Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications最新文献

{"title":"Constructing bifurcation diagram of reservoir computing","authors":"Xiaolu Chen ,&nbsp;Tongfeng Weng ,&nbsp;Zhuoming Ren ,&nbsp;Huijie Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2025.130914","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2025.130914","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We introduce a data-driven synchronization approach to construct the dynamical transition of reservoir computing. Specifically, we design a scheme composed of three identically coupled reservoir computers and each of them has learned the underlying chaotic information of a considered system. After realizing synchronization among these reservoir computers, we find that the bifurcation diagram of reservoir computing can be fully constructed by varying the leaking rate. Numerical results on several chaotic systems have further confirmed the effectiveness of our method. Our findings provide a new perspective on studying the internal dynamics of reservoir computing, paving the way for further practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"677 ","pages":"Article 130914"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144913940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of inter-well connectivity in underground geological reservoirs via percolation theory","authors":"Parishad Javaheri ,&nbsp;Saeid Sadeghnejad ,&nbsp;Behzad Ghanbarian ,&nbsp;Thorsten Schäfer","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2025.130933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2025.130933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During subsurface storage in geological underground reservoirs, operators implement various well configurations, also known as injection patterns, to inject target invading fluids into a reservoir. Each pattern consists of several injection and production wells arranged uniquely. Therefore, reservoir connectivity plays a key role in determining the optimal well location for each pattern. In this study, we apply concepts of percolation theory to investigate the impact of well locations on overall reservoir connectivity within injection patterns. We generate 10⁴ reservoir realizations using Monte Carlo simulations. We then examine reservoir connectivity for two well-configuration scenarios and compare the results with the literature values of the conventional line-to-line (<em>L2L</em>) percolation connectivity model. In the first scenario, we investigate reservoir percolation properties and connectivity by fixing one well at the corner of the reservoir and placing the second well at the opposite side representing the boundary connectivity model. In the second scenario, we examine reservoir connectivity for wells located within the reservoir boundaries, known as the off-boundary connectivity model. To verify the algorithm, we compute the infinite percolation thresholds and compare them with values reported in the literature. Our results indicate that the most challenging connectivity occurs when wells are located at the corners of the reservoir, as in the boundary connectivity model. Comparing the mean connectivity curves and the connectivity exponent values of the boundary, off-boundary, and <em>L2L</em> connectivity models reveals that the off-boundary connectivity model has characteristics between the other two models. The results demonstrate that connectivity in underground storage systems is highly dependent on well placement, permeability heterogeneity, and reservoir boundaries. By comparing various connectivity models, we establish a relationship between injection well locations and reservoir fluid migration pathways, providing insights into optimizing storage and retrieval efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"678 ","pages":"Article 130933"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145027289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orthogonal elementary interactions for bimatrix games","authors":"György Szabó ,&nbsp;Balázs Király","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2025.130920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2025.130920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In symmetric matrix games, the interaction is defined through a single payoff matrix that can be decomposed into elementary interactions of four types representing games with self- and cross-dependent payoffs, coordination-type interactions, and rock–paper–scissors-like cyclic dominance. Here, this analysis is extended to a similar anatomy of bimatrix games given by two matrices. The respective self- and cross-dependent components describe extended versions of donation games expanding the range of social dilemmas. The most attractive classification utilizes the fact that games can be separated into the sum of a fraternal and a zero-sum part whose payoff matrices can then be further divided into symmetric and antisymmetric terms. This approach revealed two types of interaction not present in symmetric games: directed anticoordination components share some features with both partnership games and rock–paper–scissors-like cyclic dominance; the combinations of matching pennies components prevent the existence of a potential, which precludes detailed balance with the Boltzmann distribution under Glauber-type dynamics. In another departure from symmetric games, bimatrix games may admit a non-Hermitian potential matrix, which could possibly give rise to thermodynamic behaviors not found in classical spin models. Some curiosities of the directed anticoordination interaction are illustrated by simulations when the players are located on a square lattice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"677 ","pages":"Article 130920"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting local maxima of nonlinear time series with a neural network and edit distance","authors":"Zhuocheng Liu ,&nbsp;Yoshito Hirata","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2025.130935","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2025.130935","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this article, we introduce an edit distance for event series into the prediction network, which considers both time and value of the events like local maxima. We use the time series data generated from the Rössler system to