Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications最新文献

{"title":"Phase diagram and spin nematic phase transitions in biquadratic spin- 1 and spin-2 XY chains with single-ion anisotropies","authors":"Yan-Wei Dai ,&nbsp;Sheng-Hao Li ,&nbsp;Sam Young Cho ,&nbsp;Huan-Qiang Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate quantum phase transitions between uniaxial (biaxial) spin nematic phases in biquadratic spin-1 (-2) XY infinite chains with the rhombic- and uniaxial-type single-ion anisotropies. The distinctive singular behaviors of the Wigner–Yanase skew information, the bipartite entanglement entropy, and the quadrupole moments characterize quantum phase transitions from one spin nematic state to another. For the spin-1 system, a discontinuous quantum phase transition is signaled by discontinuous behaviors of all the considered Wigner–Yanase skew information, bipartite quantum entanglement, and quadrupole moments from the <span><math><mi>z</mi></math></span>-ferroquadrupole phases to the <span><math><mi>x</mi></math></span>- or <span><math><mi>y</mi></math></span>-ferroquadrupole phases, while a continuous quantum phase transition occurs between the <span><math><mi>x</mi></math></span>- and <span><math><mi>y</mi></math></span>-ferroquadrupole phases. The central charge in the continuous phase transition line is estimated as <span><math><mrow><mi>c</mi><mo>≃</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span> from the entanglement entropy. Compared to the spin-1 system, depending on a strength of the uniaxial-type single-ion anisotropy, the spin-2 system undergoes four different quantum phase transitions between the two biaxial spin nematic phases including quantum crossovers connecting the two orthogonal biaxial spin nematic states adiabatically without an explicit phase transition. The discontinuous transition line is classified as a topological phase characterized by a doubly degenerate entanglement spectrum and a string order parameter defined by the Cartan generator of the <span><math><mrow><mi>SO</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>5</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> symmetry group in spin-2 systems, while the continuous phase transition is advocated by the central charge <span><math><mrow><mi>c</mi><mo>≃</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span>. Whereas the continuous phase transition lines with <span><math><mrow><mi>c</mi><mo>≃</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math></span> indicate that the transition between the biaxial spin nematic phase and the antiferromagnetic phase belongs to the Ising universality class.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"686 ","pages":"Article 131330"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147385897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large language model-driven bi-level game framework for connected and automated vehicle pair at mixed unsignalized intersections","authors":"Tianwen Yan ,&nbsp;Maode Yan ,&nbsp;Lei Zuo ,&nbsp;Mingren Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) become core Internet of Things (IoT) terminals in modern transportation, growing research has focused on safe driving strategy at unsignalized intersections. However, existing studies often neglect how multiple CAVs can cooperate to improve safety, and rarely address traffic fairness under stochastic Human-Driven Vehicle (HDV) behaviors. To address these issues, we propose a novel large language model (LLM)-driven bi-level game framework for CAV Pair at mixed unsignalized intersections, namely BiG-LLM. This framework combines semantic scene understanding via LLM with verifiable game-theoretic decision-making, effectively alleviating the hallucinations caused by pure LLM. A CAV Pair-based mixed platoon is introduced to exploit multi-CAV synergy. In the bi-level game strategy, the upper-level game enables the lead CAV to optimize the allocation of right-of-way. The tail CAV activates the lower-level fairness game, using the waiting anxiety model based on prospect theory to quantify frustration and discourage extreme waiting. Extensive simulations are conducted under multiple traffic flow conditions. The results demonstrate that BiG-LLM consistently achieves a high success rate, improves safety by increasing the minimum Post-Encroachment Time (PET), and reduces the maximum waiting time compared to baseline methods, while maintaining competitive efficiency. These results verify the effectiveness of BiG-LLM in balancing efficiency, safety, and system-level traffic fairness at unsignalized intersections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"686 ","pages":"Article 131327"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146081890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel approach to accounting for correlations in evolution of an open quantum system and the Lindblad equation","authors":"Victor F. Los","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A projection operator is introduced which exactly transforms the inhomogeneous Nakajima–Zwanzig generalized master equation for the relevant part of a system +bath statistical operator, containing the inhomogeneous irrelevant term comprising the initial correlations, into the homogeneous equation accounting for initial correlations in the kernel governing its evolution. No ”factorizing initial state” approximation has been used. The obtained equation is equivalent to completely closed (homogeneous) equation for the statistical operator of a system of interest interacting with a bath. In the Born approximation (weak system–bath interaction) this equation can be presented as the time-local Redfield-like equation with additional terms caused by initial correlations. As an application, a quantum oscillator, interacting with a Boson field and driven from the Gibbs initial equilibrium system+bath state by a weak external force, is considered. All terms determining the oscillator evolution over time are explicitly calculated at all timescales. They show how initial correlations influence the evolution process. It is also demonstrated that at the large timescale this influence vanishes, and the evolution equation for the quantum oscillator statistical operator acquires the Lindblad form.