Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications最新文献

{"title":"The formative time delay and electron avalanche number distributions for multielectron initiation of streamer breakdown","authors":"S.N. Stamenković,&nbsp;V. Lj. Marković,&nbsp;B.M. Samardžić","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electron avalanche statistics were mainly studied with a single electron initiation and there was no mathematical transition reported to the formative time delay distribution. This paper deals with the transition from the electron avalanche number distribution to the formative time delay distribution for multielectron initiation and streamer breakdown mechanism. The goal of the research is a detailed analysis of the formative time delay of electrical breakdown for different applications, such as spark counters, resistive plate chambers, gas-discharge switches, and high voltage systems with gas as an insulator. The electron avalanche number distribution for multielectron initiation is described by negative binomial distribution (NBD). Regarding the newly derived formative time delay distribution, when the number of initiating electrons <span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span> is small, the formative time delay distributions are asymmetric with the pronounced right tail. With increasing <span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span>, the formative time distributions shift to the shorter formative times and become narrower and higher, more symmetric and Gauss-like. As statistical tests show, for <span><math><mrow><mi>k</mi><mo>≳</mo><mn>20</mn></mrow></math></span> the hypothesis that the formative time delay distributions are Gaussians cannot be rejected. As illustrations, the formative time delay distributions in neon and air at low reduced electric field are shown and briefly discussed. The distributions for methylal, ether and methane are presented in order to compare the estimated distribution parameters with available experimental data and to model the measured distributions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"658 ","pages":"Article 130269"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling non-equilibrium mixed traffic flow in composite road environments with “End-Edge-Cloud” structure","authors":"Zihao Wang ,&nbsp;Hongxia Ge ,&nbsp;Pingping Dai ,&nbsp;Huaqing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper establishes a mixed traffic flow car-following model that describes the operation of non-equilibrium mixed platoon in the composite road environment, to solve the problem of insufficient adaptability of the existing mixed traffic flow models due to the composite road environment consisting of straight and curved roads. First, the non-equilibrium distribution of vehicles in the longitudinal and lateral directions of the road is used to study the characteristics of non-equilibrium mixed traffic flow. An asymmetric stochastic car-following model is built to represent the stochastic factors and the acceleration and braking behaviors of vehicles in the actual highway environment, in conjunction with the electronic throttle dynamics. Secondly, based on the force analysis and the car-following characteristics of vehicles on a slope curve, a mixed traffic flow car-following model adapted to the road conditions of the curve is constructed. Finally, an overall model describing the operation of non-equilibrium mixed vehicles in composite road environments is established through the “End-Edge-Cloud” architecture. Numerical experiments also compare and evaluate the effects of different road characteristics and key factors on the stability of mixed traffic flow. Through comparative analysis, it can be found that on straight roads, the mixed platoon needs to resist external perturbations, and then accurately track the desired headway in order to improve the traffic efficiency. On curved roads, the mixed platoon needs to maintain a stable desired speed to ensure safe and efficient passage through the curved road section.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"658 ","pages":"Article 130263"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Car following trajectory planning of CAVs: An improved APF model with considering the stochasticity of HDVs","authors":"Jiandong Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhixin Yu ,&nbsp;Rui Jiang ,&nbsp;Di Wu ,&nbsp;Shiteng Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper considered the stochasticity of Human-Driven Vehicles (HDVs) and proposed an improved Artificial Potential Field (APF) method for car-following trajectory planning of Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) based on real mixed traffic flow experiment. Firstly, the heterogeneity between HDVs and CAVs was considered to determine the type of attractive field. Then to adapt the APF model to dynamic traffic environments, the field functions were improved by incorporating the speed and position differences. In addition, taking into account both the vehicle itself and its impact on traffic flow, Grey Wolf Optimization-Chaos (GWO-C) was proposed to calibrate parameters, which helps avoid local optima. Furthermore, the proposed model was compared with experimental data and original APF method. The results show that the proposed APF improves the speed, jerk, and speed standard deviation of the platoon. Finally, the impact of different CAVs’ market penetration rates (MPR) on the stability and fundamental diagram were explored. It was found that traffic stability and capacity can be enhanced by CAVs, with a more significant impact at higher MPR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"658 ","pages":"Article 130265"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Buffon–Laplace Needle Problem as a geometric probabilistic approach to filtration process","authors":"Yan-Jie Min ,&nbsp;De-Quan Zhu ,&nbsp;Jin-Hua Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Buffon–Laplace