conduct a prediction experiment. We compared the prediction results of inputting 0,1,2, and 3 edit distances into the neural network. We found that the root mean square error of prediction decreases while the input number of the edit distances increases from 0 to 3. We discuss how the edit distance contributes to improving the prediction accuracy because the edit distances effectively describe the relationships between maxima states from different time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"677 ","pages":"Article 130935"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144917907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamic performance of a quantum Stirling heat engine with a single particle confined in a cubic potential well","authors":"Duc-Thuan Phung","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2025.130937","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2025.130937","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the thermodynamic performance of a three-dimensional quantum Stirling heat engine (QSHE), which operates through two isothermal and two isochoric processes, with a single particle confined within a cubic potential well. The thermodynamic model accounts for the degeneracy of energy levels. The effects of compression ratio, temperature ratio, and particle mass on the work output, thermal efficiency, and regeneration heat transfer are analyzed. These results provide a basis for a qualitative comparison with macroscopic Stirling heat engines (MSHEs). For the electron-based QSHE, there exists a strip where the thermal efficiency exceeds the Carnot efficiency. This strip divides the graph into two regions on either side with thermal efficiencies lower than the Carnot efficiency. The region with efficiency lower than Carnot on the right tends to expand as the compression ratio <span><math><mi>CR</mi></math></span> and the temperature ratio <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span> increase. The dimensionless work output <span><math><msubsup><mrow><mi>W</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>net</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>*</mo></mrow></msubsup></math></span> increases with temperature ratio, compression ratio, and dimensionless cooling temperature, similar to trends observed in ideal MSHEs. The maximum values of <span><math><msubsup><mrow><mi>W</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>net</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>*</mo></mrow></msubsup></math></span> are 2.63, 7.87, 13.08, and 18.27 at the respective optimal points <span><math><mrow><mfenced><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>*</mo></mrow></msup><mo>,</mo><mi>CR</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>γ</mi></mrow></mfenced></mrow></math></span> = (1.07, 5.0, 1.5), (0.97, 5.0, 2.5), (0.90, 5.0, 3.5), and (0.85, 5.0, 4.5). Similar to practical MSHEs, the QSHE achieves higher dimensionless thermal efficiency <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>*</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> and work output <span><math><msubsup><mrow><mi>W</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>net</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>*</mo></mrow></msubsup></math></span> when the working particle has a smaller mass. In particular, the maximum <span><math><msubsup><mrow><mi>W</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>net</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>*</mo></mrow></msubsup></math></span> of the electron-based QSHE is two orders of magnitude greater than that of the proton-based QSHE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"677 ","pages":"Article 130937"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonlinear electron–phonon interactions in a quantum dot phonon cavity","authors":"Jing Qu ,&nbsp;Man-Yu Shang ,&nbsp;Lei-Lei Nian","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2025.130910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2025.130910","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Controlling electron transport and statistical properties in a quantum dot phonon cavity has been extensively studied, yet most are focused on the linear electron–phonon interactions. By introducing a nonlinear version in which the quantum dot couples to the cavity mode through a <em>k</em>-phonon interaction, we show that it is possible to switch the transport channels from opening to blocking by simply adjusting <em>k</em>-phonon-mediated inelastic processes, and also reveal the resultant nonthermal phonon transition from antibunching to superbunching. In the lasing transitions, a bistable phonon emission for <span><math><mrow><mi>k</mi><mo>≥</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math></span> is generated, and its applications in work extraction can go beyond those of traditional coherent states. Our results pave the way for designing current switches and generating nonthermal phonon statistics in quantum dot devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"677 ","pages":"Article 130910"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of lowest eigenvalue in k-body bosonic random matrix ensembles","authors":"N.D. Chavda ,&nbsp;Priyanka Rao ,&nbsp;V.K.B. Kota ,&nbsp;Manan Vyas","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2025.130874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2025.130874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present numerical investigations demonstrating the result that the distribution of the lowest eigenvalue of finite many-boson systems (say we have <span><math><mi>m</mi></math></span> number of bosons) with <span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span>-body interactions, modeled by Bosonic Embedded Gaussian Orthogonal [BEGOE(<span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span>)] and Unitary [BEGUE(<span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span>)] random matrix Ensembles of <span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span>-body interactions, exhibits a smooth transition from Gaussian like (for <span><math><mrow><mi>k</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span>) to a modified Gumbel like (for intermediate values of <span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span>) to the well-known Tracy–Widom