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"686 ","pages":"Article 131326"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146049117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statistical properties of the rooted-tree encoding of N","authors":"Pierluigi Contucci ,&nbsp;Claudio Giberti ,&nbsp;Godwin Osabutey ,&nbsp;Cecilia Vernia","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We prime-encode the natural numbers via recursive factorisation, iterated to the exponents, generating a corpus of planar rooted trees equivalently represented as Dyck words. This forms a deterministic text endowed with internal rules. Statistical analysis of the corpus reveals that the dictionary and the entropy grow sublinearly, compression shows non-monotonic trend, and the rank-frequency curves assume a stable parabolic form deviating from Zipf’s law. Correlation analysis using mean-squared displacement reveals a transition from normal diffusion to superdiffusion in the associated walk. These findings characterise the tree-encoded sequence as a statistically structured text with long-range correlations grounded in its generative arithmetic law, providing an empirical basis for subsequent theoretical investigations and empirical ones with large language models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"686 ","pages":"Article 131361"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147385406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-linear wave dynamics and stability transitions in traffic flow with localised market perturbations","authors":"Gabriel Obed Fosu ,&nbsp;Fredrick Asenso Wireko ,&nbsp;Kwame Atta Gyamfi","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban traffic in sub-Saharan Africa exhibits strong interactions between formal vehicular flow and informal roadside activities. This paper develops a macroscopic second-order traffic flow model in which market-induced disturbances are represented as spatio-temporally localised perturbations to equilibrium velocity, anticipation, and pedestrian impedance. By embedding these effects in a viscous continuum framework, we show how informal markets fundamentally alter the collective dynamics of vehicular flow. Linear stability analysis demonstrates that market intensity raises the critical stability threshold, narrowing the domain of stable operation. A non-linear multiple-scale expansion reduces the governing equations to a Korteweg–de Vries-type system, revealing the emergence of solitary waves as organising structures near criticality. Numerical simulations across free-flow, moderate-flow, and near-congested regimes confirm that localised perturbations can evolve into oscillatory waves or stationary jam fronts, with pronounced hysteresis effects at high density. These results demonstrate that roadside markets act as destabilising agents in traffic systems by inducing phase-transition-like shifts between free flow, oscillatory states, and congestion. The findings illustrate how localised human activity modifies non-linear flow dynamics, providing a broader perspective on the role of spatio-temporal heterogeneities in complex transport systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"686 ","pages":"Article 131344"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147385821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anharmonic interaction as random field for thermal transport in FPU-β lattice","authors":"Li Wan","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a stochastic version of the quantum theory for the thermal transport in the Fermi-Pasta–Ulam-<span><math><mi>β</mi></math></span>(FPU-<span><math><mi>β</mi></math></span>) lattice. In the theory, local bosons (LBs) are introduced as carriers for the transport. The LBs are stimulated by individual atoms in the lattice, which are different from the phonons that are collective motions of the atoms. The LBs move in the FPU lattice and are governed by a set of stochastic differential equations (SDEs). The anharmonic interaction between the atoms in the lattice is transformed to a random field by the Hubbard–Stratonovich transformation, and has been implemented in the set of SDEs. By solving the set of SDEs at the steady state, we study the influence of the anharmonic interaction on the thermal transport. Results show that the anharmonic interaction decreases the thermal current by trapping the LBs on the lattice sites, as well as increases the thermal current by enhancing the amount of the LBs for the transport. The competition between these two mechanisms makes the thermal conductivity of the lattice depend on the anharmonic interaction non-monotonically. The finite size effect of the thermal conductivity has also been captured by the theory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"686 ","pages":"Article 131328"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147385899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Excitation of Kármán vortex street in Bose–Einstein condensate with moiré lattice","authors":"Kaihua Shao ,&nbsp;Baolong Xi ,&nbsp;Zhonghong Xi ,&nbsp;Pu Tu ,&nbsp;Xi Zhao ,&nbsp;Yuren Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The excitation of various wake patterns in a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) with moiré lattice is investigated numerically. The effects of physical parameters such as the velocity of the obstacle potential and the depth of the moiré lattice on vortex shedding are systematically investigated using numerical simulation. Appropriate parameters lead to the shedding of periodic vortex pairs and the formation of different wake patterns. Interestingly, when the vortex is situated at the potential well, its size is smaller than at the potential barrier of moiré lattice, indicating that its size is reduced in the higher-density region. The formation of Kármán vortex street (Kvs) becomes less favorable as the moiré lattice deepens. We also find that if a single vortex is shed behind the obstacle potential, the wake pattern eventually exhibits Kvs. It is worth noting that the distance between a pair of vortices and the angular frequency of their rotation oscillates periodically with time evolution. Additionally, as more vortices are shed from the obstacle potential, the kinetic energy, interaction energy and total energy in the system increase, and the potential energy exhibits oscillatory behavior. The direction of motion of the obstacle potential in the moiré lattice affects the vortex