Bitcoin and the US dollar for financial stability and effective policy formulation. It also highlights the necessity of advanced modeling techniques to accurately predict cryptocurrency market behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"654 ","pages":"Article 130140"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A double quantum dot quantum battery controlled with a Markovian feedback 用马尔可夫反馈控制的双量子点量子电池
IF 2.8 3区 物理与天体物理
Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2024.130153
Oscar Bohórquez
{"title":"A double quantum dot quantum battery controlled with a Markovian feedback","authors":"Oscar Bohórquez","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A battery is a device that stores energy in the form of work for later use by other devices. In this work, we study the realization of a quantum battery in a double quantum dot in series, charged by two electrodes at different chemical potentials and optimized by a Markovian quantum feedback protocol. Using the concept of ergotropy as a figure of merit, we first establish a simple expression for the maximum ergotropy in a two-level system, and then find the parameters under which Markovian feedback can achieve this optimal ergotropy. We find that quantum coherence can be used as an energy storage resource, and we study the influence of interactions with a phonon environment to mitigate the discharge process with the environment by fine-tuning the system parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"655 ","pages":"Article 130153"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The effect of building bottlenecks on crowd dynamics involving individuals with simulated disabilities 建筑物瓶颈对涉及模拟残疾人的人群动态的影响
IF 2.8 3区 物理与天体物理
Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2024.130157
Yangjian He , Libi Fu , Qiyi Chen , Yu Zhang , Chenxin Shen , Yongqian Shi , Shuchao Cao
{"title":"The effect of building bottlenecks on crowd dynamics involving individuals with simulated disabilities","authors":"Yangjian He ,&nbsp;Libi Fu ,&nbsp;Qiyi Chen ,&nbsp;Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Chenxin Shen ,&nbsp;Yongqian Shi ,&nbsp;Shuchao Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the development of urbanization and the growth of population, there is a growing demand for safety in public building facilities. As one of the essential building components of urban architecture, bottlenecks have a significant impact on the evacuation efficiency of crowds. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of crowds also contributes to the complexity of crowd movement through bottlenecks, while aggravating the magnitude of congestion induced by bottlenecks. The objective of this paper is to explore the movement characteristics of heterogeneous crowds passing through a corridor with a bottleneck by conducting a controlled experiment. There were three variables in this experiment, namely the individual categories (i.e., able-bodied individuals, simulated individuals on crutches and simulated wheelchair users), bottleneck width (i.e., 1.2, 1.6 and 2.0 m) and proportion of simulated disabilities in crowds (i.e., 0 %, 5 % and 10 %). Then offset angle, passing efficiency, fundamental diagram, etc., were analyzed. In trials involving simulated individuals on crutches, a higher detouring degree is observed compared to trials involving simulated wheelchair users or mixed groups of two types of simulated disabilities. There is an increase in flow rate induced by increasing the bottleneck width and decreasing the proportion of simulated disabilities. The passing efficiency at the upstream of the bottleneck in all tests is primarily influenced by the bottleneck width, while by the type and proportion of simulated disabilities at the downstream or inside the bottleneck. The findings are intended to complement the dynamic theory of heterogeneous crowds at building bottlenecks, while providing a reference for congestion control of crowds at bottlenecks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"654 ","pages":"Article 130157"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142529186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A network perspective on J.S Bach’s 6 violin sonatas and partitas, BWV 1001 - 1006 从网络角度看巴赫的 6 首小提琴奏鸣曲和 Partitas,BWV 1001 - 1006
IF 2.8 3区 物理与天体物理
Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2024.130124
Dima Mrad , Sara Najem , Pablo Padilla , Francis Knights
{"title":"A network perspective on J.S Bach’s 6 violin sonatas and partitas, BWV 1001 - 1006","authors":"Dima Mrad ,&nbsp;Sara Najem ,&nbsp;Pablo Padilla ,&nbsp;Francis Knights","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Complex networks and statistical physics have been proposed as powerful frameworks and tools in the analysis of the properties of complex systems and in particular musical pieces. They can reveal variations in musical features such as harmony, melody, rhythm as well as the composer’s style. The empirical study of a wide range of digitized scores of Western classical music and their corresponding networks brought to light quantitative evidence for changes in harmonic complexity. We complement the common topological analysis of these networks with musicological or music-theoretical considerations. We illustrate this by studying J. S. Bach’s sonatas and partitas for solo violin by constructing duration-weighted transition matrices between notes, or melody networks, as well as harmony networks, which are transition matrices between the chords, or equivalently synchronously played notes. We further propose statistical physics measures that were first introduced in the study of socio-economic networks: the partition function and communicability and provide evidence for their significance. Our findings and observations include: the detection of three main communities centered around the tonic, the dominant, and submediant in most of the pieces; the association of the nodes with the highest betweenness centrality, the lowest clustering coefficient and highest in and out degrees respectively with the tonic and the dominant; the high similarity between pieces which share the same key or when the key of one is the dominant of the other; finally, the association of the highest partition function, the shortest average path length, and the highest communicability with the Fugues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"654 ","pages":"Article 130124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Elucidation of characteristics of networks where every node has its own lifetime 阐明每个节点都有自己寿命的网络的特点
IF 2.8 3区 物理与天体物理
Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2024.130149
Nobutoshi Ikeda
{"title":"Elucidation of characteristics of networks where every node has its own lifetime","authors":"Nobutoshi Ikeda","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Growth is regarded as an important mechanism for explaining the structures of real networks. However, when the increase in the number of nodes is suppressed owing to their lifetime, the growth property alone is not sufficient to explain even fundamental network properties, such as the scale-free property. In this paper, we propose a network model that considers the lifetime of nodes and the excess addition of local internal links as a mechanism that supports network structures. By investigating the model network, we aimed to elucidate the network characteristics supported by local interactions between nodes via their common neighbors even when the rates of node addition and deletion were balanced. We found that the stationary state of the number of nodes is characterized by a scale-free property with the power-law exponent <span><math><mrow><mi>γ</mi><mo>≃</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span> and localization of the peaks at <span><math><mrow><mi>l</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math></span> in the distance distributions of neighboring nodes (DDN) as the node degree <span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span> increases. The specific behavior of the DDN explains the very slow decrease in the clustering strength <span><math><mrow><mi>C</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>k</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> with <span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span> compared with the normal behavior <span><math><mrow><mi>C</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>k</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>∼</mo><msup><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> and the accelerated growth of the neighborhood graph of each node. Moreover, we showed that some real networks share local structures similar to those of the model network. These findings suggest that the same mechanism as that of the proposed model plays an essential role in supporting the local structures of some real networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"654 ","pages":"Article 130149"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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