distribution (for <span><math><mrow><mi>k</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>) form. We also provide ansatz for centroids and variances of the lowest eigenvalue distributions. In addition, we show that the distribution of normalized spacing between the lowest and next lowest eigenvalues exhibits a transition from Wigner’s surmise (for <span><math><mrow><mi>k</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span>) to Poisson (for intermediate <span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span> values with <span><math><mrow><mi>k</mi><mo>≤</mo><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math></span>) to Wigner’s surmise (starting from <span><math><mrow><mi>k</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math></span> to <span><math><mrow><mi>k</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>) form. We analyze these transitions as a function of <span><math><mi>q</mi></math></span> parameter defining <span><math><mi>q</mi></math></span>-normal distribution for eigenvalue densities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"677 ","pages":"Article 130874"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic role-switching in hypergraphs: Enhancing cooperation via adaptive punishment and reinforcement learning","authors":"Zeyuan Yan ,&nbsp;Hui Zhao ,&nbsp;Li Li","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2025.130902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2025.130902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Evolutionary game theory, enhanced by reinforcement learning, provides deep insights into cooperation dynamics crucial for collective behaviors in complex systems. As complex network structures, hypergraphs present a robust framework for examining the emergence of cooperation. In this study, we combine evolutionary game theory with an adaptive Q-learning algorithm optimized for hypergraphs structures to explore the effects of a dynamic punishment transition mechanism on collective cooperative behavior. This algorithm allows agents to dynamically adjust roles and engage in introspective learning, moving beyond simple imitation. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that increasing the probability and intensity of punishment significantly promotes cooperation, while moderate punishment costs can catalyze cooperation even under low synergy factors. Moreover, higher discount factors, increased learning rates, and smaller group sizes within hypergraphs further enhance cooperation. This research highlights the critical role of self-adjusting Q-learning and dynamic punishment transition mechanisms in fostering cooperation, providing valuable insights into social dilemma scenarios within complex environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"677 ","pages":"Article 130902"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of heterogeneous investment on the evolution of trust in complex networks","authors":"Enqiang Zhu ,&nbsp;Jia Chen ,&nbsp;Shiqi Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaokai Zhang ,&nbsp;Chanjuan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2025.130898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2025.130898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cooperation, despite its apparent contradiction with Darwinian competition, is widespread. Trust underpins socio-economic interactions and promotes cooperation, yet excessive trust can lead to losses. Furthermore, trust game studies indicate that heterogeneity, reputation, and punishment significantly enhance cooperation. However, traditional models often assume fixed investor investments, overlooking adaptive decision-making. To address this limitation, we develop a multi-agent trust game incorporating investment heterogeneity. In this framework, investors dynamically adjust their contributions based on collective trust levels, enabling high-trust groups to accumulate greater total assets. Simulation results demonstrate three key findings: (1) Heterogeneous investments accelerate the development of trust, expanding the populations of trustworthy trustees and investors while increasing total assets; (2) Increased investment heterogeneity facilitates high-trust equilibria even under strong social dilemmas; (3) The proportion of strategic individuals has a negligible impact on stabilized trust levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"677 ","pages":"Article 130898"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rules, agents and order","authors":"Amalia Puente ,&nbsp;César A. Terrero-Escalante ,&nbsp;Diego Radillo-Ochoa","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2025.130915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2025.130915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Complex systems often exhibit highly structured network topologies that reflect functional constraints. In this work, we investigate how, under varying combinations of system-wide selection rules and special agents, different classes of random processes give rise to global order, with a focus restricted to finite-size networks. Using the large-<span><math><mi>N</mi></math></span> Erdős–Rényi model as a null baseline, we contrast purely random link-adding processes with goal-directed dynamics, including variants of the chip-firing model and intracellular network growth, both driven by transport efficiency. Through simulations and structural probes such as <em>k-core</em> decomposition and <em>HITS</em> centrality, we show that purely stochastic processes can spontaneously generate modest functional structures, but that significant departures from random behavior generically require two key conditions: critical topological complexity and dynamic alignment between topology and functionality. Our results suggest that the emergence of functional architectures depends not only on the presence of selection mechanisms or specialized roles, but also on the network’s capacity to support differentiation and feedback. These findings provide insight into how topology–functionality relationships emerge in natural and artificial systems and offer a framework for using random graph baselines to diagnose the rise of global order in evolving finite-size networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"677 ","pages":"Article 130915"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}