distribution. Furthermore, we propose a possible implementation of the Kvs in a BEC with moiré lattice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"686 ","pages":"Article 131333"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146081249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Universality of self-organized phase transitions in driven three-dimensional magnetic systems with competing dynamics","authors":"R.A. Dumer ,&nbsp;D.R. da Costa ,&nbsp;M. Godoy","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate the non-equilibrium stationary states of the Ising, <span><math><mrow><mi>X</mi><mi>Y</mi></mrow></math></span>, and Heisenberg models on a simple cubic lattice using Monte Carlo simulations. The system’s evolution is governed by a competition between two dynamics controlled by a parameter <span><math><mi>q</mi></math></span>: a one-spin flip dynamic that drives the system, in contact with a thermal reservoir at temperature <span><math><mi>T</mi></math></span>, toward a lower energy state with probability <span><math><mi>q</mi></math></span>, and a two-spin flip dynamic that drives it, subjected to an external energy flux, toward a higher energy state with probability <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>−</mo><mi>q</mi></mrow></math></span>. We construct the phase diagram of <span><math><mi>T</mi></math></span> as a function of <span><math><mi>q</mi></math></span>, which exhibits a rich phenomenology of self-organization across the different observed phases and is characterized by continuous phase transitions between them. For all three models, we identify three distinct phases: an antiferromagnetic ordered phase at low <span><math><mi>q</mi></math></span> values, a disordered paramagnetic phase at intermediate <span><math><mi>q</mi></math></span>, and a ferromagnetic ordered phase at high <span><math><mi>q</mi></math></span> values and low <span><math><mi>T</mi></math></span>. Furthermore, we calculate the critical exponents for the phase transitions and show that they remain unchanged from their equilibrium values, indicating that the non-equilibrium nature of the dynamics does not alter the universality class of the models. This suggests that the underlying symmetries of the models are the primary determinants of their critical behavior, even in the presence of a persistent energy flux.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"686 ","pages":"Article 131359"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147385724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multi-level cross-molecular interaction neural network for mixture property prediction","authors":"Zhiwei Shi ,&nbsp;Miao Ma ,&nbsp;Hanyang Ning ,&nbsp;Bo Yang ,&nbsp;Liping Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Predicting the properties of mixtures is crucial across chemical engineering, energy materials, environmental science, and biomedicine. It elucidates complex intercomponent interactions, improves experimental efficiency, and guides the design and optimization of new systems. However, traditional computational chemistry methods cannot keep pace with modern high-throughput workflows, and existing mixture prediction algorithms do not sufficiently capture intercomponent interactions and lack sufficient transferability, hindering practical adoption and broader dissemination. To address these challenges, we propose a multi-level cross-molecular interaction neural network (MCMINet), a novel native mixture modeling architecture with end-to-end component permutation invariance and generality. The model explicitly captures intercomponent interactions via cross-molecular interaction mechanisms and fuses structural information at both the molecular and mixture levels to construct mixture representations. This design preserves intrinsic information while enhancing interaction information, thereby improving predictive accuracy. Furthermore, inspired by the consistency between statistical mechanics and thermodynamics, we design a loss function <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ℒ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>mix</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> for mixture modeling that embeds composition dependence into a regularization term to enforce physical consistency during training and improve generalization. MCMINet demonstrates state-of-the-art performance in predicting electrolyte ionic conductivity, activity coefficients of non-ideal solutions, and vapor–liquid equilibrium behavior. Experiments spanning diverse scales, mixing ratios, component counts, and physicochemical properties enable researchers to gain deeper insights into the non-additivity of intercomponent interactions, offering a new perspective on “structure–property” research in mixtures. This approach holds significant potential for downstream tasks such as process optimization, chemical screening, and drug formulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"686 ","pages":"Article 131340"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147385726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of role-based resource allocation on epidemic dynamics","authors":"Hao-Xiang Jiang ,&nbsp;Chao-Ran Cai ,&nbsp;Ji-Qiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Ming Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We propose a coupled dynamical model of resource allocation and epidemic spread, inspired by the hierarchical structure of real-world therapeutic resource allocation. In this framework, network nodes are assigned distinct roles as either resource allocators or resource recipients. As the average number of links per recipient from allocators increases, the prevalence exhibits one of four distinct response patterns across conditions: monotonically increasing, monotonically decreasing, U-shaped trend, or a sudden decrease with large fluctuations. A mechanistic analysis uncovers three central insights: (i) a trade-off between efficient resource allocation and infection risk faced by allocators, (ii) the critical need to avoid resource redundancy when therapeutic efficiency is high, and (iii) the emergence of cascade-induced bistability in the coupled system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"686 ","pages":"Article 131369"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147385810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}