Needle Problem considers a needle of a length <span><math><mi>l</mi></math></span> randomly dropped on a large plane distributed with vertically parallel lines with distances <span><math><mi>a</mi></math></span> and <span><math><mi>b</mi></math></span> (<span><math><mrow><mi>a</mi><mo>⩾</mo><mi>b</mi></mrow></math></span>), respectively. As a classical problem in stochastic probability, it serves as a mathematical basis of various physical literature, such as the efficiency of a filter and the emergence of clogging in filtration process. Yet its potential application is limited by previous focus on its original form of the ‘short’ needle case of <span><math><mrow><mi>l</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>b</mi></mrow></math></span> and its analytical difficulty in a general sense. Here, rather than a ‘short’ needle embedded in two-dimensional space, we analytically solve problem versions with needles and spherocylinders of arbitrary length and radius embedded in two- and three-dimensional spaces dropped on a grid with any rectangular shape. We further confirm our analytical theory with Monte Carlo simulation. Our framework here helps to provide a geometric analytical perspective to filtration process, and also extend the analytical power of the needle problem into unexplored parameter regions for physical problems involving stochastic processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"657 ","pages":"Article 130253"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The contagion model with social dependency","authors":"Yang Li,&nbsp;Hao Sun,&nbsp;Panfei Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Empirical evidence demonstrates that contagion relies on social relationships, and the level of social dependency varies for different contagious entities (e.g., diseases or information). To unravel the influence of social dependency on the contagion dynamics, we introduce a social dependency coefficient and present a contagion model with the memory of non-redundant influence on complex networks, which bridges the simple and complex contagions. In this model, individuals exist in one of three states: susceptible, infected, or recovered. Susceptible individuals become infected when the cumulative non-redundant effects they have received (represented by a belief function) exceed their thresholds. By percolation method and mean-field theory, we find that low social dependency can expand the size of final recovered population, yet this effect is not continuous. Specifically, the level of social dependency can be categorized into three intervals based on the critical transmission probability. In the low-dependency interval, contagious entities can spread widely at a low transmission probability. In the medium dependency interval, the critical transmission probability increases stepwise with the social dependency. In the high-dependency interval, the population is free from large outbreaks of contagion at any transmission probability. Besides, the results are not qualitatively affected by the heterogeneous network structure and the theoretical predictions are consistent with the simulation results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"657 ","pages":"Article 130247"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutive sandpiles","authors":"Carlos A. Alfaro ,&nbsp;Juan Pablo Serrano ,&nbsp;Ralihe R. Villagrán","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Abelian sandpile model was the first example of a self-organized critical system studied by Bak, Tang and Wiesenfeld. The dynamics of the sandpiles occur when the grains topple over a graph. In this study, we allow the graph to evolve over time and change its topology at each stage. This turns out in the occurrence of phenomena impossible in the classical sandpile models. For instance, unstable configurations over evolutive graphs with a sink that never stabilize. We also experiment with the stabilization of configurations with a large number of grains at the center over evolutive graphs, this allows us to obtain interesting fractals. Finally, we obtain power laws associated with some evolutive sandpiles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"657 ","pages":"Article 130248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eliminating bias in pedestrian density estimation: A Voronoi cell perspective","authors":"Pratik Mullick ,&nbsp;Cécile Appert-Rolland ,&nbsp;William H. Warren ,&nbsp;Julien Pettré","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For pedestrians moving without spatial constraints, extensive research has been devoted to develop methods of density estimation. In this paper we present a new approach based on Voronoi cells, offering a means to estimate density for individuals in small, unbounded pedestrian groups. A thorough evaluation of existing methods, encompassing both Lagrangian and Eulerian approaches employed in similar contexts, reveals notable limitations. Specifically, these methods turn out to be ill-defined for realistic density estimation along a pedestrian’s trajectory, exhibiting systematic biases and fluctuations that depend on the choice of parameters. There is thus a need for a parameter-independent method to eliminate this bias. We propose a modification of the widely used Voronoi-cell based density estimate to accommodate pedestrian groups, irrespective of their size. The advantages of this modified Voronoi method are that it is an instantaneous method that requires only knowledge of the pedestrians’ positions at a give time, does not depend on the choice of parameter values, gives us a realistic estimate of density in an individual’s neighborhood, and has appropriate physical meaning for both small and large human crowds in a wide variety of situations. We conclude with general remarks about the meaning of density measurements for small groups of pedestrians.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"657 ","pages":"Article 130251"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk propagation in supply-chain network considering node heterogeneity","authors":"Yucheng Chen,&nbsp;Yongxiang Xia,&nbsp;Zhen Hua","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the current highly interconnected global economy, risk propagation within supply-chain networks has drawn significant attention from researchers because of its profound impact. Given the varying risk-propagation capabilities of different firms within the supply chain, we propose a risk-propagation model that considers the heterogeneity between nodes, referred to as the Degree-Dependent Risk Propagation (DDRP) model. We analyze the effects of different heterogeneity parameters on the performance of risk propagation in the supply-chain network and further explore how these effects influence the efficiency of logistics within the supply-chain network. The results indicate that the heterogeneity between nodes significantly increases the vulnerability of the supply-chain network, making it less efficient when facing risk propagation. In a highly heterogeneous network, more nodes become infected, leading to a notable decline in logistics-transportation efficiency, which severely disrupts the normal functioning of the entire supply chain. Our research not only provides a novel theoretical model for risk propagation in supply-chain networks, but also offers valuable practical insights for managers and decision-makers. By identifying and understanding the influence of heterogeneity on risk propagation, decision-makers can formulate more effective risk-management strategies, thereby enhancing supply-chain resilience and efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"657 ","pages":"Article 130236"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing driver’s attention and overtaking efficiency in car-following model for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) vehicles","authors":"Vikash Siwach ,&nbsp;Darshana Yadav ,&nbsp;Poonam Redhu","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the contemporary technological landscape, vehicles equipped with Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) are expected to significantly enhance current transportation systems’ efficiency and traffic capacity. The efficiency of ADAS vehicles to have forward and backward headway is utilized in deciding a vehicle’s optimal velocity and acceleration at any time. The comprehension of nearby vehicle information plays a crucial role in anticipating traffic flow behavior, with particular effectiveness observed during overtaking maneuvers.</div><div>To comprehend how driver attention and passing can influence the velocity of the vehicle and those near, a novel car-following model is developed for Advanced Driving Assistance Systems vehicles to gain deeper insights into this phenomenon. To study the stability criterion, both “linear and nonlinear” analyses are performed for the stability conditions. A simulation for small perturbations in headway was done, and it was found that the simulated headway profile patterns (No Jam, Kink and Chaotic) for different parameter values resemble with the theoretical results. It is found that the smaller values of passing lead to the kink region by reducing the wavelength and amplitude of the kink wave, whereas a chaotic pattern is observed for higher values of passing. Traffic stability is discovered to be inversely supported by the weightage to the backward information (the headway of the preceding vehicle) for optimal velocity. Moreover, compared to the passing and backward information factors of optimal velocity, the driver’s attention on average speed of nearby vehicles is the most influential factor in stabilizing traffic. The combination of the concentration of the driver’s attention and the passing actions of drivers in ADAS vehicles have a compounding impact that affects usual driving patterns. Therefore, the improved model can be implemented as active safety technology to reduce collision accidents and other traffic-related issues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"657 ","pages":"Article 130207"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Privacy preserving synchronization of directed dynamical networks with periodic data-sampling","authors":"Qiang Jia ,&nbsp;Xinyi Yao ,&nbsp;Miroslav Mirchev","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2024.130227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Data privacy has become a key issue in networked systems, but few effort was devoted to privacy preservation in synchronization of nonlinear dynamical networks when data sampling is involved. This work focuses on the privacy preserving synchronization in a type of nonlinear dynamical network with sampled data. In order to preserve their private initial states, the nodes conceal the sampled data via certain deterministic perturbation, and exchange the masked data with their neighbors via the communication network. A novel privacy-preserving protocols with sampled data is developed, which differs from existing designs with continuous data, and a commonly used restriction on the nodes’ neighbor sets is unnecessary herein. By establishing a new Halanay-type inequality with decaying perturbation, some sufficient criteria are derived to guarantee synchronization without disclosing the nodes’ privacy, revealing how the decaying rate of the masking functions, the topology and the sampling period influence synchronization. Furthermore, in order to reduce the control update, the analogue of the above design with event-trigger is also given, leading to another useful condition for privacy preserving synchronization. Some numerical examples are finally given to validate the theoretical results and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed designs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"657 ","pages":"Article 130227"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}